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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the primary differences between local - network - and mobile accounts?
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos

2. What is a device driver? What three primary types of device drivers are there?
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server

3. What items are automatically started by system launchd during the system initialization process?
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
computer hostname - working directory - user account
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)

4. What happens during user log-out?

5. What items are shared by default to all users?

6. Difference between disk drives - partition - and volume

7. What role does system launchd play in the system start-up?
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d

8. What is authentication and authorization?
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
To run commands as the root user
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?

9. What is the purpose of IP addresses and subnet masks? What is their format?
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files

10. What items are not loaded when Mac OS X safe boots?
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.

11. How is Disk utility's verify and repair feature used?

12. How does resetting a user's password as an admin user affect their keychain?
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.

13. 3 Main components of a typical command
Nothing.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
command - options - arguments
ls

14. What are three common troubleshooting techniques for issues involving failure to connect to network services?
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
based on the user's current location
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services

15. What process or processes are responsible for dashboard widgets?
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.

16. How does Boot Camp work?
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).

17. What is a directory as it relates to directory services?
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
Hold down shift on startup

18. Different between absolute and relative path
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.

19. Best command to list items in a folder?
System Profiler
ls
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar

20. What are PPD files responsible for?
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.

21. What are the two primary automation technologies for the GUI?
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address

22. Where are preferences stored? What format is generally used?
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
Info pane in Network Utility

23. What are the device classes used by Mac OS X to categorize peripherals? What are some examples of each class?
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase

24. Account attributes
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.

25. What four Directory Service types can used in Mac OS X?
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services

26. Relative path

27. Four methods to access CLI
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH

28. 6 Reasons to use the CLI
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD

29. How do permissions in the Finder appear different than those in the terminal?
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
Hold down shift on startup

30. How does resetting the master filevault password affect existing filevault user accounts?
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.

31. Security risk with fast user switching?
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.

32. Two primary partition schemes for mac formatted drives?
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs

33. Path
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
command - options - arguments
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.

34. What network services are provided by your Mac to facilitate Internet sharing? What options are available for Internet sharing your Mac's AirPort wireless Ethernet interface?
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.

35. What are the min sys req for BootCamp?
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Launch daemons and startup items are launched during system initialization by the system launchd process on behalf of root. Launch agents and login items are opened during the initialization of the GUI environment by the user's launchd process.

36. What is the relationship between clients and servers as it relates to network service access?
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server

37. What are four advantages of using network directory services to store account information?
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs

38. How does the system determine what app to use to open a file?
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
based on the user's current location
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.

39. What does 'ignore volume ownership' do in the Finder?
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
Hold down shift on startup
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location

40. Default 9 home folder folders?
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.

41. What are seven common types of resources Mac OS X can access from a directory service?
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.

42. Which two commands can read text files?
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
cat - less
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.

43. How are the permissions on the shared folder set to allow local user sharing?
cat - less
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
Full directions to a specific item
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.

44. What type of files are omitted from time machine backups?
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.

45. How does Mac OS X's built-in firewall work? What advanced firewall settings are available?
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.

46. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
System Profiler

47. What is the difference between safe boot - safe mode - and safe login?
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.

48. What shared items are accessible to an administrator who connects via AFP or SMB? What about a standard user?

49. 3 Default items in CLI prompt
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
computer hostname - working directory - user account
It's a special permission used to define a folder as an append-only destination (only the creator can delete the file he creates)
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.

50. What system preference enables the accessibility features of OS X - what are they - and where are the preferences stored?
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location