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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






2. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






3. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






4. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






5. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






6. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






7. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






8. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






9. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






10. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






11. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






12. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






13. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






14. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






15. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






16. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






17. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






18. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






19. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






20. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






21. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






22. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






23. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






24. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






25. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






26. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






27. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






28. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






29. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






30. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






31. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






32. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






33. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






34. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






35. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






36. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






37. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






38. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






39. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






40. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






41. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






42. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






43. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






44. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






45. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






46. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






47. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






48. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






49. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






50. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.