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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






2. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






3. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






4. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






5. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






6. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






7. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






8. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






9. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






10. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






11. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






12. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






13. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






14. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






15. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






16. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






17. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






18. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






19. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






20. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






21. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






22. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






23. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






24. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






25. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






26. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






27. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






28. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






29. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






30. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






31. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






32. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






33. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






34. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






35. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






36. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






37. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






38. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






39. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






40. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






41. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






42. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






43. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






44. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






45. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






46. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






47. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






48. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






49. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






50. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.