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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.
aquaporins(water channel)
coenzyme
bundle sheath cell
lactid acid fermentation
2. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.
cell wall
cellular respiration
hydrophobic
osmoregulation
3. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
recessive allele
carbonyl groups
interphase
parental types
4. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs
active site
G1 phase
centrosomes
aqueous solution
5. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
bacteriophage
replication fork
sodium potassium pump
buffers
6. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate
amino group
sister chromatids
metaphase
polyploidy
7. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction
incomplete dominance
valence electrons
redox reactions
exocytosis
8. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.
aerobic
ribosomes
electrogenic pump
dominant allele
9. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.
hypotonic
bound ribosomes
sex chromosomes
RNA polymerase
10. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
noncyclic electron flow
fluid mosaic model
electromagnetic spectrum
11. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).
codominance
mismatch repair
smooth ER
carbohydrates
12. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane
sickle cell anemia
kinetochore
polyploidy
passive transport
13. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.
macromolecule
metaphase
amphipathic molecules
osmoregulation
14. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
malignant tumor
monomer
denaturation
golgi apparatus
15. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
cell cycle control system
oxidation
collagen
primary transcript
16. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.
true breeding
sodium potassium pump
cell division
hybridization
17. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane
electron transport chain
ATP
terminator
cellulose
18. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.
ribosomes
freeze-fracture
beta oxidation
food vacuoles
19. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap
cytoskeleton
tonoplast
visible light
meiosis
20. A substance that is dissolved in a solution
solute
helicase
entropy
Oxidative Phosphorylation
21. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.
absorption spectrum
cohesion
RNA polymerase
autotrophs
22. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.
cell wall
electrochemical gradient
contractile vacuoles
density dependent inhibitor
23. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.
G1 phase
mutagens
homozygous
centrosomes
24. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.
central vacuole
entropy
cristae (plural - cristae)
G2 phase
25. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle
peroxisomes
ribosomal RNA
actin
interphase
26. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.
enantiomers
tumor
diffusion
DNA ligase
27. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites
viral envelope
variation
trans face
replication fork
28. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.
domains
growth factor
nucleolus
pleiotropy
29. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for
photosystem I
active transport
desmosome
facilitated diffusion
30. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
trisomic
carboxyl group
neutron
nucleoid
31. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.
tetrad
sister chromatids
monosaccharides
cytosol
32. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.
viral envelope
steroids
solution
S phase
33. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.
lactid acid fermentation
hypertonic
tetrad
collagen
34. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).
sister chromatids
central vacuole
Integral proteins
RNA
35. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.
functional groups
cyclic photophosphorylation
heterotrophs
base pair substitution
36. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle
deletion
peptide bond
cell cycle control system
cilia
37. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.
nondisjunction
transformation
C3 plants
ultra centrifuges
38. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.
phenotype
fluid mosaic model
phospholipid
pH
39. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis
origins replication
ribosomes
mitotoic phase
NADP+
40. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis
grana
ribosomes
photosystem II
cyclin
41. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.
clone
transfer RNA
photon
promoter
42. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins
alcohol fermentation
chromosomes
aquaporins(water channel)
carotenoids
43. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole
recessive allele
heterozygous
reduction
golgi apparatus
44. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
chromosomes
cell fractionation
acid precipitation
allosteric site
45. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
cytosol
smooth ER
food vacuoles
stroma
46. A solution in which water is the solvent
acid
cellulose
aqueous solution
surface tension
47. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment
plasmolysis
transport proteins
diffusion
variation
48. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help
mitochondria
cyclic electron flow
beta oxidation
tonoplast
49. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.
mitotic spindle
fat
base pair substitution
duplication
50. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene
reducing agent
concentration gradient
terminator
ribosomes