Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does Boot Camp work?
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
Users' public folders
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.


2. Locate system version - build number - serial number location
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD


3. Absolute path
Full directions to a specific item
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files


4. What steps should you take when troubleshooting app issues?
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.


5. How are the permissions on the shared folder set to allow local user sharing?
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.


6. What does CUPS do?
Describe containers in the file system
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites


7. What are PPD files responsible for?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.


8. Relative path

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9. How do you share printers with other Mac and Windows users?

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10. What is Rosetta and what types of items are not supported by Rosetta?
Applications - Library - System - Users
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
To run commands as the root user


11. What network services are provided by your Mac to facilitate Internet sharing? What options are available for Internet sharing your Mac's AirPort wireless Ethernet interface?
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on


12. How are items inside the Finder's Network folder populated?
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
cp - mv - rm
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S


13. Difference between disk drives - partition - and volume

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14. 3 Default items in CLI prompt
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
computer hostname - working directory - user account


15. What are resource forks and why have they fallen out of favor?

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16. What process or processes are responsible for dashboard widgets?
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.


17. What are some security concerns with spotlight?
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
ls
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.


18. How does network service order affect network connectivity?
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF


19. Why is time machine bad at backing up large databases?
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
command - options - arguments


20. How can you identify the MAC Addresses for all of the Mac's network interfaces?
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
Info pane in Network Utility


21. How do you provide Mac OS X web-sharing services?
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility


22. What are the primary system initialization stages and user environment stages in Mac OS X and what order do they start?
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at


23. Why might a previously backed-up item no longer be available in Time Machine?
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s


24. Different between absolute and relative path
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
based on the user's current location


25. What are the three primary steps for setting up bootcamp?
Too many to list. Hehe.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
computer hostname - working directory - user account
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.


26. What password issues may arise related to the SMB service?

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27. Security risks & account types
Parental controls
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Nothing.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)


28. What are three common authentication methods?
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.


29. How do Mac OS X computers acquire and use link-local TCP/IP addresses?

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30. Why is the root of a user's home folder visible to others?
To run commands as the root user
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder


31. How is the DOmain Name Service used to facilitate network naming?
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.


32. What does the firmware do? What is the POST?

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33. What items are automatically started by system launchd during the system initialization process?
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.


34. What are the device classes used by Mac OS X to categorize peripherals? What are some examples of each class?
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.


35. What does 'ignore volume ownership' do in the Finder?
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root


36. Account attributes
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility


37. What three methods can be used to select the start-up disk?
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
based on the user's current location


38. What type of files are omitted from time machine backups?
System Profiler
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen


39. What is sudo used for?
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
To run commands as the root user


40. What are the four erase options in disk utility?

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41. What are five common directory services and authentication services troubleshooting techniques?
To run commands as the root user
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
cp - mv - rm
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.


42. What are the primary differences between local - network - and mobile accounts?
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.


43. What interfaces and protocols are supported by default in in Mac OS X?
To run commands as the root user
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
Too many to list. Hehe.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.


44. What is the safe boot keyboard combo?
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Hold down shift on startup
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.


45. Where does spotlight store its metadata index databases? How about the plugins?

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46. What are the four default top-level folders available in the Finder?
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Applications - Library - System - Users
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen


47. 6 Reasons to use the CLI
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.


48. What is a device driver? What three primary types of device drivers are there?
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
Parental controls
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem


49. What files are associated with the computer's website? What about the users' websites?

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50. What is target disk mode and how is it engaged?
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.