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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does the default organization of the filesystem allow users to safely share local files and folder?
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.

2. Path
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
Too many to list. Hehe.
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem

3. How does Boot Camp work?
May cause data corruption
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.

4. Security risks & account types
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Parental controls
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files

5. What shared items are accessible to any user who connects via FTP?
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.

6. Where are preferences stored? What format is generally used?
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
cat - less
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.

7. How do you further resolve and issue that disappears when the Mac successfully safe-boots?
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.

8. Relative path
based on the user's current location
Hold down shift on startup
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at

9. What happens during user log-out?
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul

10. What are five common directory services and authentication services troubleshooting techniques?
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD

11. What is target disk mode and how is it engaged?
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD

12. What does Mac OS X use bundles or packages for?
Parental controls
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.

13. How do you share printers with other Mac and Windows users?
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage

14. 3 Default items in CLI prompt
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
computer hostname - working directory - user account

15. Which two commands can read text files?
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites
cat - less
Too many to list. Hehe.

16. Account attributes
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location

17. How do you provide Mac OS X web-sharing services?
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM

18. What are four common issues that can interrupt network services on a Mac OS X computer?
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on

19. How is Disk utility's verify and repair feature used?
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.

20. What client-sharing services can Mac OS X provide?
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing

21. How does resetting the master filevault password affect existing filevault user accounts?
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.

22. What type of files are omitted from time machine backups?
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Full directions to a specific item
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
Client software is used to access services provided by a server

23. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.

24. How can you identify the type of a particular application?
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
Parental controls

25. How can you identify the MAC Addresses for all of the Mac's network interfaces?
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
Info pane in Network Utility
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.

26. What network services are provided by your Mac to facilitate Internet sharing? What options are available for Internet sharing your Mac's AirPort wireless Ethernet interface?
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.

27. What backup destinations does Time Machine support?
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on

28. What are they advantages of code-signing?
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.

29. What does iSync do?
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.

30. What password issues may arise related to the SMB service?
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.

31. How does the system determine what app to use to open a file?
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.

32. What process or processes are responsible for dashboard widgets?
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler

33. What items are automatically started by system launchd during the system initialization process?
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.

34. What is the safe boot keyboard combo?
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
Parental controls
Hold down shift on startup

35. Folder/directories
Describe containers in the file system
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage

36. How does the Finder's secure empty trash work?
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
It does a 7-pass erase.
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.

37. What are the three primary steps for setting up bootcamp?
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.

38. What is a device driver? What three primary types of device drivers are there?
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.

39. Default install packages
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn

40. How does resetting a user's password as an admin user affect their keychain?
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.

41. What is a Kerberos Ticket and KDC?
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files

42. What five network file services can you connect to from the Finder's Connect To Server dialog?
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
To run commands as the root user
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.

43. How can you limit a user account?
computer hostname - working directory - user account
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Parental controls

44. What is the purpose of IP addresses and subnet masks? What is their format?
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos

45. What is the difference between launch daemons - startup items - launch agents - and login items?
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.

46. Why is time machine bad at backing up large databases?
Applications - Library - System - Users
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.

47. What does a keychain do?
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.

48. Min hardware requirements for 10.6
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.

49. Default 9 home folder folders?
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.

50. Where does spotlight store its metadata index databases? How about the plugins?
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
Applications - Library - System - Users

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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

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