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American Indian History

Subject : history
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New apache reservation in Northern Arizona. Indian Agent John Clum sets up Apache police force/most apache move here but not Geronimo and his band. He goes to Mexico & is joined by Victorio and his sister Lozen (healer - warrior - seer of enemies - h






2. (apache means stranger/enemy but they called themselves 'Dene' for 'the people') Geronimo and his followers become known as this after leaving Florida & being sent to Ft. Sill - OK/ Geronimo dies in early 1900s and after that part of his band stays i






3. Part of Spanish/Indian policy - large land grants are made to leading military figures - divides territories on Northern borders into land grants to encourage frontier expansion & reward those faithful to the crown






4. Replaces General Crook/ very ambitious - wages full blown military campaign that included the Mexican govt - troops - Apache scouts - militia against Geronimo and his 24 men. 1886 Geronimo lays down his arms in Skeleton Canyon. Miles promises him a r






5. ...Culture of the desert tradition. 300 bc to 1350 ad. Centered in western NM and eastern Arizona. Lived in semi-subterranean houses scattered on ridges. Zunis come out of this culture






6. British Sailor - first to get to California - shows up in SF Bay- shocks Spaniards they think English have found NW passage and so think they had better claim it first and send questionable people to colonize NM






7. Located in the Cross Timbers area (S. Kansas - thru OKC - DFW area). Caddo speaking. Closely related to the Pawnee. Sometimes called Pawnee Noir(dark skinned) or Pawnee Picts (tatoos).4 bands - names of many area landmarks come from them including Ta






8. A man never speaks to his mother-in-law and avoids contacts as much as can. communicates thru his wife






9. Small forts associated with missions. Used by Spanish in the SW to protect these missions and were Spains defensive frontier






10. ...Culture of the desert tradition. 300 bc to 1100 ad. Centered in the Phoenix/Tucson area. Influenced by Mogollon culture. Engineers create network of canals. More complex society. Heavily influenced by Mexico






11. The dating of wooden artifacts through tree ring growth






12. Small bands occupy Texas Coast & off shore Islands from Galveston to Corpus Christi. Had ties to Northern Mexico. They spoke Coahuiltecan - a language from Mexico. They attacked LaSalle at Galveston. They killed the survivors of the boat 'The Lively'






13. ...Geronimo and his 24 men come in and lay down their arms there. General Nelson Miles promises them a return to AZ but instead sends them to FL instead






14. Hill Country Indians of Central Texas . Small tribes with confusing language roots. Hunter - gatherers - teepee dwellers. Served as Army scouts against the other tribes which caused resentment from them. They were never a very large group and they we






15. Eastern Arizona headquarters of Navajo - live in Hogans - garden and hunt game - melons and peach orchards






16. Part of Spanish/Indian policy - a system of labor put upon Indians already living on land made into encomiendas. Work a day or two a week for the landowner & he was obligated to protect you - developed a feudal system






17. Apache leader - led Apaches at Santa Rita del Cobre mine/had truce witht the miners - but are ambushed by miners pretending to host a feast for them to get Apache scalp bounty money. Juan Jose's followers turn to Mangas Colorado after this for his he






18. Large cliff dwelling adobe houses in Colorado -dwellings were easy to defend -offered protection-provided a safe place for Anasazi - reached by ladders






19. Head of the half of the band of Modocs - his side was the side which started trouble by stealing cattle but nothing too bad until they were all forced out of the res - CHD - some of his people and Hooker Jim went and raided some barns and killed some






20. See Tonto Apache- Was away in 1870 when citizens of Tucson attack the village and kill the apaches in The Camp Grant Massacre. Whitman marches back arriving too late - makes arrests of ring leaders - after 5 day trial - they were all exonerated. Whit






21. Jan - May 1864: about 5 -000 removedNavajo Trail of Tears when Carleton forces Navajo to remove east from NE Arizona to East Central NM to a reservation called Bosque Redondo. Many die in route. were told they could farm but couldn't. Many die and sl






22. A man marrying more than one woman almost always sisters - strengthens matrilocality. More for economic reasons than romance as women headed clans until after WWII






23. A time before European influence in the Americas/20 -000 years or more/ american sw desert very dry and artifacts last indefinitely so there is an abundance






24. He was over indian affairs in that region - tried to get the modocs a new reservation near tule lake by the lost river. 3 miles long 1 mile wide - but he was opposed by the bureau of indian affairs. he told by the govt to supply troops to move them b






25. Descendents of the Anasazis - mostly in New Mexico - most conservative - group oriented - communal - religious Indian community in North America. spatial relationship to their homeland & a supernatural purpose for being there. Farming a holy act.






26. Indians who speak this language and live in south texas brushy area from San Antonio to the Rio Grande. nomadic and hunter gatherers like the desert tradition. Least complex culture of texas. These are the mission indians of Southern Texas who seem t






27. On the mothers side: a boy's relationship with his matrilineal uncle was equal to that with his father - reason- you are a memeber of your mother's family. Family ties are super important. Cousins are as close as your brothers and sisters.






28. Traders arrive in navajo homeland last 2 decades of the 19th century. they set up this trading post. Traders help navajo prosper in selling their goods. Traders marry into Navajo families

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29. Sport - played on ball courts. Very similar to basketball Played by hohokam culture.






30. No hero to the navajos bc they see him as someone who cut down their peach orchards and hurt their homes






31. Campaign against the Navajos destroying sheep herds and homes. Many Navajos surrendered and thousands relocated to Bosque reservation in NM at Fort Sumner to protect NM ppl from raids. Confined to barren land encountered malnutrition - disease - bad






32. Indian fighter with respect for Indians 'Humanitarian General'-travels to Mexico & asks Geronimo to come in to San Carlos res and he does. (1884). Then Spring 1885 Geronimo gets drunk & takes followers to Mexico- Crook follows & tries to get him to c






33. Role models for Navajo children. Mother was Changing Woman: Hero Twins are Monster Slayer and Child of the Waters. have adventures that shaped the Navajo land and slayed many monsters but they missed old age - poverty - dirt






34. Example of traders that arrive in navajo homeland last 2 decades of the 19th century. White men who trade - many marry into navajo families. market navajo materials and create interest in their goods. Most live on reservations in their communities.






35. Dark complected Wichita Indian - Coronado thinks is a Moor who can lead him to the 7 cities of Cibola - takes expedition all the way to Wichita KS - finds only grass houses & kills Pawnee Noir - exposes Pueblos to Spaniards - Pueblos start acquiring






36. When settlers moved west across Nevada - Southern Utah - Eastern Colorado - California they encounter the archaic and call them 'diggers' because their culture would dig roots - eat bugs & this did not appeal to the settlers






37. After Texas became a state - Wichitas were moved west near the Brazos and Neighbors was an Indian Agent who tried to help them. The Comanche continued their attacks and this was blamed on the Wichitas. Neighbors was shot dead in the street - shot in






38. When Carlton gained control over the Navajos he forced them to remove from their home land.. to a reservation called Bosque Redondo - it was the forced march of many Navajo to Fort Sumner - New Mexico - where they were imprisoned in 1864.






39. Speak Penution - live in northeastern CA and are supposed to be living with the Klamaths in Southern Oregon. They leave that reservation however and go to 'the lost river' splitting into two bands - Capt. Jack's and Curly Headed Doctor's - each band






40. Religious practice of the Caddo Indians. Highly organized. Used burial mounds. Villages were centered around temples






41. Legendary 7 cities said to hold great treasure of 7 bishops who fled spain to North America (from the Moors) Fable inspired Coronado to go to the US southwest out of Mexico in search of these lost cities in 1540






42. Indian people living in 'the golden triangle' area of Texas which was very swampy and not desired by the Spanish so they were left alone. Anglos described them as dirty and greasy. They consumed fish - turtles - seafood - did not farm. Faded away






43. Major language group (of caddos - pawnees - wichitas). A central plain language






44. Supernatural beings who shape the navajo universe - they can help you or hurt you - have to keep on their good side. Leading Holy person-Changing Woman: impregnated by the sun and bears twin boys: The Hero Twins






45. Head of half the band of the Modocs - He shot and killed the men at the negotiation - including Camby - There was a public execution of him afterwards.






46. In Arizona - sedentary - near Tucson - very peaceful - farmed. Citizens of Tucson attack their village & kill 85 Tontos (only 8 were men- rest women and children) some of the children were literally torn apart. Called The Camp Grant Massacre. Royal W






47. Speak Penution - they live on a reservation in Southern Oregon - they get most of the govt's money that comes into the reservation. The klamaths are mean to the modocs - bullying them and so the modocs leave.






48. The sky city - poses fiercest resistance to 1598 Don Juan Onate expedition - brutal invasion by Spanish into Mexico-City sat on hard to reach mesa - they throw boulders down on Spanish - hold out for a long time- finally conquered - severe retributio






49. Indian Agent appointed to SE Arizona Apache res called Apache Pass was a friend of the Apache. Res lasts 5 years but is too close to the Mexico border and the Apache raid across border stealing livestock and returning to sell in US so Govt moves the






50. Athabascan speaking people who called themselves 'Dene' for the people but others called them Apache - stranger/enemy. Were nomadic. were hard to conquer because they were on the move all the time - followed the herds and the seasons