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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Account attributes
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)

2. What five network file services can you connect to from the Finder's Connect To Server dialog?
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
based on the user's current location
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data

3. How can you identify the MAC Addresses for all of the Mac's network interfaces?
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
Info pane in Network Utility
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.

4. How does the spotlight search service use metadata?
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.
Users' public folders

5. What is the purpose of IP addresses and subnet masks? What is their format?
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH

6. Four methods to access CLI
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
Nothing.
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.

7. What items are automatically started by system launchd during the system initialization process?
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.

8. What happens during user log-out?
Nothing.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul

9. Why might a previously backed-up item no longer be available in Time Machine?
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
command - options - arguments

10. What are they advantages of code-signing?
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.

11. How does Mac OS X use dynamic network discovery protocols to access network services?
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d

12. What does CUPS do?
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.

13. What is a directory as it relates to directory services?
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
based on the user's current location

14. What items are not loaded when Mac OS X safe boots?
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
command - options - arguments
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.

15. Security risks & account types
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar

16. What are PPD files responsible for?
Applications - Library - System - Users
Parental controls
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.

17. How is the DOmain Name Service used to facilitate network naming?
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.

18. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.

19. Why does the Finder hider certain folders at the root of the system volume?
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.

20. 6 Reasons to use the CLI
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
System Profiler

21. How do you identify ownership and permissions of a file or folder in the Finder? In the command line?
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)

22. How does Time Machine maintain a backup history of the system?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S

23. How do you use disk utility to burn an optical disk?
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn

24. What are four common issues that can interrupt network services on a Mac OS X computer?
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.

25. How does resetting the master filevault password affect existing filevault user accounts?
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen

26. How do you share printers with other Mac and Windows users?
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.

27. Different between absolute and relative path
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM

28. What role does system launchd play in the system start-up?
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
Users' public folders
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.

29. 3 Main components of a typical command
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
command - options - arguments
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.

30. What are three common troubleshooting techniques for issues involving failure to connect to network services?
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
computer hostname - working directory - user account

31. What is sudo used for?
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
To run commands as the root user
Describe containers in the file system

32. What are the min sys req for BootCamp?
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.

33. How are the permissions on the shared folder set to allow local user sharing?
Info pane in Network Utility
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
ls
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.

34. What is the sticky bit?
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)

35. Two primary partition schemes for mac formatted drives?
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
Parental controls
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.

36. Folder/directories
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Describe containers in the file system
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.

37. 6 volumes supported by OS X
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
ls
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.

38. How can you limit a user account?
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
Parental controls
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites

39. What items are shared by default to all users?
Users' public folders
Hold down shift on startup
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image

40. What is the safe boot keyboard combo?
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
Hold down shift on startup
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root

41. What shared items are accessible to any user who connects via FTP?
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.

42. What is a Kerberos Ticket and KDC?
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)

43. Locate system version - build number - serial number location
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.

44. What are the visual or audible cues for each system initialization stage?
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu

45. What type of files are omitted from time machine backups?
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.

46. Three minium requirements for creating a command line script
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder

47. Utilities available from OS X install DVD
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.

48. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Too many to list. Hehe.
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.

49. Absolute path
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
Full directions to a specific item
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar

50. What does 'ignore volume ownership' do in the Finder?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu

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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

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