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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






2. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






3. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






4. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






5. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






6. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






7. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






8. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






9. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






10. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






11. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






12. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






13. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






14. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






15. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






16. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






17. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






18. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






19. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






20. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






21. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






22. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






23. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






24. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






25. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






26. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






27. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






28. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






29. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






30. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






31. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






32. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






33. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






34. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






35. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






36. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






37. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






38. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






39. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






40. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






41. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






42. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






43. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






44. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






45. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






46. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






47. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






48. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






49. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






50. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.