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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






2. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






3. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






4. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






5. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






6. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.






7. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






8. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






9. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






10. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






11. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






12. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






13. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






14. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






15. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






16. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






17. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






18. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






19. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






20. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






21. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






22. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






23. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






24. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






25. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






26. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






27. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






28. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






29. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






30. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






31. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






32. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






33. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






34. Becoming aware of something via the senses






35. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






36. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






37. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






38. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






39. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






40. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






41. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






42. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






43. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






44. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






45. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






46. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






47. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






48. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






49. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






50. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.