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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane
mitochondria
passive transport
valence electrons
sex chromosomes
2. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids
centromere
origins replication
gametes
noncyclic phosphorylation
3. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.
tonoplast
anaerobic
electrochemical gradient
geometric isomers
4. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.
pleiotropy
spectrophotometer
sex linked genes
plasma membrane
5. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
concentration gradient
atom
nuclear lamina
mRNA
6. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings
endergonic reaction
DNA ligase
parental types
induced fit
7. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.
law of independent assortment
spectrophotometer
nuclease
S phase
8. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.
electrochemical gradient
photon
sodium potassium pump
action spectrum
9. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote
karyotype
gametes
promoter
duplication
10. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.
polyribosomes
free ribosomes
telomeres
trisomic
11. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.
phosphate group
diffusion
nucleus
parental types
12. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.
RNA polymerase
noncompetitive inhibitor
aerobic
endergonic reaction
13. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.
domains
smooth ER
diploid cells
centrosome
14. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.
absorption spectrum
template strand
fat
electrochemical gradient
15. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.
mitosis
sodium potassium pump
anaerobic
monomer
16. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.
benign tumor
electrochemical gradient
amino group
law of independent assortment
17. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
enantiomers
denaturation
origins replication
lysosomes
18. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter
peroxisomes
functions of the proteins
osmosis
gated channels
19. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
promoter
somatic cell
hydrophobic
noncompetitive inhibitor
20. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).
peptide bond
haploid cells
electron
plasma membrane
21. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
chiasmata
prometaphase
duchenne muscular dystropy
transformation
22. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character
heterozygous
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
amniocentesis
pH
23. Differences between members of the same species.
binary fission
saturated fatty acid
cleavage
variation
24. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.
amphipathic molecules
RNA processing
disaccharides
true breeding
25. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.
aldehyde
template strand
missense mutations
cystic fibrosis
26. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.
transcription
density dependent inhibitor
Cell-cell recognition
mitochondria
27. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.
exergonic reaction
aerobic
ribosomes
sporophyte
28. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.
receptor mediated endocytosis
electrochemical gradient
catalyst
F1 generation
29. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts
chiasmata
ribosomes
solvent
Cytochrome
30. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
kinetochore
nucleoid
sexual reproduction
proton pump
31. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.
exergonic reaction
spliceosome
lactid acid fermentation
viral envelope
32. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).
adhesion
organic chemistry
C3 plants
anticodon
33. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.
beta oxidation
thylakoids
energy coupling
hydrolysis
34. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).
cell fractionation
active transport
hydrogen bond
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
35. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
temperature
acid precipitation
pyrimidines
DNA
36. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties
monohybrids
osmosis
barr body
incomplete dominance
37. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.
transformation
allosteric site
chlorophyll B
thermodynamics
38. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
transformation
faculative anaerobes
cytoskeleton
exergonic reaction
39. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.
central vacuole
introns
diffusion
heat
40. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.
pinocytosis
gametes
primer
telomeres
41. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.
karyotype
RNA splicing
sex chromosomes
homologous chromosomes
42. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this
nuclease
glycosidic linkage
passive transport
Cell-cell recognition
43. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec
aqueous solution
hemophilia
substrate
reaction center
44. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.
atom
duchenne muscular dystropy
absorption spectrum
cyclic electron flow
45. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles
codominance
ribosomes
nuclear envelope
hydrolysis
46. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
isotopes
smooth ER
chlorophyll
free ribosomes
47. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
competitive inhibitor
S phase
concentration gradient
microfilaments
48. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina
chlorophyll B
C3 plants
F2 generation
intermediate filaments
49. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane
fertilization
malignant tumor
ATP
noncyclic electron flow
50. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen
polygenic inheritance
disaccharides
frameshift mutation
cyclic electron flow