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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






2. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






3. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






4. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






5. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






6. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






7. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






8. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






9. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






10. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






11. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






12. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






13. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






14. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






15. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






16. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






17. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






18. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






19. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






20. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






21. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






22. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






23. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






24. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






25. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






26. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






27. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






28. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






29. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






30. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






31. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






32. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






33. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






34. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






35. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






36. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






37. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






38. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






39. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






40. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






41. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






42. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






43. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






44. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






45. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






46. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






47. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






48. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






49. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






50. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.