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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






2. An individual with the normal phenotype.






3. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






4. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






5. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






6. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






7. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






8. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






9. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






10. Reproduction of cells






11. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






12. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse






13. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






14. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid






15. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






16. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






17. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






18. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






19. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






20. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.






21. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






22. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






23. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






24. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






25. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






26. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






27. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






28. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






29. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






30. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






31. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






32. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






33. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






34. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.






35. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






36. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






37. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






38. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






39. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






40. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






41. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






42. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






43. A solution in which water is the solvent






44. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






45. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






46. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.






47. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.






48. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






49. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






50. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.