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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






2. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






3. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






4. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






5. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






6. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






7. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






8. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






9. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






10. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






11. Differences between members of the same species.






12. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






13. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






14. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






15. A negatively charged ion






16. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






17. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






18. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






19. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






20. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






21. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






22. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






23. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






24. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






25. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






26. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






27. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






28. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






29. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






30. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






31. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Cytosine (C) - thymine (T) - and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.






32. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






33. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






34. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






35. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






36. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






37. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






38. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






39. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






40. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






41. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






42. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






43. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






44. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






45. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






46. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






47. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






48. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






49. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






50. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.