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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dissolving agent of a solution
solvent
primary electron acceptor
quantitive characters
point mutation
2. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.
centrioles
covalent bonds
monomer
RNA polymerase
3. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.
malignant tumor
grana
golgi apparatus
osmosis
4. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.
structural isomers
RNA polymerase
heterotrophs
telomeres
5. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides
gated channels
nuclease
genetics
condensation reaction
6. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.
peripheral proteins
electron microscope
cytoplasm
homologous chromosomes
7. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
binary fission
promoter
meiosis
ATP
8. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.
epistasis
photosystem II
deletion
mesophyll cell
9. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help
endoplasmic reticulum
cohesion
mitochondria
photon
10. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.
mesophyll cell
cell cycle control system
temperature
transcription unit
11. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element
hypertonic
sex chromosomes
base pair substitution
atom
12. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen
nuclear envelope
bundle sheath cell
genetic recombination
cyclic electron flow
13. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
1st law of thermodynamics
telophase
ribosomes
14. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
telophase
mRNA
bacteriophage
genes
15. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.
mitotoic phase
substrate
leading strand
Acetyl CoA
16. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins
cleavage
G0 phase
tetrad
promoter
17. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
mutagens
gametes
buffers
kinetochore
18. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.
free energy
F1 generation
mitochondria
functions of the proteins
19. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
macromolecule
inversion
actin
golgi apparatus
20. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
gametes
noncompetitive inhibitor
glycoproteins
prophase
21. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.
collagen
noncyclic phosphorylation
fermentation
allosteric site
22. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.
cotransport
light reactions
deletion
anticodon
23. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
denaturation
parental types
hybridization
lysosomes
24. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.
ketone
codominance
nucleic acid
aldehyde
25. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring
centrioles
triplet code
visible light
anaphase
26. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
flagella
unsaturated fatty acid
hybridization
RNA polymerase
27. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.
primary transcript
atom
primary electron acceptor
fertilization
28. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.
double helix
1st law of thermodynamics
carotenoids
trait
29. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole
covalent bonds
cohesion
phagocytosis
nucleolus
30. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.
malignant tumor
receptor mediated endocytosis
food vacuoles
electrochemical gradient
31. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
cholesterol
pinocytosis
facilitated diffusion
endoplasmic reticulum
32. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
triplet code
sister chromatids
stroma
carboxyl group
33. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.
dominant allele
actin
solvent
sporophyte
34. Organizing the structures and activities of cells
codominance
cytoskeleton
voltage
aqueous solution
35. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.
actin
hydrolysis
smooth ER
macromolecule
36. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
wild type
enantiomers
ligands
amniocentesis
37. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.
bundle sheath cell
rough ER
dehydration reaction
active site
38. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.
passive transport
cilia
steroids
smooth ER
39. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.
trans face
ketone
stroma
cytological maps
40. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
RNA polymerase
gametes
hemophilia
element
41. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus
electron
noncyclic phosphorylation
allosteric site
transport proteins
42. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and
hybridization
photorespiration
transport proteins
chromatin
43. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs
extracellular matrix
electrochemical gradient
malignant tumor
endoplasmic reticulum
44. A gene located on a sex chromosome.
catalyst
tight junctions
sex linked genes
viral envelope
45. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.
G2 phase
cell wall
RNA splicing
membrane potential
46. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings
hypertonic
endergonic reaction
neutron
glycolysis
47. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.
lagging strand
insertion
ketone
electromagnetic spectrum
48. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.
free energy
functional groups
Acetyl CoA
organic chemistry
49. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.
lagging strand
viral envelope
P. generation
protein
50. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)
free energy
glycogen
bound ribosomes
noncyclic phosphorylation