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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is the DOmain Name Service used to facilitate network naming?
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.

2. What is the relationship between clients and servers as it relates to network service access?
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server

3. How does resetting the master filevault password affect existing filevault user accounts?
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.

4. What type of files are omitted from time machine backups?
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.

5. What are three common authentication methods?
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.

6. What steps should you take when troubleshooting app issues?
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.

7. How does Boot Camp work?
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings

8. What role does loginwindow serve in system start-up?
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.

9. What are some known issues that arise when connecting to network file services?
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings

10. What system preference enables the accessibility features of OS X - what are they - and where are the preferences stored?
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
Info pane in Network Utility
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).

11. What is a device driver? What three primary types of device drivers are there?
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
System Profiler
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.

12. How does Time Machine maintain a backup history of the system?

13. What is a Kerberos Ticket and KDC?

14. How do you share printers with other Mac and Windows users?

15. How can you identify the type of a particular application?
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.

16. How are items inside the Finder's Network folder populated?
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language

17. 6 Reasons to use the CLI
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD

18. How does the IP transfer messages between computers on a WAN?

19. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X

20. How can you limit a user account?
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Parental controls
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.

21. What shared items are accessible to an administrator who connects via AFP or SMB? What about a standard user?

22. How does resetting a user's password as an admin user affect their keychain?
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites

23. What four Directory Service types can used in Mac OS X?
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD

24. What are seven common types of resources Mac OS X can access from a directory service?
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address

25. What are the three primary steps for setting up bootcamp?
Describe containers in the file system
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.

26. How do you provide Mac OS X web-sharing services?
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage
cp - mv - rm

27. How does the IP addresses use the MAC address to send messages between computers on a LAN?

28. What does CUPS do?
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.

29. How does the system determine what app to use to open a file?
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem

30. What 3 types of resource contention issues can occur when fast user switching is enabled?
To run commands as the root user
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data

31. What is the difference between launch daemons - startup items - launch agents - and login items?

32. What differentiates RAID 0 from RAID 1?
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.

33. In the network preferences - how can you tell which interface is currently being used for network activities?
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.

34. Utilities available from OS X install DVD
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
cat - less

35. Why does the Finder hider certain folders at the root of the system volume?

36. Which two commands can read text files?
cat - less
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
ls
Applications - Library - System - Users

37. What are the primary system initialization stages and user environment stages in Mac OS X and what order do they start?
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
computer hostname - working directory - user account

38. Security risks & account types
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
computer hostname - working directory - user account
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.

39. What does Mac OS X use bundles or packages for?

40. What are some security concerns with spotlight?
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.

41. What are the four erase options in disk utility?

42. What process or processes are responsible for dashboard widgets?
Describe containers in the file system
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files

43. How do you use disk utility to burn an optical disk?
cat - less
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.

44. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
System Profiler

45. What is the purpose of IP addresses and subnet masks? What is their format?
cat - less
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
cp - mv - rm
command - options - arguments

46. Why might a previously backed-up item no longer be available in Time Machine?
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
May cause data corruption
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences

47. What are five common directory services and authentication services troubleshooting techniques?
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files

48. What three common unix commands support Mac filesystem metadata?
Hold down shift on startup
May cause data corruption
cp - mv - rm
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.

49. What is protected memory? What is 64 bit memory addressing?
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.

50. How do kerberos and keychain system differ for managing authentication services?
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.