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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






2. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






3. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






4. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






5. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






6. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






7. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






8. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






9. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






10. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






11. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






12. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






13. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






14. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






15. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






16. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






17. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






18. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






19. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






20. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






21. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






22. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






23. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






24. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






25. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






26. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






27. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






28. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






29. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






30. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






31. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






32. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






33. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






34. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






35. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






36. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






37. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






38. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






39. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






40. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






41. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






42. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






43. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






44. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






45. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






46. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






47. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






48. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






49. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






50. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others