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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






2. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






3. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






4. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






5. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






6. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






7. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






8. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






9. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






10. Becoming aware of something via the senses






11. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






12. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






13. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






14. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






15. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






16. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






17. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






18. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






19. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






20. Becoming aware of something via the senses






21. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






22. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






23. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






24. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






25. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






26. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






27. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






28. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






29. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






30. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






31. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






32. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






33. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






34. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






35. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






36. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






37. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






38. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






39. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






40. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






41. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






42. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






43. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






44. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






45. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






46. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






47. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






48. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






49. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






50. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.