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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.
photosystem II
mismatch repair
RNA polymerase
G1 phase
2. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of
sulfhydryl group
cytosol
ribosomes
electron microscope
3. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
reducing agent
electron transport chain
buffers
codons
4. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.
wavelength
duchenne muscular dystropy
somatic cell
transcription
5. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for
tight junctions
endoplasmic reticulum
buffers
active transport
6. A gene located on a sex chromosome.
Cell-cell recognition
mitotoic phase
somatic cells
sex linked genes
7. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.
transcription
oxidation
missense mutations
endergonic reaction
8. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.
rough ER
flagella
starch
visible light
9. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.
extracellular matrix
domains
proton
somatic cell
10. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
sporophyte
somatic cells
nucleic acid
smooth ER
11. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.
polyploidy
voltage
phenotype
benign tumor
12. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.
exons
buffers
parental types
dominant allele
13. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate
macromolecule
deletion
metaphase
NaD+
14. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes
endoplasmic reticulum
mutagens
pinocytosis
reaction center
15. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.
mitotoic phase
kinetochore
chemical bonds
heterotrophs
16. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside
tight junctions
cholesterol
desmosome
membrane potential
17. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
heat
fatty acid
monomer
genetics
18. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.
pH
glycoproteins
heredity
amphipathic molecules
19. The genetic makeup of an organism
substrate
chemical bonds
free ribosomes
genotype
20. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties
geometric isomers
mRNA
electrogenic pump
incomplete dominance
21. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs
electrogenic pumps
sickle cell anemia
G0 phase
G1 phase
22. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)
carboxyl group
lysosomes
cyclic photophosphorylation
covalent bonds
23. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
nucleolus
Acetyl CoA
density dependent inhibitor
fertilization
24. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.
prometaphase
lactid acid fermentation
tetrad
cholesterol
25. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible
monohybrids
RNA
plasmolysis
cell wall
26. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.
isotopes
translation
spliceosome
growth factor
27. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.
valence electrons
fertilization
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
chromosomes
28. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene
cytoskeleton
point mutation
terminator
ligands
29. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree
deletion
cristae (plural - cristae)
passive transport
specific heat
30. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.
benign tumor
primary electron acceptor
cytological maps
food vacuoles
31. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.
duchenne muscular dystropy
tight junctions
electron microscope
cell wall
32. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins
cellulose
chiasmata
ketone
telophase
33. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.
tetrad
primary electron acceptor
trace elements
base
34. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.
hypotonic
peroxisome
RNA polymerase
trait
35. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face
isotopes
acid
membrane potential
cis face
36. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome
replication fork
oxidizing agent
binary fission
transcription unit
37. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.
mitochondria
hydrogen bond
promoter
protein
38. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release
plasma membrane
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
CAM
beta oxidation
39. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.
transport proteins
photorespiration
peripheral proteins
template strand
40. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
replication fork
light reactions
pleiotropy
microfilaments
41. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
lysosomes
organelles
interphase
wild type
42. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.
terminator
polyribosomes
cell plate
pyrimidines
43. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i
proton
parental types
active transport
sodium potassium pump
44. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II
sister chromatids
anaerobic
mRNA
energy coupling
45. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.
phagocytosis
aldehyde
cell cycle
action spectrum
46. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
concentration gradient
gametophyte
hydroxyl groups
monosaccharides
47. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
beta (B) pleated sheet
Rough ER
polysaccharides
organic chemistry
48. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
metaphase
pH
amino acid
phagocytosis
49. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.
cis face
calvin cycle
NADP+
RNA splicing
50. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.
microfilaments
thylakoids
RNA processing
active transport