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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






2. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






3. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






4. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






5. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






6. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






7. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






8. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






9. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






10. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






11. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






12. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






13. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






14. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






15. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






16. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






17. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






18. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






19. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






20. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






21. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






22. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






23. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






24. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






25. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






26. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






27. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






28. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






29. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






30. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






31. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






32. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






33. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






34. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






35. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






36. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






37. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






38. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






39. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






40. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






41. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






42. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






43. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






44. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






45. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






46. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






47. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






48. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






49. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






50. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.