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American Indian History

Subject : history
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The dating of wooden artifacts through tree ring growth






2. Religious practice of the Caddo Indians. Highly organized. Used burial mounds. Villages were centered around temples






3. Indian fighter with respect for Indians 'Humanitarian General'-travels to Mexico & asks Geronimo to come in to San Carlos res and he does. (1884). Then Spring 1885 Geronimo gets drunk & takes followers to Mexico- Crook follows & tries to get him to c






4. Used by Apache - is made from cactus root. similar to a grits type substance used as a base for stews and cooking






5. Eastern Arizona headquarters of Navajo - live in Hogans - garden and hunt game - melons and peach orchards






6. The sky city - poses fiercest resistance to 1598 Don Juan Onate expedition - brutal invasion by Spanish into Mexico-City sat on hard to reach mesa - they throw boulders down on Spanish - hold out for a long time- finally conquered - severe retributio






7. A man never speaks to his mother-in-law and avoids contacts as much as can. communicates thru his wife






8. Supernatural beings who shape the navajo universe - they can help you or hurt you - have to keep on their good side. Leading Holy person-Changing Woman: impregnated by the sun and bears twin boys: The Hero Twins






9. Example of traders that arrive in navajo homeland last 2 decades of the 19th century. White men who trade - many marry into navajo families. market navajo materials and create interest in their goods. Most live on reservations in their communities.






10. Between 1850 & 1851 govt agents signed 18 treaties established a big hunk of land to be set aside in the state of CA for Indians.. they were sent to the US for ratification. The senate refuses to ratify them saying that it's way too much land. Finall






11. Any object transformed in anyway by humans - stone - wood - bone - arrowheads - campfires






12. Indians who speak this language and live in south texas brushy area from San Antonio to the Rio Grande. nomadic and hunter gatherers like the desert tradition. Least complex culture of texas. These are the mission indians of Southern Texas who seem t






13. Dark complected Wichita Indian - Coronado thinks is a Moor who can lead him to the 7 cities of Cibola - takes expedition all the way to Wichita KS - finds only grass houses & kills Pawnee Noir - exposes Pueblos to Spaniards - Pueblos start acquiring






14. Spectacular place for defense - used by the modocs for defense and works very well






15. When settlers moved west across Nevada - Southern Utah - Eastern Colorado - California they encounter the archaic and call them 'diggers' because their culture would dig roots - eat bugs & this did not appeal to the settlers






16. A time before European influence in the Americas/20 -000 years or more/ american sw desert very dry and artifacts last indefinitely so there is an abundance






17. 16th Century Spanish system attempted to settle Indians & uses their Indian villages as their center. Uses Catholic priest in role similar to Indian Chief. makes community church cnetered and a self sufficient economy






18. Role models for Navajo children. Mother was Changing Woman: Hero Twins are Monster Slayer and Child of the Waters. have adventures that shaped the Navajo land and slayed many monsters but they missed old age - poverty - dirt






19. Reservation close to Carswell NM - Navajo removed here on The Long Walk in 1864. Have no houses or supplies so many die or slip away back to Arizona. Finally after two years - gov't appoints A.B. Norton who sees the conditions - writes Washington - g






20. Conducts campaigns against the Navajo - attacks homes in Canyon de Chelley and cuts down their orchards Forces Navajo to remove east - known by Navajo as 'The Long Walk'






21. 8 -000 bc to ? In the Americas - name for hunter gatherer societies of that time - nomadic groups follow what can be found seasonally






22. On the mothers side: a boy's relationship with his matrilineal uncle was equal to that with his father - reason- you are a memeber of your mother's family. Family ties are super important. Cousins are as close as your brothers and sisters.






23. Indian people living in 'the golden triangle' area of Texas which was very swampy and not desired by the Spanish so they were left alone. Anglos described them as dirty and greasy. They consumed fish - turtles - seafood - did not farm. Faded away






24. Part of Spanish/Indian policy - large land grants are made to leading military figures - divides territories on Northern borders into land grants to encourage frontier expansion & reward those faithful to the crown






25. Hill Country Indians of Central Texas . Small tribes with confusing language roots. Hunter - gatherers - teepee dwellers. Served as Army scouts against the other tribes which caused resentment from them. They were never a very large group and they we






26. Apaches who originally lived in northern NM but moved to NE Arizona to protect their herds. Occupy desert SW - farm and are sedentary






27. Speak Penution - live in northeastern CA and are supposed to be living with the Klamaths in Southern Oregon. They leave that reservation however and go to 'the lost river' splitting into two bands - Capt. Jack's and Curly Headed Doctor's - each band






28. Not as flexible as Jesuits - dominant religious order in NM very dedicated - active in spreading gospel but try to make Indians work missions and stamp out Native Americanism as paganism






29. Head of half the band of the Modocs - He shot and killed the men at the negotiation - including Camby - There was a public execution of him afterwards.






