Test your basic knowledge |

Aging Physiology And Pharmacology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what receptors increase sensitivity with aging?
Mechanical loading - skin care - avoid friction/shear
Age - psychosocial: depression - isolation - lack resources:education - $ - minority - substance abuse
Vertigo - presyncope - disequilibrium - lightheadedness
Rec for: benzodiazepines - CNS depressants - anticholinergics - VKORC (Warfarin) - Na+/K+ ATPase (digozin) - -> ^tardive dyskinesia - parkinsonism

2. How does aging affect pharmacokinetic Rx distribution?
Decreased: TBW - CO - muscle mass - increased: body fat - altered: regional BF - outcome: ^Vd lipid-sol Rx; v Vd H2O-sol Rx
AFib: Warfarin - CAD/CVA/PVD wo contraindications: Statin - osteoporosis: Ca2+ - Vit D - DM + CVD rf: Statin - Depression: a-Depressant - arterial dx: a-platelet
No: fever - leukocytosis - yes: falls - appetite change - low functional status
High mortality - esp + Fx - very common in elderly

3. What are the risks of uncontrolled ISH?
Rx use wo indication - untreated indication - failure to receive Rx - subtherapeutic Rx - OD Rx - improper Rx selection - ADR - drug interaction
CVA: stroke - AMI: acute MI - HF
Serum Cr: used for Cr clearance equation
Tx underlying etio - + Kegels - pessary - surgery

4. how can you determine whether Rx is appropriate to use in elderly patient?
Delayed absorption - like competitive inhib
Beers criteria - medication appropriateness index (12 ?)
^morbidity + mortality - -frailest @ greatest risk
Advanced ae - dementia - ADL/IADL impairment - comorbidity - EtOH - M>F - sensory impairment

5. Aging principles
Protein-energy malnutrition - biochemical: Alb <3.5g/dL - clinical: wasting - low BMI
'long lie' decline in functional status - ^ risk of being in nursing home - ^ Use of medical services - fear
1 most alike at birth - 2 ^ frailty - 3 risk dx - 4 homeostenosis: reduced reserve
Voice - character - plot - context - time - reader

6. refusing intervention
Legal: Cruzan v Hamon
Failure to provide services: healthcare - goods: food - clothing - shelter - hydration - prevention of risks/hazards
Diagnosis - risk/benefit analysis to choose Rx
^K+

7. what mechanical loading helps to prevent pressure ulcers?
Reposition/2h - movement if possible - look @heel - 20% all pressure ulcers
Overactive detrussor contraction/spasm - tx: anticholinergice --| overactive detrusor
Undocumented >50% - CAM: Confusion Assessment Method - -95% sens - spec
Used to calculate renal fcn - clearance of Cr adjusted for age

8. stress incontinence tx
Decreased: gastric emptying rate - intestinal motility - BF - surface area - gastric acid secretion - increased: gastric pH - outcome: delaye onset - peak; quant abs similar
Appointed by court if no substituted judgment -conservator of finance -conservator of person
Tx underlying etio - + Kegels - pessary - surgery
B-adrenergic - ACE inhib - baroreceptors - -> ^K+ with NSAIDS - ACEI - K+ sparing diuretics

9. What is the Cockcroft Gault equation?
Recurrent in 25% dizzy patient - common etio: psych - vestibulo/somatosensory - no ^morbidity/mortality - ^risk syncope - falls - depression - self-rated health
Acute MI/pulm events - immobility - i2 - drug withdrawal: CNS depressant - EtOH - fecal impaction
#1 COD from injury in >65yo - 10-15% result in Fx - highest mortality in elderly white M
Used to calculate renal fcn - clearance of Cr adjusted for age

10. vertigo
1/3 elderly hospital admisions - 10* risk death in hospital - complications: poor outcome - i2 - COD
Rotational sensation - usual etio: BPPV - benign paroxysmal positional vertigo - tx: Epley manuever - dislodge otolith crystals
Rx use wo indication - untreated indication - failure to receive Rx - subtherapeutic Rx - OD Rx - improper Rx selection - ADR - drug interaction
Depression - incontinence - M/S stiffness - falls - EtOH/Rx abuse - hearing loss - dementia - dental dx - malnutrition - sexual dysfcn - OA - OP

11. What is abuse?
Screen for potentially embarrassing dx - patient/Dr trust
Substance abuse - frustration/burnout - cognitive impairment - prior history of violence in FHx
Depression + nursing home - osteoporosis + nursing home - aFib/anti-coagulant - HTN - MI 1o/2o prevention - opioids: addiction fear
Injury - neglect - physical/psychosocial - financial - violation of rights

12. memantine
Routes: nasoenteric - PEG - jejunostomy - required high level of care - formula depends on nutritional status - risk: aspiration - i2
NMDR antagonist - use: dementia
Determined by Dr for a patient - -> used to determine competency
Cellulitis - P ulcers - UTI - sleep deprivation - falls - sexual dysfcn - depression - social withdrawal - v QoL

13. What is the STOPP criteria?
Screen for potentially embarrassing dx - patient/Dr trust
PPI: PUD uncomplicated >8wk - aspirin wo CAD/CVA/PVD - duplicate Rx - loop diuretics LT: HTN; can use for ankle edema - LT NSAID use (>3mo): mild OA - falls: BZD - opiates - neuroepileptics - vasodilators: orthostatic patient risk
Bone loss -> osteopenia -> osteoporosis -> Fx
#1 COD from injury in >65yo - 10-15% result in Fx - highest mortality in elderly white M

14. ADR rf
Polypharmacy - female gender - age - small body size; BMI <22 - hepatic/ renal insufficiency - prior ADR
Decreased: hepatic mass - BF - outcome: vPhase 1 biotransformation (redox) - Phase2 biotx unchanged - CYP450 activity varies - enz inhib/induction varies
Hypotension - ^K+
Change in systemic BP/ ^cerebral vasc rest -> low cerebral perfusion -> syncope

15. lipid-soluble Rx
BMD (bone mineral density): T-score 1-2.5 std dev below normal 1 - Z-score age-adjusted
Benzodiazepenes - amiodarone - digoxin - huge majority of Rx - ^Vd in elderly
Protein-energy malnutrition - biochemical: Alb <3.5g/dL - clinical: wasting - low BMI
Arrythmia - aortic stenosis - carotid sinus hypersensitivity: vasovagal reflex - hypoglycemia - orthostatic hypotension - postprandial hypotension - psychogenic - PE - vasovagal: #1 etio - 1/3-1/2 idioPx

16. fall sequelae

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

17. How does aging impact syncope-preventing reflexes
Isolated systolic HTN
Relfexes less responsive -less ability to ^HR - less sens to dehydration - comorbidities - Rx: a-blockers - B-blockers - TCA
NMDR antagonist - use: dementia
Electrolyte imbalance - arrhythmia

18. what drugs can cause dizziness?
Decreased: Alb - prot affinity - increased: a1-acid glycoprot (^i2) - outcome: ^free fraction of prot-bound Rx; especially significant for phenytoin
Pressure ulcer - fecal impaction - dehydration
Vertigo - presyncope - disequilibrium - lightheadedness
>orthostasis/CNS: anticholinergics - a1-blockers - CV/anti-HTN Rx: B-blockers - a1-blockers - psychotropics

19. fall causes
Parkinsonism -> l-DOPA
Multisystemic vulnerability - -lowered reserves
Intrinsic: chronic dx - postural: changing position - mediating: risk taking
Delayed absorption - like competitive inhib

20. PEM
Pressure ulcer - fecal impaction - dehydration
Protein-energy malnutrition - biochemical: Alb <3.5g/dL - clinical: wasting - low BMI
Overactive detrussor contraction/spasm - tx: anticholinergice --| overactive detrusor
Threats/ terrorizing - isolation - denying food/privileges/liberty

21. falls epidemiology
ANF: Na+ retention - disinhib vasoconstriction
CrClm= ((140-age)LBW/ Scr72) - CrClf=CrClm*0.85
#1 COD from injury in >65yo - 10-15% result in Fx - highest mortality in elderly white M
Consider responsibilities - drivin

22. What is ISH?
Isolated systolic HTN
NSAID/ COX2 inhib - anticholinergics (inc OTC) - antipsychotics - anxiolytics/insomnia: some - muscle relaxant - DM Rx: avoid glyburide - sliding scale insulin - digoxin - meperidine (Demerol) - estrogen
Cholinesterase inhib - use: dementia
Tx underlying dx - review Rx - avoid complications: hygiene - constip - pain - orientation aids

