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American Indian History

Subject : history
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ...Culture of the desert tradition. 300 bc to 1350 ad. Centered in western NM and eastern Arizona. Lived in semi-subterranean houses scattered on ridges. Zunis come out of this culture






2. On the mothers side: a boy's relationship with his matrilineal uncle was equal to that with his father - reason- you are a memeber of your mother's family. Family ties are super important. Cousins are as close as your brothers and sisters.






3. ...Culture of the desert tradition. 300 bc to 1100 ad. Centered in the Phoenix/Tucson area. Influenced by Mogollon culture. Engineers create network of canals. More complex society. Heavily influenced by Mexico






4. In Anasazi culture sunken chambers in their plazas for religious activity - for males only






5. When settlers moved west across Nevada - Southern Utah - Eastern Colorado - California they encounter the archaic and call them 'diggers' because their culture would dig roots - eat bugs & this did not appeal to the settlers






6. Athabascan speaking people who called themselves 'Dene' for the people but others called them Apache - stranger/enemy. Were nomadic. were hard to conquer because they were on the move all the time - followed the herds and the seasons






7. Any object transformed in anyway by humans - stone - wood - bone - arrowheads - campfires






8. Indian people living in 'the golden triangle' area of Texas which was very swampy and not desired by the Spanish so they were left alone. Anglos described them as dirty and greasy. They consumed fish - turtles - seafood - did not farm. Faded away






9. Not spanish at all but actually a Wichita town (or fort) with a moat & stockade. Built on a bend in the Red River. Spanish sent an expedition here that included their cannons but they were forced to retreat from it even leaving cannons behind.






10. New apache reservation in Northern Arizona. Indian Agent John Clum sets up Apache police force/most apache move here but not Geronimo and his band. He goes to Mexico & is joined by Victorio and his sister Lozen (healer - warrior - seer of enemies - h






11. Indians who speak this language and live in south texas brushy area from San Antonio to the Rio Grande. nomadic and hunter gatherers like the desert tradition. Least complex culture of texas. These are the mission indians of Southern Texas who seem t






12. Sport - played on ball courts. Very similar to basketball Played by hohokam culture.






13. Hill Country Indians of Central Texas . Small tribes with confusing language roots. Hunter - gatherers - teepee dwellers. Served as Army scouts against the other tribes which caused resentment from them. They were never a very large group and they we






14. A time before European influence in the Americas/20 -000 years or more/ american sw desert very dry and artifacts last indefinitely so there is an abundance






15. Role models for Navajo children. Mother was Changing Woman: Hero Twins are Monster Slayer and Child of the Waters. have adventures that shaped the Navajo land and slayed many monsters but they missed old age - poverty - dirt






16. Indian fighter with respect for Indians 'Humanitarian General'-travels to Mexico & asks Geronimo to come in to San Carlos res and he does. (1884). Then Spring 1885 Geronimo gets drunk & takes followers to Mexico- Crook follows & tries to get him to c






17. (apache means stranger/enemy but they called themselves 'Dene' for 'the people') Geronimo and his followers become known as this after leaving Florida & being sent to Ft. Sill - OK/ Geronimo dies in early 1900s and after that part of his band stays i






18. A man marrying more than one woman almost always sisters - strengthens matrilocality. More for economic reasons than romance as women headed clans until after WWII






19. 16th Century Spanish system attempted to settle Indians & uses their Indian villages as their center. Uses Catholic priest in role similar to Indian Chief. makes community church cnetered and a self sufficient economy






20. See Tonto Apache- Was away in 1870 when citizens of Tucson attack the village and kill the apaches in The Camp Grant Massacre. Whitman marches back arriving too late - makes arrests of ring leaders - after 5 day trial - they were all exonerated. Whit






21. When Carlton gained control over the Navajos he forced them to remove from their home land.. to a reservation called Bosque Redondo - it was the forced march of many Navajo to Fort Sumner - New Mexico - where they were imprisoned in 1864.






22. Example of traders that arrive in navajo homeland last 2 decades of the 19th century. White men who trade - many marry into navajo families. market navajo materials and create interest in their goods. Most live on reservations in their communities.






23. The dating of wooden artifacts through tree ring growth






24. Located in the Cross Timbers area (S. Kansas - thru OKC - DFW area). Caddo speaking. Closely related to the Pawnee. Sometimes called Pawnee Noir(dark skinned) or Pawnee Picts (tatoos).4 bands - names of many area landmarks come from them including Ta






25. Descendents of the Anasazis - mostly in New Mexico - most conservative - group oriented - communal - religious Indian community in North America. spatial relationship to their homeland & a supernatural purpose for being there. Farming a holy act.