30. Joined by Kit Carson - campaigns against Apaches and Navajos - Civil War era- he pushes the confederates out of Arizona? and doesn't have anything else to do






31. Apache leader - led Apaches at Santa Rita del Cobre mine/had truce witht the miners - but are ambushed by miners pretending to host a feast for them to get Apache scalp bounty money. Juan Jose's followers turn to Mangas Colorado after this for his he






32. In Arizona - sedentary - near Tucson - very peaceful - farmed. Citizens of Tucson attack their village & kill 85 Tontos (only 8 were men- rest women and children) some of the children were literally torn apart. Called The Camp Grant Massacre. Royal W






33. Chief spokesman of the Chiricahua Apache - had been at peace until 1860 accused of raiding a ranch in SE Arizona - really raided by mimbrenos - military pursues Cochise and tries to arrest him but fails - hostilities spread






34. A man marrying more than one woman almost always sisters - strengthens matrilocality. More for economic reasons than romance as women headed clans until after WWII






35. He was over indian affairs in that region - tried to get the modocs a new reservation near tule lake by the lost river. 3 miles long 1 mile wide - but he was opposed by the bureau of indian affairs. he told by the govt to supply troops to move them b






36. Indian Agent appointed to SE Arizona Apache res called Apache Pass was a friend of the Apache. Res lasts 5 years but is too close to the Mexico border and the Apache raid across border stealing livestock and returning to sell in US so Govt moves the






37. Indians of East Texas/SE OK/SW AR/NW LA - closely related to eastern mound building culture. Anadarco is the Center of their tribal government. The name Texas came from them. Highly successful farmers. Had a class structured society. Very concerned w






38. Large cliff dwelling adobe houses in Colorado -dwellings were easy to defend -offered protection-provided a safe place for Anasazi - reached by ladders






39. Replaces General Crook/ very ambitious - wages full blown military campaign that included the Mexican govt - troops - Apache scouts - militia against Geronimo and his 24 men. 1886 Geronimo lays down his arms in Skeleton Canyon. Miles promises him a r






40. After Texas became a state - Wichitas were moved west near the Brazos and Neighbors was an Indian Agent who tried to help them. The Comanche continued their attacks and this was blamed on the Wichitas. Neighbors was shot dead in the street - shot in






41. ...Culture of the desert tradition. 300 bc to 1100 ad. Centered in the Phoenix/Tucson area. Influenced by Mogollon culture. Engineers create network of canals. More complex society. Heavily influenced by Mexico






42. In Anasazi culture sunken chambers in their plazas for religious activity - for males only






43. Major language group (of caddos - pawnees - wichitas). A central plain language






44. Athabascan speaking people who called themselves 'Dene' for the people but others called them Apache - stranger/enemy. Were nomadic. were hard to conquer because they were on the move all the time - followed the herds and the seasons






45. Legendary 7 cities said to hold great treasure of 7 bishops who fled spain to North America (from the Moors) Fable inspired Coronado to go to the US southwest out of Mexico in search of these lost cities in 1540






46. Descendents of the Anasazis - mostly in New Mexico - most conservative - group oriented - communal - religious Indian community in North America. spatial relationship to their homeland & a supernatural purpose for being there. Farming a holy act.






47. Campaign against the Navajos destroying sheep herds and homes. Many Navajos surrendered and thousands relocated to Bosque reservation in NM at Fort Sumner to protect NM ppl from raids. Confined to barren land encountered malnutrition - disease - bad






48. No hero to the navajos bc they see him as someone who cut down their peach orchards and hurt their homes






49. Small forts associated with missions. Used by Spanish in the SW to protect these missions and were Spains defensive frontier






50. ...Culture of the desert tradition. 300 bc to 1350 ad. Centered in western NM and eastern Arizona. Lived in semi-subterranean houses scattered on ridges. Zunis come out of this culture







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