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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






2. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






3. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






4. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






5. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






6. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






7. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






8. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






9. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






10. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






11. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






12. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






13. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






14. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






15. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






16. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






17. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






18. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






19. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






20. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






21. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






22. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






23. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






24. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






25. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






26. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






27. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






28. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






29. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






30. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






31. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






32. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






33. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






34. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






35. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






36. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






37. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






38. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






39. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






40. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






41. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






42. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






43. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






44. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






45. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






46. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






47. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






48. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






49. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






50. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.