Test your basic knowledge |

Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






2. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






3. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






4. Becoming aware of something via the senses






5. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






6. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






7. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






8. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






9. Becoming aware of something via the senses






10. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






11. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






12. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






13. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






14. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






15. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






16. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






17. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






18. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






19. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






20. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






21. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






22. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






23. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






24. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






25. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






26. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






27. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






28. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






29. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






30. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






31. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






32. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






33. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






34. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






35. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






36. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






37. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






38. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






39. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






40. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






41. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






42. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






43. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






44. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






45. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






46. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






47. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






48. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






49. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






50. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.