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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






2. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






3. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






4. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






5. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






6. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






7. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






8. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






9. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






10. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






11. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






12. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






13. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






14. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






15. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






16. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






17. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






18. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






19. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






20. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






21. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






22. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






23. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






24. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






25. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






26. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






27. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






28. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






29. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






30. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






31. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






32. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






33. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






34. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






35. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






36. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






37. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






38. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






39. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






40. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






41. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






42. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






43. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






44. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






45. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






46. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






47. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






48. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






49. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






50. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.