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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What role does system launchd play in the system start-up?
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.

2. What does the firmware do? What is the POST?

3. What is the difference between launch daemons - startup items - launch agents - and login items?

4. 6 volumes supported by OS X
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.

5. What network services are provided by your Mac to facilitate Internet sharing? What options are available for Internet sharing your Mac's AirPort wireless Ethernet interface?
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.

6. How does Time Machine maintain a backup history of the system?

7. What are five common directory services and authentication services troubleshooting techniques?
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.

8. Utilities available from OS X install DVD
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).

9. How are items inside the Finder's Network folder populated?
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.

10. Account attributes
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)

11. What does 'ignore volume ownership' do in the Finder?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.

12. Where are preferences stored? What format is generally used?
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.

13. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X

14. What shared items are accessible to an administrator who connects via AFP or SMB? What about a standard user?

15. What differentiates RAID 0 from RAID 1?
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.

16. What two methods can be used to hide items from the Finder?
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.

17. How do permissions in the Finder appear different than those in the terminal?
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.

18. Which two commands can read text files?
cat - less
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.

19. 6 Reasons to use the CLI
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.

20. What are seven common types of resources Mac OS X can access from a directory service?
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.

21. What are resource forks and why have they fallen out of favor?

22. What are PPD files responsible for?
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
ls
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Finder get info - command line run ls -l

23. How does the Finder's secure empty trash work?
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
It does a 7-pass erase.

24. Why is the root of a user's home folder visible to others?
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
command - options - arguments
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder

25. What is protected memory? What is 64 bit memory addressing?
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files

26. What are some security concerns with spotlight?
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.

27. What are the primary system initialization stages and user environment stages in Mac OS X and what order do they start?
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
computer hostname - working directory - user account
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.

28. What does the problem-reporting feature do?
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar

29. What are four common issues that can interrupt network services on a Mac OS X computer?
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
Client software is used to access services provided by a server

30. Four prep steps before installing
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.

31. Five types of accounts in 10.6
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root

32. How is Disk utility's verify and repair feature used?

33. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.

34. What does a keychain do?
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH

35. What items are not loaded when Mac OS X safe boots?
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.

36. What functionality does 10.6 support with AppleTalk?
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
Nothing.

37. What 3 types of resource contention issues can occur when fast user switching is enabled?
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Parental controls
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on

38. How do you use the finder's burn folder feature?
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.
Info pane in Network Utility
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder

39. How does the system determine what app to use to open a file?
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility

40. What system preference enables the accessibility features of OS X - what are they - and where are the preferences stored?
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences

41. How do you further resolve and issue that disappears when the Mac successfully safe-boots?
Hold down shift on startup
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.

42. How does the IP addresses use the MAC address to send messages between computers on a LAN?

43. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
System Profiler
Parental controls

44. Folder/directories
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
Describe containers in the file system
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.

45. What are six common system resources? What purpose does each one serve and where are they located?
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Applications - Library - System - Users
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.

46. What steps should you take when troubleshooting app issues?
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.

47. What are the two primary automation technologies for the GUI?
Applications - Library - System - Users
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility

48. Min hardware requirements for 10.6
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.

49. How does network service order affect network connectivity?
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.

50. How can you identify the MAC Addresses for all of the Mac's network interfaces?
Info pane in Network Utility
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files