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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






2. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






3. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






4. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






5. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






6. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






7. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






8. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






9. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






10. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






11. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






12. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






13. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






14. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






15. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






16. Becoming aware of something via the senses






17. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






18. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






19. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






20. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






21. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






22. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






23. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






24. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






25. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






26. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






27. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






28. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






29. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






30. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






31. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






32. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






33. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






34. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






35. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






36. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






37. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






38. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






39. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






40. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






41. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






42. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






43. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






44. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






45. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






46. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






47. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






48. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






49. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






50. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth