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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






2. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






3. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






4. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






5. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






6. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






7. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






8. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






9. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






10. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






11. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






12. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






13. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






14. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






15. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






16. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






17. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






18. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






19. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






20. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






21. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






22. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






23. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






24. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






25. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






26. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






27. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






28. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






29. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






30. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






31. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






32. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






33. Becoming aware of something via the senses






34. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






35. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






36. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






37. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






38. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






39. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






40. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






41. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






42. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






43. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






44. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






45. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






46. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






47. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






48. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






49. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






50. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.