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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






2. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






3. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






4. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






5. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






6. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






7. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






8. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






9. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






10. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






11. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






12. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






13. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






14. Becoming aware of something via the senses






15. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






16. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






17. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






18. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






19. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






20. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






21. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






22. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






23. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






24. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






25. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






26. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






27. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






28. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






29. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






30. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






31. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






32. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






33. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






34. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






35. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






36. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






37. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






38. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






39. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






40. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






41. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






42. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






43. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






44. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






45. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






46. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






47. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






48. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






49. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






50. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw