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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






2. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






3. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






4. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






5. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






6. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






7. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






8. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






9. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






10. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






11. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






12. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






13. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






14. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






15. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






16. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






17. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






18. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






19. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






20. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






21. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






22. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






23. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






24. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






25. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






26. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






27. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






28. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






29. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






30. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






31. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






32. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






33. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






34. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






35. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






36. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






37. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






38. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






39. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






40. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






41. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






42. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






43. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






44. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






45. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






46. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






47. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






48. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






49. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






50. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.