ADM

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. TIF

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


2. With 15 technologies - what is the number of possible combinations?
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
#=2^n = 2^15
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee


3. TIES Step 7: Assess Technology
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem


4. What is the equation for present equivalent value? Define variables.
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs
PE(i)=?Ft
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'


5. What is TIM? What is the size and what value can it take?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


6. If you have two compatible mature technologies to infuse - or one not mature technology - which will have the most variance?
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)


7. Is CDF discrete or continuous - if it is discrete give the continuous equivalent - if it continuous give the discrete equivalent.
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Gaussian Distribution
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
It can be continuous or discrete


8. Name two uncertainties accounted for by UTE. What metric does UTE use to quantify this risk?
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for


9. What is another name for a normal distribution?
Gaussian Distribution
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences


10. Does TIES use MADM or MODM? Why?
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.


11. Why are scaling parameters important?
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)


12. Show and explain a pareto frontier
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
PE(i)=?Ft
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order


13. MADM
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
X~N(0 -1)


14. What is the equation for the learning curve?
X~N(0 -1)
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.


15. Weaknesses of TOPSis...
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
Gaussian Distribution
It can be continuous or discrete
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective


16. Direct Operating Costs
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
Mean =0 Variance =1
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers


17. TIES Step 5: Feasible?
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo


18. What is TCM? What is the size and what value can it take?
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
Mean =0 Variance =1
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem


19. TIES Step 8: Selecting Technology

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


20. TIES Step 2: Design Space Conception
It can be continuous or discrete
Allows designer to assess feasibility of design
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale


21. interval scale
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.


22. Define fixed cost and variable cost.
#=2^n = 2^15
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli


23. 3 Measures of Central Tendency (& Defs)
Regions 1 to 3.
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population


24. What does TOPSIS stand for?
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.


25. What can management do to mitigate the risk associated with infusing new technologies?
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
Mean and variance
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met


26. Assumptions Used in TOPSis...
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
#=2^n = 2^15


27. What is the notation for a standard normal distribution?
X~N(0 -1)
Technology space limits
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'


28. MODM
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.


29. TIES Step 6: Identify Technology
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Mean =0 Variance =1


30. What is the goal of robust design?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


31. In what regions of the graph is UTE applicable?
Regions 1 to 3.
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
X~N(0 -1)
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.


32. Why is the normal distribution useful or important?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


33. What are the parameters for a standard normal distribution?
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
Mean =0 Variance =1


34. Why do we use a sample?
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
Cumulative Distribution Function


35. What is the definition of inflation?
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)


36. What is the equation for OEC if X is a benefit (maximize) and N is a cost (minimize)?
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)


37. How do you get the CDF from the PDF?
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline


38. Name the advantages of UTE.
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs
PE(i)=?Ft
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.


39. How is inflation measured?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


40. What does CLT stand for?
Central limit theorem
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal


41. 8 Steps in TIES
Technology space limits
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future


42. TIES
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD


43. TIES Step 4: Investigate Design Space
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE


44. What are the four difference life cycle costs?
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available


45. What is probability density contour plot
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
Regions 1 to 3.
To analytically answer 'How much design margin is really necessary?'
#=2^n = 2^15


46. Strengths of TOPSis...
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD


47. What are properties of a CDF?
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
Regions 1 to 3.
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing


48. What two variables are necessary to define a normal distribution?
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
Mean and variance


49. What are K- factors applied to?
Technology space limits
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
#=2^n = 2^15
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale


50. $/RPM Equation
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.