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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






2. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






3. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






4. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






5. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






6. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






7. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






8. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






9. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






10. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






11. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






12. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






13. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






14. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






15. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






16. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






17. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






18. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






19. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






20. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






21. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






22. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






23. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






24. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






25. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






26. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






27. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






28. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






29. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






30. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






31. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






32. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






33. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






34. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






35. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






36. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






37. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






38. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






39. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






40. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






41. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






42. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






43. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






44. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






45. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






46. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






47. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






48. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






49. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






50. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth