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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is sudo used for?
To run commands as the root user
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.

2. What functionality does 10.6 support with AppleTalk?
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
Nothing.

3. How does Time Machine maintain a backup history of the system?
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location

4. What is the difference between safe boot - safe mode - and safe login?
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
command - options - arguments

5. What are four common issues that can interrupt network services on a Mac OS X computer?
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH

6. Locate system version - build number - serial number location
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
System Profiler
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.

7. What items are not loaded when Mac OS X safe boots?
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.

8. What are the three primary steps for setting up bootcamp?
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.

9. What are the visual or audible cues for each system initialization stage?
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.

10. What happens during system shutdown?
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.

11. What 4 methods can be used to eject a volume from the finder?
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
Applications - Library - System - Users
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.

12. How do Mac OS X computers acquire and use link-local TCP/IP addresses?
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Finder get info - command line run ls -l

13. Folder/directories
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
Describe containers in the file system
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root

14. Utilities available from OS X install DVD
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
Client software is used to access services provided by a server

15. What happens during user log-out?
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on

16. How is Disk utility's verify and repair feature used?
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
cat - less
Parental controls
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.

17. What files are associated with the computer's website? What about the users' websites?
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language

18. What is the safe boot keyboard combo?
Hold down shift on startup
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.

19. How does the Finder's secure empty trash work?
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
It does a 7-pass erase.

20. What is the difference between launch daemons - startup items - launch agents - and login items?
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
To run commands as the root user
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.

21. What three common unix commands support Mac filesystem metadata?
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
cp - mv - rm

22. How are items inside the Finder's Network folder populated?
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos

23. Two primary partition schemes for mac formatted drives?
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.

24. How can you force quit an app from the GUI?
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S

25. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
Info pane in Network Utility
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.

26. What are three common authentication methods?
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
Parental controls
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility

27. Why is the root of a user's home folder visible to others?
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder

28. What are five common directory services and authentication services troubleshooting techniques?
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar

29. What is target disk mode and how is it engaged?
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
Nothing.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.

30. What are the primary system initialization stages and user environment stages in Mac OS X and what order do they start?
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV

31. How can you identify the MAC Addresses for all of the Mac's network interfaces?
Info pane in Network Utility
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.

32. What is a directory as it relates to directory services?
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.

33. What process or processes are responsible for dashboard widgets?
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.

34. How can you identify the type of a particular application?
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
computer hostname - working directory - user account

35. What is Rosetta and what types of items are not supported by Rosetta?
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
cat - less
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language

36. How does network service order affect network connectivity?
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.

37. How does the IP transfer messages between computers on a WAN?
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar

38. Difference between disk drives - partition - and volume
ls
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage

39. What steps should you take when troubleshooting app issues?
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.

40. What are resource forks and why have they fallen out of favor?
cp - mv - rm
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
Users' public folders

41. What shared items are accessible to any user who connects via FTP?
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.

42. How does the firmware password help secure against password changes?
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder

43. How does resetting a user's password as an admin user affect their keychain?
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.

44. What interfaces and protocols are supported by default in in Mac OS X?
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Too many to list. Hehe.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Users' public folders

45. How do you identify ownership and permissions of a file or folder in the Finder? In the command line?
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder

46. What role does system launchd play in the system start-up?
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing

47. What type of files are omitted from time machine backups?
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Describe containers in the file system
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution

48. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
cat - less
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.

49. What are the device classes used by Mac OS X to categorize peripherals? What are some examples of each class?
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.

50. In the network preferences - how can you tell which interface is currently being used for network activities?
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.

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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

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