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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






2. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






3. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






4. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






5. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






6. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






7. Becoming aware of something via the senses






8. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






9. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






10. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






11. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






12. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






13. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






14. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






15. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






16. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






17. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






18. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






19. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






20. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






21. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






22. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






23. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






24. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






25. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






26. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






27. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






28. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






29. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






30. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






31. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






32. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






33. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






34. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






35. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






36. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






37. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






38. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






39. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






40. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






41. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






42. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






43. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






44. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






45. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






46. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






47. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






48. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






49. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






50. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.