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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






2. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






3. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






4. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






5. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






6. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






7. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






8. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






9. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






10. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






11. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






12. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






13. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






14. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






15. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






16. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






17. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






18. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






19. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






20. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






21. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






22. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






23. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






24. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






25. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






26. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






27. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






28. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






29. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






30. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






31. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






32. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






33. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






34. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






35. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






36. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






37. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






38. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






39. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






40. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






41. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






42. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






43. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






44. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






45. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






46. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






47. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






48. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






49. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






50. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).