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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






2. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






3. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






4. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






5. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






6. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






7. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






8. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






9. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






10. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






11. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






12. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






13. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






14. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






15. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






16. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






17. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






18. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






19. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






20. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






21. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






22. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






23. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






24. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






25. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






26. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






27. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






28. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






29. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.






30. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






31. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






32. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






33. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






34. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






35. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






36. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.






37. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






38. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






39. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






40. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






41. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






42. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






43. A gene located on a sex chromosome.






44. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






45. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






46. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






47. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






48. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






49. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






50. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid