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Test your basic knowledge |
Anthropology Basics - Praxis II
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Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.
Prejudice
Erik Erickson
Classical Conditioning
Norms
2. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems
Deindividualism
Erik Erickson
Secondary Groups
Prosocial Behavior
3. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).
Classical Conditioning
Transference
Folkways
Punishment
4. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.
Social Stratification
Cultural Anthroplogy
Sterotypes
Sigmund Freud
5. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.
Negative Reinforcement
Sensitive Development Period
Schizophrenia
Conflict
6. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.
Identity Formation
Positive Sanctions
Correlational Research
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
7. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.
Correlational Research
Dominant Cultures
Negative Sanctions
Role
8. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.
Values
Habituation
Sensitive Development Period
Social Solidarity
9. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.
Networks
Subcultures
Cultural Anthroplogy
Institutions
10. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige
Status
Jean Piaget
Social Stratification
Norms
11. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.
Punishment
Prejudice
Folkways
Identity Formation
12. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
Biases
Carl Jung
Beliefs
Correlational Research
13. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.
Group
Physical Anthroplogy
Ivan Pavlov
Ideals
14. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.
Prosocial Behavior
Major Depressive Disorder
Folkways
Subcultures
15. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.
Deviance
Socialization
Ivan Pavlov
Social Stratification
16. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.
Erik Erickson
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Biases
Sterotypes
17. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.
Ideals
Cultural Anthroplogy
Group Norms
Dominant Cultures
18. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.
Primary Groups
Cultural Relativity
Habituation
Social Cognition
19. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.
Ethnocentrism
Antropology
Conformity
Networks
20. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.
Group Norms
Norms
Social mobility
Punishment
21. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.
Correlational Research
Social Stratification
Culture Clash
Social Solidarity
22. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.
Ascribed Status
Classical Conditioning
Sigmund Freud
Negative Sanctions
23. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.
Folkways
Networks
Identity Formation
Physical Anthroplogy
24. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.
Latent Learning
Biases
Subcultures
Ethnocentrism
25. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.
Cultural Anthroplogy
Cultural Relativity
Erik Erickson
Classical Conditioning
26. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.
Socialization
Institutions
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Deviance
27. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.
Ethnocentrism
Positive Sanctions
Utopias
Serial-Position Effect
28. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.
Conflict
Ideals
Archaeology
Habituation
29. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en
Enculturation
Cultural Relativity
Serial-Position Effect
Mores
30. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.
Correlational Research
Ideals
Role
Physical Anthroplogy
31. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.
Antropology
Identity crisis
Folkways
Ideals
32. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.
Habituation
Socialization
Social mobility
Negative Sanctions
33. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.
Correlational Research
Sterotypes
Socialization
Subcultures
34. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat
Multicultural diversity
Identity crisis
Behavioral Psychology
Major Depressive Disorder
35. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations
Norms
Social mobility
Pluralism
Multicultural diversity
36. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.
Laws
Networks
Identity crisis
Norms
37. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Norms
Perception
Conformity
Group Norms
38. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.
Folkways
Values
Antropology
Dissociative Identity Disorder
39. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide
Serial-Position Effect
Sigmund Freud
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Correlational Research
40. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems
Secondary Groups
Conflict
Social Solidarity
Enculturation
41. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.
Sterotypes
Deviance
Prosocial Behavior
Primary Groups
42. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
Latent Learning
Pluralism
Cultural Relativity
Ethnocentrism
43. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.
Physical Anthroplogy
Biases
Deviance
Status
44. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Conformity
Ascribed Status
Primary Groups
Mores
45. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).
Cognitive Theory
Prejudice
Ideals
Values
46. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.
Negative Reinforcement
Schizophrenia
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Prejudice
47. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.
Antropology
Erik Erickson
Status
Mores
48. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself
Social Solidarity
Social mobility
Identity Formation
Split Brain
49. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en
Reactionary Groups
Conformity
Serial-Position Effect
Beliefs
50. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.
Sterotypes
Primary Groups
Ascribed Status
Laws