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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






2. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






3. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






4. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






5. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






6. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






7. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






8. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






9. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






10. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






11. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






12. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






13. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






14. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






15. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






16. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






17. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






18. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






19. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






20. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






21. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






22. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






23. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






24. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






25. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






26. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






27. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






28. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






29. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






30. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






31. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






32. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






33. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






34. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






35. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






36. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






37. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






38. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






39. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






40. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






41. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






42. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






43. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






44. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






45. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






46. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






47. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






48. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






49. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






50. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.