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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






2. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






3. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






4. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






5. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






6. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






7. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






8. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






9. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.






10. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






11. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






12. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






13. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






14. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






15. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






16. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






17. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






18. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






19. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






20. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






21. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






22. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






23. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






24. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






25. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






26. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






27. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






28. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






29. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






30. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






31. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






32. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.






33. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






34. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






35. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






36. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






37. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






38. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






39. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






40. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






41. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






42. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






43. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






44. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






45. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






46. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






47. Reproduction of cells






48. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






49. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






50. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.