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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






2. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






3. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






4. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






5. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






6. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






7. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






8. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






9. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






10. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






11. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






12. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






13. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






14. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






15. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






16. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






17. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






18. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






19. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






20. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






21. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






22. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






23. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






24. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






25. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






26. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






27. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






28. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






29. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






30. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






31. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






32. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






33. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






34. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






35. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






36. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






37. Becoming aware of something via the senses






38. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






39. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






40. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






41. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






42. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






43. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






44. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






45. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






46. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






47. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






48. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






49. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






50. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.