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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A functional group important in energy transfer.






2. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






3. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






4. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






5. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






6. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






7. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






8. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






9. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






10. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






11. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






12. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






13. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






14. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






15. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






16. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






17. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






18. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






19. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass






20. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






21. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






22. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






23. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






24. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






25. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






26. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






27. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






28. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






29. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






30. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






31. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






32. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.






33. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






34. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






35. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.






36. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






37. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






38. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






39. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






40. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






41. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






42. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






43. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






44. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






45. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






46. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






47. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






48. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






49. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






50. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom