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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






2. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






3. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






4. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






5. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






6. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






7. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






8. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






9. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






10. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






11. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






12. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






13. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






14. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






15. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






16. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






17. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






18. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






19. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






20. Becoming aware of something via the senses






21. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






22. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






23. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






24. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






25. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






26. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






27. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






28. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






29. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






30. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






31. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






32. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






33. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






34. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






35. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






36. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






37. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






38. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






39. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






40. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






41. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






42. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






43. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






44. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






45. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






46. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






47. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






48. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






49. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






50. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.