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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass
mitosis
isotopes
kinetochore
calvin cycle
2. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a
acid
ATP synthase
catalyst
clone
3. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.
endoplasmic reticulum
cleavage
sex chromosomes
cytological maps
4. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.
barr body
crossing over
freeze-fracture
mitosis
5. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts
pinocytosis
lagging strand
trace elements
amino group
6. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.
fat
law of independent assortment
monosaccharides
trisomic
7. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.
RNA polymerase
genetic recombination
nuclear envelope
acid precipitation
8. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair
anaerobic
point mutation
cyclin
centromere
9. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites
facilitated diffusion
cytoskeleton
trans face
pinocytosis
10. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.
Rough ER
exons
deletion
surface tension
11. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.
cyclic photophosphorylation
fatty acid
concentration gradient
cleavage
12. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy
centrosome
exergonic reaction
chromosome theory of inheritance
proton pump
13. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.
chloroplast
bacteriophage
sexual reproduction
microtubules
14. The electron donor in a redox reaction.
thermodynamics
endoplasmic reticulum
reducing agent
pinocytosis
15. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
microtubules
genetics
dehydration reaction
peroxisome
16. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell
valence electrons
electron microscope
linkage map
proton pump
17. Reproduction of cells
adhesion
integral proteins
trans face
cell division
18. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.
central vacuole
phospholipids
amino acid
amphipathic molecules
19. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
nucleolus
concentration gradient
introns
NADP+
20. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.
true breeding
desmosome
beta (B) pleated sheet
light reactions
21. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
mitochondria
alternation of generations
exergonic reaction
stroma
22. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
diploid cells
fertilization
freeze-fracture
monohybrids
23. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.
electron microscope
chemical bonds
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
cilia
24. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.
1st law of thermodynamics
ligands
hemophilia
cotransport
25. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).
active transport
trisomic
quantitive characters
linked genes
26. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti
crossing over
linkage map
disaccharides
base pair substitution
27. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond
amino acid
photon
hydrogen bond
concentration gradient
28. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.
photophosphorylation
electrogenic pump
electrochemical gradient
exergonic reaction
29. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
mRNA
cation
alcohol fermentation
pedigree
30. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.
amniocentesis
photophosphorylation
Rough ER
centrosomes
31. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
acid precipitation
gated channels
codons
duchenne muscular dystropy
32. The genetic makeup of an organism
genotype
anion
denaturation
hypotonic
33. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell
anaphase
geometric isomers
cytokenisis
phagocytosis
34. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins
centrosome
catalyst
cholesterol
telophase
35. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.
isomers
nuclear lamina
matter
visible light
36. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.
ATP synthase
buffers
cytoplasm
surface tension
37. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.
phagocytosis
nuclear envelope
thylakoids
meiosis
38. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction
Cell-cell recognition
epistasis
peptide bond
origins replication
39. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.
gametophyte
monosomic
phospholipid
tight junctions
40. The electrons in the outermost electron shell
prometaphase
nuclease
benign tumor
valence electrons
41. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.
linkage map
electron transport chain
cell wall
insertion
42. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.
alternation of generations
oxidizing agent
Acetyl CoA
mismatch repair
43. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism
centrosome
linked genes
coenzyme
NaD+
44. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
centrosome
coenzyme
homozygous
peroxisomes
45. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
unsaturated fatty acid
ATP synthase
endergonic reaction
46. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
fat
prometaphase
genes
47. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment
krebs Cycle
proton pump
plasmolysis
glycosidic linkage
48. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.
cytokenisis
cytoskeleton
valence electrons
golgi apparatus
49. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
nucleus
microtubules
dehydration reaction
Integral proteins
50. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.
chromosomes
reduction
duplication
wild type