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Test your basic knowledge |
Anthropology Basics - Praxis II
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Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige
Antropology
Group Norms
Habituation
Social Stratification
2. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.
Ascribed Status
Cultural Diffusion
Cognitive Theory
Cultural Relativity
3. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.
Major Depressive Disorder
Conformity
Cultural Diffusion
Laws
4. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.
Positive Sanctions
Institutions
Negative Reinforcement
Ideals
5. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.
Ethnocentrism
Dominant Cultures
Biases
Ethnocentrism
6. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.
Primary Groups
Split Brain
Negative Reinforcement
Ethnocentrism
7. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a
Dominant Cultures
Conformity
B.F. Skinner
Reactionary Groups
8. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.
Abnormal Psychology
Dominant Cultures
Social mobility
B.F. Skinner
9. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.
Utopias
Pluralistic Ignorance
Erik Erickson
Dissociative Identity Disorder
10. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms
Deviance
Primary Groups
Transference
Negative Sanctions
11. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms
Culture Clash
Institutions
Beliefs
Physical Anthroplogy
12. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.
Conformity
Sensitive Development Period
Reactionary Groups
Habituation
13. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.
Status
Negative Reinforcement
Pluralism
Networks
14. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Sigmund Freud
Identity Formation
Folkways
15. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.
Multicultural diversity
B.F. Skinner
Positive Sanctions
Jean Piaget
16. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.
Physical Anthroplogy
Folkways
Ethnocentrism
Subcultures
17. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior
Prosocial Behavior
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Utopias
Negative Reinforcement
18. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.
Biases
Sterotypes
Mores
Split Brain
19. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.
Ethnocentrism
Prejudice
Institutions
Punishment
20. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.
Deindividualism
Cultural Relativity
Negative Reinforcement
Ideals
21. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).
Social Cognition
Conflict
Ethnocentrism
Values
22. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.
Archaeology
Classical Conditioning
B.F. Skinner
Dissociative Identity Disorder
23. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems
Secondary Groups
Norms
Group Norms
Habituation
24. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Behavioral Psychology
Group
Utopias
Conformity
25. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.
Primary Groups
Cultural Anthroplogy
Institutions
Social Solidarity
26. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms
Humanistic Psychology
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Physical Anthroplogy
Punishment
27. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone
Folkways
Deindividualism
Latent Learning
Social mobility
28. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).
Institutions
B.F. Skinner
Transference
Prejudice
29. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.
Primary Groups
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Mores
Ethnocentrism
30. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms
Latent Learning
Deviance
Identity crisis
Culture Clash
31. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.
Sigmund Freud
Reactionary Groups
Cultural Diffusion
Correlational Research
32. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
Carl Jung
Major Depressive Disorder
Group
Norms
33. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw
Enculturation
Culture Clash
Role
Group Norms
34. Becoming aware of something via the senses
Perception
Ivan Pavlov
Sensitive Development Period
Habituation
35. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.
Utopias
Correlational Research
Sensitive Development Period
Networks
36. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.
Role
Institutions
Folkways
Beliefs
37. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth
Deviance
Humanistic Psychology
B.F. Skinner
Role
38. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems
Beliefs
Latent Learning
Secondary Groups
Conflict
39. Specific ideas that people hold to be true
Prosocial Behavior
Correlational Research
Beliefs
Latent Learning
40. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
Latent Learning
Serial-Position Effect
Habituation
Deviance
41. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide
Cognitive Theory
Networks
Ivan Pavlov
Sigmund Freud
42. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en
Serial-Position Effect
Identity Formation
Status
Group
43. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.
Social mobility
Institutions
Cultural Anthroplogy
Schizophrenia
44. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life
Social Stratification
Perception
Status
Ascribed Status
45. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself
Identity Formation
Identity crisis
Group Norms
Split Brain
46. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Cultural Diffusion
Ivan Pavlov
Socialization
47. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.
Values
Sensitive Development Period
Identity crisis
Jean Piaget
48. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.
Major Depressive Disorder
Habituation
Deviance
Negative Sanctions
49. Specific ideas that people hold to be true
Social Solidarity
Primary Groups
Beliefs
Cultural Relativity
50. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.
Cultural Diffusion
Social mobility
Laws
Status