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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






2. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






3. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






4. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






5. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






6. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






7. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






8. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






9. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






10. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






11. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






12. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






13. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






14. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






15. Becoming aware of something via the senses






16. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






17. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






18. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






19. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






20. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






21. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






22. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






23. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






24. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






25. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






26. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






27. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






28. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






29. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






30. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






31. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






32. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






33. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






34. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






35. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






36. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






37. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






38. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






39. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






40. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






41. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






42. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






43. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






44. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






45. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






46. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






47. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






48. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






49. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






50. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.