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American Indian History

Subject : history
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 16th Century Spanish system attempted to settle Indians & uses their Indian villages as their center. Uses Catholic priest in role similar to Indian Chief. makes community church cnetered and a self sufficient economy






2. (apache means stranger/enemy but they called themselves 'Dene' for 'the people') Geronimo and his followers become known as this after leaving Florida & being sent to Ft. Sill - OK/ Geronimo dies in early 1900s and after that part of his band stays i






3. Joined by Kit Carson - campaigns against Apaches and Navajos - Civil War era- he pushes the confederates out of Arizona? and doesn't have anything else to do






4. Indian people living in 'the golden triangle' area of Texas which was very swampy and not desired by the Spanish so they were left alone. Anglos described them as dirty and greasy. They consumed fish - turtles - seafood - did not farm. Faded away






5. Hill Country Indians of Central Texas . Small tribes with confusing language roots. Hunter - gatherers - teepee dwellers. Served as Army scouts against the other tribes which caused resentment from them. They were never a very large group and they we






6. Not as flexible as Jesuits - dominant religious order in NM very dedicated - active in spreading gospel but try to make Indians work missions and stamp out Native Americanism as paganism






7. Apache leader - led Apaches at Santa Rita del Cobre mine/had truce witht the miners - but are ambushed by miners pretending to host a feast for them to get Apache scalp bounty money. Juan Jose's followers turn to Mangas Colorado after this for his he






8. A man never speaks to his mother-in-law and avoids contacts as much as can. communicates thru his wife






9. When settlers moved west across Nevada - Southern Utah - Eastern Colorado - California they encounter the archaic and call them 'diggers' because their culture would dig roots - eat bugs & this did not appeal to the settlers






10. Major language group (of caddos - pawnees - wichitas). A central plain language






11. Culture of the desert tradition. 300 AD to 1300 AD. Largest and most elaborate culture. In the 4 corners region (UT - CO -NM - AZ). Log houses. Used corn similar to corn in the east. Baskets are stunning - tightly woven - beautifully decorated with c






12. No hero to the navajos bc they see him as someone who cut down their peach orchards and hurt their homes






13. Arctic oriented language - Apache spoke this language - not related to Pueblos - probably the last group to come across - called themselves 'Dene' (the people) but others called them Apache which means stranger/enemy - those who shouldn't be there






14. Indians of East Texas/SE OK/SW AR/NW LA - closely related to eastern mound building culture. Anadarco is the Center of their tribal government. The name Texas came from them. Highly successful farmers. Had a class structured society. Very concerned w






15. Spectacular place for defense - used by the modocs for defense and works very well






16. Supernatural beings who shape the navajo universe - they can help you or hurt you - have to keep on their good side. Leading Holy person-Changing Woman: impregnated by the sun and bears twin boys: The Hero Twins






17. Between 1850 & 1851 govt agents signed 18 treaties established a big hunk of land to be set aside in the state of CA for Indians.. they were sent to the US for ratification. The senate refuses to ratify them saying that it's way too much land. Finall






18. Example of traders that arrive in navajo homeland last 2 decades of the 19th century. White men who trade - many marry into navajo families. market navajo materials and create interest in their goods. Most live on reservations in their communities.






19. Apaches who originally lived in northern NM but moved to NE Arizona to protect their herds. Occupy desert SW - farm and are sedentary






20. ...Culture of the desert tradition. 300 bc to 1100 ad. Centered in the Phoenix/Tucson area. Influenced by Mogollon culture. Engineers create network of canals. More complex society. Heavily influenced by Mexico






21. Part of Spanish/Indian policy - large land grants are made to leading military figures - divides territories on Northern borders into land grants to encourage frontier expansion & reward those faithful to the crown






22. Campaign against the Navajos destroying sheep herds and homes. Many Navajos surrendered and thousands relocated to Bosque reservation in NM at Fort Sumner to protect NM ppl from raids. Confined to barren land encountered malnutrition - disease - bad






23. A time before European influence in the Americas/20 -000 years or more/ american sw desert very dry and artifacts last indefinitely so there is an abundance






24. In Anasazi culture sunken chambers in their plazas for religious activity - for males only






25. Religious practice of the Caddo Indians. Highly organized. Used burial mounds. Villages were centered around temples






26. Head of half the band of the Modocs - He shot and killed the men at the negotiation - including Camby - There was a public execution of him afterwards.






27. Eastern Arizona headquarters of Navajo - live in Hogans - garden and hunt game - melons and peach orchards






28. Part of Spanish/Indian policy - a system of labor put upon Indians already living on land made into encomiendas. Work a day or two a week for the landowner & he was obligated to protect you - developed a feudal system






29. Conducts campaigns against the Navajo - attacks homes in Canyon de Chelley and cuts down their orchards Forces Navajo to remove east - known by Navajo as 'The Long Walk'






30. The dating of wooden artifacts through tree ring growth






31. 8 -000 bc to ? In the Americas - name for hunter gatherer societies of that time - nomadic groups follow what can be found seasonally






32. Any object transformed in anyway by humans - stone - wood - bone - arrowheads - campfires






33. A man marrying more than one woman almost always sisters - strengthens matrilocality. More for economic reasons than romance as women headed clans until after WWII






34. Used by Apache - is made from cactus root. similar to a grits type substance used as a base for stews and cooking






35. Role models for Navajo children. Mother was Changing Woman: Hero Twins are Monster Slayer and Child of the Waters. have adventures that shaped the Navajo land and slayed many monsters but they missed old age - poverty - dirt






36. The sky city - poses fiercest resistance to 1598 Don Juan Onate expedition - brutal invasion by Spanish into Mexico-City sat on hard to reach mesa - they throw boulders down on Spanish - hold out for a long time- finally conquered - severe retributio






37. Dark complected Wichita Indian - Coronado thinks is a Moor who can lead him to the 7 cities of Cibola - takes expedition all the way to Wichita KS - finds only grass houses & kills Pawnee Noir - exposes Pueblos to Spaniards - Pueblos start acquiring






38. ...Culture of the desert tradition. 300 bc to 1350 ad. Centered in western NM and eastern Arizona. Lived in semi-subterranean houses scattered on ridges. Zunis come out of this culture






39. Speak Penution - they live on a reservation in Southern Oregon - they get most of the govt's money that comes into the reservation. The klamaths are mean to the modocs - bullying them and so the modocs leave.






40. He was over indian affairs in that region - tried to get the modocs a new reservation near tule lake by the lost river. 3 miles long 1 mile wide - but he was opposed by the bureau of indian affairs. he told by the govt to supply troops to move them b






41. Sport - played on ball courts. Very similar to basketball Played by hohokam culture.






42. Jan - May 1864: about 5 -000 removedNavajo Trail of Tears when Carleton forces Navajo to remove east from NE Arizona to East Central NM to a reservation called Bosque Redondo. Many die in route. were told they could farm but couldn't. Many die and sl






43. ...Geronimo and his 24 men come in and lay down their arms there. General Nelson Miles promises them a return to AZ but instead sends them to FL instead






44. On the mothers side: a boy's relationship with his matrilineal uncle was equal to that with his father - reason- you are a memeber of your mother's family. Family ties are super important. Cousins are as close as your brothers and sisters.






45. Replaces General Crook/ very ambitious - wages full blown military campaign that included the Mexican govt - troops - Apache scouts - militia against Geronimo and his 24 men. 1886 Geronimo lays down his arms in Skeleton Canyon. Miles promises him a r






46. Indian Agent appointed to SE Arizona Apache res called Apache Pass was a friend of the Apache. Res lasts 5 years but is too close to the Mexico border and the Apache raid across border stealing livestock and returning to sell in US so Govt moves the






47. Legendary 7 cities said to hold great treasure of 7 bishops who fled spain to North America (from the Moors) Fable inspired Coronado to go to the US southwest out of Mexico in search of these lost cities in 1540






48. Chief spokesman of the Chiricahua Apache - had been at peace until 1860 accused of raiding a ranch in SE Arizona - really raided by mimbrenos - military pursues Cochise and tries to arrest him but fails - hostilities spread






49. British Sailor - first to get to California - shows up in SF Bay- shocks Spaniards they think English have found NW passage and so think they had better claim it first and send questionable people to colonize NM






50. Located in the Cross Timbers area (S. Kansas - thru OKC - DFW area). Caddo speaking. Closely related to the Pawnee. Sometimes called Pawnee Noir(dark skinned) or Pawnee Picts (tatoos).4 bands - names of many area landmarks come from them including Ta