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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






2. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






3. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






4. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






5. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






6. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






7. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






8. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






9. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






10. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






11. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






12. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells






13. A characteristic






14. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






15. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






16. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a






17. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






18. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






19. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






20. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






21. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






22. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






23. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






24. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons






25. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






26. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






27. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






28. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






29. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






30. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






31. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






32. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






33. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






34. A negatively charged ion






35. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






36. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






37. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






38. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






39. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






40. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






41. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






42. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






43. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






44. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






45. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






46. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Cytosine (C) - thymine (T) - and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.






47. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






48. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






49. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






50. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.