Test your basic knowledge |

ADM

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is TCM? What is the size and what value can it take?
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each

2. What is satisficing - what is optimizing?
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'

3. How do you get the CDF from the PDF?
Mean =0 Variance =1
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE

4. What does CLT stand for?
Central limit theorem
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order
Mean and variance

5. What is the equation for the learning curve?
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X

6. Strengths of TOPSis...
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
Mean =0 Variance =1
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order
Cumulative Distribution Function

7. TIES Step 1: Problem Definition
Gaussian Distribution
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology

8. Indirect Operating Cost
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)

9. In what regions of the graph is UTE applicable?
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Regions 1 to 3.
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.

10. Define fixed cost and variable cost.
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.

11. What does the CLT state - be specific!
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
Cumulative Distribution Function

12. TIES Step 7: Assess Technology
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Regions 1 to 3.
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)

13. 3 Probabilistic Design Methods
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.

14. What are K- factors applied to?
Technology space limits
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
CDF= ?_(-8)^8

15. What are properties of a CDF?
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing

16. What is the notation for a standard normal distribution?
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
X~N(0 -1)

17. If you have a two values on a CDF what is the probability of getting a value between them?
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln

18. With 15 technologies - what is the number of possible combinations?
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
#=2^n = 2^15

19. What are the parameters for a standard normal distribution?
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Mean =0 Variance =1
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each

20. What is the definition of CDF?
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
Regions 1 to 3.
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness

21. Show and explain a pareto frontier
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
PE(i)=?Ft
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences

22. Ratio scale
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.

23. How is inflation measured?

24. Assumptions Used in TOPSis...
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
#=2^n = 2^15
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.

25. MODM
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)

26. Write down a formula for a normal distribution
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-

27. Direct Operating Costs
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor

28. TIES Step 6: Identify Technology
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.

29. What is the goal of probabilistic design?

30. What can management do to mitigate the risk associated with infusing new technologies?
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.
Technology space limits

31. 4 Measures of Dispersion
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
Regions 1 to 3.

32. What is another name for a normal distribution?
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Gaussian Distribution
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer

33. TIES Step 3: Model and Simulation
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE

34. TIES Step 4: Investigate Design Space
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.

35. TIF

36. Name two uncertainties accounted for by UTE. What metric does UTE use to quantify this risk?
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Mean =0 Variance =1
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)

37. Other than infusing technologies - how can you create design space?
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space

38. $/RPM Equation
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.

39. Why are scaling parameters important?
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
X~N(0 -1)
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)

40. What is the equation for OEC if X is a benefit (maximize) and N is a cost (minimize)?
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee

41. What is the goal of robust design?

42. Why is the normal distribution useful or important?

43. What is TIM? What is the size and what value can it take?

44. What are the three snapshots of UTE?
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.

45. TIES
Gaussian Distribution
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.

46. What does TOPSIS stand for?
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
Allows designer to assess feasibility of design
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution

47. What are the four difference life cycle costs?
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
#=2^n = 2^15
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal

48. What two variables are necessary to define a normal distribution?
Mean and variance
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)

49. Weaknesses of TOPSis...
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers

50. 8 Steps in TIES
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology