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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






2. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






3. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






4. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






5. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






6. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






7. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






8. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






9. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






10. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






11. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






12. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






13. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






14. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






15. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






16. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






17. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






18. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






19. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






20. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






21. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






22. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






23. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






24. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






25. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






26. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






27. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






28. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






29. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






30. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






31. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






32. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






33. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






34. Becoming aware of something via the senses






35. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






36. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






37. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






38. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






39. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






40. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






41. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






42. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






43. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






44. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






45. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






46. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






47. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






48. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






49. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






50. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat