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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






2. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






3. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






4. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






5. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






6. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






7. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






8. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






9. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






10. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






11. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






12. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






13. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






14. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






15. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






16. Becoming aware of something via the senses






17. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






18. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






19. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






20. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






21. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






22. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






23. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






24. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






25. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






26. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






27. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






28. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






29. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






30. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






31. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






32. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






33. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






34. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






35. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






36. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






37. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






38. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






39. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






40. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






41. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






42. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






43. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






44. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






45. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






46. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






47. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






48. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






49. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






50. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit