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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






2. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






3. The genetic makeup of an organism






4. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






5. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






6. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






7. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






8. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






9. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






10. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






11. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






12. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






13. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






14. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






15. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






16. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






17. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid






18. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






19. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






20. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






21. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






22. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






23. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






24. A characteristic






25. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






26. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






27. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






28. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






29. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






30. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






31. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






32. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






33. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






34. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






35. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






36. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






37. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






38. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.






39. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






40. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






41. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






42. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






43. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






44. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






45. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






46. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






47. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






48. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






49. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






50. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






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