26. Jan - May 1864: about 5 -000 removedNavajo Trail of Tears when Carleton forces Navajo to remove east from NE Arizona to East Central NM to a reservation called Bosque Redondo. Many die in route. were told they could farm but couldn't. Many die and sl






27. Eastern Arizona headquarters of Navajo - live in Hogans - garden and hunt game - melons and peach orchards






28. Apaches who originally lived in northern NM but moved to NE Arizona to protect their herds. Occupy desert SW - farm and are sedentary






29. Not as flexible as Jesuits - dominant religious order in NM very dedicated - active in spreading gospel but try to make Indians work missions and stamp out Native Americanism as paganism






30. Head of the half of the band of Modocs - his side was the side which started trouble by stealing cattle but nothing too bad until they were all forced out of the res - CHD - some of his people and Hooker Jim went and raided some barns and killed some






31. Indians of East Texas/SE OK/SW AR/NW LA - closely related to eastern mound building culture. Anadarco is the Center of their tribal government. The name Texas came from them. Highly successful farmers. Had a class structured society. Very concerned w






32. Between 1850 & 1851 govt agents signed 18 treaties established a big hunk of land to be set aside in the state of CA for Indians.. they were sent to the US for ratification. The senate refuses to ratify them saying that it's way too much land. Finall






33. Large cliff dwelling adobe houses in Colorado -dwellings were easy to defend -offered protection-provided a safe place for Anasazi - reached by ladders






34. Replaces General Crook/ very ambitious - wages full blown military campaign that included the Mexican govt - troops - Apache scouts - militia against Geronimo and his 24 men. 1886 Geronimo lays down his arms in Skeleton Canyon. Miles promises him a r






35. The sky city - poses fiercest resistance to 1598 Don Juan Onate expedition - brutal invasion by Spanish into Mexico-City sat on hard to reach mesa - they throw boulders down on Spanish - hold out for a long time- finally conquered - severe retributio






36. Spectacular place for defense - used by the modocs for defense and works very well






37. 8 -000 bc to ? In the Americas - name for hunter gatherer societies of that time - nomadic groups follow what can be found seasonally






38. Part of Spanish/Indian policy - a system of labor put upon Indians already living on land made into encomiendas. Work a day or two a week for the landowner & he was obligated to protect you - developed a feudal system






39. Arctic oriented language - Apache spoke this language - not related to Pueblos - probably the last group to come across - called themselves 'Dene' (the people) but others called them Apache which means stranger/enemy - those who shouldn't be there






40. Name means Red Sleeves. A huge man - led mimbreno apache. had been ambushed and flogged in a miner camp in 1851 - scarred for life - this ends a temporary truce between Mimbrenos and miners & leads to Apache attacking throughout the SW. He was also c






41. No hero to the navajos bc they see him as someone who cut down their peach orchards and hurt their homes






42. Dark complected Wichita Indian - Coronado thinks is a Moor who can lead him to the 7 cities of Cibola - takes expedition all the way to Wichita KS - finds only grass houses & kills Pawnee Noir - exposes Pueblos to Spaniards - Pueblos start acquiring






43. Used by Apache - is made from cactus root. similar to a grits type substance used as a base for stews and cooking






44. Indian Agent appointed to SE Arizona Apache res called Apache Pass was a friend of the Apache. Res lasts 5 years but is too close to the Mexico border and the Apache raid across border stealing livestock and returning to sell in US so Govt moves the






45. Chief spokesman of the Chiricahua Apache - had been at peace until 1860 accused of raiding a ranch in SE Arizona - really raided by mimbrenos - military pursues Cochise and tries to arrest him but fails - hostilities spread






46. Small forts associated with missions. Used by Spanish in the SW to protect these missions and were Spains defensive frontier






47. Apache leader - led Apaches at Santa Rita del Cobre mine/had truce witht the miners - but are ambushed by miners pretending to host a feast for them to get Apache scalp bounty money. Juan Jose's followers turn to Mangas Colorado after this for his he






48. Major language group (of caddos - pawnees - wichitas). A central plain language






49. Reservation close to Carswell NM - Navajo removed here on The Long Walk in 1864. Have no houses or supplies so many die or slip away back to Arizona. Finally after two years - gov't appoints A.B. Norton who sees the conditions - writes Washington - g






50. Campaign against the Navajos destroying sheep herds and homes. Many Navajos surrendered and thousands relocated to Bosque reservation in NM at Fort Sumner to protect NM ppl from raids. Confined to barren land encountered malnutrition - disease - bad