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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






2. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






3. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






4. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






5. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






6. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






7. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






8. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






9. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






10. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






11. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






12. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.






13. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






14. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole






15. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






16. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






17. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






18. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






19. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






20. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






21. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






22. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






23. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






24. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






25. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






26. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






27. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






28. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.






29. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






30. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






31. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






32. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






33. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.






34. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec






35. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






36. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.






37. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






38. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site






39. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






40. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






41. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






42. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






43. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






44. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






45. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






46. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






47. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






48. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






49. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






50. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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