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American Indian History

Subject : history
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Not as flexible as Jesuits - dominant religious order in NM very dedicated - active in spreading gospel but try to make Indians work missions and stamp out Native Americanism as paganism






2. Indians who speak this language and live in south texas brushy area from San Antonio to the Rio Grande. nomadic and hunter gatherers like the desert tradition. Least complex culture of texas. These are the mission indians of Southern Texas who seem t






3. The dating of wooden artifacts through tree ring growth






4. Used by Apache - is made from cactus root. similar to a grits type substance used as a base for stews and cooking






5. Religious practice of the Caddo Indians. Highly organized. Used burial mounds. Villages were centered around temples






6. A man never speaks to his mother-in-law and avoids contacts as much as can. communicates thru his wife






7. Reservation close to Carswell NM - Navajo removed here on The Long Walk in 1864. Have no houses or supplies so many die or slip away back to Arizona. Finally after two years - gov't appoints A.B. Norton who sees the conditions - writes Washington - g






8. 8 -000 bc to ? In the Americas - name for hunter gatherer societies of that time - nomadic groups follow what can be found seasonally






9. Campaign against the Navajos destroying sheep herds and homes. Many Navajos surrendered and thousands relocated to Bosque reservation in NM at Fort Sumner to protect NM ppl from raids. Confined to barren land encountered malnutrition - disease - bad






10. Between 1850 & 1851 govt agents signed 18 treaties established a big hunk of land to be set aside in the state of CA for Indians.. they were sent to the US for ratification. The senate refuses to ratify them saying that it's way too much land. Finall






11. Supernatural beings who shape the navajo universe - they can help you or hurt you - have to keep on their good side. Leading Holy person-Changing Woman: impregnated by the sun and bears twin boys: The Hero Twins






12. In Anasazi culture sunken chambers in their plazas for religious activity - for males only






13. Not spanish at all but actually a Wichita town (or fort) with a moat & stockade. Built on a bend in the Red River. Spanish sent an expedition here that included their cannons but they were forced to retreat from it even leaving cannons behind.






14. Speak Penution - live in northeastern CA and are supposed to be living with the Klamaths in Southern Oregon. They leave that reservation however and go to 'the lost river' splitting into two bands - Capt. Jack's and Curly Headed Doctor's - each band






15. Chief spokesman of the Chiricahua Apache - had been at peace until 1860 accused of raiding a ranch in SE Arizona - really raided by mimbrenos - military pursues Cochise and tries to arrest him but fails - hostilities spread






16. Indian fighter with respect for Indians 'Humanitarian General'-travels to Mexico & asks Geronimo to come in to San Carlos res and he does. (1884). Then Spring 1885 Geronimo gets drunk & takes followers to Mexico- Crook follows & tries to get him to c






17. Part of Spanish/Indian policy - a system of labor put upon Indians already living on land made into encomiendas. Work a day or two a week for the landowner & he was obligated to protect you - developed a feudal system






18. Example of traders that arrive in navajo homeland last 2 decades of the 19th century. White men who trade - many marry into navajo families. market navajo materials and create interest in their goods. Most live on reservations in their communities.






19. Jan - May 1864: about 5 -000 removedNavajo Trail of Tears when Carleton forces Navajo to remove east from NE Arizona to East Central NM to a reservation called Bosque Redondo. Many die in route. were told they could farm but couldn't. Many die and sl






20. 16th Century Spanish system attempted to settle Indians & uses their Indian villages as their center. Uses Catholic priest in role similar to Indian Chief. makes community church cnetered and a self sufficient economy






21. Major language group (of caddos - pawnees - wichitas). A central plain language






22. Indians of East Texas/SE OK/SW AR/NW LA - closely related to eastern mound building culture. Anadarco is the Center of their tribal government. The name Texas came from them. Highly successful farmers. Had a class structured society. Very concerned w






23. He was over indian affairs in that region - tried to get the modocs a new reservation near tule lake by the lost river. 3 miles long 1 mile wide - but he was opposed by the bureau of indian affairs. he told by the govt to supply troops to move them b






24. The sky city - poses fiercest resistance to 1598 Don Juan Onate expedition - brutal invasion by Spanish into Mexico-City sat on hard to reach mesa - they throw boulders down on Spanish - hold out for a long time- finally conquered - severe retributio






25. Head of half the band of the Modocs - He shot and killed the men at the negotiation - including Camby - There was a public execution of him afterwards.






