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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






2. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






3. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






4. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






5. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






6. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






7. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






8. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






9. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






10. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






11. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






12. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






13. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






14. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






15. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






16. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






17. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






18. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






19. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






20. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






21. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






22. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






23. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






24. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






25. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






26. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






27. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






28. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






29. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






30. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






31. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






32. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






33. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






34. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






35. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






36. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






37. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






38. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






39. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






40. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






41. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






42. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






43. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






44. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






45. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






46. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






47. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






48. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






49. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






50. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.