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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






2. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






3. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






4. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






5. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






6. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






7. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






8. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






9. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






10. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






11. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






12. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






13. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






14. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






15. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






16. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






17. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






18. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






19. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






20. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






21. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






22. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






23. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






24. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






25. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






26. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






27. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






28. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






29. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






30. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






31. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






32. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






33. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






34. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






35. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






36. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






37. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






38. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






39. Becoming aware of something via the senses






40. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






41. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






42. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






43. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






44. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






45. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






46. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






47. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






48. Becoming aware of something via the senses






49. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






50. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).