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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






2. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






3. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






4. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






5. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






6. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






7. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






8. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






9. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






10. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






11. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






12. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






13. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






14. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






15. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






16. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






17. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






18. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






19. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






20. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






21. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






22. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






23. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






24. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






25. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






26. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






27. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






28. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






29. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






30. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






31. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






32. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






33. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






34. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






35. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






36. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






37. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






38. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






39. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






40. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






41. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






42. Becoming aware of something via the senses






43. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






44. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






45. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






46. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






47. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






48. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






49. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






50. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).