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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






2. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






3. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






4. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






5. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






6. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






7. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






8. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






9. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






10. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






11. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






12. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






13. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






14. Becoming aware of something via the senses






15. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






16. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






17. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






18. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






19. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






20. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






21. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






22. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






23. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






24. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






25. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






26. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






27. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






28. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






29. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






30. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






31. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






32. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






33. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






34. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






35. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






36. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






37. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






38. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






39. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






40. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






41. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






42. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






43. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






44. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






45. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






46. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






47. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






48. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






49. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






50. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.