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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






2. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






3. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






4. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






5. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






6. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






7. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






8. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






9. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






10. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






11. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






12. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






13. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






14. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






15. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






16. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






17. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






18. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






19. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






20. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






21. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






22. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






23. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






24. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






25. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






26. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






27. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






28. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






29. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






30. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






31. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






32. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






33. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






34. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






35. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






36. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






37. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






38. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






39. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






40. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






41. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






42. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






43. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






44. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






45. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






46. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






47. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






48. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






49. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






50. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others