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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






2. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






3. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






4. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






5. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






6. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






7. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






8. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






9. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






10. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






11. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






12. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






13. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






14. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






15. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






16. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






17. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






18. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






19. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






20. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






21. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






22. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






23. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






24. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






25. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






26. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






27. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






28. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






29. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






30. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






31. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






32. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






33. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






34. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






35. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






36. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






37. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






38. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






39. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






40. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






41. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






42. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






43. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






44. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






45. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






46. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






47. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






48. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






49. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






50. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.