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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






2. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






3. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






4. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






5. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






6. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






7. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






8. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






9. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






10. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






11. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






12. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






13. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






14. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






15. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






16. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






17. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






18. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






19. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






20. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






21. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






22. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






23. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






24. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






25. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






26. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






27. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






28. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






29. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






30. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






31. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






32. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






33. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






34. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






35. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






36. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






37. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






38. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






39. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






40. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






41. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






42. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






43. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






44. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






45. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






46. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






47. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






48. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






49. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






50. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.