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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






2. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






3. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






4. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






5. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






6. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






7. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






8. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






9. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






10. Becoming aware of something via the senses






11. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






12. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






13. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






14. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






15. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






16. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






17. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






18. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






19. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






20. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






21. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






22. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






23. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






24. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






25. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






26. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






27. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






28. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






29. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






30. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






31. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






32. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






33. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






34. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






35. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






36. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






37. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






38. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






39. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






40. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






41. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






42. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






43. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






44. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






45. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






46. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






47. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






48. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






49. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






50. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.