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ACSP: Apple Certified Support Professional Os X Support

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, apple

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What 3 types of resource contention issues can occur when fast user switching is enabled?
Documents - Movies - Music - Pictures - Library - Downloads - Desktop - Public - Sites
cp - mv - rm
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at

2. What are five application environments supported by Mac OS X and what are they used for?
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Hold down T on boot - allows the mac to be turned into a very large - and expensive - external hard drive or disc drive.
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Cocoa - Carbon - BSD (CLI) - X11 - Java (Cocoa is native - Carbon is based on OS 9 but still provides OS X performance - X11 is a unix windowing environment)

3. What is authentication and authorization?
Kerberos can only be used to authenticate against kerberized services and is often managed on a network-wide scale.
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?

4. What are the visual or audible cues for each system initialization stage?
command - options - arguments
ls
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen

5. Advantages/disadvantages of single/multiple partition drives in OS X

6. What files are associated with the computer's website? What about the users' websites?

7. What network services are provided by your Mac to facilitate Internet sharing? What options are available for Internet sharing your Mac's AirPort wireless Ethernet interface?
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
Your Mac provides network routing NAT - DHCP - and DNS forwarding services for any device connected. When sharing AirPort - you can specify and SSID - channel - and WEP settings.
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.

8. What are the two primary automation technologies for the GUI?
Client software is used to access services provided by a server
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Kerberos tickets are used to validate an account's identity. Kerberos uses ticket-granting-tickets and service tickets. KDC = key distribution center.

9. Security risks & account types
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
The firmware initializes the Mac's hardware and and locates the booter file on the system volume. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks for basic hardware functionality.
Prevents users from using the reset password utility on the os x install dvd because they cannot boot from it.

10. How is the DOmain Name Service used to facilitate network naming?
Print and Fax or Sharing Preferences. For windows users - you must enable users' password in the SMB file sharing settings in Sharing Preferences.
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on
The DNS Service is used to translate host names to IP addresses via forward lookups and IP addresses to domain names via reverse lookups.
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.

11. Relative path

12. Absolute path
The computer's website files are located in /Library/WebServer/Documents and each users' is inside ~/Sites
computer hostname - working directory - user account
Full directions to a specific item
Info pane in Network Utility

13. How does the spotlight search service use metadata?
Individual pieces of information used to define a user such as user ID - UUID - home directory - etc.
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.

14. What shared items are accessible to any user who connects via FTP?

15. What type of files are omitted from time machine backups?
User accounts - user groups - computer accounts - computer groups - network file mounts - management settings - and collaboration information.
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar
firmware - startup chim or bright flash of power-on light and light gray screen booter - dark gray apple logo on primary display kernel - small gray spinning gear system launchd - bright blue screen
Temp files - spotlight indexes - items in the trash - and any files defined as exempt either by you or by an application.

16. 6 volumes supported by OS X
Run PPC based apps on newer Intel macs. It does not support pre-OS X apps - the Classic environment - PPC screen-savers - PPC preference panes - G5 specific apps - PPC kernel extensions - some Java apps
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF

17. How can you identify the MAC Addresses for all of the Mac's network interfaces?
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
based on the user's current location
Info pane in Network Utility

18. What three common unix commands support Mac filesystem metadata?
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.
cp - mv - rm
The user's loginwindow process does the following: Request that all user applications quit - quits any user backgroun processes - runs any logout scripts - records the logout to the man system.log - resets device permissions and preferences to defaul

19. How does the default organization of the filesystem allow users to safely share local files and folder?
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
Full directions to a specific item
Every home folder has the public folder and dropbox folder whereas all other home folders are protected.
GUID partition table for intel-based macs - Apple-Partition-Map for PPC macs

20. Different between absolute and relative path
A driver is a piece of software designed to facilitate the communication between Mac OS X and the peripheral. There are kernel extensions - framework plug-ins - or stand-alone applications.
Absolute always start at the root of the filesystem - whereas relative paths start where the user is current at
Screen sharing - remote login - remote management - remote apple events - and Xgrid sharing
Press the eject button - file>>eject - drag to trash - press eject in the sidebar

