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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






2. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






3. Anything takes up space and has mass






4. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






5. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






6. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






7. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






8. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






9. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






10. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






11. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






12. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






13. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






14. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






15. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






16. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment






17. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






18. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






19. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






20. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






21. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






22. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






23. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.






24. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






25. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






26. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






27. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






28. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






29. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






30. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






31. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






32. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






33. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






34. A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three - resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.






35. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






36. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






37. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.






38. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






39. Differences between members of the same species.






40. A characteristic






41. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






42. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






43. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






44. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






45. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






46. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






47. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






48. Having an affinity to water






49. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






50. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.