26. In Arizona - sedentary - near Tucson - very peaceful - farmed. Citizens of Tucson attack their village & kill 85 Tontos (only 8 were men- rest women and children) some of the children were literally torn apart. Called The Camp Grant Massacre. Royal W






27. Located in the Cross Timbers area (S. Kansas - thru OKC - DFW area). Caddo speaking. Closely related to the Pawnee. Sometimes called Pawnee Noir(dark skinned) or Pawnee Picts (tatoos).4 bands - names of many area landmarks come from them including Ta






28. On the mothers side: a boy's relationship with his matrilineal uncle was equal to that with his father - reason- you are a memeber of your mother's family. Family ties are super important. Cousins are as close as your brothers and sisters.






29. After Texas became a state - Wichitas were moved west near the Brazos and Neighbors was an Indian Agent who tried to help them. The Comanche continued their attacks and this was blamed on the Wichitas. Neighbors was shot dead in the street - shot in






30. Replaces General Crook/ very ambitious - wages full blown military campaign that included the Mexican govt - troops - Apache scouts - militia against Geronimo and his 24 men. 1886 Geronimo lays down his arms in Skeleton Canyon. Miles promises him a r






31. When Carlton gained control over the Navajos he forced them to remove from their home land.. to a reservation called Bosque Redondo - it was the forced march of many Navajo to Fort Sumner - New Mexico - where they were imprisoned in 1864.






32. New apache reservation in Northern Arizona. Indian Agent John Clum sets up Apache police force/most apache move here but not Geronimo and his band. He goes to Mexico & is joined by Victorio and his sister Lozen (healer - warrior - seer of enemies - h






33. Culture of the desert tradition. 300 AD to 1300 AD. Largest and most elaborate culture. In the 4 corners region (UT - CO -NM - AZ). Log houses. Used corn similar to corn in the east. Baskets are stunning - tightly woven - beautifully decorated with c






34. Name means Red Sleeves. A huge man - led mimbreno apache. had been ambushed and flogged in a miner camp in 1851 - scarred for life - this ends a temporary truce between Mimbrenos and miners & leads to Apache attacking throughout the SW. He was also c






35. See Tonto Apache- Was away in 1870 when citizens of Tucson attack the village and kill the apaches in The Camp Grant Massacre. Whitman marches back arriving too late - makes arrests of ring leaders - after 5 day trial - they were all exonerated. Whit






36. Athabascan speaking people who called themselves 'Dene' for the people but others called them Apache - stranger/enemy. Were nomadic. were hard to conquer because they were on the move all the time - followed the herds and the seasons






37. Joined by Kit Carson - campaigns against Apaches and Navajos - Civil War era- he pushes the confederates out of Arizona? and doesn't have anything else to do






38. Eastern Arizona headquarters of Navajo - live in Hogans - garden and hunt game - melons and peach orchards






39. Hill Country Indians of Central Texas . Small tribes with confusing language roots. Hunter - gatherers - teepee dwellers. Served as Army scouts against the other tribes which caused resentment from them. They were never a very large group and they we






40. Head of the half of the band of Modocs - his side was the side which started trouble by stealing cattle but nothing too bad until they were all forced out of the res - CHD - some of his people and Hooker Jim went and raided some barns and killed some






41. When settlers moved west across Nevada - Southern Utah - Eastern Colorado - California they encounter the archaic and call them 'diggers' because their culture would dig roots - eat bugs & this did not appeal to the settlers






42. Small bands occupy Texas Coast & off shore Islands from Galveston to Corpus Christi. Had ties to Northern Mexico. They spoke Coahuiltecan - a language from Mexico. They attacked LaSalle at Galveston. They killed the survivors of the boat 'The Lively'






43. Any object transformed in anyway by humans - stone - wood - bone - arrowheads - campfires






44. Speak Penution - they live on a reservation in Southern Oregon - they get most of the govt's money that comes into the reservation. The klamaths are mean to the modocs - bullying them and so the modocs leave.






45. Dark complected Wichita Indian - Coronado thinks is a Moor who can lead him to the 7 cities of Cibola - takes expedition all the way to Wichita KS - finds only grass houses & kills Pawnee Noir - exposes Pueblos to Spaniards - Pueblos start acquiring






46. Apaches who originally lived in northern NM but moved to NE Arizona to protect their herds. Occupy desert SW - farm and are sedentary






47. Traders arrive in navajo homeland last 2 decades of the 19th century. they set up this trading post. Traders help navajo prosper in selling their goods. Traders marry into Navajo families

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48. A man marrying more than one woman almost always sisters - strengthens matrilocality. More for economic reasons than romance as women headed clans until after WWII






49. Conducts campaigns against the Navajo - attacks homes in Canyon de Chelley and cuts down their orchards Forces Navajo to remove east - known by Navajo as 'The Long Walk'






50. ...Geronimo and his 24 men come in and lay down their arms there. General Nelson Miles promises them a return to AZ but instead sends them to FL instead