Test your basic knowledge |

ADM

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 8 Steps in TIES
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem
y = kx^n - y: production effort k: effort for first unit x: # of units n: learning factor
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology

2. What is the goal of robust design?

3. Does TIES use MADM or MODM? Why?
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
It can be continuous or discrete
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.

4. What is TIM? What is the size and what value can it take?

5. $/RPM Equation
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline

6. What are K- factors applied to?
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
Technology space limits
Cost: investment required to produce and item - Price: amount required to purchase said item - Price = cost + profit/fee
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo

7. TIES Step 3: Model and Simulation
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
To analytically answer 'How much design margin is really necessary?'
Active UTE (additive) - Product UTE (multiplicative)

8. How is inflation measured?

9. Name two uncertainties accounted for by UTE. What metric does UTE use to quantify this risk?
Technology Impacts Requirements uncertainty (creep/change) - Quantified by probability of success/satisfaction: P(success)
Technology Readiness Level Ranges 1-9 - where 1 means that the basic principle have been observed and reported and 9 means the technology has had successful missions A high tech means the technology is pretty developed and should be (or is) ready for
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space

10. Define fixed cost and variable cost.
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
Fixed cost does not depend on production rate and/or size - Variable cost changes with production rate and/or size.
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space

11. interval scale
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
The first step is defining the problem - mapping customer requirements to engineering metrics. Method: QFD
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale

12. Is CDF discrete or continuous - if it is discrete give the continuous equivalent - if it continuous give the discrete equivalent.
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
X~N(0 -1)
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
It can be continuous or discrete

13. TIES Step 5: Feasible?
Cumulative Distribution Function
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Determining how feasible your design is / if your current baseline (or a variation in geometry) can meet your customer requirements. Method: Monte Carlo
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale

14. TIES Step 4: Investigate Design Space
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available
Trying to determine the metric values for any combination of design variables/ what the metrics are as a function of design variables Method: RSE: Response Surface Eqn.

15. What does TOPSIS stand for?
Regions 1 to 3.
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N

16. What can be done about uncertainty in requirement?
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Look at multiple weight scenarios and find techs that are robust regardless of where the emphasis is put.
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available

17. What does CDF stand for?
Mean =0 Variance =1
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
Cumulative Distribution Function
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available

18. TIES Step 2: Design Space Conception
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
Determine the design space - baseline Method: Morphological Matrix
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers

19. MADM
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
To analytically answer 'What can be done to reduce the impact of sensitivities of objective to sources of uncertainty?'
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.

20. What are the three snapshots of UTE?
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P

21. MODM
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
X~N(0 -1)
Scaling parameters photographically scale the size of the vehicle to take full advantage of technology -(e.g. increase CL -> Can decrease S -> Decreases D -> Decreases Fuel Consumed -> etc...) This assumes that the physics of the problem remains the
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.

22. 4 Measures of Dispersion
The interest i such that 0=PE(i^)
Technology Impact Matrix - for n tech & m metrics of interest - nxm matrix - has 'k' factor with degradation/improvement from baseline
A technique used to determine the best alternative with all interactions between the constraints. Used for product design.
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness

23. What are properties of a CDF?
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing

24. Indirect Operating Cost
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers

25. What is the equation for OEC if X is a benefit (maximize) and N is a cost (minimize)?
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Mean =0 Variance =1
OEC = W1X/Xbsl + W2Nbsl/N
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal

26. Strengths of TOPSis...
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.
Allows designer to assess feasibility of design
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
(1) Easy to compute order of large # of alternatives (2) Gives specific ranking order

27. Name the advantages of UTE.
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
Provide for rapid trade- off capability between the three elements and search for feasible solutions - Allow graphical visualization of the combined space - Address mission requirements ambiguity and technology uncertainty.

28. You have a group of 5 dice. You roll the groups and sum the results of the 5 dice 4 times. What is the sample size? What are you sampling?
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
Sample size is 4 - the sample is the sum of the five dice.
(1) Mission Requirements - Input: Mission metrics and requirements Output: Delta response for requirements (2) Design Variables - Input: Geometric and economic design variables Output: Delta response for design variable - (3) Technologies Input: P
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem

29. What is the equation for present equivalent value? Define variables.
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
PE(i)=?Ft
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective

30. What is another name for a normal distribution?
Gaussian Distribution
Does not have a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Allows designer to assess feasibility of design
Mean =0 Variance =1

31. Why is the normal distribution useful or important?

32. TIES
Range is always between zero and 1 monotonically increasing
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
is bottom- up - you look at certain technologies and see what improvements they offer
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X

33. What does the CLT state - be specific!
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs

34. What is the notation for a standard normal distribution?
Mean and variance
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
X~N(0 -1)

35. TIES Step 8: Selecting Technology

36. If you have two compatible mature technologies to infuse - or one not mature technology - which will have the most variance?
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
(1) Expanding ranges on engineering metrics (2) Relaxing customer requirements (3) Select a different concept space
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)

37. What is the definition of CDF?
Carry a diverse portfolio of technologies during conceptual design - Limit the number of technologies in the final design - Utilize only mature technologies (high TRL)
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future
It gives the probability that a value will be met or exceeded.

