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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






2. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






3. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






4. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






5. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






6. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






7. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






8. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






9. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






10. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






11. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






12. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






13. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






14. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






15. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






16. Becoming aware of something via the senses






17. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






18. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






19. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






20. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






21. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






22. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






23. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






24. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






25. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






26. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






27. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






28. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






29. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






30. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






31. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






32. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






33. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






34. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






35. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






36. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






37. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






38. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






39. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






40. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






41. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






42. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






43. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






44. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






45. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






46. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






47. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






48. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






49. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






50. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.