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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






2. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






3. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






4. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






5. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






6. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






7. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






8. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






9. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






10. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






11. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






12. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






13. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






14. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






15. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






16. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






17. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






18. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






19. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






20. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






21. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






22. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






23. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






24. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






25. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






26. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






27. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






28. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






29. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






30. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






31. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






32. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






33. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






34. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






35. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






36. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






37. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






38. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






39. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






40. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






41. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






42. Becoming aware of something via the senses






43. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






44. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






45. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






46. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






47. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






48. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






49. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






50. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.