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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






2. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






3. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






4. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






5. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






6. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






7. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






8. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






9. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






10. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






11. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






12. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






13. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






14. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






15. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






16. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






17. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






18. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






19. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






20. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






21. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






22. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






23. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






24. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






25. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






26. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






27. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






28. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






29. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






30. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






31. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






32. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






33. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






34. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






35. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






36. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






37. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






38. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






39. Becoming aware of something via the senses






40. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






41. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






42. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






43. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






44. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






45. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






46. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






47. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






48. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






49. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






50. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.