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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






2. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






3. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






4. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






5. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






6. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






7. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






8. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






9. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






10. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






11. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






12. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






13. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






14. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






15. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






16. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






17. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






18. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






19. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






20. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






21. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






22. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






23. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






24. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






25. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






26. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






27. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






28. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






29. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






30. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






31. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






32. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






33. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






34. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






35. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






36. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






37. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






38. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






39. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






40. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






41. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






42. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






43. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






44. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






45. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






46. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






47. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






48. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






49. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






50. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.