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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Calcium
Hydrophobic
Solvent
Chemical Symbol
2. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
Ionic Bond
Organic Compounds
Atomic Nucleus
Exchange Reaction
3. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Leukotrienes
Neutral Fats
Tripeptide
Sodium
4. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.
Nucleic Acid
Buffer
Electron Shell
Rate of Decay
5. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.
Nucleotide
Matter
Rate of Decay
Elements
6. Positively charged ions.
Protons
Product
Antibodies
Cation
7. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.
Atomic Number
Adenosine Triphosphate
Synthesis Reaction
Electrostatic Attraction
8. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Chemical Reaction
Steroids
Bases
Protons
9. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Chromosomes
Compound
Bases
Antibodies
10. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Neutron
Matter
Electrostatic Attraction
7.4
11. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Ionic Bond
Exchange Reaction
Dehydration Synthesis...
Hydrolysis...
12. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.
Chemical Bond
Carbon
Exchange Reaction
Dehydration Synthesis...
13. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Electrostatic Attraction
Carbon
Neutral Fats
Ionic Bond
14. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Dehydration Synthesis...
Molecule
Decomposition Reactions
Tripeptide
15. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Activation Energy
Eicosanoid
Decomposition Reactions
Iron
16. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.
Glycerol
Pentose Sugar
Iron
Catalyst
17. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Unsaturated
Chromosomes
Eicosanoid
18. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Phospholipid
Chemical Symbol
Functional Protein
Organic Compounds
19. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Protons
Prostaglandin
Solvent
Synthesis Reaction
20. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
Chromosomes
Exchange Reaction
Electrostatic Attraction
Antibodies
21. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Saturated
High- energy Bonds
Antibodies
Steroids
22. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
Adenosine Triphosphate
Steroids
Hydrophobic
Hydrolysis...
23. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.
Covalent Bond
Molecule
Decomposition Reaction
7.4
24. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
Thromboxane
Water
Neutral Fats
Polar Molecule
25. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Acids
Glycerol
Steroids
Glycoprotein
26. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Lipoprotein
Hydrophilic
Exchange Reaction
7.4
27. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Chemical Equation
Hydrophilic
Prostaglandin
Salt
28. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
Atomic Nucleus
ATP
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Antibodies
29. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Sodium
Solute
Polysaccharides
Leukotrienes
30. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Atom
Synthesis Reaction
Product
Steroids
31. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
High- energy Bonds
Chemical Reaction
Dehydration Synthesis...
Ionic Bond
32. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Glycogen
Water
Exchange Reaction
Hydrolysis...
33. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.
Iron
Catabolism
Iodine
Hydrophilic
34. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Protein
Matter
Triglyceride
Buffer
35. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Atom
Antibodies
Solution
Substrate
36. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Polypeptide
7.4
Bases
Solute
37. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.
Electrostatic Attraction
Acids
Ions
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
38. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Atom
Elements
Nucleotide
Chemical Reaction
39. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.
Substrate
Fatty Acid
Polar Molecule
Protein
40. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Chromosomes
Solvent
Chemical Reaction
Chemical Symbol
41. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Covalent Bond
Functional Group
Synthesis Reaction
Bases
42. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Antibodies
Product
Atomic Weight
Iodine
43. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
Nucleic Acid
Polar Molecule
Chromosomes
Bases
44. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).
Isotopes
Antibodies
Atomic Nucleus
Substrate
45. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Inorganic Compound
Atomic Weight
Hormone
Chemical Reaction
46. XY >> X + Y
ATP
Decomposition Reaction
Solute
Anabolism
47. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Chemical Symbol
Glycerol
Synthesis Reaction
Water
48. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.
Molecule
Polysaccharides
Adenosine Triphosphate
Pentose Sugar
49. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.
Atomic Number
Hydrophobic
Lipoprotein
Calcium
50. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Bases
Exchange Reaction
Elements
Cation