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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.






2. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






3. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






4. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






5. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






6. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






7. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






8. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






9. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






10. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






11. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






12. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






13. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






14. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






15. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






16. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






17. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






18. The reactant on which an enzyme works






19. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






20. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






21. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






22. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






23. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






24. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






25. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






26. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






27. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






28. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.






29. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.






30. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






31. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.






32. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






33. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






34. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






35. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






36. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






37. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






38. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






39. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






40. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






41. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






42. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






43. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






44. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






45. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the






46. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






47. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






48. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






49. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






50. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.