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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






2. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






3. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






4. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






5. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






6. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






7. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






8. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






9. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






10. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






11. Becoming aware of something via the senses






12. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






13. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






14. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






15. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






16. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






17. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






18. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






19. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






20. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






21. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






22. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






23. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






24. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






25. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






26. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






27. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






28. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






29. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






30. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






31. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






32. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






33. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






34. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






35. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






36. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






37. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






38. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






39. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






40. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






41. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






42. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






43. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






44. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






45. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






46. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






47. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






48. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






49. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






50. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige