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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






2. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






3. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






4. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






5. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






6. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






7. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






8. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






9. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






10. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






11. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






12. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






13. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






14. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






15. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






16. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






17. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






18. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






19. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






20. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






21. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






22. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






23. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






24. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






25. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






26. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






27. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






28. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






29. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






30. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






31. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






32. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






33. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






34. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






35. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






36. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






37. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






38. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






39. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






40. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






41. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






42. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






43. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






44. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






45. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






46. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






47. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






48. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






49. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






50. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige