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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






2. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






3. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






4. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






5. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






6. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






7. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






8. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






9. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






10. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






11. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






12. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






13. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






14. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






15. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






16. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






17. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






18. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






19. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






20. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






21. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






22. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






23. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






24. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






25. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






26. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






27. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






28. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






29. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






30. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






31. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






32. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






33. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






34. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






35. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






36. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






37. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






38. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






39. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






40. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






41. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






42. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






43. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






44. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






45. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






46. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






47. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






48. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






49. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






50. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.