Test your basic knowledge |

ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Absolute path
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
Full directions to a specific item

2. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Info pane in Network Utility
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS

3. What are the visual or audible cues for each system initialization stage?
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.

4. How do you identify ownership and permissions of a file or folder in the Finder? In the command line?
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s

5. What are the primary differences between local - network - and mobile accounts?
ls
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.

6. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
System Profiler
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)

7. What is Rosetta and what types of items are not supported by Rosetta?
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.

8. What is the purpose of IP addresses and subnet masks? What is their format?
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root

9. What shared items are accessible to an administrator who connects via AFP or SMB? What about a standard user?

10. How are items inside the Finder's Network folder populated?
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Describe containers in the file system
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos

11. 3 Default items in CLI prompt
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
computer hostname - working directory - user account

12. What items are automatically started by system launchd during the system initialization process?
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution

13. Default 9 home folder folders?
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
Parental controls
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD

14. What does the firmware do? What is the POST?

15. What are some known issues that arise when connecting to network file services?
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
System Profiler
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.

16. How can you limit a user account?
Parental controls
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.

17. What are resource forks and why have they fallen out of favor?

18. Four prep steps before installing
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings

19. What files are associated with the computer's website? What about the users' websites?

20. What is target disk mode and how is it engaged?
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM

21. What is authentication and authorization?
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?

22. What are seven common types of resources Mac OS X can access from a directory service?
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
System Profiler
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.

23. What does 'ignore volume ownership' do in the Finder?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Info pane in Network Utility
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.

24. What are five common directory services and authentication services troubleshooting techniques?
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.

25. What network services are provided by your Mac to facilitate Internet sharing? What options are available for Internet sharing your Mac's AirPort wireless Ethernet interface?
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files

26. What password issues may arise related to the SMB service?

27. Why is the root of a user's home folder visible to others?
Parental controls
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility

28. Folder/directories
Describe containers in the file system
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS

29. Four methods to access CLI
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH

30. How does the spotlight search service use metadata?
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage

31. Why does the Finder hider certain folders at the root of the system volume?

32. Why might a previously backed-up item no longer be available in Time Machine?
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
Info pane in Network Utility

33. What process or processes are responsible for dashboard widgets?
Applications - Library - System - Users
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.

34. What system preference enables the accessibility features of OS X - what are they - and where are the preferences stored?
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.

35. How are the permissions on the shared folder set to allow local user sharing?
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.

36. What are the four erase options in disk utility?

37. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X

38. What do the terms interface - protocol - and service mean in relation to computer networks?
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.

39. How do you share printers with other Mac and Windows users?

40. Account attributes
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.

41. What role does system launchd play in the system start-up?
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.

42. How does resetting a user's password as an admin user affect their keychain?
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?

43. How do you provide Mac OS X file sharing services so that other computers can access them?

44. How is the DOmain Name Service used to facilitate network naming?
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.

45. What 3 types of resource contention issues can occur when fast user switching is enabled?
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on

46. Where does spotlight store its metadata index databases? How about the plugins?

47. How does Mac OS X's built-in firewall work? What advanced firewall settings are available?
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
cat - less
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.

48. Security risk with fast user switching?
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.

49. What is the potential side effect of improperly unmounting or ejecting a volume?
May cause data corruption
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
computer hostname - working directory - user account
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.

50. How do you provide Mac OS X web-sharing services?
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility