Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Account attributes
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
It does a 7-pass erase.
Users' public folders
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.


2. How does the spotlight search service use metadata?
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder


3. Why does the Finder hider certain folders at the root of the system volume?

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4. 6 volumes supported by OS X
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.


5. What steps should you take when troubleshooting app issues?
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.


6. How does the IP transfer messages between computers on a WAN?

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7. What is the difference between safe boot - safe mode - and safe login?
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.


8. Five types of accounts in 10.6
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.


9. What does the firmware do? What is the POST?

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10. How does Time Machine maintain a backup history of the system?

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11. What are the four erase options in disk utility?

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12. How are the permissions on the shared folder set to allow local user sharing?
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
ls
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.


13. What are seven common types of resources Mac OS X can access from a directory service?
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S


14. What shared items are accessible to any user who connects via FTP?

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15. What is a device driver? What three primary types of device drivers are there?
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.


16. 3 Main components of a typical command
command - options - arguments
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos


17. Path
ls
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem


18. What three common unix commands support Mac filesystem metadata?
Describe containers in the file system
cp - mv - rm
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.


19. What is a Kerberos Ticket and KDC?

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20. What are the three primary steps for setting up bootcamp?
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.


21. What is authentication and authorization?
Too many to list. Hehe.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?


22. How do you provide Mac OS X web-sharing services?
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display


23. What five network file services can you connect to from the Finder's Connect To Server dialog?
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.


24. What are four common issues that can interrupt network services on a Mac OS X computer?
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
To run commands as the root user
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase


25. How does Mac OS X use dynamic network discovery protocols to access network services?
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.


26. How do you further resolve and issue that disappears when the Mac successfully safe-boots?
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.


27. What type of files are omitted from time machine backups?
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
To run commands as the root user
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage


28. How do you use the finder's burn folder feature?
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu


29. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
System Profiler


30. What process or processes are responsible for dashboard widgets?
based on the user's current location
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.


31. How does the system determine what app to use to open a file?
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem


32. What do the terms interface - protocol - and service mean in relation to computer networks?
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s


33. 6 Reasons to use the CLI
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
Applications - Library - System - Users
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.


34. What are they advantages of code-signing?
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility


35. How are items inside the Finder's Network folder populated?
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
computer hostname - working directory - user account
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.


36. How does file system journaling work?
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.


37. How do you identify ownership and permissions of a file or folder in the Finder? In the command line?
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos


38. What four Directory Service types can used in Mac OS X?
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD


39. Default 9 home folder folders?
based on the user's current location
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites


40. What two methods can be used to hide items from the Finder?
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
ls


41. What are resource forks and why have they fallen out of favor?

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42. What are the device classes used by Mac OS X to categorize peripherals? What are some examples of each class?
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.


43. What is the relationship between clients and servers as it relates to network service access?
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences


44. How can you identify the type of a particular application?
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
May cause data corruption
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.


45. What backup destinations does Time Machine support?
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.


46. How is the DOmain Name Service used to facilitate network naming?
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.
computer hostname - working directory - user account
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.


47. What is the sticky bit?

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48. What items are automatically started by system launchd during the system initialization process?
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)


49. What happens during user log-out?

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50. Four prep steps before installing
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.