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Test your basic knowledge |
Anthropology Basics - Praxis II
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Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.
Enculturation
Cultural Relativity
Ethnocentrism
Culture Clash
2. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.
Prejudice
Deviance
Socialization
Social Solidarity
3. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.
Social Stratification
Cultural Anthroplogy
Cultural Diffusion
Antropology
4. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.
Identity crisis
Deviance
Split Brain
Sterotypes
5. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.
Subcultures
Positive Sanctions
Primary Groups
Serial-Position Effect
6. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms
Subcultures
Physical Anthroplogy
Negative Sanctions
Institutions
7. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations
Values
Jean Piaget
Sigmund Freud
Major Depressive Disorder
8. Unique characteristics of ethics groups
Laws
Multicultural diversity
Sigmund Freud
Conformity
9. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw
Group Norms
Social Stratification
Physical Anthroplogy
Culture Clash
10. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.
Serial-Position Effect
Erik Erickson
Classical Conditioning
Social Solidarity
11. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding
Deviance
Pluralistic Ignorance
Punishment
Folkways
12. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.
Prosocial Behavior
Social Cognition
Cultural Diffusion
Archaeology
13. Becoming aware of something via the senses
Perception
Habituation
B.F. Skinner
Erik Erickson
14. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.
Erik Erickson
Social mobility
Erik Erickson
Pluralistic Ignorance
15. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en
Dominant Cultures
Serial-Position Effect
Split Brain
Role
16. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms
Cultural Relativity
Deviance
Physical Anthroplogy
Negative Reinforcement
17. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.
Cognitive Theory
Physical Anthroplogy
Social Stratification
Cultural Diffusion
18. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations
Jean Piaget
Laws
Latent Learning
Culture Clash
19. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a
Abnormal Psychology
Schizophrenia
Antropology
B.F. Skinner
20. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.
Physical Anthroplogy
Pluralism
Pluralistic Ignorance
Laws
21. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.
Cultural Anthroplogy
Sensitive Development Period
Schizophrenia
Mores
22. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.
Negative Sanctions
Ascribed Status
Values
Prosocial Behavior
23. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
Latent Learning
Status
Subcultures
Habituation
24. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.
Negative Reinforcement
Multicultural diversity
Archaeology
Jean Piaget
25. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.
Social Stratification
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Positive Sanctions
Jean Piaget
26. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.
B.F. Skinner
Cognitive Theory
Social Cognition
Ivan Pavlov
27. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.
Mores
Socialization
Biases
Subcultures
28. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.
Cultural Relativity
Cultural Anthroplogy
Secondary Groups
Group
29. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.
Prosocial Behavior
Cultural Relativity
Negative Sanctions
Institutions
30. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.
Ideals
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
Schizophrenia
31. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.
Latent Learning
Biases
Networks
Prejudice
32. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.
Pluralistic Ignorance
Identity Formation
Sensitive Development Period
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
33. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.
Ethnocentrism
Physical Anthroplogy
Ascribed Status
Behavioral Psychology
34. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide
Deviance
Subcultures
Sigmund Freud
Sterotypes
35. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.
Cognitive Theory
Cultural Diffusion
Transference
Correlational Research
36. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.
Sigmund Freud
Culture Clash
Folkways
Carl Jung
37. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations
Classical Conditioning
Major Depressive Disorder
Pluralistic Ignorance
Norms
38. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.
Sensitive Development Period
Culture Clash
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Cultural Anthroplogy
39. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
Cultural Relativity
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Carl Jung
Laws
40. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.
Identity crisis
Reactionary Groups
Group
Institutions
41. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.
Biases
Jean Piaget
Conformity
Habituation
42. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.
Social Solidarity
Reactionary Groups
Split Brain
Norms
43. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Cultural Diffusion
Conformity
Pluralism
Prejudice
44. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms
Pluralism
Utopias
Perception
Deviance
45. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.
Ideals
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Punishment
Mores
46. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.
Sensitive Development Period
Punishment
Behavioral Psychology
Deindividualism
47. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.
Negative Reinforcement
Enculturation
Correlational Research
Deindividualism
48. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.
Laws
Antropology
Prejudice
Social Cognition
49. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.
Abnormal Psychology
Ivan Pavlov
Conformity
Utopias
50. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself
Ascribed Status
Ideals
Identity Formation
Antropology
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