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Test your basic knowledge |
Anthropology Basics - Praxis II
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Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Specific ideas that people hold to be true
Beliefs
Ideals
Identity crisis
Physical Anthroplogy
2. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.
Institutions
Split Brain
Transference
Reactionary Groups
3. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.
Identity crisis
Primary Groups
Negative Reinforcement
Negative Sanctions
4. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.
Negative Reinforcement
Punishment
Habituation
Social Stratification
5. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.
Abnormal Psychology
Correlational Research
Social mobility
Prejudice
6. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.
Ivan Pavlov
Habituation
Networks
Primary Groups
7. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.
Habituation
Carl Jung
Sigmund Freud
Social Solidarity
8. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.
Archaeology
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Latent Learning
Negative Reinforcement
9. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.
Pluralism
Subcultures
Social Stratification
Abnormal Psychology
10. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.
Networks
Sensitive Development Period
Pluralistic Ignorance
Laws
11. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).
Jean Piaget
Conflict
Identity Formation
Split Brain
12. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en
Reactionary Groups
Role
Serial-Position Effect
Latent Learning
13. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.
Socialization
Group
Split Brain
Sterotypes
14. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.
Cultural Relativity
Ideals
Mores
Serial-Position Effect
15. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.
Correlational Research
Social mobility
Classical Conditioning
Paranoid Personality Disorder
16. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.
Punishment
Major Depressive Disorder
Enculturation
Ethnocentrism
17. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.
Split Brain
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Serial-Position Effect
Laws
18. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.
Pluralistic Ignorance
Negative Sanctions
Primary Groups
Pluralism
19. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige
Social Stratification
Behavioral Psychology
Cultural Diffusion
Folkways
20. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone
Social Cognition
Ivan Pavlov
Conflict
Deindividualism
21. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).
Transference
B.F. Skinner
Cultural Anthroplogy
Carl Jung
22. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat
Deviance
Deviance
Norms
Major Depressive Disorder
23. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.
Institutions
Ascribed Status
Enculturation
Correlational Research
24. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.
Jean Piaget
Social Stratification
Mores
Reactionary Groups
25. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.
Habituation
Group Norms
Perception
Ivan Pavlov
26. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.
Antropology
Negative Reinforcement
Group Norms
Identity crisis
27. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.
Classical Conditioning
Ascribed Status
Subcultures
Latent Learning
28. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life
Ascribed Status
Institutions
Role
Beliefs
29. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
Pluralistic Ignorance
Prosocial Behavior
Latent Learning
Social mobility
30. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)
Erik Erickson
Major Depressive Disorder
Ascribed Status
Multicultural diversity
31. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms
Antropology
Pluralistic Ignorance
Physical Anthroplogy
Jean Piaget
32. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.
Identity Formation
Group
Mores
Conflict
33. Specific ideas that people hold to be true
Beliefs
Mores
Norms
Pluralistic Ignorance
34. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit
Group
Social Stratification
Institutions
Latent Learning
35. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.
Pluralistic Ignorance
Enculturation
Punishment
Cognitive Theory
36. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.
Group
Cultural Diffusion
Major Depressive Disorder
Identity crisis
37. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.
Prejudice
Culture Clash
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Latent Learning
38. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.
Jean Piaget
Institutions
Laws
Networks
39. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.
Social Cognition
Sterotypes
Deindividualism
Mores
40. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.
Reactionary Groups
Ascribed Status
Ideals
Secondary Groups
41. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.
Social Stratification
Beliefs
Identity crisis
Antropology
42. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a
Physical Anthroplogy
Social mobility
B.F. Skinner
Archaeology
43. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
Carl Jung
Group Norms
Sigmund Freud
Conflict
44. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).
Conflict
Socialization
Secondary Groups
Dominant Cultures
45. Unique characteristics of ethics groups
Multicultural diversity
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Positive Sanctions
Major Depressive Disorder
46. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige
Status
Cultural Relativity
Behavioral Psychology
Classical Conditioning
47. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.
Cultural Relativity
Carl Jung
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Laws
48. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding
Negative Sanctions
Utopias
Latent Learning
Pluralistic Ignorance
49. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems
Culture Clash
Secondary Groups
Serial-Position Effect
Social Cognition
50. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth
Group
Positive Sanctions
Humanistic Psychology
Dissociative Identity Disorder