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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






2. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






3. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






4. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






5. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






6. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






7. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






8. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






9. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






10. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






11. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






12. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






13. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






14. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






15. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






16. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






17. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






18. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






19. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






20. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






21. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






22. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






23. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






24. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






25. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






26. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






27. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






28. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






29. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






30. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






31. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






32. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






33. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






34. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






35. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






36. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






37. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






38. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






39. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






40. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






41. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






42. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






43. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






44. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






45. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






46. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






47. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






48. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






49. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






50. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.