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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is protected memory? What is 64 bit memory addressing?
cp - mv - rm
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.

2. What does the firmware do? What is the POST?
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
Finder get info - command line run ls -l

3. What are some known issues that arise when connecting to network file services?
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Describe containers in the file system
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at

4. What are the four default top-level folders available in the Finder?
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
Applications - Library - System - Users
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.

5. How does resetting a user's password as an admin user affect their keychain?
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
cat - less
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.

6. What are the primary differences between local - network - and mobile accounts?
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.

7. What shared items are accessible to any user who connects via FTP?
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files

8. What are the four erase options in disk utility?
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
To run commands as the root user
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.

9. Three minium requirements for creating a command line script
ls
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
Applications - Library - System - Users

10. Difference between disk drives - partition - and volume
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.

11. Default install packages
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
computer hostname - working directory - user account

12. What are they advantages of code-signing?
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
Describe containers in the file system
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings

13. What is the relationship between a network service and a network port?
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
Hold down shift on startup
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.

14. What is the potential side effect of improperly unmounting or ejecting a volume?
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
May cause data corruption

15. Which two commands can read text files?
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.
cat - less

16. What password issues may arise related to the SMB service?
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD

17. How do you identify ownership and permissions of a file or folder in the Finder? In the command line?
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Hold down shift on startup
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
Finder get info - command line run ls -l

18. What 4 methods can be used to eject a volume from the finder?
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.

19. 3 Main components of a typical command
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
Describe containers in the file system
command - options - arguments

20. What are the device classes used by Mac OS X to categorize peripherals? What are some examples of each class?
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Users' public folders

21. Four prep steps before installing
System Profiler
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.

22. How does Mac OS X's built-in firewall work? What advanced firewall settings are available?
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV

23. What differentiates RAID 0 from RAID 1?
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
Nothing.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.

24. How do you further resolve and issue that disappears when the Mac successfully safe-boots?
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.

25. How can you force quit an app from the GUI?
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
Info pane in Network Utility
cat - less

26. What client-sharing services can Mac OS X provide?
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
ls

27. What system preference enables the accessibility features of OS X - what are they - and where are the preferences stored?
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
cp - mv - rm
based on the user's current location

28. What happens during system shutdown?
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
Full directions to a specific item
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.

29. What are four advantages of using network directory services to store account information?
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)

30. Two primary partition schemes for mac formatted drives?
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.

31. How do you provide Mac OS X web-sharing services?
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Hold down shift on startup

32. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
It does a 7-pass erase.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
System Profiler
command - options - arguments

33. What is sudo used for?
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
To run commands as the root user

34. Path
Too many to list. Hehe.
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem

35. In the network preferences - how can you tell which interface is currently being used for network activities?
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Parental controls
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.

36. What does 'ignore volume ownership' do in the Finder?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.

37. How does the firmware password help secure against password changes?
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences

38. What is the difference between launch daemons - startup items - launch agents - and login items?
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD

39. How does the IP transfer messages between computers on a WAN?
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
May cause data corruption
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.

40. Where does spotlight store its metadata index databases? How about the plugins?
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage

41. How is Disk utility's verify and repair feature used?
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.

42. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data

43. How does resetting the master filevault password affect existing filevault user accounts?
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data

44. Five types of accounts in 10.6
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.

45. Absolute path
Full directions to a specific item
Parental controls
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.

46. What two methods can be used to hide items from the Finder?
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
System Profiler
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD

47. Security risk with fast user switching?
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services

48. How can you identify the type of a particular application?
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler

49. What are PPD files responsible for?
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.

50. How do kerberos and keychain system differ for managing authentication services?
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.

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