23. What is sCr?
Serum Cr: used for Cr clearance equation
Mild discomfort - constipation - tachypnea - vague resp Sx - fewer bowel sounds
Benzodiazepenes - amiodarone - digoxin - huge majority of Rx - ^Vd in elderly
Make sure to discuss with patient - some states require reporting

24. what can enhance reporting in elderly?
Must be signed by attending daily -medical necessity/patient liberty -as minimal as possible
Screen for potentially embarrassing dx - patient/Dr trust
Destrusor overactivity -> urge - BPH -> overflow - more urine output later in day - atrophic vaginitis - ^PVR: post-void residual -> overflow - v total bladder capacity -> overflow - v sphincter tone -> stress
Map of people - perceptions - etc - varies by perspective

25. Aging features
Universal - progressive - partially encoded (genetic) - destructive -
Arrythmia - aortic stenosis - carotid sinus hypersensitivity: vasovagal reflex - hypoglycemia - orthostatic hypotension - postprandial hypotension - psychogenic - PE - vasovagal: #1 etio - 1/3-1/2 idioPx
Determined by Dr for a patient - -> used to determine competency
Breast cancer + 2o LBP

26. antiarrhythmic + diuretic: interaction outcome
Rotational sensation - usual etio: BPPV - benign paroxysmal positional vertigo - tx: Epley manuever - dislodge otolith crystals
Electrolyte imbalance - arrhythmia
Injury - neglect - physical/psychosocial - financial - violation of rights
Decreased: hepatic mass - BF - outcome: vPhase 1 biotransformation (redox) - Phase2 biotx unchanged - CYP450 activity varies - enz inhib/induction varies

27. delirium: tx approach
Rx use wo indication - untreated indication - failure to receive Rx - subtherapeutic Rx - OD Rx - improper Rx selection - ADR - drug interaction
Tx underlying dx - review Rx - avoid complications: hygiene - constip - pain - orientation aids
Catch-all of unspecified dizziness
Begin @25-50% recommended dose - APAP may be dose-limiting

28. How does aging increase incontinence?
Destrusor overactivity -> urge - BPH -> overflow - more urine output later in day - atrophic vaginitis - ^PVR: post-void residual -> overflow - v total bladder capacity -> overflow - v sphincter tone -> stress
Screen for potentially embarrassing dx - patient/Dr trust
Tx underlying etio - + Kegels - pessary - surgery
^K+

29. Cockcroft Gault equation
Tx underlying dx - review Rx - avoid complications: hygiene - constip - pain - orientation aids
Cholinesterase inhib - use: dementia
Sensation of impending faint - etio: v cerebral perfusion (cardiac - vascular or postural +/- orthostatic hypotension)
CrClm= ((140-age)LBW/ Scr72) - CrClf=CrClm*0.85

30. violation of rights
Severe wt loss + low nutrition intake - cytokine-mediated response - etio: RA - CHF - COPD - HIV
Orthostatic hypotension - vagal stimulation (vasovagal reflex)
Personal liberty -living at home - personal property - speech - assembly - privacy - voting
Destrusor overactivity -> urge - BPH -> overflow - more urine output later in day - atrophic vaginitis - ^PVR: post-void residual -> overflow - v total bladder capacity -> overflow - v sphincter tone -> stress

31. How does aging affect GI absorption of Rx?
>9 Rx
NMDR antagonist - use: dementia
Decreased: gastric emptying rate - intestinal motility - BF - surface area - gastric acid secretion - increased: gastric pH - outcome: delaye onset - peak; quant abs similar
Abs: delayed onset - peak - distrib: more fat - less H2O - metab: phase 1 more affected v phase 2 - excr: renal - liver fcn decrease

32. what illnesses are underreported in elderly?
ANF: Na+ retention - disinhib vasoconstriction
Depression - incontinence - M/S stiffness - falls - EtOH/Rx abuse - hearing loss - dementia - dental dx - malnutrition - sexual dysfcn - OA - OP
28% - ADR: 17% - non-compliance 11%
Loss of balance wo head mvmt - factors: vestibuloPx - visual - M/S - gait - somatosensory

33. What is the bone deterioration cascade?
PPI: PUD uncomplicated >8wk - aspirin wo CAD/CVA/PVD - duplicate Rx - loop diuretics LT: HTN; can use for ankle edema - LT NSAID use (>3mo): mild OA - falls: BZD - opiates - neuroepileptics - vasodilators: orthostatic patient risk
Catch-all of unspecified dizziness
Cellulitis - P ulcers - UTI - sleep deprivation - falls - sexual dysfcn - depression - social withdrawal - v QoL
Bone loss -> osteopenia -> osteoporosis -> Fx

34. rivastigmine
Rec for: benzodiazepines - CNS depressants - anticholinergics - VKORC (Warfarin) - Na+/K+ ATPase (digozin) - -> ^tardive dyskinesia - parkinsonism
Cholinesterase inhib - use: dementia
Therapy - SSRI
NMDR antagonist - use: dementia

35. What are the narrative elements of clinical ethics?
Voice - character - plot - context - time - reader
Wasting: no cytokine-mediated response - etio: marasmus - cancer - AIDS - critical illness
Temporalis muscle wasting = temporal wasting
Hypothetical plan - serves as patient's last competent indicated wishes

36. osteopenia
Cholinesterase inhib: donepezil - rivastigmine - galantamine - NMDR antag: memantine
^ANS tone -> ^periph vasoconstriction - ^HR
BMD (bone mineral density): T-score 1-2.5 std dev below normal 1 - Z-score age-adjusted
Confusion - sedation - falls

37. What are the common types of elder mistreatment?
Electrolyte imbalance - arrhythmia
Electrical: change in HR - structural: aortic outflow obstruction
Physical abuse - least common - physical neglect #1 - psych abuse - financial exploitation - violation of rights
30% preventable - of these - 40% serious - of these 40% preventable

38. ACE inhib + diuretic: interaction outcome
Hypotension - ^K+
1+2 +3 or 4 - 1 acute mental status change or fluctuation - 2 inattention - 3 disorganized thinking - 4 altered consiousness
Doctors
Protein-energy malnutrition - biochemical: Alb <3.5g/dL - clinical: wasting - low BMI

39. what ADR are common in elderly patient?
Wt loss - fatigue - impaired grip strength - impaired activity/slow gait
Breast cancer + 2o LBP
Electrolye/renal - GI - hemorrhagic - metabolic/endocrine - neuropsych
P2-metabolite - phase 1 biotx much more affected than phase 2

40. What is the best approach to malnutrition
Normal: progressive - universal - usual: normal + common dx (CAD) - successful: preserved fcn wo morbidity
Phenytoin
>60yo - low abuse risk - ^ monitoring possible
Treat underlying disease/lack resources

41. overflow incontinence tx
Written doc - don't alter it - pertinent +/- - use patient/caregiver's own words - photos - report: concise - precise - likeliness of abuse: definite/accident/indeterminate - body map for forensic documentation
Treat underlying etio: BPH - cancer - sacral n dx - -BPH: a1-blockers (finasteride - doxazosin...) - sacral nerve stimulation
Threats/ terrorizing - isolation - denying food/privileges/liberty
Decreased: renal BF - tubular sec - GFR - CrCl -stable sCr due to v muscle mass - avg renal fcn 80yo ~50% of 20yo

42. incontinence complication
Cellulitis - P ulcers - UTI - sleep deprivation - falls - sexual dysfcn - depression - social withdrawal - v QoL
PPI: PUD uncomplicated >8wk - aspirin wo CAD/CVA/PVD - duplicate Rx - loop diuretics LT: HTN; can use for ankle edema - LT NSAID use (>3mo): mild OA - falls: BZD - opiates - neuroepileptics - vasodilators: orthostatic patient risk
Social restraint - sitter/family - avoid physical restraint - if necessary: haloperidol - remove tethers: cathethers - IV - orientation aids: glasses - hearing aids
Tx underlying etio - + Kegels - pessary - surgery

43. delirium predisposing rf
#1 patient's last competent indication of wishes - substituted judgment - beneficence
Advanced ae - dementia - ADL/IADL impairment - comorbidity - EtOH - M>F - sensory impairment
Change in systemic BP/ ^cerebral vasc rest -> low cerebral perfusion -> syncope
1/3 elderly hospital admisions - 10* risk death in hospital - complications: poor outcome - i2 - COD

