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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






2. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






3. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






4. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






5. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






6. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






7. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.






8. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






9. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






10. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






11. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






12. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






13. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.






14. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.






15. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






16. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






17. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






18. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






19. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






20. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom






21. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






22. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






23. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






24. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






25. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






26. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






27. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






28. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






29. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






30. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






31. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






32. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






33. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






34. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.






35. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.






36. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






37. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






38. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






39. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






40. A solution in which water is the solvent






41. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






42. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






43. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.






44. Having an affinity to water






45. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






46. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






47. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






48. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






49. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






50. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).