Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In the network preferences - how can you tell which interface is currently being used for network activities?
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.


2. What is the difference between launch daemons - startup items - launch agents - and login items?

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3. What are four advantages of using network directory services to store account information?
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.


4. How does file-fault secure a user's data?
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Parental controls
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage


5. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
based on the user's current location
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings


6. What is the relationship between clients and servers as it relates to network service access?
Nothing.
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server


7. What are they advantages of code-signing?
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.


8. How does the IP addresses use the MAC address to send messages between computers on a LAN?

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9. What are some security concerns with spotlight?
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.


10. Best command to list items in a folder?
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Applications - Library - System - Users
ls


11. How does resetting the master filevault password affect existing filevault user accounts?
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
Hold down shift on startup


12. What files are associated with the computer's website? What about the users' websites?

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13. How do permissions in the Finder appear different than those in the terminal?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos


14. How are the permissions on the shared folder set to allow local user sharing?
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.


15. Security risk with fast user switching?
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
cat - less


16. What does Mac OS X use bundles or packages for?

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17. What are the three primary steps for setting up bootcamp?
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.


18. How do you provide Mac OS X file sharing services so that other computers can access them?

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19. Min hardware requirements for 10.6
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
May cause data corruption
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display


20. Path
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.


21. Absolute path
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
Full directions to a specific item
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.


22. What functionality does 10.6 support with AppleTalk?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
Nothing.
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps


23. What does the problem-reporting feature do?
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services


24. How does Time Machine maintain a backup history of the system?

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25. How does the Finder's secure empty trash work?
It does a 7-pass erase.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
computer hostname - working directory - user account


26. Four prep steps before installing
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings


27. Folder/directories
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
Describe containers in the file system
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.


28. Five types of accounts in 10.6
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root


29. How does Mac OS X's built-in firewall work? What advanced firewall settings are available?
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.


30. What role does system launchd play in the system start-up?
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.
Describe containers in the file system


31. What steps should you take when troubleshooting app issues?
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
May cause data corruption
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.


32. How can you identify the type of a particular application?
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.


33. What is the purpose of IP addresses and subnet masks? What is their format?
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage
System Profiler
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.


34. What are five application environments supported by Mac OS X and what are they used for?
based on the user's current location
Applications - Library - System - Users
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.


35. What are some known issues that arise when connecting to network file services?
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.


36. What is a directory as it relates to directory services?
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.


37. What is authentication and authorization?
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.


38. Relative path

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39. How does the firmware password help secure against password changes?
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
based on the user's current location
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.


40. What 3 types of resource contention issues can occur when fast user switching is enabled?
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage


41. What happens during user log-out?

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42. How does resetting a user's password as an admin user affect their keychain?
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.


43. How does network service order affect network connectivity?
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.


44. What type of files are omitted from time machine backups?
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Info pane in Network Utility
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.


45. What does CUPS do?
cat - less
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase


46. What are three common authentication methods?
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
Describe containers in the file system
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.


47. What is protected memory? What is 64 bit memory addressing?
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.


48. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
System Profiler


49. What is the difference between safe boot - safe mode - and safe login?
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server


50. How do you further resolve and issue that disappears when the Mac successfully safe-boots?
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem