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Test your basic knowledge |
Anthropology Basics - Praxis II
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Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.
Serial-Position Effect
Norms
Pluralism
Conformity
2. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.
Behavioral Psychology
Cultural Anthroplogy
Perception
Ideals
3. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.
Carl Jung
Split Brain
Archaeology
Prosocial Behavior
4. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.
Antropology
Dominant Cultures
Major Depressive Disorder
Carl Jung
5. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.
Prejudice
Correlational Research
Conformity
Negative Reinforcement
6. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit
Secondary Groups
Pluralism
Group
Social Stratification
7. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone
Deindividualism
Positive Sanctions
Negative Reinforcement
Conformity
8. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw
Latent Learning
Role
Group Norms
Serial-Position Effect
9. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.
Correlational Research
Humanistic Psychology
Group
Folkways
10. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations
Primary Groups
Networks
Erik Erickson
Norms
11. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.
Identity crisis
Negative Sanctions
Negative Reinforcement
Reactionary Groups
12. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).
Values
Humanistic Psychology
Socialization
Pluralistic Ignorance
13. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.
Utopias
Ideals
Group Norms
Multicultural diversity
14. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.
Networks
Classical Conditioning
Laws
Status
15. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations
Norms
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Classical Conditioning
B.F. Skinner
16. Becoming aware of something via the senses
Role
Utopias
Perception
Group Norms
17. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.
Prosocial Behavior
Culture Clash
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Identity crisis
18. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.
Positive Sanctions
Enculturation
Socialization
Networks
19. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.
Cultural Diffusion
Laws
Humanistic Psychology
Ascribed Status
20. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior
Prosocial Behavior
Perception
Social Stratification
Deindividualism
21. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.
Habituation
Prosocial Behavior
Cultural Relativity
Conflict
22. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.
Cultural Anthroplogy
Role
Mores
Deindividualism
23. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.
Pluralistic Ignorance
Negative Sanctions
Social mobility
Archaeology
24. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat
Major Depressive Disorder
Utopias
Punishment
Dissociative Identity Disorder
25. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.
Positive Sanctions
Deviance
Sterotypes
Paranoid Personality Disorder
26. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.
Classical Conditioning
Dominant Cultures
Subcultures
Cultural Diffusion
27. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.
Prosocial Behavior
Cultural Relativity
Cultural Anthroplogy
Beliefs
28. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others
Ascribed Status
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Erik Erickson
Physical Anthroplogy
29. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)
Prejudice
Abnormal Psychology
Institutions
Erik Erickson
30. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.
Dominant Cultures
Behavioral Psychology
Culture Clash
Humanistic Psychology
31. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.
Sterotypes
Ascribed Status
Prejudice
Dominant Cultures
32. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)
Social Stratification
Serial-Position Effect
Erik Erickson
B.F. Skinner
33. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems
Carl Jung
Socialization
Secondary Groups
Status
34. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone
Secondary Groups
Deindividualism
Enculturation
Pluralistic Ignorance
35. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige
Beliefs
Values
Status
Deindividualism
36. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.
Cultural Anthroplogy
Negative Reinforcement
Cultural Relativity
Erik Erickson
37. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.
Subcultures
Ideals
Folkways
Split Brain
38. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Sigmund Freud
Group Norms
Primary Groups
39. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth
Cultural Anthroplogy
B.F. Skinner
Cognitive Theory
Humanistic Psychology
40. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en
Schizophrenia
Serial-Position Effect
Correlational Research
Primary Groups
41. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.
Abnormal Psychology
Habituation
Positive Sanctions
Positive Sanctions
42. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.
Mores
Conflict
Ivan Pavlov
Carl Jung
43. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.
Role
Dominant Cultures
Pluralism
Pluralistic Ignorance
44. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide
Antropology
Enculturation
Culture Clash
Sigmund Freud
45. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.
Social mobility
Reactionary Groups
Institutions
Negative Sanctions
46. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.
Norms
Networks
Sensitive Development Period
Negative Reinforcement
47. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.
Deviance
Classical Conditioning
Reactionary Groups
Abnormal Psychology
48. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.
Negative Sanctions
Prejudice
Enculturation
Schizophrenia
49. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.
Jean Piaget
Subcultures
Folkways
Social mobility
50. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.
Laws
Culture Clash
Ideals
Institutions