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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






2. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






3. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






4. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






5. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






6. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






7. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






8. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






9. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






10. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






11. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






12. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






13. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






14. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






15. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






16. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






17. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






18. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






19. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






20. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






21. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






22. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






23. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






24. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






25. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






26. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






27. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






28. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






29. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






30. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






31. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






32. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






33. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






34. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






35. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






36. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






37. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






38. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






39. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






40. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






41. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






42. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






43. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






44. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






45. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






46. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






47. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






48. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






49. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






50. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations