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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






2. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






3. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






4. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






5. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






6. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






7. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






8. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






9. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






10. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






11. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






12. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






13. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






14. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






15. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






16. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






17. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






18. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






19. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






20. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






21. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






22. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






23. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






24. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






25. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






26. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






27. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






28. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






29. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






30. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






31. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






32. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






33. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






34. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






35. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






36. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






37. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






38. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






39. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






40. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






41. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






42. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






43. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






44. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






45. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






46. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






47. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






48. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






49. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






50. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige