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Comptia Security +: Vocab

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Being able to control access to individuals very specifically - instead of lower in the OSI model where you cant set it so specifically






2. This is the file on a UNIX system where usernames to password MD5 hash outputs are stored. The system uses this file to determine if the password entered for a given username is correct.






3. Methodical process of finding and reducing the number of bugs - or defects - in a computer program or a piece of electronic hardware thus making it behave as expected






4. An attack which results in an unauthorized state change - such as the manipulation of files - or the adding of unauthorized files.






5. A team of individuals at the highest level of organizational management who have the day-to-day responsibilities of managing a corporation. And don't forget - they are always the ones ultimately responsible for due diligence / due care. They are also






6. Countermeasures / safeguards fall into these categories. Detective measures detect - preventive measures prevent - and corrective measures correct.






7. This factor represents a measure of the magnitude of loss or impact on the value of an asset.






8. The illegal practice of stealing money repeatedly in extremely small quantities - usually by taking advantage of rounding to the nearest cent (or other monetary unit) in financial transactions. Salami slicing is most often performed by employees of t






9. In a separation of duties model - this is where code is checked in and out






10. A site that is ready and available within minutes or hours to continue processing. This is a site that is fully configured and ready to go.






11. Hardware - software - and firmware elements of a TCB that implement the fundamental security procedures for controlling access to system resources






12. Defines the objects and their attributes that exist in a database.






13. Also civil law






14. Making individuals accountable for their actions on a system typically through the use of auditing






15. A formula - practice - process - design - instrument - pattern - or compilation of information used by a business to obtain an advantage over competitors within the same industry or profession.






16. Diffie-Hellman (D-H) key exchange is a cryptographic protocol which allows two parties that have no prior knowledge of each other to jointly establish a shared secret key over an insecure communications channel. This key can then be used to encrypt s






17. In cryptography - a substitution cipher is a method of encryption by which units of plaintext are substituted with ciphertext according to a regular system; the 'units' may be single letters (the most common) - pairs of letters - triplets of letters






18. An AAA (Authentication - Authorization - and Accounting) protocol for applications such as network access or IP mobility. It is intended to work in both local and roaming situations.






19. Technical are IT implemented. Administrative items are things that HR implements. Physical things are things that are tangible.






20. Using ICMP to diagram a network






21. A hash function (or hash algorithm) is a way of creating a small digital 'fingerprint' from any kind of data. The function chops and mixes the data to create the fingerprint - often called a hash value. The hash value is commonly represented as a sho






22. Internet Relay Chat.






23. A little piece of information that is put on your computer to allow communications with the server and that also allow some servers to track everything you go to on the Internet






24. A legal term used to describe an out-of-court statement offered to establish the truth of the facts asserted in that statement. Hearsay is generally not admissible in common law courts because it is of dubious value - but there are many exceptions to






25. Dialing fixed sets telephone numbers looking for open modem connections to machines






26. Access control method for database based on the content of the database to provide granular access






27. Separation of duties (SoD) is the concept of having more than one person required to complete a task.






28. A simple authentication protocol used to authenticate a user to a remote access server or Internet service provider (ISP). Almost all NOS remote servers support PAP. PAP transmits unencrypted ASCII passwords over the network and is therefore consider






29. Same as a block cipher except that it is applied to a data stream one bit at a time






30. These can be used to verify that public keys belong to certain individuals.






31. The EU spec. If databases exist - users are allowed to check data into them - allowed to change them if wrong - etc.






32. Software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system - without the owner's consent.






33. When you know something from a source - and can infer other related information based off of what you know - when you may not necessarily have access to that data normally.






34. Demilitarized Zone. A part of the network that is neither part of the internal network nor directly part of the Internet. Basically a network sitting between two networks.






35. RFC 1918 defined the following addresses as the private addressing ranges: 192.168.x.x - 10.x.x.x - 172.16.x.x - 172.31.x.x






36. Rolling command center with UPS - satellite - uplink - power - etc.






37. Network devices that operate at layer 3. This device separates broadcast domains.






38. Base 64 is a positional numeral system using a base of 64. It is the largest power of two base that can be represented using only printable ASCII characters. This has led to its use as a transfer encoding for e-mail among other things.






39. In cryptanalysis and computer security - this attack is a technique for defeating a cipher or authentication mechanism by trying to determine its decryption key or passphrase by searching a large number of possibilities. In contrast with a brute forc






40. When security is managed at many different points in an organization






41. More discriminate than dogs






42. In cryptography - it is a block cipher






43. In computer security and programming - it is an anomalous condition where a process attempts to store data beyond the boundaries of a buffer. The result is that the extra data overwrites adjacent memory locations. The overwritten data may include oth






44. Federal law with many aspects designed to curb terrorist activities; impacts real estate transactions because of disclosure requirements imposed on escrow agents regarding transfer of title and deposits of cash; imposes new disclosure and signature r






45. a.k.a. The Chinese wall. Nash Bridges - Bridge wall - Chinese wall. Dynamically changes access control to prevent unauthorized access.






46. Refers to the formal acceptance by organization executive management that they accept the residual risk associated with using a formally certified information system.






47. Issued by the United States National Computer Security Center (NCSC - an arm of the NSA) as 'Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria' - a DOD standard 5200.23-STD in December 1985 superseding CSC-STD-001-83 - the TCSEC (frequently referred to as






48. A self-replicating computer program - similar to a computer virus. A virus attaches itself to - and becomes part of - another executable program; however - a worm is self-contained and does not need to be part of another program to propagate itself.






49. Jumping into dumpsters to retrieve information about someone/something/a company






50. This deals with differences between plaintext password storage and transmission - versus encrypted password storage and transmission.