Test your basic knowledge |

ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Path
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
Intel - directly attached input devices - 10.5 or later - all new firmware updates - 10.5 or greater install disc - 10 gigs of free space - 2 GB or more of RAM
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem

2. What role does system launchd play in the system start-up?
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Run the assistant - install windows - install drivers.
It does a 7-pass erase.

3. What is the potential side effect of improperly unmounting or ejecting a volume?
May cause data corruption
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.

4. How do you provide Mac OS X web-sharing services?
Nothing.
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
Single partition drives are easier to setup initially - but aren't as flexible for admin/maintenance. Multiple can segregate data

5. How do you provide Mac OS X file sharing services so that other computers can access them?

6. What are the primary differences between local - network - and mobile accounts?
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
Applications - Library - System - Users

7. What is authentication and authorization?
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.

8. Default install packages
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.
Forked files may cause issues for NFS and WebDAV. Also avoid AFP 2 on Windows file servers.

9. What are four common issues that can interrupt network services on a Mac OS X computer?
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.

10. What four Directory Service types can used in Mac OS X?
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
Code signed items include a digital signature that the system can use to verify the authenticity and integrity of the application or process and its resources.
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.

11. How do kerberos and keychain system differ for managing authentication services?
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.

12. What are three common authentication methods?
Applications - Library - System - Users
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Start the name with a . - or enable the hidden file flag.
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.

13. How are the permissions on the shared folder set to allow local user sharing?
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.

14. What is protected memory? What is 64 bit memory addressing?
cat - less
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen

15. What items are shared by default to all users?

16. How does the default organization of the filesystem allow users to safely share local files and folder?
All users can read/write - but only the creator can delete. This uses the sticky bit.
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.

17. What files are associated with the computer's website? What about the users' websites?

18. What does a keychain do?
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.

19. Which two commands can read text files?
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
Hold down shift on startup
cat - less
Apple Menu>> Force Quit - Activity Monitor - Dock contextual menu

20. How does Mac OS X use dynamic network discovery protocols to access network services?
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.

21. How does Mac OS X's built-in firewall work? What advanced firewall settings are available?
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
They're stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. A fileVault user's database is stored in his vault in his home user. Mail is in ~/Library/Mail/Mail Envelope. Spotlight plugins can be in any library folder in a folder called S

22. What do the terms interface - protocol - and service mean in relation to computer networks?
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.

23. What is a directory as it relates to directory services?
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
The status indicator lights - Green - yellow - red.
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.

24. What are the differences between ZIP archives and Disk Images?
Securely stores passwords - form-fills - etc.
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.

25. What is Rosetta and what types of items are not supported by Rosetta?
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
Too many to list. Hehe.
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.

26. What 3 types of resource contention issues can occur when fast user switching is enabled?
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.

27. What is the safe boot keyboard combo?
Hold down shift on startup
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
File>>Create Burn Folder and drag items in then press burn. OR Insert blank media and choose new Burn Folder
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.

28. Three minium requirements for creating a command line script
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
A database of information that in some cases can be shared to the network. Account information is the most commonly accessed directory resource.
Using information provided by the dynamic network services discovery protocols. Computers providing services appear as resources whereas service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.
1.) Create a plain text file w/ the 2.) Make the first line #!/bin/bash 3.) Change the permissions to allow execution

29. What are the two primary automation technologies for the GUI?
ls
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
Disconnected cable - nonfunctioning port - DHCP issue - DNS issue
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language

30. What is a Kerberos Ticket and KDC?

31. Why might a previously backed-up item no longer be available in Time Machine?
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
If the backup volume became full and removed the older item(s).
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.

32. Absolute path
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
Full directions to a specific item
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root

33. What steps should you take when troubleshooting app issues?
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.

34. What 4 methods can be used to eject a volume from the finder?
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing

35. What differentiates RAID 0 from RAID 1?
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.

36. Four prep steps before installing
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
Access is based on the local filesystem. They'll start in their home folder but can traverse anywhere they have permission to do so.

37. How do you identify ownership and permissions of a file or folder in the Finder? In the command line?
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
PostScript Printer Description (PPD) files are printer driver files that instruct the CUPS system on how to communicate with specific printer models.

38. Security risks & account types
Firmware - booter - kernel - and system launchd. Primary user environment stages are loginwindow - user launchd - and user environment.
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
Users' public folders
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files

39. What does Mac OS X use bundles or packages for?

40. What role does loginwindow serve in system start-up?
Don't erase data - zero out the data - 7-pass erase - 35-pass erase
More options than GUI - bypass finder restrictions - root access - remote ssh is invisible to users - automation easy with scripting - easy combining with ARD
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
May cause data corruption

41. What shared items are accessible to an administrator who connects via AFP or SMB? What about a standard user?

42. 6 volumes supported by OS X
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Devices providing network services broadcast their existence and Mac OS X picks up on these broadcasts and provides a list of services.
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF

43. How does file system journaling work?
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/LaunchDaemons - /Library/StartupItems - /etc/rc.local (maybe)
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
Hold down shift on startup

44. What is the relationship between clients and servers as it relates to network service access?
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.

45. What does 'ignore volume ownership' do in the Finder?
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.

46. What is a device driver? What three primary types of device drivers are there?
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
Info pane in Network Utility

47. What is sudo used for?
To run commands as the root user
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings

48. How is the DOmain Name Service used to facilitate network naming?
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
Launch Services maintains a database of associated file types and applications.

49. What are the visual or audible cues for each system initialization stage?
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Standard - Admin - Guest - Sharing-Only - Root
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services

50. Relative path