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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






2. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






3. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






4. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






5. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






6. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






7. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






8. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






9. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






10. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






11. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






12. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






13. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






14. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






15. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






16. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






17. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






18. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






19. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






20. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






21. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






22. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






23. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






24. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






25. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






26. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






27. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






28. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






29. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






30. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






31. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






32. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






33. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






34. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






35. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






36. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






37. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






38. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






39. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






40. Study of artifacts and relics of early mankind - the study of the remains of past cultures.






41. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






42. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






43. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






44. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






45. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning.






46. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






47. A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them. Research states that the left hemisphere is responsible for spoken language.






48. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






49. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






50. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.