Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the problem-reporting feature do?
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
computer hostname - working directory - user account
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.


2. How does Time Machine maintain a backup history of the system?

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3. Best command to list items in a folder?
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
ls
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.


4. What four Directory Service types can used in Mac OS X?
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
Info pane in Network Utility
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.


5. How does the firmware password help secure against password changes?
System Profiler
Applications - Library - System - Users
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.


6. What items are not loaded when Mac OS X safe boots?
Disk drive is the hardware itself - partitions are logical divisions of a drive's storage - and volumes are stored inside partitions and define how data is stored to the storage
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
Describe containers in the file system
It stores the home folder as an encrypted sparse-bundle disk image


7. What are some common file flags and extended attributes used by Mac OS X?
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language


8. What are the differences between ZIP archives and Disk Images?
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV


9. What is the purpose of IP addresses and subnet masks? What is their format?
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
IP addresses identify the location of a specific network device. Subnet masks are used by network devices to identify their local network range. IPv4 addresses are a 32-bit number represented in 4 groups of four octets separated by periods. 0-255.


10. How can you identify which apps are installed on a Mac?
System Profiler
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s


11. Where are preferences stored? What format is generally used?
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.


12. What are four common issues that can interrupt network services on a Mac OS X computer?
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.


13. How does the system determine what app to use to open a file?
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)


14. What are three common authentication methods?
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
Full directions to a specific item
Hold down shift on startup


15. Default 9 home folder folders?
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location


16. What is Rosetta and what types of items are not supported by Rosetta?
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.


17. What interfaces and protocols are supported by default in in Mac OS X?
Too many to list. Hehe.
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu
The loginwindow process logs all users out and then tells the kernel to quit all remaining system processes.


18. What are the four default top-level folders available in the Finder?
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
Applications - Library - System - Users


19. How does the IP addresses use the MAC address to send messages between computers on a LAN?

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20. How does Boot Camp work?
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD


21. What are resource forks and why have they fallen out of favor?

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22. What is protected memory? What is 64 bit memory addressing?
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.


23. What is the potential side effect of improperly unmounting or ejecting a volume?
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
Full directions to a specific item
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
May cause data corruption


24. Three minium requirements for creating a command line script
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Info pane in Network Utility
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
About this mac or system profiler. System is general release number - build is specific - and serial number represents the machine.


25. What system preference enables the accessibility features of OS X - what are they - and where are the preferences stored?
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences


26. What is the relationship between clients and servers as it relates to network service access?
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS


27. What shared items are accessible to any user who connects via FTP?

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28. What are three common troubleshooting techniques for issues involving failure to connect to network services?
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services


29. 3 Default items in CLI prompt
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
Hold down shift on startup
computer hostname - working directory - user account


30. What three methods can be used to select the start-up disk?
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing
Applications - Library - System - Users


31. What is the safe boot keyboard combo?
Hold down shift on startup
Nothing.
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.


32. Account attributes
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.


33. Five types of accounts in 10.6
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
ls


34. What are seven common types of resources Mac OS X can access from a directory service?
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)


35. How do kerberos and keychain system differ for managing authentication services?
Nothing.
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.


36. What are six common system resources? What purpose does each one serve and where are they located?
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
computer hostname - working directory - user account
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d


37. What is a device driver? What three primary types of device drivers are there?
Applications - Library - System - Users
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.


38. What are five application environments supported by Mac OS X and what are they used for?
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.


39. How does the default organization of the filesystem allow users to safely share local files and folder?
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.


40. Security risks & account types
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Applications - Library - System - Users


41. How do you use disk utility to burn an optical disk?
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
cat - less
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn


42. What process or processes are responsible for dashboard widgets?
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.


43. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X

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44. What is the sticky bit?

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45. Default install packages
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations


46. How does resetting a user's password as an admin user affect their keychain?
Info pane in Network Utility
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
Parental controls
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.


47. Security risk with fast user switching?
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.


48. Where does spotlight store its metadata index databases? How about the plugins?

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49. What does 'ignore volume ownership' do in the Finder?
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.


50. How are the permissions on the shared folder set to allow local user sharing?
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
It will allow any user to search any attached non-system volume if ownership is ignored.