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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






2. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






3. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






4. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the






5. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






6. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






7. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






8. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






9. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






10. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts






11. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






12. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






13. Differences between members of the same species.






14. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






15. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






16. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






17. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






18. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.






19. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






20. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






21. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






22. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






23. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






24. A gene located on a sex chromosome.






25. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






26. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






27. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






28. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






29. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






30. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






31. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






32. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






33. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






34. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






35. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole






36. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






37. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






38. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






39. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






40. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






41. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






42. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






43. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






44. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






45. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






46. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






47. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






48. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






49. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






50. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.