ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Five types of accounts in 10.6
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.


2. What is a Kerberos Ticket and KDC?

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3. What client-sharing services can Mac OS X provide?
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.


4. What are they advantages of code-signing?
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Finder get info - command line run ls -l


5. Why is time machine bad at backing up large databases?
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Info pane in Network Utility
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.


6. What interfaces and protocols are supported by default in in Mac OS X?
Too many to list. Hehe.
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen


7. Min hardware requirements for 10.6
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
ls
Full directions to a specific item


8. How are items inside the Finder's Network folder populated?
System Profiler
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.


9. What password issues may arise related to the SMB service?

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10. What is protected memory? What is 64 bit memory addressing?
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
Full directions to a specific item
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.


11. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X

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12. Account attributes
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
System Profiler
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
It does a 7-pass erase.


13. What 3 types of resource contention issues can occur when fast user switching is enabled?
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
Parental controls


14. What 4 methods can be used to eject a volume from the finder?
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d


15. How can you identify the MAC Addresses for all of the Mac's network interfaces?
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
Info pane in Network Utility
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.


16. Three minium requirements for creating a command line script
computer hostname - working directory - user account
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution


17. What role does loginwindow serve in system start-up?
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.


18. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
System Profiler


19. How does Mac OS X's built-in firewall work? What advanced firewall settings are available?
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.


20. 6 Reasons to use the CLI
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.


21. How is the DOmain Name Service used to facilitate network naming?
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.


22. What happens during user log-out?

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23. What are four advantages of using network directory services to store account information?
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location


24. What do the terms interface - protocol - and service mean in relation to computer networks?
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s


25. What process or processes are responsible for dashboard widgets?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.


26. What are some known issues that arise when connecting to network file services?
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.


27. What role does system launchd play in the system start-up?
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.


28. What five network file services can you connect to from the Finder's Connect To Server dialog?
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?


29. What are the primary system initialization stages and user environment stages in Mac OS X and what order do they start?
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root


30. How does the Finder's secure empty trash work?
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
It does a 7-pass erase.
ls


31. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
Users' public folders
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS


32. What are seven common types of resources Mac OS X can access from a directory service?
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.


33. Four prep steps before installing
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on


34. What are five application environments supported by Mac OS X and what are they used for?
Users' public folders
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.


35. What does a keychain do?
It does a 7-pass erase.
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.


36. How does resetting a user's password as an admin user affect their keychain?
cat - less
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
System Profiler
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files


37. How do you provide Mac OS X web-sharing services?
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility


38. What are resource forks and why have they fallen out of favor?

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39. What is the difference between safe boot - safe mode - and safe login?
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data


40. How do Mac OS X computers acquire and use link-local TCP/IP addresses?

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41. How do you identify ownership and permissions of a file or folder in the Finder? In the command line?
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Too many to list. Hehe.
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences


42. How does the system determine what app to use to open a file?
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
System Profiler


43. How is Disk utility's verify and repair feature used?

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44. Default 9 home folder folders?
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.


45. What are four common issues that can interrupt network services on a Mac OS X computer?
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.


46. Which two commands can read text files?
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.
cat - less


47. What is a device driver? What three primary types of device drivers are there?
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen


48. What two methods can be used to hide items from the Finder?
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.


49. What are some common file flags and extended attributes used by Mac OS X?
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD


50. How does network service order affect network connectivity?
Too many to list. Hehe.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
It does a 7-pass erase.
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.