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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






2. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






3. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.






4. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






5. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






6. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.






7. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






8. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






9. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






10. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






11. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






12. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






13. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






14. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






15. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






16. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






17. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






18. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






19. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






20. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






21. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.






22. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






23. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






24. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






25. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






26. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






27. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






28. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid






29. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






30. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






31. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






32. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






33. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






34. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






35. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.






36. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






37. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






38. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






39. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






40. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






41. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






42. A heritable feature.






43. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






44. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






45. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.






46. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






47. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






48. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






49. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






50. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.