ADM

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. MADM
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
Mean =0 Variance =1
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.


2. What is the goal of robust design?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


3. TIES Step 5: Feasible?
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N


4. Name the advantages of UTE.
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each


5. How is inflation measured?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


6. What is TRL? Range? What does a high TRL mean?
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.


7. What is the equation for present equivalent value? Define variables.
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
PE(i)=?Ft
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale


8. Show and explain a pareto frontier
#=2^n = 2^15
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences


9. $/RPM Equation
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
Technology space limits
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli


10. What is probability density contour plot
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-


11. What can management do to mitigate the risk associated with infusing new technologies?
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration


12. What is the goal of probabilistic design?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


13. TIF

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


14. If you have two compatible mature technologies to infuse - or one not mature technology - which will have the most variance?
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli


15. What are properties of a CDF?
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
Gaussian Distribution


16. Other than infusing technologies - how can you create design space?
Gaussian Distribution
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space


17. Ratio scale
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each


18. 8 Steps in TIES
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met


19. Define fixed cost and variable cost.
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective


20. You have a group of 5 dice. You roll the groups and sum the results of the 5 dice 4 times. What is the sample size? What are you sampling?
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
A probability density contour plot is a visualization method for Joint probability density function (a 2D representation). Their shapes (contour shapes) tell if the metric analyzed in each axis are correlated or not (Circular -> no correlation) (elli
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.


21. TIES Step 8: Selecting Technology

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


22. What are the four difference life cycle costs?
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
Mean and variance


23. Weaknesses of TOPSis...
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective


24. What is TCM? What is the size and what value can it take?
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each


25. 3 Measures of Central Tendency (& Defs)
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Regions 1 to 3.
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
CDF= ?_(-8)^8


26. Why do we use a sample?
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
Mean =0 Variance =1


27. What does CLT stand for?
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
Central limit theorem
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Regions 1 to 3.


28. What is the definition of ROI?
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
Central limit theorem
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix


29. TIES Step 2: Design Space Conception
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
#=2^n = 2^15
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix


30. Write down a formula for a normal distribution
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.


31. TIES Step 6: Identify Technology
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo


32. Why is the normal distribution useful or important?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


33. What is the equation for OEC if X is a benefit (maximize) and N is a cost (minimize)?
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
Mean =0 Variance =1
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
It can be continuous or discrete


34. What is the difference between price and cost?
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
CDF= ?_(-8)^8


35. Direct Operating Costs
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
Technology space limits
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)


36. Assumptions Used in TOPSis...
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo


37. What does the CLT state - be specific!
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.


38. MODM
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.


39. TIES
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
Central limit theorem


40. Why use uniform dist for input variables (Gap Analysis)
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
A sample is a subset of a population. We use samples because we very rarely have the resources to test/examine an entire population
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order
Allows designer to assess feasibility of design


41. Why are scaling parameters important?
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for


42. What does TOPSIS stand for?
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo


43. How do you get the CDF from the PDF?
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future
Central limit theorem
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.


44. What is the definition of inflation?
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
Regions 1 to 3.
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future


45. What are the three snapshots of UTE?
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
PE(i)=?Ft


46. What is the equation for the learning curve?
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor


47. TIES Step 3: Model and Simulation
Cumulative Distribution Function
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X


48. What are the different types of UTEs?
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)


49. What can be done about uncertainty in requirement?
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.


50. What is another name for a normal distribution?
Allows designer to assess feasibility of design
Gaussian Distribution
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective