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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What happens during system shutdown?
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.

2. 3 Default items in CLI prompt
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
computer hostname - working directory - user account
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.

3. How do you identify ownership and permissions of a file or folder in the Finder? In the command line?
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files

4. What role does loginwindow serve in system start-up?
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d

5. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X

6. How do you share printers with other Mac and Windows users?

7. What are the primary system initialization stages and user environment stages in Mac OS X and what order do they start?
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.

8. What four Directory Service types can used in Mac OS X?
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites
Full directions to a specific item

9. What is authentication and authorization?
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
Describe containers in the file system
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?

10. What items are shared by default to all users?

11. What backup destinations does Time Machine support?
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.

12. Default install packages
based on the user's current location
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations

13. What is the relationship between a network service and a network port?
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.

14. Three minium requirements for creating a command line script
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings

15. What are three common authentication methods?
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
Describe containers in the file system

16. What are the visual or audible cues for each system initialization stage?
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
System Profiler
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.

17. What password issues may arise related to the SMB service?

18. Best command to list items in a folder?
ls
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.

19. What are six common system resources? What purpose does each one serve and where are they located?
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
Applications - Library - System - Users
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d

20. How does the IP transfer messages between computers on a WAN?

21. Folder/directories
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
Describe containers in the file system
Hold down shift on startup
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.

22. What is the difference between launch daemons - startup items - launch agents - and login items?

23. What does CUPS do?
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files

24. How do you further resolve and issue that disappears when the Mac successfully safe-boots?
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.

25. What are they advantages of code-signing?
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.

26. Difference between disk drives - partition - and volume

27. What are some security concerns with spotlight?
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
Info pane in Network Utility
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.

28. What three methods can be used to select the start-up disk?
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
Too many to list. Hehe.

29. Where does spotlight store its metadata index databases? How about the plugins?

30. Min hardware requirements for 10.6
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.

31. What are five common directory services and authentication services troubleshooting techniques?
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
May cause data corruption
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files

32. What type of files are omitted from time machine backups?
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.

33. What is Rosetta and what types of items are not supported by Rosetta?
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.

34. How do you use disk utility to burn an optical disk?
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Users' public folders

35. What do the terms interface - protocol - and service mean in relation to computer networks?
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.

36. Utilities available from OS X install DVD
iSync allows you to sync personal info between Mac OS X apps and peripherals like Palm PDAs - and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S
System Profiler - Disk Utility - Reset Password Utility - Firmware Password - Restore from Time Machine Backup - Startup Disk - Terminal - Network Utility
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.

37. How do you use the finder's burn folder feature?
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.

38. What does Mac OS X use bundles or packages for?

39. Why might a previously backed-up item no longer be available in Time Machine?
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)

40. What are four common issues that can interrupt network services on a Mac OS X computer?
Hold down shift on startup
cp - mv - rm
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue

41. How does the default organization of the filesystem allow users to safely share local files and folder?
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Users' public folders
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.

42. How are the permissions on the shared folder set to allow local user sharing?
based on the user's current location
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.

43. How do permissions in the Finder appear different than those in the terminal?
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
Users' public folders
To run commands as the root user

44. Locate system version - build number - serial number location
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.

45. How do Mac OS X computers acquire and use link-local TCP/IP addresses?

46. What is sudo used for?
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
To run commands as the root user

47. What files are associated with the computer's website? What about the users' websites?

48. Security risks & account types
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.

49. Five types of accounts in 10.6
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
Info pane in Network Utility
Hold down shift on startup
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.

50. How can you force quit an app from the GUI?
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
Applications - Library - System - Users