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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






2. A gene located on a sex chromosome.






3. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






4. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






5. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






6. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






7. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






8. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






9. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






10. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






11. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






12. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






13. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






14. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






15. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.






16. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






17. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






18. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






19. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






20. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






21. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






22. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






23. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






24. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






25. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






26. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






27. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






28. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






29. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






30. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






31. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






32. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






33. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






34. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






35. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






36. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






37. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






38. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






39. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






40. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






41. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






42. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






43. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






44. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






45. The reactant on which an enzyme works






46. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






47. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






48. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






49. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






50. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole