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Test your basic knowledge |
Journalism Law
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
journalism-and-media
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Journalists and citizens must first obey court orders first before seeking appeal - even if they believe the order is unconstitutional
U.S. v. Dickinson
Sixth amendmen
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
Libel Per Se
2. Minor errors do not count as actual malice.
District Court
Actual Damages
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Time Inc. v. Pape
3. Judge has an absolute duty to ensure fair trial rights. Judge must be able to control what's going on in the courtroom.
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Shepherd v. Maxwell
Libel
Gertz v. Welch
4. Police have to disclose incident report records. Do have to keep submitting FOIAs.
False light
Galella v. Onassis
State News v. Michigan State University
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
5. Reporters have no greater rights than any other citizen - there is no reporter shield from grand jury testifying. If you're attempting to harass - then reporters are protected and do not have to testify.
Amicus curiae
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Branzburg v. Hayes
Defamation
6. Spoken defamation which causes injury to a person's reputation
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Alander
Rouch 1
Libel Perquod
7. The burden of proof imposed on public officials extends to anyone involved in a matter of public concern - regardless of whether they were famous or unknown.
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Sixth amendmen
Civil contempt
Alander
8. Protects all 'persons' from deprivation of life - liberty or property without due process of law.
Fourteenth amendment
False light
Private figure
District Court
9. The declaration of a final judgment based on the evidence presented
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Doctrine of neutral reportage
Adjudication
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
10. Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency - 2. Intrusion on physical solitude - 3. False light - 4. Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit - 5. Right to publicity
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Gag order
5 Areas of privacy
Libel Per Se
11. Plaintiffs are not entitled to an order unmasking an anonymous author when the statements in question cannot support a cause of action for defamation.
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
12. (Privacy)a. Very close to libel - If you're a public official/figure you have the actual malice rule - Portraying someone in a lie - Truth is a defense - Consent is a defense - Public newsworthy event is okay
Fourteenth amendment
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Time Inc. v. Hill
False light
13. Civil cases when the amount in dispute is less than $25 -000
Tickets
Florida Star v. B.J.F
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Gertz v. Welch
14. The media must make sure that permission is acquired in commercial situations.
Actual malice
Doctrine of neutral reportage
Public figure
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
15. Have to have an open meeting when interviewing candidates for a public position.
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
Actual malice
16. Anything punishable by more than a year in jail
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
Felonies
Snepp v. United States
MCLA 750.520k
17. Set the standard in MI that negligence is needed to prove libel - as the legislature had not acted.
WXYZ v. Hand
U.S. v. Dickinson
Rouch 1
False light
18. Damages presumed - Falsely accusing someone of a crime - Statements concerning race or political belief - Damaging someone in their business - Ex. calling brain surgeon 'butterfingers'
Libel Per Se
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
Pretiral hearing
District Court
19. If the information is lawfully obtained - the defendant can't be held in contempt of court.
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
In re Times Publishing Co.
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
20. For purposes of divorce - there may be some elements of a public person's private life that make them a private figure.
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Summary judgment
Florida Star v. B.J.F
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
21. Institutes procedures to ensure every citizen has the right to access government documents - as well as the right to inspect and receive copies of records from state and local government bodies.
5 Areas of privacy
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
Any civil matter
Freedom of Information Act
22. Series of pre trail hearings: court created devices to weed out inadmissible evidence prior to trial. Often determine bargaining of prosecution and defendant to come up with plea bargain. Most cases are ended with plea bargain and don't go to trial.
Felonies
Evening News Association v. Troy
Sixth amendmen
Circuit Court
23. Any communication - true or false - which exposes a person to hatred - ridicule or contempt. the person's reputation is harmed or damaged
Actual Damages
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
Civil contempt
Defamation
24. To claim exemption for investigative records - they must show how disclosure would interfere with proceedings. The burden of proof is on the party claiming exemption.
