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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






2. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






3. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






4. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






5. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






6. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






7. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






8. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






9. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






10. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






11. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






12. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






13. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






14. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






15. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






16. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






17. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






18. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






19. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






20. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






21. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






22. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






23. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






24. Becoming aware of something via the senses






25. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






26. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






27. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






28. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






29. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






30. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






31. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






32. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






33. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






34. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






35. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






36. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






37. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






38. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






39. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






40. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






41. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






42. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






43. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






44. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






45. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






46. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






47. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






48. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






49. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






50. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms