Test your basic knowledge |

Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






2. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






3. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






4. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






5. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






6. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






7. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






8. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






9. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






10. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






11. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






12. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






13. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






14. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






15. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






16. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






17. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






18. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






19. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






20. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






21. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






22. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






23. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






24. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






25. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






26. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






27. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






28. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






29. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






30. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






31. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






32. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






33. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






34. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






35. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






36. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






37. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






38. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






39. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






40. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






41. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






42. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






43. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






44. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






45. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






46. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






47. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






48. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






49. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






50. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.