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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






2. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






3. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






4. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






5. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






6. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






7. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






8. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






9. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






10. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






11. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






12. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






13. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






14. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






15. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






16. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






17. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






18. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






19. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






20. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






21. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






22. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






23. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






24. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






25. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






26. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






27. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






28. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






29. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






30. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






31. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






32. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






33. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






34. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






35. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






36. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






37. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






38. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






39. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






40. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






41. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






42. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






43. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






44. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






45. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






46. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






47. Becoming aware of something via the senses






48. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






49. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






50. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.







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