Test your basic knowledge |

ADM

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. TIES Step 7: Assess Technology
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln

2. TIES Step 4: Investigate Design Space
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
It can be continuous or discrete

3. What are properties of a CDF?
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
Central limit theorem
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing

4. What is probability density contour plot
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli

5. Direct Operating Costs
Cumulative Distribution Function
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population

6. What is the equation for the learning curve?
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo

7. TIES Step 1: Problem Definition
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo

8. What are K- factors applied to?
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
Technology space limits
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.

9. Define fixed cost and variable cost.
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)

10. If you have a two values on a CDF what is the probability of getting a value between them?
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs

11. What is the notation for a standard normal distribution?
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.
X~N(0 -1)
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing

12. TIES Step 6: Identify Technology
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
#=2^n = 2^15
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population

13. MODM
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences

14. $/RPM Equation
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
#=2^n = 2^15
Technology space limits
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers

15. Why do we use a sample?
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.

16. What are the three snapshots of UTE?
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P

17. What is TIM? What is the size and what value can it take?

18. What does TOPSIS stand for?
Central limit theorem
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.

19. Show and explain a pareto frontier
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)

20. 8 Steps in TIES
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
CDF= ?_(-8)^8

21. What are the four difference life cycle costs?
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
Central limit theorem

22. TIF

23. What is the normal distribution that results from adding x+y and x[sub]y?
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)

24. What does CLT stand for?
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
Central limit theorem

25. Write down a formula for a normal distribution
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.

26. What can management do to mitigate the risk associated with infusing new technologies?
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
Central limit theorem
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal

27. What is the equation for OEC if X is a benefit (maximize) and N is a cost (minimize)?
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N

28. TIES
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
Mean =0 Variance =1
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective

29. What is the definition of ROI?
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future

30. Name two uncertainties accounted for by UTE. What metric does UTE use to quantify this risk?
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
Gaussian Distribution

31. What are the different types of UTEs?
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.

32. What does CDF stand for?
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
Cumulative Distribution Function

33. 4 Measures of Dispersion
It can be continuous or discrete
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.

34. With 15 technologies - what is the number of possible combinations?
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
#=2^n = 2^15

35. What is the goal of robust design?

36. MADM
Gaussian Distribution
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.

37. You have a group of 5 dice. You roll the groups and sum the results of the 5 dice 4 times. What is the sample size? What are you sampling?
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
#=2^n = 2^15
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met

38. How is inflation measured?

39. What is the difference between price and cost?
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)

40. Why is learning curve used (or what is it?)
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.

41. If you have two compatible mature technologies to infuse - or one not mature technology - which will have the most variance?
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32

42. Name the advantages of UTE.
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available

43. Does TIES use MADM or MODM? Why?
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE

44. TIES Step 2: Design Space Conception
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
Technology space limits
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix

45. What are the parameters for a standard normal distribution?
Mean =0 Variance =1
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness

46. What is the equation for present equivalent value? Define variables.
PE(i)=?Ft
X~N(0 -1)
To analytically answer 'How much design margin is really necessary?'
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs

47. interval scale
X~N(0 -1)
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor

48. What does the CLT state - be specific!
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs

49. What two variables are necessary to define a normal distribution?
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
Mean and variance
Cumulative Distribution Function

50. Is CDF discrete or continuous - if it is discrete give the continuous equivalent - if it continuous give the discrete equivalent.
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
It can be continuous or discrete
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.