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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






2. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






3. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






4. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






5. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






6. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






7. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






8. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






9. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






10. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






11. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






12. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






13. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






14. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






15. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






16. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






17. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






18. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






19. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






20. Becoming aware of something via the senses






21. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






22. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






23. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






24. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






25. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






26. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






27. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






28. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






29. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






30. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






31. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






32. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






33. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






34. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






35. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






36. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






37. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






38. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






39. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






40. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






41. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






42. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






43. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






44. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






45. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






46. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






47. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






48. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






49. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






50. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.