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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.
reducing agent
cell division
cotransport
nucleus
2. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells
sister chromatids
chemical bonds
aqueous solution
endoplasmic reticulum
3. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
covalent bonds
alternation of generations
photophosphorylation
compound
4. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).
hybridization
carbohydrates
aqueous solution
phosphate group
5. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.
noncyclic phosphorylation
collagen
electrochemical gradient
diffusion
6. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids
solution
alcohol fermentation
translation
action spectrum
7. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.
transformation
phenotype
noncyclic electron flow
extracellular matrix
8. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.
haploid cells
transcription
centrosomes
cleavage
9. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.
transcription unit
fermentation
thermodynamics
isotopes
10. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.
frameshift mutation
stroma
amino group
rough ER
11. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis
S phase
Oxidative Phosphorylation
ribosomes
atom
12. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites
somatic cell
trans face
extracellular matrix
telomeres
13. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.
kinetochore
cell division
lagging strand
coenzyme
14. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
cholesterol
carbonyl groups
homozygous
base pair substitution
15. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.
transformation
somatic cells
homologous chromosomes
cell cycle
16. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs
disaccharides
cotransport
cell cycle
G2 phase
17. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.
prometaphase
noncyclic phosphorylation
translation
cytological maps
18. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
genetics
proton pump
somatic cell
phagocytosis
19. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond
pleiotropy
hydrogen bond
proton motive force
protein
20. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.
chloroplasts
cotransport
hydrolysis
exons
21. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom
peripheral proteins
neutron
anticodon
metaphase
22. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.
noncompetitive inhibitor
reducing agent
cotransport
NaD+
23. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.
amino acid
helicase
promoter
peripheral proteins
24. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.
cation
peroxisomes
insertion
diffusion
25. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.
genetic recombination
diffusion
exons
deletion
26. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.
krebs Cycle
cation
recessive allele
light reactions
27. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.
crossing over
true breeding
thylakoids
flagella
28. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
barr body
transcription unit
tonoplast
smooth ER
29. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside
carbonyl groups
ATP synthase
membrane potential
RNA
30. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
structural isomers
surface tension
element
epistasis
31. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
double helix
mitotic spindle
chiasmata
chlorophyll B
32. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells
alcohol fermentation
epistasis
gap junctions
hydrophobic
33. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.
passive transport
contractile vacuoles
mitochondria
genetic recombination
34. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse
visible light
RNA
valence electrons
phagocytosis
35. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps
photon
polar covalent bonds
electrogenic pumps
endocytosis
36. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.
trait
active transport
alcohol fermentation
passive transport
37. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.
turgid (firm)
cell plate
electrochemical gradient
cholesterol
38. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell
tumor
cytoskeleton
character
stroma
39. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.
enantiomers
dehydration reaction
flagella
genetics
40. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.
activation energy
ATP
protein
benign tumor
41. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.
plasma membrane
nucleolus
cytosol
anaerobic
42. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.
law of independent assortment
ligands
RNA polymerase
RNA processing
43. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of
mesophyll cell
ultra centrifuges
insertion
electron microscope
44. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.
amphipathic molecules
monosomic
phagocytosis
photosystem II
45. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.
functions of the proteins
photophosphorylation
polyploidy
reducing agent
46. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.
active site
telomeres
primary transcript
base pair substitution
47. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.
enantiomers
stroma
helicase
cis face
48. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.
peripheral proteins
electronegativity
passive transport
NaD+
49. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.
sodium potassium pump
diploid cells
prokaryotic cell
cholesterol
50. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
grana
carbohydrates
saturated fatty acid
nucleolus