ADM

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the notation for a standard normal distribution?
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
#=2^n = 2^15
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
X~N(0 -1)


2. With 15 technologies - what is the number of possible combinations?
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
PE(i)=?Ft
#=2^n = 2^15


3. What are properties of a CDF?
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Regions 1 to 3.


4. TIES Step 3: Model and Simulation
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.


5. What is TIM? What is the size and what value can it take?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


6. Does TIES use MADM or MODM? Why?
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.


7. TIES
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline


8. TIF

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


9. Name the advantages of UTE.
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Mean and variance


10. TIES Step 8: Selecting Technology

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


11. Why use uniform dist for input variables (Gap Analysis)
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
Allows designer to assess feasibility of design
Gaussian Distribution
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration


12. MODM
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.


13. TIES Step 2: Design Space Conception
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X


14. What are the four difference life cycle costs?
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
#=2^n = 2^15
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.


15. What are K- factors applied to?
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
Technology space limits
It can be continuous or discrete
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.


16. What two variables are necessary to define a normal distribution?
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Mean and variance
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness


17. What is the definition of ROI?
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)


18. What is TRL? Range? What does a high TRL mean?
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD


19. TIES Step 7: Assess Technology
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Technology space limits
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.


20. 3 Measures of Central Tendency (& Defs)
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale


21. Why are scaling parameters important?
Central limit theorem
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the


22. What is the definition of inflation?
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
Mean and variance
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
Allows designer to assess feasibility of design


23. Strengths of TOPSis...
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
#=2^n = 2^15
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order
Mean =0 Variance =1


24. Assumptions Used in TOPSis...
Cumulative Distribution Function
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.


25. What is satisficing - what is optimizing?
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.


26. What is the goal of probabilistic design?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


27. Why is the normal distribution useful or important?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


28. Define fixed cost and variable cost.
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
Cumulative Distribution Function


29. What can be done about uncertainty in requirement?
Central limit theorem
It can be continuous or discrete
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
Cumulative Distribution Function


30. Show and explain a pareto frontier
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences


31. Ratio scale
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale


32. What is TCM? What is the size and what value can it take?
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers


33. Why is learning curve used (or what is it?)
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.
Cumulative Distribution Function
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution


34. Is CDF discrete or continuous - if it is discrete give the continuous equivalent - if it continuous give the discrete equivalent.
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
It can be continuous or discrete


35. What is the definition of CDF?
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.


36. What is another name for a normal distribution?
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
To analytically answer 'How much design margin is really necessary?'
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
Gaussian Distribution


37. What are the three snapshots of UTE?
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
PE(i)=?Ft
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.


38. What are the different types of UTEs?
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD


39. What is the difference between price and cost?
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee


40. 4 Measures of Dispersion
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Technology space limits


41. What can management do to mitigate the risk associated with infusing new technologies?
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)


42. What are the parameters for a standard normal distribution?
Mean =0 Variance =1
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Central limit theorem
CDF= ?_(-8)^8


43. What is the equation for OEC if X is a benefit (maximize) and N is a cost (minimize)?
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale


44. What is probability density contour plot
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Gaussian Distribution
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population


45. TIES Step 1: Problem Definition
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
#=2^n = 2^15
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)


46. 8 Steps in TIES
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer


47. Write down a formula for a normal distribution
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness


48. Indirect Operating Cost
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
Regions 1 to 3.
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the


49. Direct Operating Costs
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
Gaussian Distribution
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available


50. What does the CLT state - be specific!
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.