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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






2. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






3. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






4. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






5. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






6. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






7. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






8. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






9. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






10. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






11. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






12. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






13. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






14. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






15. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






16. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






17. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






18. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






19. Scientific study of humankind in all its aspects - especially human evolution - development - and culture - Studying the orgins and development of people and their society.






20. Enforceable rules of conduct in a society.






21. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






22. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






23. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






24. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






25. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






26. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






27. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






28. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






29. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






30. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






31. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






32. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






33. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






34. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






35. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






36. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






37. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






38. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






39. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






40. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






41. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






42. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






43. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






44. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






45. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






46. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






47. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






48. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






49. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






50. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).