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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






2. A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three - resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.






3. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






4. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






5. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






6. Differences between members of the same species.






7. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






8. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






9. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






10. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






11. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






12. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






13. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






14. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






15. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






16. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






17. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






18. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






19. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






20. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






21. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






22. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






23. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






24. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






25. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






26. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






27. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






28. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






29. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






30. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






31. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






32. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






33. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






34. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






35. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






36. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






37. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






38. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






39. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






40. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






41. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






42. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






43. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






44. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






45. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec






46. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






47. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






48. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






49. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






50. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.