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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






2. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






3. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






4. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






5. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






6. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






7. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






8. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






9. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






10. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






11. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






12. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






13. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






14. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






15. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






16. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






17. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






18. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






19. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






20. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






21. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






22. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






23. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






24. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






25. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






26. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






27. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






28. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






29. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






30. Becoming aware of something via the senses






31. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






32. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






33. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






34. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






35. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






36. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






37. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






38. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






39. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






40. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






41. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






42. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






43. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






44. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






45. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






46. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






47. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






48. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






49. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






50. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.