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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where are preferences stored? What format is generally used?
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.

2. What three methods can be used to select the start-up disk?
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root

3. What items are not loaded when Mac OS X safe boots?
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.

4. What items are shared by default to all users?

5. What are the min sys req for BootCamp?
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS

6. What does 'ignore volume ownership' do in the Finder?
Describe containers in the file system
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.

7. What process or processes are responsible for dashboard widgets?
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
Full directions to a specific item
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul

8. What are the primary system initialization stages and user environment stages in Mac OS X and what order do they start?
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.

9. How is Disk utility's verify and repair feature used?

10. What are the differences between ZIP archives and Disk Images?
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD

11. What role does system launchd play in the system start-up?
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing

12. What is protected memory? What is 64 bit memory addressing?
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
Describe containers in the file system

13. How do you further resolve and issue that disappears when the Mac successfully safe-boots?
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.

14. What functionality does 10.6 support with AppleTalk?
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
Parental controls
Nothing.

15. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
ls

16. What is a Kerberos Ticket and KDC?

17. What are three common troubleshooting techniques for issues involving failure to connect to network services?
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.

18. What does the firmware do? What is the POST?

19. What is the difference between launch daemons - startup items - launch agents - and login items?

20. How is the DOmain Name Service used to facilitate network naming?
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.

21. How do you use the finder's burn folder feature?
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
cp - mv - rm

22. What files are associated with the computer's website? What about the users' websites?

23. How does the spotlight search service use metadata?
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.

24. What shared items are accessible to an administrator who connects via AFP or SMB? What about a standard user?

25. How are items inside the Finder's Network folder populated?
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage

26. Why is time machine bad at backing up large databases?
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data

27. In the network preferences - how can you tell which interface is currently being used for network activities?
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.

28. What is the relationship between clients and servers as it relates to network service access?
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.

29. What steps should you take when troubleshooting app issues?
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
command - options - arguments
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.

30. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
System Profiler
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.

31. Which two commands can read text files?
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
cat - less
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.

32. What is the safe boot keyboard combo?
Hold down shift on startup
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
May cause data corruption
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos

33. How does Boot Camp work?
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.

34. Relative path

35. What are five common directory services and authentication services troubleshooting techniques?
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
cat - less
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.

36. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X

37. Different between absolute and relative path
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.

38. Security risks & account types
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Parental controls

39. What backup destinations does Time Machine support?
May cause data corruption
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.

40. Account attributes
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.

41. What is sudo used for?
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
based on the user's current location
To run commands as the root user

42. How can you force quit an app from the GUI?
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
It does a 7-pass erase.

43. What are the four erase options in disk utility?

44. Why does the Finder hider certain folders at the root of the system volume?

45. Two primary partition schemes for mac formatted drives?
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.

46. 3 Default items in CLI prompt
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
computer hostname - working directory - user account

47. What are some security concerns with spotlight?
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.

48. How do you identify ownership and permissions of a file or folder in the Finder? In the command line?
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs

49. How does Mac OS X use dynamic network discovery protocols to access network services?
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
ls

50. What are three common authentication methods?
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.