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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






2. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






3. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






4. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






5. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






6. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






7. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






8. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






9. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






10. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






11. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






12. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






13. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






14. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






15. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






16. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






17. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






18. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






19. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






20. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






21. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






22. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






23. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






24. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






25. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






26. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






27. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






28. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






29. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






30. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






31. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






32. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






33. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






34. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






35. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






36. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






37. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






38. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






39. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






40. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






41. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






42. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






43. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






44. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






45. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






46. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






47. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






48. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






49. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






50. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself