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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






2. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






3. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






4. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






5. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






6. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






7. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






8. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






9. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






10. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






11. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






12. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






13. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






14. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






15. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






16. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






17. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






18. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






19. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






20. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






21. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






22. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






23. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






24. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






25. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






26. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






27. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






28. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






29. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






30. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






31. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






32. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






33. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






34. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






35. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






36. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






37. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






38. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






39. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






40. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






41. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






42. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






43. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






44. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






45. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






46. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






47. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






48. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






49. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






50. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige