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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






2. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






3. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






4. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






5. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






6. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






7. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






8. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






9. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






10. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






11. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






12. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






13. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






14. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






15. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






16. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






17. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






18. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






19. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






20. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






21. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






22. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






23. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






24. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






25. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






26. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






27. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






28. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






29. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






30. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






31. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






32. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






33. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






34. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






35. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






36. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






37. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






38. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






39. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






40. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






41. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






42. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






43. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






44. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






45. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






46. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






47. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






48. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






49. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






50. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms







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