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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






2. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






3. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






4. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






5. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






6. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






7. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






8. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






9. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






10. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






11. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






12. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






13. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






14. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






15. Becoming aware of something via the senses






16. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






17. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






18. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






19. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






20. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






21. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






22. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






23. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






24. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






25. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






26. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






27. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






28. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






29. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






30. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






31. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






32. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






33. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






34. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






35. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






36. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






37. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






38. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






39. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






40. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






41. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






42. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






43. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






44. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






45. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






46. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






47. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






48. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






49. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






50. Specific ideas that people hold to be true