Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X

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2. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
System Profiler
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.


3. Security risks & account types
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files


4. Four methods to access CLI
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).


5. 6 volumes supported by OS X
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.


6. 3 Default items in CLI prompt
computer hostname - working directory - user account
Hold down shift on startup
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.


7. What are four advantages of using network directory services to store account information?
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.


8. What does CUPS do?
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.


9. Why is the root of a user's home folder visible to others?
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.


10. What happens during system shutdown?
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s


11. What are the device classes used by Mac OS X to categorize peripherals? What are some examples of each class?
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.


12. How does resetting the master filevault password affect existing filevault user accounts?
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.


13. What are the min sys req for BootCamp?
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM


14. What do the terms interface - protocol - and service mean in relation to computer networks?
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
Users' public folders
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s


15. What is protected memory? What is 64 bit memory addressing?
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.


16. How do kerberos and keychain system differ for managing authentication services?
Too many to list. Hehe.
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.


17. 3 Main components of a typical command
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
It does a 7-pass erase.
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
command - options - arguments


18. Four prep steps before installing
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.


19. What are some common file flags and extended attributes used by Mac OS X?
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)


20. How does the IP transfer messages between computers on a WAN?

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21. What are they advantages of code-signing?
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.


22. What is authentication and authorization?
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?


23. Three minium requirements for creating a command line script
Full directions to a specific item
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.


24. How do permissions in the Finder appear different than those in the terminal?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
computer hostname - working directory - user account
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM


25. What password issues may arise related to the SMB service?

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26. What steps should you take when troubleshooting app issues?
ls
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.


27. Why is time machine bad at backing up large databases?
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.


28. What happens during user log-out?

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29. What three common unix commands support Mac filesystem metadata?
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
cp - mv - rm


30. How do Mac OS X computers acquire and use link-local TCP/IP addresses?

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31. What client-sharing services can Mac OS X provide?
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.


32. What three methods can be used to select the start-up disk?
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
Full directions to a specific item
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.


33. Why might a previously backed-up item no longer be available in Time Machine?
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu


34. How does the IP addresses use the MAC address to send messages between computers on a LAN?

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35. What are five common directory services and authentication services troubleshooting techniques?
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.


36. What role does loginwindow serve in system start-up?
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.


37. What four Directory Service types can used in Mac OS X?
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
computer hostname - working directory - user account
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root


38. What five network file services can you connect to from the Finder's Connect To Server dialog?
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
ls
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.


39. What is the safe boot keyboard combo?
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
Hold down shift on startup
based on the user's current location


40. What items are not loaded when Mac OS X safe boots?
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
Hold down shift on startup


41. How does the firmware password help secure against password changes?
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility


42. What are four common issues that can interrupt network services on a Mac OS X computer?
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
cp - mv - rm
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.


43. What interfaces and protocols are supported by default in in Mac OS X?
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Too many to list. Hehe.
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root


44. What are some known issues that arise when connecting to network file services?
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.


45. Where are preferences stored? What format is generally used?
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services


46. How can you identify the type of a particular application?
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase


47. What are the primary differences between local - network - and mobile accounts?
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s


48. What shared items are accessible to any user who connects via FTP?

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49. Folder/directories
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Describe containers in the file system
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing


50. How does the Finder's secure empty trash work?
It does a 7-pass erase.
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM