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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






2. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






3. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






4. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






5. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






6. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






7. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






8. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






9. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






10. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






11. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






12. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






13. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






14. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






15. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






16. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






17. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






18. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






19. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






20. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






21. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






22. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






23. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






24. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






25. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






26. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






27. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






28. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






29. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






30. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






31. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






32. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






33. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






34. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






35. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






36. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






37. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






38. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






39. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






40. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






41. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






42. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






43. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






44. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






45. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






46. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






47. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






48. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






49. Becoming aware of something via the senses






50. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat