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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






2. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






3. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






4. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






5. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






6. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






7. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






8. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






9. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






10. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






11. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






12. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






13. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






14. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






15. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






16. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






17. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






18. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






19. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






20. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






21. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






22. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






23. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






24. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






25. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






26. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






27. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






28. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






29. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






30. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






31. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






32. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






33. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






34. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






35. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






36. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






37. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






38. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






39. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






40. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






41. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






42. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






43. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






44. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






45. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






46. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






47. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






48. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






49. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






50. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.