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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






2. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






3. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






4. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






5. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






6. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






7. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






8. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






9. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






10. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






11. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






12. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






13. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






14. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






15. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






16. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






17. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






18. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






19. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






20. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






21. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






22. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






23. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






24. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






25. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






26. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






27. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






28. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






29. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






30. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






31. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






32. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






33. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






34. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






35. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






36. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






37. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






38. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






39. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






40. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






41. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






42. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






43. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






44. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






45. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






46. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






47. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






48. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






49. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






50. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior







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