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American Indian History

Subject : history
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Small forts associated with missions. Used by Spanish in the SW to protect these missions and were Spains defensive frontier






2. Speak Penution - live in northeastern CA and are supposed to be living with the Klamaths in Southern Oregon. They leave that reservation however and go to 'the lost river' splitting into two bands - Capt. Jack's and Curly Headed Doctor's - each band






3. When Carlton gained control over the Navajos he forced them to remove from their home land.. to a reservation called Bosque Redondo - it was the forced march of many Navajo to Fort Sumner - New Mexico - where they were imprisoned in 1864.






4. Name means Red Sleeves. A huge man - led mimbreno apache. had been ambushed and flogged in a miner camp in 1851 - scarred for life - this ends a temporary truce between Mimbrenos and miners & leads to Apache attacking throughout the SW. He was also c






5. Descendents of the Anasazis - mostly in New Mexico - most conservative - group oriented - communal - religious Indian community in North America. spatial relationship to their homeland & a supernatural purpose for being there. Farming a holy act.






6. 8 -000 bc to ? In the Americas - name for hunter gatherer societies of that time - nomadic groups follow what can be found seasonally






7. ...Culture of the desert tradition. 300 bc to 1100 ad. Centered in the Phoenix/Tucson area. Influenced by Mogollon culture. Engineers create network of canals. More complex society. Heavily influenced by Mexico






8. When settlers moved west across Nevada - Southern Utah - Eastern Colorado - California they encounter the archaic and call them 'diggers' because their culture would dig roots - eat bugs & this did not appeal to the settlers






9. British Sailor - first to get to California - shows up in SF Bay- shocks Spaniards they think English have found NW passage and so think they had better claim it first and send questionable people to colonize NM






10. Located in the Cross Timbers area (S. Kansas - thru OKC - DFW area). Caddo speaking. Closely related to the Pawnee. Sometimes called Pawnee Noir(dark skinned) or Pawnee Picts (tatoos).4 bands - names of many area landmarks come from them including Ta






11. A man never speaks to his mother-in-law and avoids contacts as much as can. communicates thru his wife






12. Jan - May 1864: about 5 -000 removedNavajo Trail of Tears when Carleton forces Navajo to remove east from NE Arizona to East Central NM to a reservation called Bosque Redondo. Many die in route. were told they could farm but couldn't. Many die and sl






13. The dating of wooden artifacts through tree ring growth






14. 16th Century Spanish system attempted to settle Indians & uses their Indian villages as their center. Uses Catholic priest in role similar to Indian Chief. makes community church cnetered and a self sufficient economy






15. Hill Country Indians of Central Texas . Small tribes with confusing language roots. Hunter - gatherers - teepee dwellers. Served as Army scouts against the other tribes which caused resentment from them. They were never a very large group and they we






16. Any object transformed in anyway by humans - stone - wood - bone - arrowheads - campfires






17. Traders arrive in navajo homeland last 2 decades of the 19th century. they set up this trading post. Traders help navajo prosper in selling their goods. Traders marry into Navajo families

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18. A man marrying more than one woman almost always sisters - strengthens matrilocality. More for economic reasons than romance as women headed clans until after WWII






19. No hero to the navajos bc they see him as someone who cut down their peach orchards and hurt their homes






20. Part of Spanish/Indian policy - large land grants are made to leading military figures - divides territories on Northern borders into land grants to encourage frontier expansion & reward those faithful to the crown






21. (apache means stranger/enemy but they called themselves 'Dene' for 'the people') Geronimo and his followers become known as this after leaving Florida & being sent to Ft. Sill - OK/ Geronimo dies in early 1900s and after that part of his band stays i






22. A time before European influence in the Americas/20 -000 years or more/ american sw desert very dry and artifacts last indefinitely so there is an abundance






23. Head of half the band of the Modocs - He shot and killed the men at the negotiation - including Camby - There was a public execution of him afterwards.






24. Replaces General Crook/ very ambitious - wages full blown military campaign that included the Mexican govt - troops - Apache scouts - militia against Geronimo and his 24 men. 1886 Geronimo lays down his arms in Skeleton Canyon. Miles promises him a r






25. Head of the half of the band of Modocs - his side was the side which started trouble by stealing cattle but nothing too bad until they were all forced out of the res - CHD - some of his people and Hooker Jim went and raided some barns and killed some






26. Culture of the desert tradition. 300 AD to 1300 AD. Largest and most elaborate culture. In the 4 corners region (UT - CO -NM - AZ). Log houses. Used corn similar to corn in the east. Baskets are stunning - tightly woven - beautifully decorated with c






27. Sport - played on ball courts. Very similar to basketball Played by hohokam culture.






28. See Tonto Apache- Was away in 1870 when citizens of Tucson attack the village and kill the apaches in The Camp Grant Massacre. Whitman marches back arriving too late - makes arrests of ring leaders - after 5 day trial - they were all exonerated. Whit






29. After Texas became a state - Wichitas were moved west near the Brazos and Neighbors was an Indian Agent who tried to help them. The Comanche continued their attacks and this was blamed on the Wichitas. Neighbors was shot dead in the street - shot in






30. Indians of East Texas/SE OK/SW AR/NW LA - closely related to eastern mound building culture. Anadarco is the Center of their tribal government. The name Texas came from them. Highly successful farmers. Had a class structured society. Very concerned w






31. Not spanish at all but actually a Wichita town (or fort) with a moat & stockade. Built on a bend in the Red River. Spanish sent an expedition here that included their cannons but they were forced to retreat from it even leaving cannons behind.






32. Eastern Arizona headquarters of Navajo - live in Hogans - garden and hunt game - melons and peach orchards






33. Spectacular place for defense - used by the modocs for defense and works very well






34. Example of traders that arrive in navajo homeland last 2 decades of the 19th century. White men who trade - many marry into navajo families. market navajo materials and create interest in their goods. Most live on reservations in their communities.






35. ...Culture of the desert tradition. 300 bc to 1350 ad. Centered in western NM and eastern Arizona. Lived in semi-subterranean houses scattered on ridges. Zunis come out of this culture






36. Apache leader - led Apaches at Santa Rita del Cobre mine/had truce witht the miners - but are ambushed by miners pretending to host a feast for them to get Apache scalp bounty money. Juan Jose's followers turn to Mangas Colorado after this for his he






37. Apaches who originally lived in northern NM but moved to NE Arizona to protect their herds. Occupy desert SW - farm and are sedentary






38. He was over indian affairs in that region - tried to get the modocs a new reservation near tule lake by the lost river. 3 miles long 1 mile wide - but he was opposed by the bureau of indian affairs. he told by the govt to supply troops to move them b






39. Not as flexible as Jesuits - dominant religious order in NM very dedicated - active in spreading gospel but try to make Indians work missions and stamp out Native Americanism as paganism






40. On the mothers side: a boy's relationship with his matrilineal uncle was equal to that with his father - reason- you are a memeber of your mother's family. Family ties are super important. Cousins are as close as your brothers and sisters.






41. ...Geronimo and his 24 men come in and lay down their arms there. General Nelson Miles promises them a return to AZ but instead sends them to FL instead






42. Campaign against the Navajos destroying sheep herds and homes. Many Navajos surrendered and thousands relocated to Bosque reservation in NM at Fort Sumner to protect NM ppl from raids. Confined to barren land encountered malnutrition - disease - bad






43. Religious practice of the Caddo Indians. Highly organized. Used burial mounds. Villages were centered around temples






44. Used by Apache - is made from cactus root. similar to a grits type substance used as a base for stews and cooking






45. Indian people living in 'the golden triangle' area of Texas which was very swampy and not desired by the Spanish so they were left alone. Anglos described them as dirty and greasy. They consumed fish - turtles - seafood - did not farm. Faded away






46. Part of Spanish/Indian policy - a system of labor put upon Indians already living on land made into encomiendas. Work a day or two a week for the landowner & he was obligated to protect you - developed a feudal system






47. Conducts campaigns against the Navajo - attacks homes in Canyon de Chelley and cuts down their orchards Forces Navajo to remove east - known by Navajo as 'The Long Walk'






48. Large cliff dwelling adobe houses in Colorado -dwellings were easy to defend -offered protection-provided a safe place for Anasazi - reached by ladders






49. Between 1850 & 1851 govt agents signed 18 treaties established a big hunk of land to be set aside in the state of CA for Indians.. they were sent to the US for ratification. The senate refuses to ratify them saying that it's way too much land. Finall






50. Role models for Navajo children. Mother was Changing Woman: Hero Twins are Monster Slayer and Child of the Waters. have adventures that shaped the Navajo land and slayed many monsters but they missed old age - poverty - dirt