ADM

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the four difference life cycle costs?
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal


2. What is TCM? What is the size and what value can it take?
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order


3. How is inflation measured?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


4. 4 Measures of Dispersion
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale


5. TIF

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


6. Strengths of TOPSis...
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)


7. Why are scaling parameters important?
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
Central limit theorem
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the


8. What is the definition of CDF?
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
Mean =0 Variance =1
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.


9. Is CDF discrete or continuous - if it is discrete give the continuous equivalent - if it continuous give the discrete equivalent.
It can be continuous or discrete
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-


10. If you have a two values on a CDF what is the probability of getting a value between them?
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing


11. Does TIES use MADM or MODM? Why?
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.


12. 3 Measures of Central Tendency (& Defs)
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value


13. What is the goal of robust design?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


14. What does CLT stand for?
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
Central limit theorem
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln


15. Assumptions Used in TOPSis...
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln


16. Show and explain a pareto frontier
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
Cumulative Distribution Function
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences


17. With 15 technologies - what is the number of possible combinations?
#=2^n = 2^15
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee


18. TIES Step 6: Identify Technology
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
Technology space limits
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn


19. TIES
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.


20. Indirect Operating Cost
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
Central limit theorem


21. What is another name for a normal distribution?
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
X~N(0 -1)
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
Gaussian Distribution


22. What is TRL? Range? What does a high TRL mean?
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for


23. Other than infusing technologies - how can you create design space?
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing


24. What is the normal distribution that results from adding x+y and x[sub]y?
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'


25. interval scale
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Central limit theorem


26. Direct Operating Costs
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value


27. How do you get the CDF from the PDF?
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo


28. TIES Step 2: Design Space Conception
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
X~N(0 -1)
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix


29. In what regions of the graph is UTE applicable?
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
Mean and variance
Regions 1 to 3.
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)


30. You have a group of 5 dice. You roll the groups and sum the results of the 5 dice 4 times. What is the sample size? What are you sampling?
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.


31. Name two uncertainties accounted for by UTE. What metric does UTE use to quantify this risk?
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X


32. What is the difference between price and cost?
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal


33. Why is the normal distribution useful or important?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


34. What does CDF stand for?
Cumulative Distribution Function
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem
Gaussian Distribution
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P


35. What are the three snapshots of UTE?
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order


36. Why is learning curve used (or what is it?)
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing


37. TIES Step 7: Assess Technology
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal


38. What is probability density contour plot
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
To analytically answer 'How much design margin is really necessary?'
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)


39. What is TIM? What is the size and what value can it take?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


40. What can be done about uncertainty in requirement?
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
PE(i)=?Ft
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.


41. What is the equation for present equivalent value? Define variables.
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
PE(i)=?Ft
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.


42. 8 Steps in TIES
Mean =0 Variance =1
Gaussian Distribution
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology


43. TIES Step 3: Model and Simulation
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
CDF= ?_(-8)^8


44. What is the goal of probabilistic design?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


45. What are K- factors applied to?
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
Technology space limits
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln


46. What is the definition of ROI?
#=2^n = 2^15
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Mean and variance


47. What is the equation for the learning curve?
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.


48. Why use uniform dist for input variables (Gap Analysis)
Allows designer to assess feasibility of design
Mean and variance
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.


49. TIES Step 8: Selecting Technology

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


50. What are properties of a CDF?
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for