ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Four methods to access CLI
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.


2. What three methods can be used to select the start-up disk?
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.


3. What happens during user log-out?

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4. Best command to list items in a folder?
ls
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location


5. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
System Profiler


6. How does the IP transfer messages between computers on a WAN?

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7. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X

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8. How does resetting a user's password as an admin user affect their keychain?
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.


9. How does Mac OS X's built-in firewall work? What advanced firewall settings are available?
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.


10. What are some known issues that arise when connecting to network file services?
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.


11. What are the visual or audible cues for each system initialization stage?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.


12. What does CUPS do?
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.


13. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
System Profiler
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?


14. Utilities available from OS X install DVD
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
cp - mv - rm
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.


15. What is the relationship between a network service and a network port?
ls
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.


16. In the network preferences - how can you tell which interface is currently being used for network activities?
To run commands as the root user
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.


17. What system preference enables the accessibility features of OS X - what are they - and where are the preferences stored?
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Users' public folders
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.


18. How does file system journaling work?
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
ls
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM


19. How does Mac OS X use dynamic network discovery protocols to access network services?
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.


20. What is the relationship between clients and servers as it relates to network service access?
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
Full directions to a specific item
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.


21. What are three common troubleshooting techniques for issues involving failure to connect to network services?
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem


22. What are the two primary automation technologies for the GUI?
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs


23. Absolute path
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
Full directions to a specific item
based on the user's current location
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.


24. What is target disk mode and how is it engaged?
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
ls
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps


25. What are the primary system initialization stages and user environment stages in Mac OS X and what order do they start?
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations


26. What is a device driver? What three primary types of device drivers are there?
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.


27. How does Time Machine maintain a backup history of the system?

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28. How does the Finder's secure empty trash work?
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
It does a 7-pass erase.
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.


29. How are the permissions on the shared folder set to allow local user sharing?
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.


30. How does network service order affect network connectivity?
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.


31. What are five common directory services and authentication services troubleshooting techniques?
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.


32. What 4 methods can be used to eject a volume from the finder?
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.


33. Five types of accounts in 10.6
cat - less
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Full directions to a specific item
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root


34. What are some common file flags and extended attributes used by Mac OS X?
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
System Profiler


35. Why does the Finder hider certain folders at the root of the system volume?

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36. Which two commands can read text files?
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
cat - less
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage


37. What is Rosetta and what types of items are not supported by Rosetta?
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps


38. 6 volumes supported by OS X
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.


39. How do you provide Mac OS X web-sharing services?
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
Info pane in Network Utility
Full directions to a specific item


40. How do you further resolve and issue that disappears when the Mac successfully safe-boots?
Hold down shift on startup
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.


41. What are the min sys req for BootCamp?
Users' public folders
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM


42. What is the difference between launch daemons - startup items - launch agents - and login items?

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43. What are the differences between ZIP archives and Disk Images?
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files


44. What are six common system resources? What purpose does each one serve and where are they located?
Parental controls
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.


45. What items are automatically started by system launchd during the system initialization process?
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)


46. What items are not loaded when Mac OS X safe boots?
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services


47. How do you identify ownership and permissions of a file or folder in the Finder? In the command line?
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
Hold down shift on startup
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.


48. What files are associated with the computer's website? What about the users' websites?

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49. How do you provide Mac OS X file sharing services so that other computers can access them?

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50. What are seven common types of resources Mac OS X can access from a directory service?
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.