44. how is syncope related to elderly admission to hospital?
Normal: progressive - universal - usual: normal + common dx (CAD) - successful: preserved fcn wo morbidity
>9 Rx
Wt loss - fatigue - impaired grip strength - impaired activity/slow gait
80% of hospital admission for syncope for >65yo

45. urge incontinence tx
Overactive detrussor contraction/spasm - tx: anticholinergice --| overactive detrusor
'long lie' decline in functional status - ^ risk of being in nursing home - ^ Use of medical services - fear
BMD (bone mineral density): T-score 1-2.5 std dev below normal 1 - Z-score age-adjusted
PPI: PUD uncomplicated >8wk - aspirin wo CAD/CVA/PVD - duplicate Rx - loop diuretics LT: HTN; can use for ankle edema - LT NSAID use (>3mo): mild OA - falls: BZD - opiates - neuroepileptics - vasodilators: orthostatic patient risk

46. pressure ulcer: staging
Rotational sensation - usual etio: BPPV - benign paroxysmal positional vertigo - tx: Epley manuever - dislodge otolith crystals
Vertigo - presyncope - disequilibrium - lightheadedness
I: peristent erythema - II: partial thickness - III: full thickness - IV: full thickness + extensive damage - unstageable
NMDR antagonist - use: dementia

47. Why is abuse underreported?
Lack of identification - victim isolation - reluctance to confront offenders - consequences for reporting - subtle presentation by patient
Doctors
Isolated systolic HTN
Destrusor overactivity -> urge - BPH -> overflow - more urine output later in day - atrophic vaginitis - ^PVR: post-void residual -> overflow - v total bladder capacity -> overflow - v sphincter tone -> stress

48. vision changes: elderly
Acute MI/pulm events - immobility - i2 - drug withdrawal: CNS depressant - EtOH - fecal impaction
Receptors changes: # - sensitivity - counter-regulatory moa
>orthostasis/CNS: anticholinergics - a1-blockers - CV/anti-HTN Rx: B-blockers - a1-blockers - psychotropics
V contrast sensitivity: target + bg - v visual acuity - lat motion - depth perception - ^ glare sensitivity

49. What are the rf for elderly abuse?
Age - psychosocial: depression - isolation - lack resources:education - $ - minority - substance abuse
3 reflexes: baroreceptor - renal nerve - ANF
Threats/ terrorizing - isolation - denying food/privileges/liberty
#1 patient's last competent indication of wishes - substituted judgment - beneficence

50. documenting elderly abuse

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Major Subjects
Tests & Exams AP CLEP DSST GRE SAT GMAT	Certifications CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/ PMP ITIL RHCE MCTS More...	IT Skills Android Programming Data Modeling Objective C Programming Basic Python Programming Adobe Illustrator More...	Business Skills Advertising Techniques Business Accounting Basics Business Strategy Human Resource Management Marketing Basics More...
Soft Skills Body Language People Skills Public Speaking Persuasion Job Hunting And Resumes More...	Vocabulary GRE Vocab SAT Vocab TOEFL Essential Vocab Basic English Words For All Global Words You Should Know Business English More...	Languages AP German Vocab AP Latin Vocab SAT Subject Test: French Italian Survival Norwegian Survival More...	Engineering Audio Engineering Computer Science Engineering Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering Structural Engineering More...
Health Sciences Basic Nursing Skills Health Science Language Fundamentals Veterinary Technology Medical Language Cardiology Clinical Surgery More...	English Grammar Fundamentals Literary And Rhetorical Vocab Elements Of Style Vocab Introduction To English Major Complete Advanced Sentences Literature Homonyms More...	Math Algebra Formulas Basic Arithmetic: Measurements Metric Conversions Geometric Properties Important Math Facts Number Sense Vocab Business Math More...	Other Major Subjects Science Economics History Law Performing-arts Cooking Logic & Reasoning Trivia

Test your basic knowledge |

Aging Physiology And Pharmacology

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Let me suggest you:

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests

Major Subjects

Tests & Exams

Certifications

IT Skills

Business Skills

Soft Skills

Vocabulary

Languages

Engineering

Health Sciences

English

Math

Other Major Subjects

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests