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Test your basic knowledge |
Nutrition Diagnosis
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
nursing
,
health-fitness-nutrition
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the Anthropometric measures?
Common for this diet to be ordered postoperatively - Permits patient's preferences and situations to be taken into consideration - Also allows for postoperative diet progression at the patient's tolerance
Indirect calorimetry measurement - Vitamin/mineral abnormalities in lab values - Inadequate weight gain - or unintentional weight loss Clinical evidence of vitamin/mineral deficiency
Allows body to heal -To prepare diagnostic test -To prepare Surgical Procedure
Height/length -Weight -BMI -Body Measures (skin fold thickness)
2. Excessive enteral nutrition infusion
Weight gain - Diet hx of energy dense food intake
Diet hx of low fiber intake - Constipation/low stool volume
High BUN - High BGL - High liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema
Height/length -Weight -BMI -Body Measures (skin fold thickness)
3. What is the Parenteral Nutrition?
Low cholesterol - Low Ca - High PTT - Low Cu/Zn/Fe - Weight loss - Dehydration
Inadequate Intake
Height/length -Weight -BMI -Body Measures (skin fold thickness)
Method of feeding clients who do not have a functioning GI tract - Clinical disease (malabsorption) - surgical intervention - trauma/stress - malignancies - Energy and nutrients provided intravenously - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - Infused into
4. How long should Nutritional screenings be done to residents being admitted?
14 days of admission
High liver enzymes - Constipation - Diarrhea - CV changes - High intake of supplements/plant foods
CHO 55-60% - protein 10-20% - lipid <30% - fiber 20-35 grams - Evaluate glucose levels - serum lipids - kcalories - diet - insulin/medication
GI problems - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Cramping - Distention - Constipation - Mechanical complications - Tube displacement - Tube obstruction - Pulmonary aspiration - Mucosal damage
5. What else do you check with biochemical tests?
Designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status in those who do not require modified or therapeutic diets - Used to promote health and reduce risks for developing chronic diet-related diseases
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
Anthropometric data -Clinical data -Dietary intake assessment
Patients who have difficulty chewing or swallowing food - Goal is to provide a diet that meets nutritional needs and prevents aspiration - Causes of dysphagia - Acute: CVA - seizure - trauma - surgery - anoxia - Progressive: dementia - Parkinson's -
6. Inconsistent carbohydrate intake
High/low BGL - Meds - Insulin use -
Common for this diet to be ordered postoperatively - Permits patient's preferences and situations to be taken into consideration - Also allows for postoperative diet progression at the patient's tolerance
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress
Technical complications - Pneumothorax - Septic complications - Local or systemic - Metabolic complications - Most common complication - Most common is hyperglycemia
7. What is the clinical assessments?
Socioeconomic status -comorbid disease states -Age adults: =< 75 children<5 PHYSICAL -stress and trauma- metabolic demands -mechanical ventilation-unable to eat -therapeutic bowel rest
Individualized diets based on swallowing ability and food preference - Evaluate ability to swallow solids and liquids: often done by speech therapist who can also aid in teaching the patient swallowing techniques - Features of food to consider and mo
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used
8. Inadequate energy intake
Low chol - alb - prealb - elytes/minerals - vitamins - Weight loss - Low BMI - Diet hx of low intake - fever - dx: Crohn's - AIDS - burns
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease
Low cholesterol - Low Ca - High PTT - Low Cu/Zn/Fe - Weight loss - Dehydration
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support
9. How do you monitor response for enteral treatment?
Low cholesterol - Low Ca - High PTT - Low Cu/Zn/Fe - Weight loss - Dehydration
TJC requires screenings within 48hrs
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
10. What is Pureed Diet?
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
Pureed - Mechanically altered - Advanced
Food allergy diet - Common: nuts - eggs - cow's milk - shellfish - wheat - Gluten-restricted diet - Celiac disease (malabsorption syndrome) - Omits wheat - rye - barley - oats - buckwheat - malt - Allows rice and corn - Lactose-restricted - Primary i
Provides essential nutrients in blenderized form - Clients who are unable to chew or swallow - Can be used long-term
11. Imbalance of nutrients
Low serum vitamin levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress
12. What is Fat-Controlled Diet?
TJC requires screenings within 48hrs
Potential to become malnourished
Management of malabsorption - chronic pancreatitis - gallbladder disease - Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) utilized with high intake of CHO and protein - Easy to digest - Restricts - High fat - additional fat in cooking - Enzyme replacement may be
Allows body to heal -To prepare diagnostic test -To prepare Surgical Procedure
13. What is Protein-Controlled Diet?
Renal disease or liver disease - Limit protein - Limit potassium - phosphorus - Sodium and Fluid restrictions - Emphasizes high biologic value - Minimum level of CHOs needed to spare protein
Low serum mineral levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake - Celiac disease - SBS - IBD
Socioeconomic status -comorbid disease states -Age adults: =< 75 children<5 PHYSICAL -stress and trauma- metabolic demands -mechanical ventilation-unable to eat -therapeutic bowel rest
High AST/GGT - Blood ETOH - diet hx of > 2 drinks/day - liver dx
14. What is 'Diet as Tolerated'?
15. What is Dysphagia? What are some of the acute/progressive causes?
16. Excessive intake
Inadequate Intake
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration
Pureed - Mechanically altered - Advanced
High liver enzymes - Constipation - Diarrhea - CV changes - High intake of supplements/plant foods
17. Inadequate intake
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress
Diet hx of low plant food intake
Provides essential nutrients in blenderized form - Clients who are unable to chew or swallow - Can be used long-term
Height/length -Weight -BMI -Body Measures (skin fold thickness)
18. What are the confirmations of tube placement?
Prevents aspiration - Thickener added to liquids to created required thickness - Nectar/Syrup thick - Consistency of heavy syrup in canned fruit - Least restrictive - Cream based soups and most nutritional supplements - Honey thick - Consistency of h
Carbohydrate - Dextrose solutions - Available in initial concentrations of 5% to 70% - Mixed with amino acids and other nutrients to form the final solution - Protein - Mixture of essential and nonessential crystalline amino acids - Available wi
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration
Technical complications - Pneumothorax - Septic complications - Local or systemic - Metabolic complications - Most common complication - Most common is hyperglycemia
19. Predicted excessive energy intake
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
20. What are the IV lipid emulsions for Parenteral Nutriton Solution?
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver
High AST/GGT - Blood ETOH - diet hx of > 2 drinks/day - liver dx
Low chol - alb - prealb - elytes/minerals - vitamins - Weight loss - Low BMI - Diet hx of low intake - fever - dx: Crohn's - AIDS - burns
21. Excessive fluid intake
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
Patients who have difficulty chewing or swallowing food - Goal is to provide a diet that meets nutritional needs and prevents aspiration - Causes of dysphagia - Acute: CVA - seizure - trauma - surgery - anoxia - Progressive: dementia - Parkinson's -
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN
GI problems - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Cramping - Distention - Constipation - Mechanical complications - Tube displacement - Tube obstruction - Pulmonary aspiration - Mucosal damage
22. What are the assessments for Enteral Feedings?
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit
Assessment - Residuals - Weight - Lung sounds - Edema - I & O - Blood glucose monitoring - Blood chemistry
Kcal count -24 hr recall -Food records
23. What is the classifications of BMI and numbers?
Potential to become malnourished
Individualized diets based on swallowing ability and food preference - Evaluate ability to swallow solids and liquids: often done by speech therapist who can also aid in teaching the patient swallowing techniques - Features of food to consider and mo
Underweight-bmi<18.5 normal- 18.5-24.9 overweight-25.0-29.9 obese- bmi>30
Assessment - Residuals - Weight - Lung sounds - Edema - I & O - Blood glucose monitoring - Blood chemistry
24. Excessive alcohol intake
Common for this diet to be ordered postoperatively - Permits patient's preferences and situations to be taken into consideration - Also allows for postoperative diet progression at the patient's tolerance
Monitor patient's nutritional status - Monitor I&O - Fluid balance - lung sounds - s/s dehydration - etc. - Monitor IV - Change solution bag every 24 hours to decrease infection rate - CVC dressing change q 72 hours - Monitor Blood Chemistry - Fluid
