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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






2. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






3. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






4. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






5. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






6. Becoming aware of something via the senses






7. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






8. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






9. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






10. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






11. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






12. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






13. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






14. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






15. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






16. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






17. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






18. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






19. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






20. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






21. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






22. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






23. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






24. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






25. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






26. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






27. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






28. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






29. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






30. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






31. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






32. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






33. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






34. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






35. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






36. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






37. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






38. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






39. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






40. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






41. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






42. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






43. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






44. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






45. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






46. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






47. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






48. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






49. Becoming aware of something via the senses






50. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide