Test your basic knowledge |

ADM

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the normal distribution that results from adding x+y and x[sub]y?
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.

2. What is the difference between price and cost?
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.

3. What are the three snapshots of UTE?
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X

4. What is the definition of ROI?
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)

5. Assumptions Used in TOPSis...
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P

6. MADM
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'

7. If you have a two values on a CDF what is the probability of getting a value between them?
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)

8. If you have two compatible mature technologies to infuse - or one not mature technology - which will have the most variance?
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.

9. What two variables are necessary to define a normal distribution?
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
To analytically answer 'How much design margin is really necessary?'
Mean and variance
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P

10. What is TRL? Range? What does a high TRL mean?
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-

11. Show and explain a pareto frontier
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
Central limit theorem
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.

12. Why use uniform dist for input variables (Gap Analysis)
Allows designer to assess feasibility of design
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)

13. TIES Step 5: Feasible?
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
To analytically answer 'How much design margin is really necessary?'
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo

14. 8 Steps in TIES
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs

15. What are the four difference life cycle costs?
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs

16. interval scale
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale

17. 3 Measures of Central Tendency (& Defs)
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P

18. What is the equation for the learning curve?
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor

19. TIES Step 1: Problem Definition
Mean =0 Variance =1
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn

20. How is inflation measured?
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
Technology space limits
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.

21. Other than infusing technologies - how can you create design space?
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Regions 1 to 3.

22. Name the advantages of UTE.
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences

23. What does TOPSIS stand for?
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
Central limit theorem
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem

24. Define fixed cost and variable cost.
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)

25. Why are scaling parameters important?
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the

26. Name two uncertainties accounted for by UTE. What metric does UTE use to quantify this risk?
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD

27. You have a group of 5 dice. You roll the groups and sum the results of the 5 dice 4 times. What is the sample size? What are you sampling?
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
Central limit theorem
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)

28. What is the equation for present equivalent value? Define variables.
PE(i)=?Ft
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order

29. What can management do to mitigate the risk associated with infusing new technologies?
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences

30. What is another name for a normal distribution?
Gaussian Distribution
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.

31. TIES Step 4: Investigate Design Space
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo
Allows designer to assess feasibility of design
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.

32. What are the parameters for a standard normal distribution?
It can be continuous or discrete
Mean =0 Variance =1
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.

33. In what regions of the graph is UTE applicable?
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
Regions 1 to 3.
Mean =0 Variance =1
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for

34. What is the goal of robust design?
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD

35. What does CDF stand for?
Cumulative Distribution Function
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Technology space limits

36. What is TCM? What is the size and what value can it take?
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
Mean and variance
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers

37. What is the definition of inflation?
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available

38. Write down a formula for a normal distribution
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-

39. Direct Operating Costs
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)

40. Why do we use a sample?
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-

41. Strengths of TOPSis...
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order

42. Why is learning curve used (or what is it?)
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
Central limit theorem

43. What are the different types of UTEs?
PE(i)=?Ft
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
Cumulative Distribution Function
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-

44. What are K- factors applied to?
Identified techs are now applied to the vehicle concepts and evaluated. Evaluation provided data/info to the decision - maker. Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
Technology space limits

45. TIES Step 8: Selecting Technology
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met

46. What is satisficing - what is optimizing?
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution

47. TIES
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer

48. What is the notation for a standard normal distribution?
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs
X~N(0 -1)
Central limit theorem

49. What is probability density contour plot
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli

50. What is the definition of CDF?
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.

Test your basic knowledge |

ADM

Communication skills, Self help skills, Self improvement skills, Productivity skills, Writing skills, Business skills, Thinking skills & More...

502 Pages | Only $12 | PDF / EPub, Kindle Ready

Link to This Test

Related Subjects