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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






2. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






3. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






4. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






5. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






6. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






7. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






8. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






9. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






10. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






11. Becoming aware of something via the senses






12. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






13. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






14. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






15. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






16. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






17. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






18. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






19. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






20. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






21. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






22. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






23. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






24. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






25. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






26. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






27. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






28. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






29. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






30. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






31. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






32. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






33. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






34. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






35. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






36. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






37. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






38. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






39. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






40. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






41. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






42. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






43. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






44. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






45. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






46. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






47. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






48. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






49. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






50. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.