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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






2. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






3. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






4. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






5. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






6. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






7. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






8. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






9. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






10. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






11. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






12. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






13. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






14. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






15. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






16. Mental processes associated with people's perceptions of - and reactions to - other people.






17. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






18. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






19. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






20. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






21. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






22. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






23. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






24. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






25. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






26. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






27. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






28. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






29. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






30. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






31. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






32. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






33. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






34. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






35. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






36. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






37. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






38. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






39. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






40. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






41. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






42. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






43. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






44. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






45. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






46. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






47. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






48. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






49. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






50. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.