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American Indian History

Subject : history
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any object transformed in anyway by humans - stone - wood - bone - arrowheads - campfires






2. A man marrying more than one woman almost always sisters - strengthens matrilocality. More for economic reasons than romance as women headed clans until after WWII






3. Sport - played on ball courts. Very similar to basketball Played by hohokam culture.






4. No hero to the navajos bc they see him as someone who cut down their peach orchards and hurt their homes






5. New apache reservation in Northern Arizona. Indian Agent John Clum sets up Apache police force/most apache move here but not Geronimo and his band. He goes to Mexico & is joined by Victorio and his sister Lozen (healer - warrior - seer of enemies - h






6. Traders arrive in navajo homeland last 2 decades of the 19th century. they set up this trading post. Traders help navajo prosper in selling their goods. Traders marry into Navajo families

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7. Indian people living in 'the golden triangle' area of Texas which was very swampy and not desired by the Spanish so they were left alone. Anglos described them as dirty and greasy. They consumed fish - turtles - seafood - did not farm. Faded away






8. Speak Penution - they live on a reservation in Southern Oregon - they get most of the govt's money that comes into the reservation. The klamaths are mean to the modocs - bullying them and so the modocs leave.






9. The dating of wooden artifacts through tree ring growth






10. Apache leader - led Apaches at Santa Rita del Cobre mine/had truce witht the miners - but are ambushed by miners pretending to host a feast for them to get Apache scalp bounty money. Juan Jose's followers turn to Mangas Colorado after this for his he






11. Supernatural beings who shape the navajo universe - they can help you or hurt you - have to keep on their good side. Leading Holy person-Changing Woman: impregnated by the sun and bears twin boys: The Hero Twins






12. When settlers moved west across Nevada - Southern Utah - Eastern Colorado - California they encounter the archaic and call them 'diggers' because their culture would dig roots - eat bugs & this did not appeal to the settlers






13. (apache means stranger/enemy but they called themselves 'Dene' for 'the people') Geronimo and his followers become known as this after leaving Florida & being sent to Ft. Sill - OK/ Geronimo dies in early 1900s and after that part of his band stays i






14. When Carlton gained control over the Navajos he forced them to remove from their home land.. to a reservation called Bosque Redondo - it was the forced march of many Navajo to Fort Sumner - New Mexico - where they were imprisoned in 1864.






15. Located in the Cross Timbers area (S. Kansas - thru OKC - DFW area). Caddo speaking. Closely related to the Pawnee. Sometimes called Pawnee Noir(dark skinned) or Pawnee Picts (tatoos).4 bands - names of many area landmarks come from them including Ta






16. Athabascan speaking people who called themselves 'Dene' for the people but others called them Apache - stranger/enemy. Were nomadic. were hard to conquer because they were on the move all the time - followed the herds and the seasons






17. Indian Agent appointed to SE Arizona Apache res called Apache Pass was a friend of the Apache. Res lasts 5 years but is too close to the Mexico border and the Apache raid across border stealing livestock and returning to sell in US so Govt moves the






18. On the mothers side: a boy's relationship with his matrilineal uncle was equal to that with his father - reason- you are a memeber of your mother's family. Family ties are super important. Cousins are as close as your brothers and sisters.






19. Small forts associated with missions. Used by Spanish in the SW to protect these missions and were Spains defensive frontier






20. Pueblo religious leader from Taos. Travels pueblo to pueblo planning a revolt/ 1600 revolt breaks out early - Spaniards abandon NM-- Pueblos try to go back to old ways. Pope' tries to centralize leadership but Pueblos don't cooperate. Spaniars return

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21. 8 -000 bc to ? In the Americas - name for hunter gatherer societies of that time - nomadic groups follow what can be found seasonally






22. The sky city - poses fiercest resistance to 1598 Don Juan Onate expedition - brutal invasion by Spanish into Mexico-City sat on hard to reach mesa - they throw boulders down on Spanish - hold out for a long time- finally conquered - severe retributio






23. Joined by Kit Carson - campaigns against Apaches and Navajos - Civil War era- he pushes the confederates out of Arizona? and doesn't have anything else to do






24. Arctic oriented language - Apache spoke this language - not related to Pueblos - probably the last group to come across - called themselves 'Dene' (the people) but others called them Apache which means stranger/enemy - those who shouldn't be there






25. Major language group (of caddos - pawnees - wichitas). A central plain language






26. Legendary 7 cities said to hold great treasure of 7 bishops who fled spain to North America (from the Moors) Fable inspired Coronado to go to the US southwest out of Mexico in search of these lost cities in 1540






