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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pulls fluid into capillary
Auscultation location of mitral area
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Torsades de Pointes
2. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Mitral stenosis
3. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes
Torsades de Pointes
Tricuspid Regurgitation
T wave inversion on EKG
3rd degree complete AV block
4. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Aortic Stenosis
T wave inversion on EKG
5. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)
Ventricular septal defect
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Aortic Stenosis
Mitral prolapse
6. Indicates recent MI
Aortic Stenosis
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
T wave inversion on EKG
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
7. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Torsades de Pointes
Patent ductus arteriosus
3rd degree complete AV block
8. Radius to the 4th power
Auscultation location of mitral area
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
S1
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
9. 3rd degree
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Aortic regurgitation
Phase 4 of nodal AP
10. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Fixed S2 splitting
Auscultation location of aortic area
11. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
3rd degree complete AV block
A fib on EKG
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
12. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)
Net filtration pressure
Mitral Regurgitation
Fick principle
Torsades de Pointes
13. Resting potential due to high K permeability
Common causes of edema
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Paradoxical S2 splitting
14. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Torsades de Pointes
15. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Normal S2 splitting
Patent ductus arteriosus
16. Pull fluid out of capillary
Wide S2 splitting
Mitral prolapse
A fib on EKG
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
17. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction
Patent ductus arteriosus
S2
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Torsades de Pointes
18. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
U wave on EKG
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
19. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Mitral stenosis
A flutter on EKG
Common causes of edema
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
20. Prolonged PR interval
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Common causes of edema
Phase 2 of nodal AP
1st degree AV block on EKG
21. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Mitral Regurgitation
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
22. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line
Wide S2 splitting
A flutter on EKG
Auscultation location of mitral area
Resistance is directly proportional to...
23. Pushes fluid out of capillary
T wave inversion on EKG
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
S4
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
24. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
S3
3rd degree complete AV block
Phase 3 of nodal AP
25. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Fick principle
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
26. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
1st degree AV block on EKG
Phase 0 of nodal AP
27. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border
Auscultation location of aortic area
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Mitral prolapse
Aortic Stenosis
28. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Normal S2 splitting
Common causes of edema
29. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation
S3
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral prolapse
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
30. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Torsades de Pointes
31. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
1st degree AV block on EKG
S4
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
32. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening
Mitral Regurgitation
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Aortic regurgitation
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
33. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Aortic Stenosis
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Fixed S2 splitting
34. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)
Auscultation location of aortic area
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
T wave inversion on EKG
Tricuspid Regurgitation
35. Pushes fluid into capillary
Normal S2 splitting
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Ventricular septal defect
36. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)
Mitral prolapse
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
S3
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
37. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)
U wave on EKG
S4
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
38. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Torsades de Pointes
Paradoxical S2 splitting
S2
39. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure
Phase 4 of nodal AP
S1
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Patent ductus arteriosus
40. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Common causes of edema
Phase 0 of nodal AP
41. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia
U wave on EKG
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Resistance is directly proportional to...
42. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Fixed S2 splitting
Wide S2 splitting
43. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
44. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance
Normal S2 splitting
A flutter on EKG
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Paradoxical S2 splitting
45. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
1st degree AV block on EKG
Net filtration pressure
Wide S2 splitting
46. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)
T wave inversion on EKG
A fib on EKG
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
47. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting
Patent ductus arteriosus
1st degree AV block on EKG
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
48. 4th rib at left sternal border
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
49. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib
Ventricular septal defect
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Phase 2 of nodal AP
S1
50. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
A fib on EKG
S2