ADM

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. If you have a two values on a CDF what is the probability of getting a value between them?
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
X~N(0 -1)
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli


2. Why is the normal distribution useful or important?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


3. What is the difference between price and cost?
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs


4. How do you get the CDF from the PDF?
Regions 1 to 3.
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X


5. 3 Probabilistic Design Methods
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the


6. TIES Step 5: Feasible?
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
PE(i)=?Ft
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo


7. What are the four difference life cycle costs?
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.


8. What is the definition of ROI?
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
Gaussian Distribution


9. What are the different types of UTEs?
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE


10. What does CLT stand for?
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Central limit theorem


11. 8 Steps in TIES
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
Central limit theorem
X~N(0 -1)
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology


12. Other than infusing technologies - how can you create design space?
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
To analytically answer 'How much design margin is really necessary?'


13. What two variables are necessary to define a normal distribution?
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Mean and variance
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
#=2^n = 2^15


14. Assumptions Used in TOPSis...
PE(i)=?Ft
Mean and variance
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln


15. What is TRL? Range? What does a high TRL mean?
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
To analytically answer 'How much design margin is really necessary?'
Regions 1 to 3.
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for


16. TIES Step 4: Investigate Design Space
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Gaussian Distribution
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs


17. What is the goal of robust design?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


18. What can be done about uncertainty in requirement?
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
PE(i)=?Ft
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.


19. Indirect Operating Cost
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
It can be continuous or discrete
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem


20. Weaknesses of TOPSis...
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer


21. You have a group of 5 dice. You roll the groups and sum the results of the 5 dice 4 times. What is the sample size? What are you sampling?
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo


22. TIES
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli


23. What does CDF stand for?
Cumulative Distribution Function
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem


24. Why do we use a sample?
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)


25. What is probability density contour plot
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value


26. What is the equation for the learning curve?
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)


27. What is another name for a normal distribution?
Gaussian Distribution
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)


28. TIF

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


29. How is inflation measured?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


30. What are K- factors applied to?
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
Technology space limits


31. Is CDF discrete or continuous - if it is discrete give the continuous equivalent - if it continuous give the discrete equivalent.
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
Mean and variance
It can be continuous or discrete


32. What is the goal of probabilistic design?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


33. What is the definition of inflation?
Mean =0 Variance =1
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem


34. TIES Step 1: Problem Definition
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'


35. Why is learning curve used (or what is it?)
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.
Gaussian Distribution


36. Why use uniform dist for input variables (Gap Analysis)
Gaussian Distribution
Allows designer to assess feasibility of design
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences


37. Show and explain a pareto frontier
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X


38. MODM
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix
X~N(0 -1)


39. TIES Step 6: Identify Technology
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn


40. Why are scaling parameters important?
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P


41. What can management do to mitigate the risk associated with infusing new technologies?
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
Mean =0 Variance =1


42. If you have two compatible mature technologies to infuse - or one not mature technology - which will have the most variance?
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32


43. What is the equation for present equivalent value? Define variables.
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
X~N(0 -1)
PE(i)=?Ft
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution


44. In what regions of the graph is UTE applicable?
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Regions 1 to 3.
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution


45. What is the normal distribution that results from adding x+y and x[sub]y?
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
Technology space limits


46. TIES Step 8: Selecting Technology

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


47. With 15 technologies - what is the number of possible combinations?
Cumulative Distribution Function
#=2^n = 2^15
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.


48. What is the definition of CDF?
#=2^n = 2^15
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.


49. What are the parameters for a standard normal distribution?
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
Mean =0 Variance =1


50. TIES Step 7: Assess Technology
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.