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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






2. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






3. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






4. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






5. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






6. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






7. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






8. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






9. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






10. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






11. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






12. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






13. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






14. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






15. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






16. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






17. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






18. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






19. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






20. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






21. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






22. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






23. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






24. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






25. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






26. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






27. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






28. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






29. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






30. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






31. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






32. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






33. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






34. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






35. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






36. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






37. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






38. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






39. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






40. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






41. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






42. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






43. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






44. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






45. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






46. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






47. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






48. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






49. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






50. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone