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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






2. Becoming aware of something via the senses






3. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






4. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






5. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






6. Distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society.






7. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






8. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






9. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






10. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






11. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






12. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






13. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






14. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






15. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






16. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






17. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






18. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






19. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






20. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






21. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






22. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






23. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






24. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






25. An inclination for or against a person - place - idea or thing that inhibits impartial judgment. - a prejudice towards one particular point of view or ideology.






26. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






27. The spread of ideas - customs - and technologies from one people to another.






28. The field of psychology concerned with the assessment - treatment - and prevention of maladaptive behavior.






29. A branch of psychology that focuses on observable actions - particularly stimulus-response methods.






30. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






31. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






32. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






33. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






34. A mood disorder in which a person - for no apparent reason - experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods - feelings of worthlessness - and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities (Most common psychologoical disorder in the United Stat






35. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






36. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






37. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






38. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






39. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






40. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






41. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






42. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






43. The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.






44. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






45. A state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals).






46. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






47. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






48. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






49. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






50. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit







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