Test your basic knowledge |

AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






2. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






3. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






4. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






5. Differences between members of the same species.






6. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






7. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






8. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






9. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






10. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






11. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






12. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






13. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






14. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






15. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






16. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






17. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






18. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






19. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






20. A gene located on a sex chromosome.






21. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






22. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






23. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.






24. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






25. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






26. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






27. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.






28. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






29. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






30. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






31. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






32. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






33. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






34. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






35. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






36. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






37. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






38. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






39. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






40. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






41. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






42. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






43. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






44. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






45. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






46. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






47. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






48. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






49. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






50. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.