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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






2. Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic - personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego - reality and pleasure principles - ego ide






3. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






4. The actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.






5. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






6. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






7. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






8. A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling - or how they are responding






9. The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements.






10. Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others






11. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






12. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






13. The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth - prestige - education and power.






14. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






15. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






16. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






17. The state of having shared beliefs and values among members of a social group - along with intense and frequent interaction among group members.






18. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






19. A state or condition markedly different from the norm - behavior that departs from societal or group norms






20. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






21. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






22. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






23. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






24. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






25. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






26. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






27. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






28. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






29. Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups - belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.






30. Specific ideas that people hold to be true






31. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






32. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






33. The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior - thereby shaping politics - organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.






34. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






35. Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members - shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations






36. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






37. Any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact.






38. Social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life






39. Is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true - by the very terms of the prophecy itself - due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.






40. Refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state (the status quo ante) in a society. The term is meant to stand in opposition to and as one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is 'radicalism'.






41. Reformers founded these ideal communities to realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from competition - communities designed to create perfect societies.






42. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






43. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






44. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






45. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






46. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






47. An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.






48. Values - customs - and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.






49. Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture - norms for routine or casual interaction.






50. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone