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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






2. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






3. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






4. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






5. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






6. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






7. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






8. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






9. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






10. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






11. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






12. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






13. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






14. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






15. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






16. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






17. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






18. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






19. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass






20. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






21. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






22. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom






23. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






24. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






25. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






26. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






27. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






28. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






29. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.






30. Reproduction of cells






31. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






32. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






33. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






34. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.






35. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the






36. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






37. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






38. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






39. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






40. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






41. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






42. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






43. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






44. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






45. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






46. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






47. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






48. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






49. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






50. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.







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