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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






2. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






3. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






4. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






5. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






6. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






7. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






8. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






9. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






10. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






11. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






12. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






13. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






14. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






15. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






16. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






17. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






18. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






19. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






20. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






21. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






22. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






23. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






24. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






25. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






26. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






27. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






28. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






29. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






30. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






31. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






32. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






33. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






34. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






35. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






36. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






37. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






38. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






39. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






40. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






41. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






42. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






43. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






44. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






45. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






46. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






47. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






48. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






49. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






50. Becoming aware of something via the senses