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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion
passive transport
endoplasmic reticulum
cyclic electron flow
carboxyl group
2. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
cell cycle control system
lysosomes
food vacuoles
mitochondria
3. Anything takes up space and has mass
matter
endocytosis
mismatch repair
chromosome theory of inheritance
4. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.
oxidation
lagging strand
active transport
cytosol
5. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
interphase
hydrocarbons
carboxyl group
hypertonic
6. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
growth factor
centrosome
kinetochore
condensation reaction
7. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.
hypotonic
genome
proton motive force
hypertonic
8. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.
microfilaments
tetrad
cytoskeleton
monomer
9. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.
structural isomers
desmosome
alternation of generations
cytokenisis
10. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
denaturation
centrosome
purines
codons
11. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells
chemical bonds
punnett square
G2 phase
cytoplasm
12. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body
haploid cells
mitochondria
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
smooth ER
13. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.
incomplete dominance
cell wall
protein
true breeding
14. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
chlorophyll
homozygous
carboxyl group
flagella
15. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins
incomplete dominance
photon
amino acid
G0 phase
16. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment
faculative anaerobes
plasmolysis
receptor mediated endocytosis
substrate
17. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.
monomer
chloroplasts
amniocentesis
C4 plants
18. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis
matter
mitotoic phase
ribosomal RNA
variation
19. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
covalent bonds
ATP synthase
cholesterol
spliceosome
20. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.
codominance
nuclease
chlorophyll A
nucleolus
21. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis
duplication
mitotic spindle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
pinocytosis
22. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.
denaturation
anticodon
monomer
pH
23. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.
sickle cell anemia
viral envelope
ATP
acid precipitation
24. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.
ligands
origins replication
density dependent inhibitor
beta (B) pleated sheet
25. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.
ATP synthase
redox reactions
G2 phase
isomers
26. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help
concentration gradient
mitochondria
Integral proteins
chloroplasts
27. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.
hypotonic
fertilization
bound ribosomes
solution
28. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
electronegativity
peptide bond
chloroplasts
covalent bonds
29. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges
voltage
base
isotonic
RNA processing
30. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.
chromatin
genotype
trisomic
golgi apparatus
31. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
introns
acid
gated channels
thermodynamics
32. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
condensation reaction
beta oxidation
membrane potential
gametes
33. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
noncompetitive inhibitor
osmoregulation
wild type
organelles
34. A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three - resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.
ketone
nuclear lamina
frameshift mutation
leading strand
35. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.
true breeding
lactid acid fermentation
sickle cell anemia
DNA ligase
36. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration
recessive allele
photosystem I
phagocytosis
glycolysis
37. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.
electrogenic pump
allosteric site
krebs Cycle
passive transport
38. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl
Oxidative Phosphorylation
proton pump
nucleus
enantiomers
39. Differences between members of the same species.
variation
cytokenisis
S phase
lysosomes
40. A characteristic
bacteriophage
trait
chromosomes
F2 generation
41. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell
tumor
aldehyde
golgi apparatus
unsaturated fatty acid
42. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
oxidation
NADP+
photophosphorylation
fatty acid
43. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids
translation
F2 generation
diploid cells
deletion
44. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen
meiosis
trace elements
cyclic electron flow
acid
45. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
chiasmata
phospholipids
DNA ligase
cytoskeleton
46. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.
genome
specific heat
concentration gradient
monosaccharides
47. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact
prophase
deletion
anaphase
photophosphorylation
48. Having an affinity to water
hydrophilic
C3 plants
trans face
chlorophyll A
49. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.
photorespiration
glycogen
entropy
cell cycle control system
50. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.
thylakoids
collagen
incomplete dominance
smooth ER