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Clark v. ABC
Evening News Association v. Troy
25. Statements of opinion that could be perceived as defamation need to be based on reliable evidence.
5 Elements of libel
Time Inc. v. Pape
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
Injunction
26. Compensatory damages are a proper remedy to avoid the injustice under a promissory estoppel claim.
Time Inc. v. Pape
Gannett v. DePasquale
In re Times Publishing Co.
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
27. Reading of the charges against a person
Arraignment
Qualified privilege
Fourteenth amendment
Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit
28. No guarantee of immunity for media ride alongs.
Wilson v. Layne
Galella v. Onassis
Herbert v. Lando
Civil contempt
29. Lowest court handles: Tickets - civil matter - Misdemeanor - Felonies
District Court
In re Closure of Voir Dire (People v. Lawrence)
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
Preliminary hearing
30. For the purpose of defamation - a person who does not have regular - continuing access to the media - or on matters of public controversy. These individuals have a lesser burden of proof under most state libel laws.
Private figure
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
Public figure
31. There is liability even if the news organization reports both sides - if the sources are not credible.
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
Precedent
Pearson v. Dodd
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
32. Guarantees freedoms of speech - religion - press and assembly.
Florida Star v. B.J.F
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
First amendment
Adjudication
33. There is a First amendment right of access to trials
34. If an ongoing - criminal investigation is actively underway - discretion may be used under the exemption claim in FOIA to withhold some documents.
Adjudication
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Summary judgment
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
35. This protects the media from liability of defamatory statements made during official proceedings. The published story must be a fair and accurate account of what happened.
Herbert v. Lando
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Time Inc. v. Hill
Qualified privilege
36. Guarantees people the right to be secure in their homes and property against unreasonable searches and seizures. Also protects against the issuance of a warrant without probable cause.
Private figure
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Fourth amendment
Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit
37. (privacy) Ex. Beyonce has a thing of Ocean Spray orange juice. Ocean Spray uses the photo as a marketing campaign. Beyonce could go after them.
38. 3rd party has no obligation to notify media when there's been a government subpoena of phone records. Also includes any form of electronic communication.
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Certiorari
Wilson v. Layne
Rouch 1
39. Broadcasters are immune from liability if political candidates defame someone while under section 315
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
Farmers Education Cooperative v. WDAY
40. Michigan court trials have to remain open. Parts can be closed - but never all of the trial. M.C.L.A 750.520k only applies to pre-trial hearings.
Misdemeanor
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
Fourth amendment
41. School officials can prohibit students from displaying messages that promote illegal drug use.
Morse v. Frederick
New York Times v. United States
Rouch 1
Fourth amendment
42. in an invasion of privacy tort - an action which occurs when an individual's expectation of privacy or right to be left alone is breached. EX. A reporter lies about his identity to gain access to information they couldn't under normal conditions.
Intrusion on physical solitude
Certiorari
Doctrine of neutral reportage
Summary judgment
43. Only in Massachusetts - you can close a preliminary hearing if the case is a sexual assault case.
Amicus curiae
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
WXYZ v. Hand
New York Times v. Sullivan
44. Upon the request of the counsel or the victim - you can order that the names of the victim and actor and details of the alleged offense be suppressed until such time as the actor is arraigned - the charge is dismissed - or the case is otherwise concl
Adjudication
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Irreparable harm
MCLA 750.520k
45. A constructive trust is a proper manner of relinquishing the profits of one who abuses a confidential position.
First amendment
Certiorari
Snepp v. United States
Right to publicity
46. The power of authority of a particular court to hear and adjudicate matters in dispute
Injunction
Jurisdiction
Public figure
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
47. Under the language of the statute - these media representatives are not subject to an investigative subpoena.
5 Elements of libel
Gertz v. Welch
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
48. A court order preventing a person or group from doing or continuing to do a specific act.
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
Freedom of information act
Shepherd v. Maxwell
Injunction
49. If a quote is altered - in order for a publication to be sued the plaintiff must prove the meaning portrayed in altered quote is dramatically different than the actual quote
In re Closure of Voir Dire (People v. Lawrence)
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
50. (Privacy) Ex. Kim Kardashian's sex tape
Adjudication
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
Public figure
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency