ADM

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the normal distribution that results from adding x+y and x[sub]y?
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)


2. What is another name for a normal distribution?
Gaussian Distribution
To analytically answer 'How much design margin is really necessary?'
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences


3. Name two uncertainties accounted for by UTE. What metric does UTE use to quantify this risk?
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
Central limit theorem
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.


4. If you have two compatible mature technologies to infuse - or one not mature technology - which will have the most variance?
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.


5. What are K- factors applied to?
Technology space limits
It can be continuous or discrete
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem


6. What is TIM? What is the size and what value can it take?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


7. What is satisficing - what is optimizing?
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
Cumulative Distribution Function
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)


8. TIES Step 6: Identify Technology
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)


9. What are the different types of UTEs?
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs
It can be continuous or discrete
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)


10. What two variables are necessary to define a normal distribution?
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo
Mean and variance


11. Is CDF discrete or continuous - if it is discrete give the continuous equivalent - if it continuous give the discrete equivalent.
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
It can be continuous or discrete


12. Assumptions Used in TOPSis...
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future
Central limit theorem


13. MODM
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
To analytically answer 'How much design margin is really necessary?'
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration


14. Why is the normal distribution useful or important?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


15. What are the three snapshots of UTE?
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
X~N(0 -1)


16. Direct Operating Costs
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
Gaussian Distribution


17. MADM
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
PE(i)=?Ft
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.


18. TIES Step 8: Selecting Technology

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


19. TIES Step 2: Design Space Conception
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo


20. 4 Measures of Dispersion
#=2^n = 2^15
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)


21. Does TIES use MADM or MODM? Why?
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.


22. What is the goal of robust design?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


23. What is the definition of CDF?
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
PE(i)=?Ft
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.


24. How do you get the CDF from the PDF?
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
CDF= ?_(-8)^8


25. Weaknesses of TOPSis...
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
Mean =0 Variance =1
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective


26. Why are scaling parameters important?
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.


27. Write down a formula for a normal distribution
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-


28. What is the equation for present equivalent value? Define variables.
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
PE(i)=?Ft
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem


29. You have a group of 5 dice. You roll the groups and sum the results of the 5 dice 4 times. What is the sample size? What are you sampling?
To analytically answer 'How much design margin is really necessary?'
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.


30. What is the definition of ROI?
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)


31. TIES Step 7: Assess Technology
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future


32. TIES Step 4: Investigate Design Space
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.


33. How is inflation measured?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


34. What is TCM? What is the size and what value can it take?
Regions 1 to 3.
To analytically answer 'How much design margin is really necessary?'
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each


35. What does CLT stand for?
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
Central limit theorem


36. Ratio scale
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.


37. What are the four difference life cycle costs?
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
Technology space limits


38. What is the equation for OEC if X is a benefit (maximize) and N is a cost (minimize)?
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.


39. What is TRL? Range? What does a high TRL mean?
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-


40. Why is learning curve used (or what is it?)
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale


41. What does TOPSIS stand for?
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.


42. If you have a two values on a CDF what is the probability of getting a value between them?
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each


43. What is probability density contour plot
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli


44. What does the CLT state - be specific!
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'


45. What is the definition of inflation?
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
PE(i)=?Ft
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Cumulative Distribution Function


46. 3 Measures of Central Tendency (& Defs)
X~N(0 -1)
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value


47. Indirect Operating Cost
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing


48. interval scale
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Mean and variance


49. In what regions of the graph is UTE applicable?
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.
#=2^n = 2^15
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
Regions 1 to 3.


50. What is the goal of probabilistic design?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183