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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the device classes used by Mac OS X to categorize peripherals? What are some examples of each class?
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.

2. Default install packages
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations

3. What system preference enables the accessibility features of OS X - what are they - and where are the preferences stored?
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences

4. Security risks & account types
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Parental controls

5. What happens during user log-out?

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6. Why might a previously backed-up item no longer be available in Time Machine?
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.

7. In the network preferences - how can you tell which interface is currently being used for network activities?
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
It does a 7-pass erase.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.

8. What are five application environments supported by Mac OS X and what are they used for?
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD

9. How does resetting a user's password as an admin user affect their keychain?
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.

10. Where are preferences stored? What format is generally used?
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.

11. What are three common authentication methods?
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution

12. How is the DOmain Name Service used to facilitate network naming?
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address

13. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.

14. How does Mac OS X use dynamic network discovery protocols to access network services?
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Hold down shift on startup
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.

15. How are the permissions on the shared folder set to allow local user sharing?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul

16. What are the two primary automation technologies for the GUI?
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.

17. What differentiates RAID 0 from RAID 1?
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler

18. How can you identify the type of a particular application?
It does a 7-pass erase.
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.

19. What items are shared by default to all users?

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20. What is sudo used for?
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage
To run commands as the root user

21. How does network service order affect network connectivity?
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.

22. How does Time Machine maintain a backup history of the system?

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23. Five types of accounts in 10.6
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
computer hostname - working directory - user account
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root

24. What are PPD files responsible for?
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Parental controls
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
cp - mv - rm

25. What is authentication and authorization?
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?

26. What are four advantages of using network directory services to store account information?
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler

27. Three minium requirements for creating a command line script
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
Nothing.

28. What are the four default top-level folders available in the Finder?
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Applications - Library - System - Users
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase

29. How can you limit a user account?
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
Parental controls

30. What does the problem-reporting feature do?
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
Nothing.

31. 6 Reasons to use the CLI
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
Applications - Library - System - Users
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD

32. What does the firmware do? What is the POST?

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33. What three common unix commands support Mac filesystem metadata?
cp - mv - rm
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
Parental controls

34. What are the differences between ZIP archives and Disk Images?
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)

35. What five network file services can you connect to from the Finder's Connect To Server dialog?
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings

36. What do the terms interface - protocol - and service mean in relation to computer networks?
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
Too many to list. Hehe.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s

37. What backup destinations does Time Machine support?
command - options - arguments
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.

38. What role does system launchd play in the system start-up?
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.

39. What are the visual or audible cues for each system initialization stage?
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.

40. How does the system determine what app to use to open a file?
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.

41. How do you use disk utility to burn an optical disk?
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.

42. Why is time machine bad at backing up large databases?
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.

43. 3 Main components of a typical command
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
Describe containers in the file system
command - options - arguments
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S

44. Account attributes
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)

45. How do you use the finder's burn folder feature?
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
computer hostname - working directory - user account
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s

46. How do kerberos and keychain system differ for managing authentication services?
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.

47. What does 'ignore volume ownership' do in the Finder?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
cp - mv - rm

48. Four prep steps before installing
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.

49. How can you identify the MAC Addresses for all of the Mac's network interfaces?
Full directions to a specific item
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
Info pane in Network Utility
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.

50. What are the min sys req for BootCamp?
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu

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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

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