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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are some security concerns with spotlight?
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
It does a 7-pass erase.

2. What does iSync do?
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.

3. Four methods to access CLI
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.

4. What process or processes are responsible for dashboard widgets?
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
Full directions to a specific item
cp - mv - rm

5. What is the potential side effect of improperly unmounting or ejecting a volume?
May cause data corruption
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.

6. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X

7. How are the permissions on the shared folder set to allow local user sharing?
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
Nothing.
Finder get info - command line run ls -l

8. 6 Reasons to use the CLI
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.

9. What are six common system resources? What purpose does each one serve and where are they located?
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder

10. What two methods can be used to hide items from the Finder?
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.

11. What 3 types of resource contention issues can occur when fast user switching is enabled?
command - options - arguments
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on

12. What are the primary differences between local - network - and mobile accounts?
Nothing.
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.

13. How can you limit a user account?
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address
Parental controls
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV

14. 6 volumes supported by OS X
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH

15. What items are not loaded when Mac OS X safe boots?
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.

16. What is target disk mode and how is it engaged?
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem

17. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
System Profiler
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.

18. What are the device classes used by Mac OS X to categorize peripherals? What are some examples of each class?
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.

19. What are the four erase options in disk utility?

20. Which two commands can read text files?
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
cat - less
Applications - Library - System - Users
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.

21. How is the DOmain Name Service used to facilitate network naming?
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV

22. What steps should you take when troubleshooting app issues?
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
System Profiler

23. How do kerberos and keychain system differ for managing authentication services?
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD

24. How do you share printers with other Mac and Windows users?

25. How do Mac OS X computers acquire and use link-local TCP/IP addresses?

26. What are the differences between ZIP archives and Disk Images?
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD

27. What are PPD files responsible for?
computer hostname - working directory - user account
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)

28. What role does system launchd play in the system start-up?
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos

29. What are four common issues that can interrupt network services on a Mac OS X computer?
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites

30. How can you identify the MAC Addresses for all of the Mac's network interfaces?
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Info pane in Network Utility
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.

31. How does the Finder's secure empty trash work?
Hold down shift on startup
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
It does a 7-pass erase.
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?

32. Where are preferences stored? What format is generally used?
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location

33. Min hardware requirements for 10.6
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display

34. What are some known issues that arise when connecting to network file services?
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
Full directions to a specific item
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.

35. How do you identify ownership and permissions of a file or folder in the Finder? In the command line?
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
cp - mv - rm
based on the user's current location
Finder get info - command line run ls -l

36. Difference between disk drives - partition - and volume

37. Why is the root of a user's home folder visible to others?
Describe containers in the file system
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)

38. What are the four default top-level folders available in the Finder?
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address
Applications - Library - System - Users

39. How does file-fault secure a user's data?
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.

40. What are the primary system initialization stages and user environment stages in Mac OS X and what order do they start?
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.

41. How do you further resolve and issue that disappears when the Mac successfully safe-boots?
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.

42. What role does loginwindow serve in system start-up?
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Describe containers in the file system

43. How does resetting the master filevault password affect existing filevault user accounts?
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH

44. What is the purpose of IP addresses and subnet masks? What is their format?
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase

45. What are five common directory services and authentication services troubleshooting techniques?
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files

46. How do you provide Mac OS X file sharing services so that other computers can access them?

47. What are the three primary steps for setting up bootcamp?
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV

48. Default 9 home folder folders?
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
Nothing.

49. What are they advantages of code-signing?
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
Full directions to a specific item
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.

50. What are three common authentication methods?
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu