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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






2. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.






3. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






4. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






5. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






6. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






7. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






8. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






9. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






10. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






11. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






12. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






13. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






14. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






15. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.






16. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






17. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






18. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






19. Anything takes up space and has mass






20. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






21. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






22. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






23. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






24. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






25. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






26. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






27. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.






28. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






29. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






30. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






31. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






32. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






33. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






34. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






35. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)






36. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






37. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






38. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






39. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






40. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






41. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






42. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






43. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.






44. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






45. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






46. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






47. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






48. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






49. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






50. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






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