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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






2. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






3. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






4. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






5. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






6. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






7. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






8. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






9. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






10. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






11. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






12. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






13. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






14. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






15. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






16. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






17. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






18. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






19. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






20. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






21. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






22. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






23. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






24. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






25. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






26. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






27. Becoming aware of something via the senses






28. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






29. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






30. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






31. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






32. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






33. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






34. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






35. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






36. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






37. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






38. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






39. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






40. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






41. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






42. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






43. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






44. Becoming aware of something via the senses






45. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






46. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






47. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






48. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






49. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






50. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.