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Anthropology Basics - Praxis II

Subject : humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






2. It is the branch of anthropology that examines culture as a meaningful scientific concept.






3. Critical Period in development is a period of time which an organism typically needs to be exposed to a particular stimulus in order for proper development to occur.






4. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






5. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






6. Groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values - norms - language - and/or material culture.






7. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






8. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit






9. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.






10. The process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society.






11. Social disapproval for violating a norm - a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms.






12. A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned - neutral stimulus.






13. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






14. A generalization -oversimplified view or opinion that members of a group rigidly apply to a thing -an idea -or another group.






15. Is experienced when an individual experiences conflict between the beliefs - values and expectations of their primary culture and a new culture in which they must function.






16. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






17. Acting according to certain accepted standards - adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.






18. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something) - a principle or a way of behaving that is of a very high standard.






19. Are rules that are designed to govern the behavior of the members. Are intended to integrate the actions of the group members. Are to reflect the appropriate behavior - attitudes - and perceptions of the the members. 'Conformity and compliance are tw






20. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






21. A term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus - refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall) - people tend to begin recall with the en






22. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






23. Social groups - such as family or friends - composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved - groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection.






24. The process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another (psychoanalysis).






25. Abandoning normal restraints to the power of the group - doing together what we would not do alone






26. The lifelong process by which people learn their culture and develop a sense of self.






27. A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation - an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts.






28. Positive - constructive - helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior






29. A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.






30. 1896-1980; Swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations






31. The recognition that all cultures develop their own ways of dealing with the specific demands of their environments - the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.






32. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a






33. Systematic study of humans and biological organisms






34. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






35. Erikson; stage of adolescence where teens are to develop a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on other to dependence on oneself






36. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






37. Becoming aware of something via the senses






38. Developmental Psychology: Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages)






39. Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth






40. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).






41. Psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them and solve-problems.






42. One of two components - together with agricultural surplus - which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth - power - production - and prestige






43. A person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing - especially in society; prestige






44. A research strategy that identifies the relationships between two or more variables in order to describe how these variables change together. One advantage is that it helps psychologists make predictions.






45. Social approval for observing a norm - a reward or positive reaction for following norms - ranging from a smile to a prize.






46. A general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions - decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






47. Unique characteristics of ethics groups






48. A set of informal and formal social ties that links people to each other.






49. Groups marked by impersonal - instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end). - groups that meet principally to solve problems






50. Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. This technique is used to increase the frequency of behavior.