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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






2. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






3. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






4. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






5. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






6. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






7. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






8. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






9. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






10. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






11. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






12. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






13. Becoming aware of something via the senses






14. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






15. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






16. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






17. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






18. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






19. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






20. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






21. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






22. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






23. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






24. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






25. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






26. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






27. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






28. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






29. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






30. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






31. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






32. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






33. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






34. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






35. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






36. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






37. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






38. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






39. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






40. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






41. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






42. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






43. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






44. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






45. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






46. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






47. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






48. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






49. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






50. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself







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