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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are some security concerns with spotlight?
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.

2. How do permissions in the Finder appear different than those in the terminal?
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files

3. What is the relationship between a network service and a network port?
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.

4. How does Mac OS X's built-in firewall work? What advanced firewall settings are available?
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
Info pane in Network Utility

5. What items are automatically started by system launchd during the system initialization process?
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing

6. How does the firmware password help secure against password changes?
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.

7. Five types of accounts in 10.6
computer hostname - working directory - user account
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage

8. How does resetting a user's password as an admin user affect their keychain?
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences

9. 6 Reasons to use the CLI
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD

10. What is a Kerberos Ticket and KDC?

11. How does resetting the master filevault password affect existing filevault user accounts?
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Applications - Library - System - Users

12. Security risks & account types
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.

13. In the network preferences - how can you tell which interface is currently being used for network activities?
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.

14. How are the permissions on the shared folder set to allow local user sharing?
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.

15. How does file-fault secure a user's data?
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image

16. What network services are provided by your Mac to facilitate Internet sharing? What options are available for Internet sharing your Mac's AirPort wireless Ethernet interface?
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn

17. Path
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.

18. How do you use disk utility to burn an optical disk?
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
System Profiler
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn

19. What are five common directory services and authentication services troubleshooting techniques?
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files

20. What are resource forks and why have they fallen out of favor?

21. What is the difference between launch daemons - startup items - launch agents - and login items?

22. Where are preferences stored? What format is generally used?
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Info pane in Network Utility
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage

23. Four methods to access CLI
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
Nothing.
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.

24. 6 volumes supported by OS X
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF

25. What shared items are accessible to an administrator who connects via AFP or SMB? What about a standard user?

26. What is protected memory? What is 64 bit memory addressing?
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image

27. What are the primary system initialization stages and user environment stages in Mac OS X and what order do they start?
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display

28. What are the differences between ZIP archives and Disk Images?
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
May cause data corruption
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.

29. How does the system determine what app to use to open a file?
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location

30. What is the purpose of IP addresses and subnet masks? What is their format?
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
Hold down shift on startup
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem

31. How does Time Machine maintain a backup history of the system?

32. What happens during system shutdown?
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.

33. What are four common issues that can interrupt network services on a Mac OS X computer?
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.

34. What is the difference between safe boot - safe mode - and safe login?
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
Nothing.
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.

35. What differentiates RAID 0 from RAID 1?
Info pane in Network Utility
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV

36. What five network file services can you connect to from the Finder's Connect To Server dialog?
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences

37. What are three common authentication methods?
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Hold down shift on startup
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.

38. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
System Profiler

39. What are some common file flags and extended attributes used by Mac OS X?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
cat - less
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.

40. How does the spotlight search service use metadata?
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Users' public folders
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
To run commands as the root user

41. What does CUPS do?
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
System Profiler

42. What role does loginwindow serve in system start-up?
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
Describe containers in the file system

43. Different between absolute and relative path
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
Users' public folders
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.

44. Three minium requirements for creating a command line script
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV

45. Folder/directories
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Describe containers in the file system
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.

46. Four prep steps before installing
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings

47. What type of files are omitted from time machine backups?
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image

48. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X

49. How is Disk utility's verify and repair feature used?

50. Security risk with fast user switching?
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
Describe containers in the file system
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)