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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






2. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






3. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






4. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






5. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






6. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






7. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






8. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






9. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






10. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






11. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






12. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






13. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






14. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






15. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






16. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






17. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






18. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






19. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






20. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






21. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






22. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






23. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






24. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






25. Becoming aware of something via the senses






26. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






27. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






28. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






29. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






30. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






31. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






32. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






33. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






34. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






35. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






36. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






37. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






38. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






39. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






40. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






41. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






42. Becoming aware of something via the senses






43. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






44. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






45. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






46. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






47. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






48. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






49. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






50. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.