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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Why is the root of a user's home folder visible to others?
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
Parental controls
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV

2. How does Time Machine maintain a backup history of the system?
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services

3. What is a device driver? What three primary types of device drivers are there?
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
System Profiler

4. What are the device classes used by Mac OS X to categorize peripherals? What are some examples of each class?
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.

5. What does CUPS do?
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.

6. What are some security concerns with spotlight?
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.

7. What is target disk mode and how is it engaged?
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.

8. What is the potential side effect of improperly unmounting or ejecting a volume?
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
May cause data corruption
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services

9. How does the Finder's secure empty trash work?
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
It does a 7-pass erase.
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.

10. What are the primary system initialization stages and user environment stages in Mac OS X and what order do they start?
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.

11. What are PPD files responsible for?
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
May cause data corruption
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files

12. What is the difference between launch daemons - startup items - launch agents - and login items?
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.

13. What are the min sys req for BootCamp?
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
ls

14. What are the four default top-level folders available in the Finder?
Full directions to a specific item
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Applications - Library - System - Users

15. What role does loginwindow serve in system start-up?
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.

16. Four prep steps before installing
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
cp - mv - rm

17. What happens during user log-out?
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.

18. Why might a previously backed-up item no longer be available in Time Machine?
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).

19. Why does the Finder hider certain folders at the root of the system volume?
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
It does a 7-pass erase.
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.

20. What items are automatically started by system launchd during the system initialization process?
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
Too many to list. Hehe.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)

21. Why is time machine bad at backing up large databases?
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
Nothing.

22. What steps should you take when troubleshooting app issues?
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root

23. 6 Reasons to use the CLI
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location

24. Absolute path
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Full directions to a specific item
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files

25. What does 'ignore volume ownership' do in the Finder?
Applications - Library - System - Users
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.

26. What role does system launchd play in the system start-up?
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.

27. Min hardware requirements for 10.6
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.

28. Folder/directories
Parental controls
Describe containers in the file system
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.

29. Relative path
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
Info pane in Network Utility
based on the user's current location
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility

30. What are three common troubleshooting techniques for issues involving failure to connect to network services?
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.

31. What is Rosetta and what types of items are not supported by Rosetta?
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
cat - less
Parental controls
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps

32. What password issues may arise related to the SMB service?
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.

33. What process or processes are responsible for dashboard widgets?
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.

34. How do Mac OS X computers acquire and use link-local TCP/IP addresses?
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
It does a 7-pass erase.

35. What four Directory Service types can used in Mac OS X?
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.

36. What are the differences between ZIP archives and Disk Images?
Parental controls
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Applications - Library - System - Users
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility

37. How does file system journaling work?
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
Users' public folders

38. What happens during system shutdown?
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.

39. Account attributes
To run commands as the root user
Describe containers in the file system
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d

40. Utilities available from OS X install DVD
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
System Profiler
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on

41. How do you share printers with other Mac and Windows users?
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler

42. What are five common directory services and authentication services troubleshooting techniques?
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
Info pane in Network Utility
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.

43. What are six common system resources? What purpose does each one serve and where are they located?
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.

44. What is the sticky bit?
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)

45. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
System Profiler
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
It does a 7-pass erase.
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data

46. In the network preferences - how can you tell which interface is currently being used for network activities?
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.

47. What differentiates RAID 0 from RAID 1?
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu

48. What are three common authentication methods?
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
It does a 7-pass erase.
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.

49. How do you use the finder's burn folder feature?
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
System Profiler
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder

50. Default install packages
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.

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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

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