Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does the IP addresses use the MAC address to send messages between computers on a LAN?

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2. What are five common directory services and authentication services troubleshooting techniques?
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.


3. Which two commands can read text files?
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
cat - less
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.


4. What system preference enables the accessibility features of OS X - what are they - and where are the preferences stored?
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD


5. What is the difference between safe boot - safe mode - and safe login?
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
Describe containers in the file system
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.


6. How does resetting the master filevault password affect existing filevault user accounts?
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.


7. How does resetting a user's password as an admin user affect their keychain?
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
cp - mv - rm


8. How do permissions in the Finder appear different than those in the terminal?
May cause data corruption
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.


9. What are the differences between ZIP archives and Disk Images?
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD


10. What is Rosetta and what types of items are not supported by Rosetta?
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
ls
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps


11. What role does loginwindow serve in system start-up?
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.


12. How does Mac OS X use dynamic network discovery protocols to access network services?
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files


13. What is the sticky bit?

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14. What four Directory Service types can used in Mac OS X?
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.


15. Where are preferences stored? What format is generally used?
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Hold down shift on startup
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.


16. What are some common file flags and extended attributes used by Mac OS X?
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH


17. What are they advantages of code-signing?
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.


18. How does the firmware password help secure against password changes?
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.


19. What are resource forks and why have they fallen out of favor?

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20. What does Mac OS X use bundles or packages for?

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21. How does file system journaling work?
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
command - options - arguments


22. How does the Finder's secure empty trash work?
May cause data corruption
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
It does a 7-pass erase.
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations


23. What is a device driver? What three primary types of device drivers are there?
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.


24. What password issues may arise related to the SMB service?

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25. What process or processes are responsible for dashboard widgets?
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.


26. What are the primary differences between local - network - and mobile accounts?
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Info pane in Network Utility
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.


27. How do kerberos and keychain system differ for managing authentication services?
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address


28. What items are shared by default to all users?

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29. How does network service order affect network connectivity?
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.


30. What is the relationship between a network service and a network port?
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
based on the user's current location
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.


31. What are some security concerns with spotlight?
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services


32. What is the purpose of IP addresses and subnet masks? What is their format?
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.


33. Difference between disk drives - partition - and volume

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34. What is the relationship between clients and servers as it relates to network service access?
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files


35. How are items inside the Finder's Network folder populated?
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.


36. Locate system version - build number - serial number location
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.


37. 3 Main components of a typical command
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
command - options - arguments
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.


38. What 4 methods can be used to eject a volume from the finder?
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
Users' public folders
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files


39. What are the min sys req for BootCamp?
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display


40. What does CUPS do?
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.


41. How does the IP transfer messages between computers on a WAN?

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42. What client-sharing services can Mac OS X provide?
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility


43. Why is the root of a user's home folder visible to others?
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.


44. What are some known issues that arise when connecting to network file services?
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.


45. How does the default organization of the filesystem allow users to safely share local files and folder?
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data


46. Path
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.


47. What functionality does 10.6 support with AppleTalk?
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
Nothing.
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.


48. What are four advantages of using network directory services to store account information?
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD


49. Where does spotlight store its metadata index databases? How about the plugins?

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50. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.