38. What is TCM? What is the size and what value can it take?
X~N(0 -1)
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
Technology Compatability Matrix - For n techs - is nxn matrix - Tells whether the intersecting technologies are compatible - It only has 0s and 1s - 0 means the technologies are not compatible with each other - 1 means techs are compatible with each

39. Assumptions Used in TOPSis...
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)
Chosen alternative should be closest to positive ideal soln - and farthest from neg ideal soln
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.

40. Direct Operating Costs
A pareto frontier represents points of a non - dominated solution based on preferences
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
Required yield per revenue passenger TOC/(#OfSeats)(loadFactor)(distanceInMiles) loadFactor = % of seats filled w/ paying customers
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE

41. Ratio scale
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future
Has a natural zero - is a cardinal scale
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
Cost related to function - but not explicitly necessary. (e.g. attendant wages - advertising)

42. What is the definition of inflation?
Is top- down - you aren't looking at specific technologies - you're just looking at what you need in the future
Cost required to perform a function - without which the function cannot be performed. (e.g. fuel costs - pilot wages)
As you add n number of identical & independent distributions (IIDs) together - as n --> inf - the resulting distribution will be normal - regardless of the shape of the IIDs
Inflation is the decrease in the buying power/value of money. It is caused by the when amount of available money changes wrt amount of product/services available

43. Write down a formula for a normal distribution
CDF= ?_(-8)^8
P(between B and A)=F(B)-F(A)
F(x)=1/(s(2p)^(.5) )exp?(-(x-
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.

44. 3 Measures of Central Tendency (& Defs)
No way to tell without more information. It depends on the relation between s12+s22 and s32
Efficiency improves as better techniques are learned. As more efficient techniques are found - the learning curve begins to level off as incremental improvements decrease.
X~N(0 -1)
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value

45. What are the four difference life cycle costs?
RDTE - Investment/Acquisition - Operations and Support - Disposal
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of an average 'basket of goods' a typical consumer would purchase.
Convenient properties - Various physical - astronomic - and real life examples have roughly 'normal' behaviors - good approximation for measurements due to central limit theorem

46. What is the goal of probabilistic design?

47. TIES Step 6: Identify Technology
Range: Gives the magnitude of the spread - min and max - Variance: Indicates how spread out the data is - Skewness: Indicates if the distribution is biased - Kurtosis: Peakness
(1) Identify potential technologies that may improve technical & economical feasibility (2) Establish physical compatibility rules for diff techs (3) Determine expected impact (improvements and degradations) to systems of interest Method: TRL - Techn
Gaussian Distribution
Optimizing - finds the set of criteria that maximizes or minimizes a design criteria or several design criteria - Satisficing - finds the conditions where the constraints or requires are met but no optimization occurs.

48. Weaknesses of TOPSis...
Mean: the average - Median: The midpoint in the data - equal # of higher and lower values - Mode: Most common value
A technique that determines the best alternative based on a multi- attribute utlity function which is closest to hypothetical best solution. Used for product selection.
(1) End result not intuitive (2) Heavily reliant on weights - which are subjective
CDF= ?_(-8)^8

49. 3 Probabilistic Design Methods
(1) Problem def - (2) Design space conception (3) Model and Simulation (4) Investigate Design Space (5) Feasible? (6) Identify Technologies (7) Evaluate Technologies (8) Select Technology
Select final tech comb. For any multi attribute - constraint - or criteria problem - the selection of the 'best' family of alternatives is inherently subjective. Various selection techniques are used to provide decision maker with extensive info. Met
(1) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Monte Carlo (2) Metamodel/Response Surface + Monte Carlo (3) Sophisticated Analysis Code + Fast Probability Integration
Central limit theorem

50. What are the parameters for a standard normal distribution?
X+Y and X-Y are normally distributed. - (X
MADM - since we are selecting from existing alternatives for technology infusion. Also - TOPSIS is a MADM technique.
Mean =0 Variance =1
M&S environment is needed to facilitate rapid assessments with minimal time and monetary expenditures of the alternative concepts identified in the Morphological Matrix Method: DoE