Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the device classes used by Mac OS X to categorize peripherals? What are some examples of each class?
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.


2. How does the spotlight search service use metadata?
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.


3. What is a directory as it relates to directory services?
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).


4. What network services are provided by your Mac to facilitate Internet sharing? What options are available for Internet sharing your Mac's AirPort wireless Ethernet interface?
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.


5. What three common unix commands support Mac filesystem metadata?
cp - mv - rm
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.


6. How does the default organization of the filesystem allow users to safely share local files and folder?
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
Describe containers in the file system
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.


7. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
System Profiler
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.


8. Locate system version - build number - serial number location
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at


9. How does network service order affect network connectivity?
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.


10. How does resetting the master filevault password affect existing filevault user accounts?
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn


11. How does the IP transfer messages between computers on a WAN?

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12. What is target disk mode and how is it engaged?
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.


13. 6 Reasons to use the CLI
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.


14. What does iSync do?
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.


15. What five network file services can you connect to from the Finder's Connect To Server dialog?
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV


16. Path
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
cp - mv - rm
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.


17. What client-sharing services can Mac OS X provide?
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing


18. Where does spotlight store its metadata index databases? How about the plugins?

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19. 3 Default items in CLI prompt
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
computer hostname - working directory - user account


20. How can you limit a user account?
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
Parental controls
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.


21. How does the IP addresses use the MAC address to send messages between computers on a LAN?

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22. Which two commands can read text files?
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
cat - less
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files


23. What are five common directory services and authentication services troubleshooting techniques?
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files


24. How does the system determine what app to use to open a file?
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.


25. What is the relationship between a network service and a network port?
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on


26. What is the purpose of IP addresses and subnet masks? What is their format?
command - options - arguments
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Parental controls


27. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing


28. What role does loginwindow serve in system start-up?
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Too many to list. Hehe.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.


29. What items are shared by default to all users?

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30. Security risks & account types
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD


31. Utilities available from OS X install DVD
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d


32. 3 Main components of a typical command
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
command - options - arguments
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Client software is used to access services provided by a server


33. How does file system journaling work?
Nothing.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.


34. What are the three primary steps for setting up bootcamp?
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.


35. What two methods can be used to hide items from the Finder?
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
Nothing.
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem


36. How do Mac OS X computers acquire and use link-local TCP/IP addresses?

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37. What does Mac OS X use bundles or packages for?

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38. Why does the Finder hider certain folders at the root of the system volume?

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39. What role does system launchd play in the system start-up?
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.


40. What is the potential side effect of improperly unmounting or ejecting a volume?
based on the user's current location
May cause data corruption
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location


41. How does the firmware password help secure against password changes?
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.


42. Three minium requirements for creating a command line script
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.


43. What are three common authentication methods?
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos


44. What are some known issues that arise when connecting to network file services?
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.


45. What does the firmware do? What is the POST?

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46. What process or processes are responsible for dashboard widgets?
Hold down shift on startup
Info pane in Network Utility
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.


47. Four prep steps before installing
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.


48. Why is time machine bad at backing up large databases?
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.


49. Best command to list items in a folder?
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
ls
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen


50. What is protected memory? What is 64 bit memory addressing?
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.