21. Four prep steps before installing
Users' passwords must be stored in a special format - which is less secure - and must be explicitly enabled.
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
Users' public folders

22. What are six common system resources? What purpose does each one serve and where are they located?
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
HFS+ (Mac OS X Extended Journaled - Mac OS X Extended Case Sensitive Journaled - Mac OS X Extended) - HFS - UFS - FAT32 - NTFS - UDF
This will not change the keychain. They can either unlock the keychain with the old password to sync them - or create a new keychain.
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display

23. What steps should you take when troubleshooting app issues?
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
This ignores any ownership rules and will grant any logged-on user unlimited access to the contents of the volume.
Restart the app - try another document - try another user account - check log files - delete caches - replace preferences - and replace app resources.
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler

24. What is protected memory? What is 64 bit memory addressing?
Terminal - Single User Mode - >Console from login window - SSH
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
cat - less
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address

25. What system preference enables the accessibility features of OS X - what are they - and where are the preferences stored?
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.

26. What three methods can be used to select the start-up disk?
Too many to list. Hehe.
Users don't traditionally need access to them - and if they do - they can use Terminal.
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
computer hostname - working directory - user account

27. How do permissions in the Finder appear different than those in the terminal?
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
User preferences are in ~/Library and the format is often Property List - which is just a special XML file.
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.

28. What are the primary differences between local - network - and mobile accounts?
Local accounts are just for that Mac - network accounts are available anywhere on the network - and Mobile accounts create a cached local copy of a network account for offline access.
Defines the directions to a specific item in the filesystem
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.
They're used to combine complex items into individual folders. Packages appear as a single item.

29. What does the problem-reporting feature do?
It enacts itself any time an App crashes or hangs indefinitely. It send an error report and any comments to Apple.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
Locally connected volumes are fully accessible to any logged in user.
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations

30. What is the sticky bit?

31. How do you further resolve and issue that disappears when the Mac successfully safe-boots?
1.) Try another account 2.) Reset the account password 3.) Verify directory service connectivity 4) Verify kerberos authentication & config 5.) Check directory service log files
May cause data corruption
Internet traffic goes through the primary interface.
Find the third-party resource causing the problem. Start in verbose mode and see where the startup fails.

32. What is the relationship between a network service and a network port?
Get Info from Finder or System Profiler
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
The network service operates or broadcasts on a network port.
human input devices (HIDs) like keyboards and mice - storage devices like hard drives - printers - scanners - digital cameras - video devices including both input and output - and audio devices.

33. Why is time machine bad at backing up large databases?
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
It addresses the outgoing packets based on the destination device's MAC address
It has to copy the entire thing over again on each change.
Used to make the filesystem appear less complex. Data forks and resource forks are combined to appear as a single item. They have fallen out because they're not compatible with non Mac-OS volumes and are not extensible.

34. How does file system journaling work?
Core system files - fonts - X11 - nearby & local printers - language translations
Option key - Startup Disk preference pane in OS X - or the BootCamp utility in Windows.
It records what file operations are in progress at any given moment. If a power failure or system crash occurs - it can verify the integrity by replaying the journal.
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.

35. What do the terms interface - protocol - and service mean in relation to computer networks?
Universal Access - items for the seeing or hearing impaired - keyboard and mouse difficulties - and are stored in ~/Library/Preferences
RAID 0 uses striping to increase performance. RAID 1 uses disk mirroring.
System launchd is responsible for starting every single system process. It manages system initialization and launches loginwindow.
Interface is any channel through which networks data can flow. Hardware network interfaces are defined by physical network connections - while virtual network connections are logical network connections on top of hardware connections. Protocol is a s

36. What four Directory Service types can used in Mac OS X?
Local - BSD Flat File and NIS - LDAPv3 - AD
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
based on the user's current location

37. What is the difference between safe boot - safe mode - and safe login?
The client uses the subnet mask to decide if the client is on the LAN. If it's not on the LAN - then it sends the data to the IP address of the local router. Traffic continues through routers until it reaches the destination.
Safe boot refers to when the system is starting up - safe mode is when the system is actually running - and safe login is when the system starts up the user session.
Info pane in Network Utility
It monitors all incoming connections and requests. Connections are allowed on a per-application basis. Advanced options include signing options - stealth mode - and more.

