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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






2. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






3. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






4. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






5. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






6. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






7. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






8. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






9. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






10. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






11. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






12. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






13. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






14. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






15. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






16. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






17. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






18. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






19. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






20. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






21. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






22. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






23. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






24. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






25. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






26. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






27. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






28. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






29. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






30. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






31. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






32. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






33. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






34. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






35. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






36. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






37. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






38. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






39. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






40. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






41. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






42. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






43. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






44. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






45. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






46. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






47. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






48. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






49. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






50. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.