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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






2. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






3. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






4. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






5. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






6. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






7. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






8. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






9. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






10. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






11. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






12. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






13. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






14. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






15. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






16. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






17. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






18. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






19. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






20. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






21. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






22. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






23. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






24. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






25. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






26. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






27. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






28. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






29. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






30. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






31. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






32. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






33. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






34. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






35. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






36. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






37. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






38. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






39. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






40. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






41. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






42. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






43. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






44. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






45. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






46. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






47. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






48. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






49. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






50. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.