27. Indians who speak this language and live in south texas brushy area from San Antonio to the Rio Grande. nomadic and hunter gatherers like the desert tradition. Least complex culture of texas. These are the mission indians of Southern Texas who seem t






28. Eastern Arizona headquarters of Navajo - live in Hogans - garden and hunt game - melons and peach orchards






29. Used by Apache - is made from cactus root. similar to a grits type substance used as a base for stews and cooking






30. He was over indian affairs in that region - tried to get the modocs a new reservation near tule lake by the lost river. 3 miles long 1 mile wide - but he was opposed by the bureau of indian affairs. he told by the govt to supply troops to move them b






31. See Tonto Apache- Was away in 1870 when citizens of Tucson attack the village and kill the apaches in The Camp Grant Massacre. Whitman marches back arriving too late - makes arrests of ring leaders - after 5 day trial - they were all exonerated. Whit






32. Descendents of the Anasazis - mostly in New Mexico - most conservative - group oriented - communal - religious Indian community in North America. spatial relationship to their homeland & a supernatural purpose for being there. Farming a holy act.






33. In Arizona - sedentary - near Tucson - very peaceful - farmed. Citizens of Tucson attack their village & kill 85 Tontos (only 8 were men- rest women and children) some of the children were literally torn apart. Called The Camp Grant Massacre. Royal W






34. Indians of East Texas/SE OK/SW AR/NW LA - closely related to eastern mound building culture. Anadarco is the Center of their tribal government. The name Texas came from them. Highly successful farmers. Had a class structured society. Very concerned w






35. Dark complected Wichita Indian - Coronado thinks is a Moor who can lead him to the 7 cities of Cibola - takes expedition all the way to Wichita KS - finds only grass houses & kills Pawnee Noir - exposes Pueblos to Spaniards - Pueblos start acquiring






36. ...Culture of the desert tradition. 300 bc to 1100 ad. Centered in the Phoenix/Tucson area. Influenced by Mogollon culture. Engineers create network of canals. More complex society. Heavily influenced by Mexico






37. ...Culture of the desert tradition. 300 bc to 1350 ad. Centered in western NM and eastern Arizona. Lived in semi-subterranean houses scattered on ridges. Zunis come out of this culture






38. Reservation close to Carswell NM - Navajo removed here on The Long Walk in 1864. Have no houses or supplies so many die or slip away back to Arizona. Finally after two years - gov't appoints A.B. Norton who sees the conditions - writes Washington - g






39. Culture of the desert tradition. 300 AD to 1300 AD. Largest and most elaborate culture. In the 4 corners region (UT - CO -NM - AZ). Log houses. Used corn similar to corn in the east. Baskets are stunning - tightly woven - beautifully decorated with c






40. Religious practice of the Caddo Indians. Highly organized. Used burial mounds. Villages were centered around temples






41. Small bands occupy Texas Coast & off shore Islands from Galveston to Corpus Christi. Had ties to Northern Mexico. They spoke Coahuiltecan - a language from Mexico. They attacked LaSalle at Galveston. They killed the survivors of the boat 'The Lively'






42. A time before European influence in the Americas/20 -000 years or more/ american sw desert very dry and artifacts last indefinitely so there is an abundance






43. Hill Country Indians of Central Texas . Small tribes with confusing language roots. Hunter - gatherers - teepee dwellers. Served as Army scouts against the other tribes which caused resentment from them. They were never a very large group and they we






44. Part of Spanish/Indian policy - a system of labor put upon Indians already living on land made into encomiendas. Work a day or two a week for the landowner & he was obligated to protect you - developed a feudal system






45. Between 1850 & 1851 govt agents signed 18 treaties established a big hunk of land to be set aside in the state of CA for Indians.. they were sent to the US for ratification. The senate refuses to ratify them saying that it's way too much land. Finall






46. Not as flexible as Jesuits - dominant religious order in NM very dedicated - active in spreading gospel but try to make Indians work missions and stamp out Native Americanism as paganism






47. 16th Century Spanish system attempted to settle Indians & uses their Indian villages as their center. Uses Catholic priest in role similar to Indian Chief. makes community church cnetered and a self sufficient economy






48. Replaces General Crook/ very ambitious - wages full blown military campaign that included the Mexican govt - troops - Apache scouts - militia against Geronimo and his 24 men. 1886 Geronimo lays down his arms in Skeleton Canyon. Miles promises him a r






49. Head of the half of the band of Modocs - his side was the side which started trouble by stealing cattle but nothing too bad until they were all forced out of the res - CHD - some of his people and Hooker Jim went and raided some barns and killed some






50. Example of traders that arrive in navajo homeland last 2 decades of the 19th century. White men who trade - many marry into navajo families. market navajo materials and create interest in their goods. Most live on reservations in their communities.