38. How do you identify ownership and permissions of a file or folder in the Finder? In the command line?
Finder get info - command line run ls -l
Hold down shift on startup
1 GB of RAM - 5 GB of disk space - DVD drive - display
Set the mac's network identification - enable the desired service - define access.System preferences >> Sharing

39. What is sudo used for?
1.) User accounts not tied to individual Macs 2.) Same user account for multiple services 3.) Kerberos SSO 4.) Define user/comp settings in a single location
To run commands as the root user
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Automator is a workflow based application whereas AppleScript is an english-like scripting language

40. What does CUPS do?
Finder shows only 4 different permissions options: read/write - read-only - write-only - and no access. Terminal can show you any possible combination.
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
The spotlight search service creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time-intensive searches nearly instantly.
Zip files are created with the Finder and are compatible with many OSes. Good for small files & small number of items. Disk Images are created in disk utility.

41. What two dynamic network service discovery protocols are supported by Mac OS X?
It will not load any third party KEXTs - third-party LaunchAgents - LaunchDaemons - StartupItems - fonts - any user login items - or any user specific LaunchAgents.
Root has unlimited access - Admin can change system files & settings - guest can dump tons of files
Bonjour and NetBios & WINS
Resource contention general - an item another user has running. Document contention for document another user has open. Peripheral contention for peripheral in use by another user. Application contention for when an app is designed to be open only on

42. How do you use disk utility to burn an optical disk?
Any Mac OS X Extended volume including volumes from disk images stored on an AFP share on OS X Server.
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.
AFP - SMB - FTP - NFS - WebDAV
Drag the disk image into disk utility and press burn

43. What password issues may arise related to the SMB service?

44. Why does the Finder hider certain folders at the root of the system volume?

45. How do you provide Mac OS X web-sharing services?
It starts with a full copy of the system and then it records any changes made to the system and only copies those changes. It creates a simulation of the entire system using hard links for files that didn't change.
Enable Web Sharing in System Preferences
It allows Windows XP SP2+ - Vista - and 7 to run natively on the Mac by running a separate partition.
Clear-text - encrypted - Kerberos

46. What are some common file flags and extended attributes used by Mac OS X?
extensions - tied to the kernel to provide hardware support - frameworks - shared code libraries - fonts - preference files - configuration info - Launch Agents and Launch Daemons - used by launchd to provide auto-starting services - logs - contain d
cp - mv - rm
Common flags include locked and hidden - Common extended attributes include an items color - spotlight comments - etc.
Authentication is who am I?Authorization is what can I do?

47. What are three common troubleshooting techniques for issues involving failure to connect to network services?
Review network preferences - review network utility preferences - and attempt to connect to different network services
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
If the DHCP request goes unanswered - it'll get a self-assigned IP in the 169.254 range.
Admins have access to any locally-connected volume whereas standard users can only access their home folders and other user's Public folders.

48. 3 Default items in CLI prompt
computer hostname - working directory - user account
loginwindow displays the login window and then sets up and manages the GUI user environment.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings
Applications - Library - System - Users

49. How does resetting the master filevault password affect existing filevault user accounts?
It's used to verify or repair the directory structure of a volume which contains all the information used to locate files and folders on the volume.
The system keeps applications from interfering with one another by segregating their memory using protected memory. 64 bit memory addressing allows apps to directly access more than 4 GB of ram.
If a known master password is reset - existing accounts are not negatively affected. If the master is reset because it was lost - however - preexisting accounts cannot be reset by the new password until the old FileVault passwords are reset.
Check for firmware updates - verify app compatibility - back up files - document critical settings

50. What process or processes are responsible for dashboard widgets?
cat - less
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) manages all printing and faxing for the system.
So they can navigate to the public or sites folder
The Dock process starts the DashboardClient process. All widgets run inside one of the two DashboardClient processes.