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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Ethics In America
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
civics
Instructions:
Answer 39 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What philosopher believed that happiness is the basis of philosophy. To be happy one must grow in the knowledge of God not by satisfaction of goods.
Veil of ignorance
Kant
Augustine of Hippo
Applied
2. To Kant - what is the basis for morality?
Original position
Reason
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Individual relativism
3. Who determined there were four cardinal virtues (prudence - temperance - fortitude - justice) and three theological virtues (faith - hope - and charity)?
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Thomas Aquinas
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
4. Skeptics such as _____________ did not deny moral values only that they were divine or willed by God.
Sextus Empericus
Kant
Forfeiture
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
5. What theory concentrates on the origins and constructs of ethics - including God - society - and satisfying emotion?
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Plato.
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Metaethics.
6. What philosopher likened ethics and morals to spirit-like objects that exist as abstractions? Such as math (1+1=2)
Reason
Plato.
Individual relativism
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
7. Scripture and 'God's Will -' and divine commands such as 'murder is wrong -' are called ...
Augustine of Hippo
Applied
Categorical
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
8. A metaphysical philosopher of the Middle Ages who believed in libertarian ideals such as separation of church and state and who also believed that the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one:
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
William of Ockham
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
9. In Plato's view can moral abstractions be altered?
10. In A Theory of Justice - Rawls replaces Hobbes - Rouseau - and Locke's 'state of nature' with what?
Original position
Kant
Individual relativism
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
11. An attacker gives up his right to life. Self-defense theory is covered by what philosophy:
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Forfeiture
Relativism and Objectivism.
Cultural relativism
12. What two topics are prominent in metaethics?
Thomas Aquinas
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Reason
Good will - respect for every person as a human
13. What topics comprise metaphysical ethics issues?
Kant
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Relativism and Objectivism.
Stoicism
14. 17th Century British philosopher ________ likened morals to spiritual 'relationships' rather than spiritual objects.
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Ockham
Categorical and hypothetical
Samuel Clarke
15. Kant created what imperatives
Categorical and hypothetical
Reason
Epictetus
Samuel Clarke
16. One medieval philosopher who believed in divine commands was ...
Plato.
Relativism.
Samuel Clarke
Ockham
17. Skepticism forms a basis for moral __________
Relativism.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
18. Moral relativism is split into two categories:
Samuel Clarke
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Relativism.
Ockham
19. Relativism that is determined by society - such as acceptance of homosexuals - matricide - abortion - etc. is:
Original position
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Kant
Cultural relativism
20. Three cultural relativists:
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Forfeiture
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
21. Who said - 'Good is to be done and promoted and evil is to be avoided?'
22. What are the three modern ethical theories?
Categorical
Applied
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Ockham
23. Examples of categorical imperatives
Kant
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Samuel Clarke
Augustine of Hippo
24. Which philosopher - greatly influenced by Kant - wrote A Theory of Justice?
John Rawls
Metaethics.
Individual relativism
Relativism and Objectivism.
25. According to Rawls - an ethical situation can be determined with a thought experiment that assumes no social class - race - or hierarchy is involved. This is called the __________.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Veil of ignorance
Metaethics.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
26. What philosophy holds that we are fully responsible for what becomes of us - that we are hurling ourselves toward our own future - and we are responsible for our own ethics - not God.
William of Ockham
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Samuel Clarke
27. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards are constructs of society?
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Cultural relativism
Categorical
Applied
28. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards exist as absolutes outside the physical in a sort of spiritual realm?
Stoicism
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Hypothetical
29. This philosopher believed in reason - universal application of morals applied by a sense of duty.
Categorical and hypothetical
Reason
Kant
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
30. Prominent stoic philosopher
Reason
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Epictetus
Categorical
31. What philosopher might say - 'I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.'
Categorical
Sextus Empericus
Kant
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
32. What imperative states that for an action to be worth it must be universal to all beings and it must be done with a sense of moral duty?
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Categorical
Ockham
Categorical and hypothetical
33. What ethical theory involves specific issues such as abortion - environmentalism - war - homosexuality - capital punishment and similar topics.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Applied
Plato.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
34. What imperative covers actions that are not universal or not in keeping with a sense of duty?
Categorical
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Relativism and Objectivism.
Hypothetical
35. Medieval philosophers believed morals were 'eternal law.' Would this be a worldly/relativism view or an other-worldly/objective view?
Metaethics.
Ockham
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
36. What philosophy believes the virtuous life is the only way to attain happiness and that vice leads to unhappiness. (Also - objectivism/other-worldly)
Reason
Samuel Clarke
Stoicism
Cultural relativism
37. The original position is a contract in which every citizen
Normative
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Kant
Kant
38. What is the more 'practical' ethical theory - concentrating on our standards of behavior and duties to others?
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Normative
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Augustine of Hippo
39. Friedrich Nietzsche argued that an individual created his own morality. This ties in with the 'becoming' of a superman. This creation of morality distinct from society is:
Individual relativism
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Original position