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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






2. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






3. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






4. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






5. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






6. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






7. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






8. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






9. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






10. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






11. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






12. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






13. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






14. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






15. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






16. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






17. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






18. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






19. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






20. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






21. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






22. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






23. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






24. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






25. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






26. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






27. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






28. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






29. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






30. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






31. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






32. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






33. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






34. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






35. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






36. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






37. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






38. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






39. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






40. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






41. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






42. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






43. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






44. Becoming aware of something via the senses






45. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






46. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






47. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






48. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






49. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






50. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms