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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






2. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






3. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






4. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






5. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






6. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






7. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






8. Becoming aware of something via the senses






9. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






10. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






11. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






12. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






13. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






14. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






15. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






16. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






17. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






18. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






19. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






20. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






21. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






22. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






23. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






24. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






25. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






26. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






27. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






28. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






29. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






30. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






31. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






32. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






33. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






34. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






35. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






36. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






37. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






38. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






39. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






40. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






41. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






42. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






43. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






44. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






45. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






46. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






47. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






48. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






49. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






50. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).