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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






2. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






3. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






4. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






5. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






6. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






7. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






8. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






9. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






10. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






11. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






12. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






13. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






14. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






15. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






16. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






17. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






18. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






19. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






20. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






21. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






22. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






23. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






24. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






25. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






26. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






27. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






28. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






29. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






30. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






31. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






32. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






33. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






34. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






35. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






36. Becoming aware of something via the senses






37. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






38. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






39. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






40. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






41. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






42. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






43. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






44. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






45. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






46. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






47. Becoming aware of something via the senses






48. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






49. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






50. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations