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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






2. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






3. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






4. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






5. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






6. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






7. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






8. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






9. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






10. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






11. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






12. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






13. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






14. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






15. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






16. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






17. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






18. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






19. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






20. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






21. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






22. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






23. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






24. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






25. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






26. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






27. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






28. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






29. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






30. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






31. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






32. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






33. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






34. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






35. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






36. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






37. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






38. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






39. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






40. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






41. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






42. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






43. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






44. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






45. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






46. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






47. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






48. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






49. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






50. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.