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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






2. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






3. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






4. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






5. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






6. Becoming aware of something via the senses






7. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






8. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






9. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






10. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






11. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






12. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






13. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






14. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






15. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






16. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






17. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






18. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






19. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






20. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






21. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






22. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






23. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






24. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






25. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






26. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






27. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






28. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






29. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






30. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






31. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






32. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






33. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






34. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






35. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






36. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






37. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






38. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






39. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






40. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






41. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






42. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






43. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






44. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






45. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






46. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






47. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






48. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






49. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






50. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.







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