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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






2. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






3. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






4. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






5. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






6. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






7. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






8. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






9. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






10. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






11. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






12. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






13. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






14. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






15. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






16. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






17. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






18. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






19. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






20. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






21. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






22. Becoming aware of something via the senses






23. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






24. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






25. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






26. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






27. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






28. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






29. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






30. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






31. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






32. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






33. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






34. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






35. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






36. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






37. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






38. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






39. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






40. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






41. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






42. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






43. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






44. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






45. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






46. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






47. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






48. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






49. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






50. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.