Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are resource forks and why have they fallen out of favor?

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2. What does the problem-reporting feature do?
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder


3. What role does system launchd play in the system start-up?
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.


4. Different between absolute and relative path
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)


5. What is the sticky bit?

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6. What do the terms interface - protocol - and service mean in relation to computer networks?
Parental controls
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
ls


7. What are the primary system initialization stages and user environment stages in Mac OS X and what order do they start?
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.


8. What are five common directory services and authentication services troubleshooting techniques?
May cause data corruption
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.


9. How does network service order affect network connectivity?
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)


10. Four methods to access CLI
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.


11. What are five application environments supported by Mac OS X and what are they used for?
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
Too many to list. Hehe.
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.


12. How do you further resolve and issue that disappears when the Mac successfully safe-boots?
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences


13. Utilities available from OS X install DVD
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.


14. What are some common file flags and extended attributes used by Mac OS X?
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.


15. What role does loginwindow serve in system start-up?
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image


16. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X

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17. How does the spotlight search service use metadata?
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.


18. What are four common issues that can interrupt network services on a Mac OS X computer?
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language


19. What shared items are accessible to any user who connects via FTP?

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20. 6 Reasons to use the CLI
It does a 7-pass erase.
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD


21. Security risks & account types
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
ls


22. How do permissions in the Finder appear different than those in the terminal?
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD


23. How can you force quit an app from the GUI?
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.


24. What does the firmware do? What is the POST?

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25. How do you provide Mac OS X file sharing services so that other computers can access them?

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26. What are seven common types of resources Mac OS X can access from a directory service?
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Hold down shift on startup


27. What are some known issues that arise when connecting to network file services?
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.


28. Why does the Finder hider certain folders at the root of the system volume?

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29. What happens during system shutdown?
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
To run commands as the root user
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites


30. What type of files are omitted from time machine backups?
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.


31. Folder/directories
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
command - options - arguments
Describe containers in the file system
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD


32. How do you identify ownership and permissions of a file or folder in the Finder? In the command line?
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
It does a 7-pass erase.
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.


33. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
command - options - arguments
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS


34. Default install packages
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.


35. Why is time machine bad at backing up large databases?
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.


36. How do you use disk utility to burn an optical disk?
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Finder get info - command line run ls -l


37. What are the visual or audible cues for each system initialization stage?
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
Describe containers in the file system
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.


38. Account attributes
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
Describe containers in the file system
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.


39. How does file system journaling work?
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue


40. How does the Finder's secure empty trash work?
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
It does a 7-pass erase.


41. Why might a previously backed-up item no longer be available in Time Machine?
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Parental controls


42. What items are shared by default to all users?

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43. Two primary partition schemes for mac formatted drives?
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files


44. How are the permissions on the shared folder set to allow local user sharing?
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.


45. How does Mac OS X use dynamic network discovery protocols to access network services?
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
ls
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.


46. What does 'ignore volume ownership' do in the Finder?
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.


47. Which two commands can read text files?
cat - less
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings


48. What two methods can be used to hide items from the Finder?
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.


49. Min hardware requirements for 10.6
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files


50. What network services are provided by your Mac to facilitate Internet sharing? What options are available for Internet sharing your Mac's AirPort wireless Ethernet interface?
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.