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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






2. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






3. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






4. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






5. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






6. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






7. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






8. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






9. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






10. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






11. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






12. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






13. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






14. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






15. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






16. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






17. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






18. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






19. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






20. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






21. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






22. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






23. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






24. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






25. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






26. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






27. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






28. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






29. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






30. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






31. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






32. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






33. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






34. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






35. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






36. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






37. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






38. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






39. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






40. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






41. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






42. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






43. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






44. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






45. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






46. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






47. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






48. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






49. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






50. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide