Test your basic knowledge |

ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are some common file flags and extended attributes used by Mac OS X?
It does a 7-pass erase.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.

2. How does the IP addresses use the MAC address to send messages between computers on a LAN?

3. What is the relationship between a network service and a network port?
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul

4. What is the difference between launch daemons - startup items - launch agents - and login items?

5. Security risk with fast user switching?
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
Parental controls
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address

6. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
System Profiler
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display

7. How does the default organization of the filesystem allow users to safely share local files and folder?
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.

8. What are some known issues that arise when connecting to network file services?
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
It does a 7-pass erase.
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data

9. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
ls

10. How does resetting the master filevault password affect existing filevault user accounts?
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Parental controls
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.

11. How do you identify ownership and permissions of a file or folder in the Finder? In the command line?
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s

12. What are some security concerns with spotlight?
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
computer hostname - working directory - user account

13. What are the primary system initialization stages and user environment stages in Mac OS X and what order do they start?
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos

14. What are the four erase options in disk utility?

15. Where does spotlight store its metadata index databases? How about the plugins?

16. How does the spotlight search service use metadata?
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.

17. What is the purpose of IP addresses and subnet masks? What is their format?
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.

18. How can you identify the MAC Addresses for all of the Mac's network interfaces?
Info pane in Network Utility
To run commands as the root user
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler

19. What are the min sys req for BootCamp?
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.

20. What client-sharing services can Mac OS X provide?
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.

21. What is a directory as it relates to directory services?
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.

22. Where are preferences stored? What format is generally used?
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.

23. What are six common system resources? What purpose does each one serve and where are they located?
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility

24. Why is time machine bad at backing up large databases?
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.

25. What do the terms interface - protocol - and service mean in relation to computer networks?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.

26. What is the sticky bit?

27. What are five application environments supported by Mac OS X and what are they used for?
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)

28. Which two commands can read text files?
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
cat - less

29. What does a keychain do?
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH

30. What steps should you take when troubleshooting app issues?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue

31. What are four advantages of using network directory services to store account information?
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Too many to list. Hehe.
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.

32. What backup destinations does Time Machine support?
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.

33. What are the device classes used by Mac OS X to categorize peripherals? What are some examples of each class?
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.

34. How does the system determine what app to use to open a file?
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.
Users' public folders
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.

35. What does Mac OS X use bundles or packages for?

36. What is authentication and authorization?
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences

37. What are they advantages of code-signing?
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.

38. What is a device driver? What three primary types of device drivers are there?
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
computer hostname - working directory - user account
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar

39. What three methods can be used to select the start-up disk?
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.

40. What five network file services can you connect to from the Finder's Connect To Server dialog?
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files

41. Difference between disk drives - partition - and volume

42. How does file system journaling work?
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility

43. Default 9 home folder folders?
Hold down shift on startup
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.

44. 3 Default items in CLI prompt
Info pane in Network Utility
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
computer hostname - working directory - user account

45. How does Mac OS X use dynamic network discovery protocols to access network services?
Users' public folders
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.

46. How is Disk utility's verify and repair feature used?

47. In the network preferences - how can you tell which interface is currently being used for network activities?
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS

48. Path
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen

49. How does network service order affect network connectivity?
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul

50. What happens during user log-out?