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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






2. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






3. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






4. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






5. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






6. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






7. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






8. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






9. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






10. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






11. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






12. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






13. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






14. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






15. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






16. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






17. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






18. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






19. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






20. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






21. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






22. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






23. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






24. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






25. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






26. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






27. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






28. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






29. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






30. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






31. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






32. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






33. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






34. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






35. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






36. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






37. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






38. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






39. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






40. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






41. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






42. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






43. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






44. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






45. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






46. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






47. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






48. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






49. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






50. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.