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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






2. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






3. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






4. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






5. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






6. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






7. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






8. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






9. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






10. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






11. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






12. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






13. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






14. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






15. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






16. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






17. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






18. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






19. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






20. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






21. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






22. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






23. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






24. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






25. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






26. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






27. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






28. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






29. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






30. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






31. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






32. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






33. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






34. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






35. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






36. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






37. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






38. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






39. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






40. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






41. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






42. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






43. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






44. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






45. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






46. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






47. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






48. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






49. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






50. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.