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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






2. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






3. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






4. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






5. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






6. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






7. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






8. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






9. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






10. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






11. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






12. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






13. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






14. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






15. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






16. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






17. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






18. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






19. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






20. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






21. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






22. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






23. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






24. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






25. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






26. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






27. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






28. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






29. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






30. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






31. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






32. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






33. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






34. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






35. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






36. Becoming aware of something via the senses






37. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






38. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






39. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






40. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






41. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






42. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






43. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






44. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






45. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






46. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






47. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






48. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






49. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






50. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.