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat
High AST/GGT - Blood ETOH - diet hx of > 2 drinks/day - liver dx
25. What are the thickened liquids?
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml
Socioeconomic status -comorbid disease states -Age adults: =< 75 children<5 PHYSICAL -stress and trauma- metabolic demands -mechanical ventilation-unable to eat -therapeutic bowel rest
Prevents aspiration - Thickener added to liquids to created required thickness - Nectar/Syrup thick - Consistency of heavy syrup in canned fruit - Least restrictive - Cream based soups and most nutritional supplements - Honey thick - Consistency of h
26. What are some other Restricted Diets?
27. What are the complications of Parenteral Nutrition?
Method of feeding clients who do not have a functioning GI tract - Clinical disease (malabsorption) - surgical intervention - trauma/stress - malignancies - Energy and nutrients provided intravenously - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - Infused into
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration
Technical complications - Pneumothorax - Septic complications - Local or systemic - Metabolic complications - Most common complication - Most common is hyperglycemia
Pureed - Mechanically altered - Advanced
28. What are Dysphagia 'warning signs'?
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat
High BUN - High BGL - High liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema
Foods that are easy to chew - digest - and absorb - Used during transition from liquid diets to regular or general diets - Foods low in fiber - Only lightly seasoned - Not appropriate for patients requiring mechanical soft diets
29. Why are dietary adjustments sometimes necessary?
Allows body to heal -To prepare diagnostic test -To prepare Surgical Procedure
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
Caused by disease
30. Symptoms of Intakes - Increased energy expenditure
Designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status in those who do not require modified or therapeutic diets - Used to promote health and reduce risks for developing chronic diet-related diseases
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
Low serum vitamin levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake
Weight loss (5% in 1 month; 10% in 6 months) - Increased activity - dx: Parkinsons - cerebral palsy - dementia
31. Excessive energy intake
Anthropometric data -Clinical data -Dietary intake assessment
Biochemical parameters indicating suboptimal nutrient intake - Estimated intake less than needs - Cultural or religious practices - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance
Weight gain - Diet hx of energy dense food intake
32. Excessive parenteral nutrition infusion
Pureed - Mechanically altered - Advanced
Provides essential nutrients in blenderized form - Clients who are unable to chew or swallow - Can be used long-term
Weight gain - Diet hx of energy dense food intake
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
33. Inadequate protein intake
Diet hx of low fiber intake - Constipation/low stool volume
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat
Diet hx of low intake
Prevents aspiration - Thickener added to liquids to created required thickness - Nectar/Syrup thick - Consistency of heavy syrup in canned fruit - Least restrictive - Cream based soups and most nutritional supplements - Honey thick - Consistency of h
34. How long does TJC require resident screenings to be done during admission?
Used when patient has functioning GI tract - Used when patients unable to orally consume adequate nutrients and kcal - Preferred over parenteral nutrition - Physiologically beneficial in maintaining the integrity and function of the gut - Short-term
TJC requires screenings within 48hrs
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output
14 days of admission
35. Inadequate carbohydrate intake
36. What is Full-Liquid Diet?
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used
Low HDL - High TSH - High Mg - High PO4 - Diet hx of xs intake - Liver damage - GI distress
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress
37. What are some swallowing aids?
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Encourage patient to think/talk about food before meals - Can help stimulate flow of saliva - Aids in formation of bolus - Chewing and swallowing process - Tart or sour foods - Stimulate saliva production - Have patient lick jelly from the lips - puc
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH
38. Inadequate oral food/ beverage intake
Regular diet with attention to texture - Consistency of food can be varied according to the patient's ability to chew and swallow - Foods chopped - ground - mashed - or pureed - Patient's needs should be evaluated - Modifying consistency according to
