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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






2. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






3. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






4. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






5. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






6. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






7. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






8. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






9. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






10. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






11. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






12. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






13. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






14. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






15. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






16. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






17. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






18. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






19. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






20. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






21. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






22. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






23. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






24. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






25. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






26. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






27. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






28. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






29. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






30. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






31. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






32. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






33. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






34. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






35. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






36. Becoming aware of something via the senses






37. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






38. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






39. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






40. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






41. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






42. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






43. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






44. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






45. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






46. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






47. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






48. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






49. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






50. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself