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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What system preference enables the accessibility features of OS X - what are they - and where are the preferences stored?
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.

2. How do you share printers with other Mac and Windows users?
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root

3. Security risks & account types
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.

4. What does the firmware do? What is the POST?
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.

5. What are the visual or audible cues for each system initialization stage?
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.

6. How does network service order affect network connectivity?
command - options - arguments
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites

7. How can you force quit an app from the GUI?
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH

8. How does Mac OS X's built-in firewall work? What advanced firewall settings are available?
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
based on the user's current location
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S

9. What four Directory Service types can used in Mac OS X?
Applications - Library - System - Users
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
command - options - arguments

10. Five types of accounts in 10.6
Nothing.
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root

11. What files are associated with the computer's website? What about the users' websites?
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites

12. What does the problem-reporting feature do?
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
cat - less
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.

13. How does the spotlight search service use metadata?
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen

14. What network services are provided by your Mac to facilitate Internet sharing? What options are available for Internet sharing your Mac's AirPort wireless Ethernet interface?
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.

15. What are some known issues that arise when connecting to network file services?
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.

16. What are four common issues that can interrupt network services on a Mac OS X computer?
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue

17. What is Rosetta and what types of items are not supported by Rosetta?
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s

18. What role does system launchd play in the system start-up?
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH

19. How do you provide Mac OS X file sharing services so that other computers can access them?
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
It does a 7-pass erase.

20. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data

21. Absolute path
Full directions to a specific item
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.

22. Different between absolute and relative path
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Info pane in Network Utility
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu

23. Best command to list items in a folder?
Hold down shift on startup
ls
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD

24. How do you further resolve and issue that disappears when the Mac successfully safe-boots?
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.

25. What are the two primary automation technologies for the GUI?
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.

26. What is the relationship between a network service and a network port?
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
May cause data corruption

27. What is the potential side effect of improperly unmounting or ejecting a volume?
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
May cause data corruption
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.

28. How can you identify the MAC Addresses for all of the Mac's network interfaces?
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
Info pane in Network Utility
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.

29. What happens during system shutdown?
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.

30. What are seven common types of resources Mac OS X can access from a directory service?
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.

31. Where are preferences stored? What format is generally used?
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.

32. What are six common system resources? What purpose does each one serve and where are they located?
Describe containers in the file system
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.

33. What are the four erase options in disk utility?
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase

34. How does Time Machine maintain a backup history of the system?
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at

35. How does file-fault secure a user's data?
Info pane in Network Utility
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image

36. What are PPD files responsible for?
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
command - options - arguments

37. What are the min sys req for BootCamp?
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites

38. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.

39. Why might a previously backed-up item no longer be available in Time Machine?
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.

40. How do you identify ownership and permissions of a file or folder in the Finder? In the command line?
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
computer hostname - working directory - user account
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language

41. What are the differences between ZIP archives and Disk Images?
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase

42. What are some security concerns with spotlight?
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.

43. What are three common troubleshooting techniques for issues involving failure to connect to network services?
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services

44. What backup destinations does Time Machine support?
Hold down shift on startup
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.

45. How is Disk utility's verify and repair feature used?
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services

46. What are the three primary steps for setting up bootcamp?
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Parental controls

47. Which two commands can read text files?
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
cat - less
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.

48. How does the Finder's secure empty trash work?
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
It does a 7-pass erase.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.

49. Two primary partition schemes for mac formatted drives?
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
System Profiler

50. How are the permissions on the shared folder set to allow local user sharing?
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
Parental controls

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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

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