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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Respiration
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First stage of glucose catabolism that is a series of reactions that lead to the oxidative breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate - the production of ATP - and the reduction of NAD+ into NADH and occurs in cytoplasm
Glycolysis
Proteins
Exhalation
Glycolysis vs. cell respiration
2. Converts the energy of the sun into the chemical energy of bonds in comopunds such as glucose
Aerobic conditions
Photosynthesis
Electron Transport Chain
Internal Respiration
3. Glycolysis yields 2 ATP/glucose -cell respiration yields 36-38 ATP
Carbohydrates
Inhalation
Glycolysis vs. cell respiration
Dehydrogenation
4. Mucus secreted by cells on the external surface of the earthworm's body provides a moist surface for gaseous exchange by diffusion
Respiration in Protozoa and Hydra
Alcohol Fermentation
Pyruvate
Respiration in Annelids
5. Degraded only wen not enough carbohydrate or fat is available
Glycolysis vs. cell respiration
Pyruvate
Fats
Proteins
6. Every cell is in contact with the external environment (water) - and respiratory gases can be exchanged between the cell and the environment by simple diffusion through the cell membrane
Pyruvate
Alveol
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Respiration in Protozoa and Hydra
7. Occurs in certain fungi and bacteria and in human muscle cells during strenuous activity -glycolysis is regenerated when pyruvte is reduced
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcohol Fermentation
Dehydrogenation
Fats
8. Organ whose rhythmic discharges stimulate the intercostal muscles or the diaphragm to contract
Alveol
Electron Transport Chain
Medulla Oblongata
Alternative Energy Sources
9. Removes an ammonia molecule directly from the amino acid
Carbohydrates
Oxidative Deamination
Ammonia
Pyruvate
10. Diaphragm contracts and flattens - and the external intercostal muscles contract - pushing the rib cage and chest wall up and out
Cytochromes
Photosynthesis
Inhalation
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
11. Stored in adipose tissue in the form of triglyceride -must be activated in the cytoplasm; this process requires two ATP -transported into the mitochondrion and taken through a series of beta-oxidation cycles that convert it into two- carbon fragments
Respiration in Arthropod Phylum
Pyruvate
Fats
Ammonia
12. Reductions occur in a series of these steps
Pyruvate Decarboxylation
Carbohydrates
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
Electron Transport Chain
13. Air filled sacs at the terminals of the airway branches
Respiration in Humans
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Alveol
Lactic Acid Fermentation
14. When amino acids lose an amino group to form an a-keto acid
Anaerobic Conditions
Transamination Reaction
Glycolysis vs. cell respiration
Respiration
15. Toxic substance in vertebrates
Respiration
Cytochromes
Dehydrogenation
Ammonia
16. Complex carrier mechanism located on the inside of the inner mitochondrial membrane -During oxidative phosphorylation - ATP is produced when high-energy potential electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen by a series of carrier molecule
Alternative Energy Sources
Respiration
Electron Transport Chain
Lactic Acid Fermentation
17. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; NAD+ is reduced to NAD
Pyruvate Decarboxylation
External Respiration
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
Pyruvate
18. Isomerized into PGAL (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) so that it can be used in subsequent reactions
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
Pyruvate
Fuel
Electron Transport Chain
19. Regulated by neurons located in the medulla oblongata
Dehydrogenation
Ventilation
Pyruvate Decarboxylation
Electron Transport Chain
20. Cycle begins when the two carbon acetyl group from acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate - a four-carbon molecule - to form the six carbon citrate -For each turn - one ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation via a GTP intermediate (e- are
Anaerobic Conditions
Respiration
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
Carbohydrates
21. Generally a passive process where the lungs and chest wall are highly elastic and tend to recoil to their original positions after inhalation
Respiration in Arthropod Phylum
Cytochromes
Internal Respiration
Exhalation
22. Pyruvate is further oxidized during cell respiration in the mitochondria in the presence of oxygen
Proteins
Aerobic conditions
Alternative Energy Sources
Oxidative Phosphorylation
23. The conversion of the chemical energy in these bonds into the usable energy needed to drive the processes of living cells
Fuel
Respiration in Protozoa and Hydra
Respiration
Transamination Reaction
24. Degradation of one glucose molecules yields a net of two ATP from glycolysis and one ATP for each turn of the Krebs cycle. thus - a total of four ATP are produced by substrate level phosphorylation
Electron Transport Chain
Respiration in Humans
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Respiration in Annelids
25. The ionized form of pyruvic acid
Respiration in Arthropod Phylum
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Transamination Reaction
Pyruvate
26. Aerobic process; oxygen acts as the final acceptor of electrons that are passed from carrier to carrier during the final stage of glucose oxidation -can be divided into three stages: pyruvate decarboxylation - the citric acid cycle - and the electron
Respiration
Ventilation
Cellular Respiration
Respiration in Humans
27. Oxidation reaction that - during respiration - high-energy hydrogen atoms are removed from organic molecules
Dehydrogenation
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Respiration in Annelids
Glycolysis vs. cell respiration
28. Air enters the lungs after traveling througha series of respiratory airways -gas exchange between the lungs and the circulatory system occurs across the very thin walls of the alveol -primary function is to provide the necessary energy for growth - m
Medulla Oblongata
Photosynthesis
Respiration in Humans
Ventilation
29. In living cells - carbohydrates and fats
Internal Respiration
Fuel
Proteins
Alveol
30. Trachaea open to the surface in openings called spiracles which permits the intake - distribution - and removal of respiratory gases directly between the air and the body cells by diffusion
Electron Transport Chain
Respiration in Arthropod Phylum
Glycolysis vs. cell respiration
Internal Respiration
31. These sources are used by the body in the following preferential order: other carbohydrates - fats - and proteins
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
Alternative Energy Sources
Medulla Oblongata
32. The exchange of gas exchange between the blood and the cells and the intracellular processes of respiration
Alternative Energy Sources
Ammonia
Internal Respiration
Glycolysis vs. cell respiration
33. Refers to all of the reactions involved in this process (i.e. - glycolysis and the additional steps leading to the formation of ethanol or lactic acid) and only produces only two ATP per glucose molecule
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
Fermentation
Glycolysis
34. Electron carriers that resemble hemoglobin in the structure of their active site
Cytochromes
Proteins
External Respiration
Glycolysis
35. Occurs only in yeast and some bacteria -the pyruvate produced in glycolysis is converted to ethanol -NAD+ is regenerated and glycolysis can continue
Alcohol Fermentation
Respiration in Annelids
Cellular Respiration
Proteins
36. Pyruvate is reduced during the process of fermentation in the absence of oxygen
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcohol Fermentation
Electron Transport Chain
Anaerobic Conditions
37. Disaccharides are hydrolyzed into monosaccharides - most of which can be converted into glucose or glycolytic intermediates
Carbohydrates
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
38. ATP synthesis is directly coupled with the degradation of glucose without the participation of an intermediate molecule such as NAD+
Ventilation
Cytochromes
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Medulla Oblongata
39. The entrance of air into the lungs and the gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
External Respiration
Respiration in Humans
Respiration
40. The process that produces more than 90% of the ATP used by the cells in our body
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Ammonia
Fats
Respiration