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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






2. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






3. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






4. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






5. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






6. Positively charged ions.






7. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






8. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






9. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






10. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






11. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






12. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






13. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






14. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






15. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






16. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






17. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






18. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






19. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






20. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






21. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






22. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






23. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






24. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






25. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






26. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






27. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






28. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






29. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






30. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






31. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






32. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






33. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






34. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






35. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






36. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






37. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






38. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






39. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






40. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






41. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






42. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






43. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






44. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






45. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






46. XY >> X + Y






47. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






48. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






49. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






50. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.