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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






2. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






3. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






4. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






5. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






6. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






7. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






8. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






9. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






10. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






11. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






12. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






13. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






14. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






15. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






16. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






17. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






18. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






19. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






20. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






21. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






22. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






23. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






24. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






25. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






26. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






27. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






28. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






29. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






30. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






31. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






32. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






33. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






34. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






35. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






36. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






37. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






38. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






39. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






40. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






41. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






42. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






43. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






44. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






45. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






46. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






47. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






48. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






49. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






50. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.