Diet hx of low fiber intake - Constipation/low stool volume
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
39. How do you feed patients with Dysphagia?
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output
Patients who have difficulty chewing or swallowing food - Goal is to provide a diet that meets nutritional needs and prevents aspiration - Causes of dysphagia - Acute: CVA - seizure - trauma - surgery - anoxia - Progressive: dementia - Parkinson's -
Monitor patient's nutritional status - Monitor I&O - Fluid balance - lung sounds - s/s dehydration - etc. - Monitor IV - Change solution bag every 24 hours to decrease infection rate - CVC dressing change q 72 hours - Monitor Blood Chemistry - Fluid
Pudding Thick - Consistency of applesauce or smooth mashed potatoes - Most restrictive - Used with severe levels of dysphagia in which oral intake is still allowed - May require IV hydration - Necessary to closely monitor fluid intake to prevent dehy
40. Excessive vitamin intake
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
>Moderate nutritional risk: transition from restrictive therapeutic to regular dietary intake >High Nutritional Risk: -Parenteral feeding -Tube Feeding -NPO -Clear liquids for more than 3 days
High serum vit. A -D -K - B6 - niacin - Physical signs of excess - Diet hx
41. Predicted suboptimal energy intake
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
Underweight-bmi<18.5 normal- 18.5-24.9 overweight-25.0-29.9 obese- bmi>30
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
Inadequate Intake
42. Inappropriate intake of types of carbohydrates
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
Serum Albumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 3.5-5 g/dl 2.8-3.5- compromised protein status <2.4- possible protein malnutrition
Food allergy diet - Common: nuts - eggs - cow's milk - shellfish - wheat - Gluten-restricted diet - Celiac disease (malabsorption syndrome) - Omits wheat - rye - barley - oats - buckwheat - malt - Allows rice and corn - Lactose-restricted - Primary i
Potential to become malnourished
43. Inadequate protein-energy intake
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
Weight loss (5% in 1 month; 10% in 6 months) - Increased activity - dx: Parkinsons - cerebral palsy - dementia
Potential to become malnourished
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress
44. What is Low-Residue Diet?
Regular diet with attention to texture - Consistency of food can be varied according to the patient's ability to chew and swallow - Foods chopped - ground - mashed - or pureed - Patient's needs should be evaluated - Modifying consistency according to
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver
45. What is Soft Diet?
Kcal count -24 hr recall -Food records
Foods that are easy to chew - digest - and absorb - Used during transition from liquid diets to regular or general diets - Foods low in fiber - Only lightly seasoned - Not appropriate for patients requiring mechanical soft diets
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
46. What is Regular/General Diet?
High BUN - High BGL - High liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema
Abnormal liver enzymes - Fatty liver - Weight gain/loss - Edema
Designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status in those who do not require modified or therapeutic diets - Used to promote health and reduce risks for developing chronic diet-related diseases
High serum vit. A -D -K - B6 - niacin - Physical signs of excess - Diet hx
47. Decreased nutrient needs
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Based on - Patient's digestive and absorptive capabilities - Metabolic requirements - Need for fluid restriction - Done in conjunction with dietician who will calculate patients individual nutritional need and develop plan to initiate feedings
High liver enzymes - Constipation - Diarrhea - CV changes - High intake of supplements/plant foods
48. What is Enteral Nutrition based on?
49. Inadequate vitamin intake
Patients who have difficulty chewing or swallowing food - Goal is to provide a diet that meets nutritional needs and prevents aspiration - Causes of dysphagia - Acute: CVA - seizure - trauma - surgery - anoxia - Progressive: dementia - Parkinson's -
Low serum vitamin levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake
High AST/GGT - Blood ETOH - diet hx of > 2 drinks/day - liver dx
Poor nutrition prevents or delays recovery from injury.
50. What is Secondary Nutrition Risk?
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance
High/low BGL - Meds - Insulin use -
Caused by disease
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress