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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






2. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






3. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






4. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






5. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






6. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






7. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






8. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






9. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






10. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






11. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






12. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






13. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






14. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






15. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






16. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






17. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






18. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






19. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






20. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






21. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






22. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






23. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






24. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






25. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






26. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






27. Becoming aware of something via the senses






28. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






29. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






30. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






31. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






32. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






33. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






34. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






35. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






36. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






37. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






38. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






39. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






40. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






41. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






42. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






43. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






44. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






45. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






46. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






47. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






48. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






49. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






50. Becoming aware of something via the senses