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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






2. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






3. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






4. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






5. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






6. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






7. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






8. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






9. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






10. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






11. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






12. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






13. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






14. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






15. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






16. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






17. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






18. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






19. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






20. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






21. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






22. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






23. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






24. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






25. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






26. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






27. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






28. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






29. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






30. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






31. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






32. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






33. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






34. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






35. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






36. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






37. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






38. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






39. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






40. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






41. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






42. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






43. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






44. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






45. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






46. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






47. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






48. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






49. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






50. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.







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