Test your basic knowledge |

ADM

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 4 Measures of Dispersion
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli

2. TIES Step 3: Model and Simulation
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing

3. Name two uncertainties accounted for by UTE. What metric does UTE use to quantify this risk?
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution

4. TIES
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer

5. You have a group of 5 dice. You roll the groups and sum the results of the 5 dice 4 times. What is the sample size? What are you sampling?
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.

6. What is the difference between price and cost?
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale

7. TIF

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

8. TIES Step 7: Assess Technology
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
#=2^n = 2^15

9. What does the CLT state - be specific!
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn

10. Does TIES use MADM or MODM? Why?
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'

11. What is TIM? What is the size and what value can it take?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

12. What is TRL? Range? What does a high TRL mean?
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE

13. What can management do to mitigate the risk associated with infusing new technologies?
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Regions 1 to 3.

14. What does CDF stand for?
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
Cumulative Distribution Function
CDF= ?_(-8)^8

15. What is TCM? What is the size and what value can it take?
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.

16. Define fixed cost and variable cost.
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.

17. What is the definition of ROI?
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.

18. What is the equation for the learning curve?
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor

19. Why is learning curve used (or what is it?)
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.

20. 3 Probabilistic Design Methods
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)

21. Name the advantages of UTE.
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline

22. $/RPM Equation
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
Mean and variance

23. What are the four difference life cycle costs?
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution

24. Indirect Operating Cost
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.

25. TIES Step 1: Problem Definition
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)

26. 8 Steps in TIES
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N

27. 3 Measures of Central Tendency (& Defs)
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE

28. What are the different types of UTEs?
It can be continuous or discrete
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.

29. What can be done about uncertainty in requirement?
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration

30. What two variables are necessary to define a normal distribution?
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem
Mean and variance
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology

31. Write down a formula for a normal distribution
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
Regions 1 to 3.
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer

32. TIES Step 5: Feasible?
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.

33. MADM
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
X~N(0 -1)
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
Mean =0 Variance =1

34. TIES Step 4: Investigate Design Space
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale

35. What is probability density contour plot
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.

36. If you have two compatible mature technologies to infuse - or one not mature technology - which will have the most variance?
Technology space limits
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32

37. What is the notation for a standard normal distribution?
X~N(0 -1)
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.

38. Direct Operating Costs
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
Mean and variance
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD

39. If you have a two values on a CDF what is the probability of getting a value between them?
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population

40. In what regions of the graph is UTE applicable?
Regions 1 to 3.
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value

41. What is satisficing - what is optimizing?
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X

42. What is another name for a normal distribution?
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
Gaussian Distribution

43. Assumptions Used in TOPSis...
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
X~N(0 -1)
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln

44. What is the definition of inflation?
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-

45. What is the equation for present equivalent value? Define variables.
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
PE(i)=?Ft
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'

46. Why is the normal distribution useful or important?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

47. MODM
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
Central limit theorem
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)

48. How do you get the CDF from the PDF?
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
CDF= ?_(-8)^8

49. What is the definition of CDF?
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
Allows designer to assess feasibility of design

50. Weaknesses of TOPSis...
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X