ADM

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the parameters for a standard normal distribution?
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Mean =0 Variance =1


2. What is the definition of CDF?
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Mean =0 Variance =1


3. Direct Operating Costs
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
#=2^n = 2^15
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)


4. What is another name for a normal distribution?
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Gaussian Distribution
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.


5. What is probability density contour plot
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
Central limit theorem
PE(i)=?Ft
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)


6. TIES Step 8: Selecting Technology

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


7. 3 Measures of Central Tendency (& Defs)
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
Cumulative Distribution Function
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population


8. What is the definition of inflation?
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
PE(i)=?Ft


9. MODM
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale


10. What is the equation for the learning curve?
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)


11. MADM
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'


12. What can management do to mitigate the risk associated with infusing new technologies?
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)


13. Strengths of TOPSis...
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order
Mean =0 Variance =1
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn


14. TIES Step 1: Problem Definition
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
Gaussian Distribution
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD


15. Assumptions Used in TOPSis...
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln


16. Other than infusing technologies - how can you create design space?
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the


17. Weaknesses of TOPSis...
Central limit theorem
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer


18. Indirect Operating Cost
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.


19. Why is learning curve used (or what is it?)
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
To analytically answer 'How much design margin is really necessary?'


20. Show and explain a pareto frontier
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
X~N(0 -1)
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32


21. What is the equation for OEC if X is a benefit (maximize) and N is a cost (minimize)?
Allows designer to assess feasibility of design
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
Central limit theorem
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order


22. What is the difference between price and cost?
Mean =0 Variance =1
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee


23. TIES
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix


24. TIF

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


25. If you have a two values on a CDF what is the probability of getting a value between them?
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
Cumulative Distribution Function
Mean =0 Variance =1


26. Does TIES use MADM or MODM? Why?
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.


27. What is the goal of robust design?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


28. What are the different types of UTEs?
PE(i)=?Ft
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)


29. Why use uniform dist for input variables (Gap Analysis)
Allows designer to assess feasibility of design
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution


30. interval scale
Gaussian Distribution
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future


31. Write down a formula for a normal distribution
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Gaussian Distribution
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.


32. In what regions of the graph is UTE applicable?
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
PE(i)=?Ft
Regions 1 to 3.
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.


33. $/RPM Equation
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
PE(i)=?Ft
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space


34. What is TIM? What is the size and what value can it take?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


35. With 15 technologies - what is the number of possible combinations?
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
#=2^n = 2^15
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met


36. Why do we use a sample?
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
#=2^n = 2^15
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population


37. What does CLT stand for?
Central limit theorem
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Cumulative Distribution Function


38. What is the definition of ROI?
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available


39. What are the three snapshots of UTE?
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Gaussian Distribution
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P


40. What are K- factors applied to?
Mean and variance
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Technology space limits


41. TIES Step 6: Identify Technology
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
Technology space limits
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
X~N(0 -1)


42. TIES Step 4: Investigate Design Space
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.


43. What is the normal distribution that results from adding x+y and x[sub]y?
Allows designer to assess feasibility of design
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available


44. You have a group of 5 dice. You roll the groups and sum the results of the 5 dice 4 times. What is the sample size? What are you sampling?
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE


45. What is the goal of probabilistic design?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


46. Name two uncertainties accounted for by UTE. What metric does UTE use to quantify this risk?
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli


47. TIES Step 5: Feasible?
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo
Gaussian Distribution
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)


48. TIES Step 2: Design Space Conception
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.


49. Define fixed cost and variable cost.
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space


50. What two variables are necessary to define a normal distribution?
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
Mean and variance
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-