Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do permissions in the Finder appear different than those in the terminal?
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder


2. How can you identify the type of a particular application?
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S
Nothing.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler


3. What are the two primary automation technologies for the GUI?
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language


4. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Hold down shift on startup
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.


5. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
System Profiler
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.


6. What three common unix commands support Mac filesystem metadata?
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
cat - less
cp - mv - rm


7. What functionality does 10.6 support with AppleTalk?
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Nothing.
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.


8. What are five application environments supported by Mac OS X and what are they used for?
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root


9. What is the difference between launch daemons - startup items - launch agents - and login items?

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10. What happens during user log-out?

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11. What interfaces and protocols are supported by default in in Mac OS X?
Too many to list. Hehe.
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
To run commands as the root user
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.


12. What backup destinations does Time Machine support?
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.


13. What are PPD files responsible for?
Describe containers in the file system
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
computer hostname - working directory - user account


14. Five types of accounts in 10.6
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.


15. What steps should you take when troubleshooting app issues?
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
System Profiler
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem


16. What are the min sys req for BootCamp?
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.


17. What type of files are omitted from time machine backups?
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.


18. Security risk with fast user switching?
Hold down shift on startup
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar


19. What two methods can be used to hide items from the Finder?
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
cp - mv - rm


20. What happens during system shutdown?
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Users' public folders
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.


21. How do you identify ownership and permissions of a file or folder in the Finder? In the command line?
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV


22. 3 Main components of a typical command
command - options - arguments
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.


23. How are items inside the Finder's Network folder populated?
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)


24. What items are not loaded when Mac OS X safe boots?
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.


25. What is sudo used for?
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
To run commands as the root user
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.


26. Difference between disk drives - partition - and volume

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27. Where are preferences stored? What format is generally used?
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH


28. What is the relationship between a network service and a network port?
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.


29. Four methods to access CLI
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.


30. What shared items are accessible to any user who connects via FTP?

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31. What does the problem-reporting feature do?
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
Users' public folders


32. What process or processes are responsible for dashboard widgets?
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution


33. What password issues may arise related to the SMB service?

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34. What is the safe boot keyboard combo?
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
Hold down shift on startup
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.


35. What is a Kerberos Ticket and KDC?

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36. Min hardware requirements for 10.6
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
Too many to list. Hehe.


37. What is the relationship between clients and servers as it relates to network service access?
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS


38. Default 9 home folder folders?
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
ls
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites


39. How can you force quit an app from the GUI?
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.


40. How does Mac OS X's built-in firewall work? What advanced firewall settings are available?
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.


41. What 4 methods can be used to eject a volume from the finder?
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar


42. How does Time Machine maintain a backup history of the system?

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43. What client-sharing services can Mac OS X provide?
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul


44. What are some security concerns with spotlight?
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
Applications - Library - System - Users
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.


45. What are seven common types of resources Mac OS X can access from a directory service?
Nothing.
Full directions to a specific item
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display


46. How is Disk utility's verify and repair feature used?

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47. What does CUPS do?
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Describe containers in the file system
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.


48. Where does spotlight store its metadata index databases? How about the plugins?

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49. How do you share printers with other Mac and Windows users?

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50. Relative path

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