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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






2. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






3. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






4. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






5. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






6. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






7. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






8. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






9. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






10. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






11. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






12. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






13. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






14. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






15. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






16. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






17. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






18. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






19. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






20. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






21. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






22. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






23. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






24. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






25. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






26. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






27. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






28. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






29. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






30. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






31. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






32. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






33. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






34. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






35. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






36. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






37. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






38. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






39. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






40. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






41. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






42. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






43. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






44. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






45. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






46. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






47. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






48. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






49. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






50. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.