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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






2. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






3. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






4. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






5. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






6. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






7. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






8. Becoming aware of something via the senses






9. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






10. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






11. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






12. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






13. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






14. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






15. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






16. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






17. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






18. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






19. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






20. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






21. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






22. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






23. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






24. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






25. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






26. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






27. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






28. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






29. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






30. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






31. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






32. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






33. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






34. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






35. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






36. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






37. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






38. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






39. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






40. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






41. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






42. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






43. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






44. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






45. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






46. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






47. Becoming aware of something via the senses






48. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






49. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






50. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide