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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
microfilaments
nucleic acid
mRNA
nuclease
2. A negatively charged ion
G0 phase
cellular respiration
anion
temperature
3. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.
diffusion
gametophyte
duplication
cristae (plural - cristae)
4. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).
cyclic photophosphorylation
genes
phosphate group
genome
5. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).
lagging strand
collagen
haploid cells
S phase
6. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.
electromagnetic spectrum
condensation reaction
true breeding
cellular respiration
7. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.
chlorophyll
transformation
covalent bonds
redox reactions
8. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.
calvin cycle
aldehyde
cotransport
carbohydrates
9. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.
primer
cytoplasm
isotopes
functions of the proteins
10. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.
golgi apparatus
photon
character
promoter
11. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.
chemical bonds
ATP
tumor
duplication
12. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.
chromosomes
lysosomes
1st law of thermodynamics
C3 plants
13. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited
epistasis
prophase
autotrophs
transport vesicles
14. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.
desmosome
diffusion
flaccid (limp)
geometric isomers
15. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.
electrochemical gradient
C3 plants
active transport
ligands
16. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases
linked genes
cell cycle
benign tumor
centromere
17. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
1st law of thermodynamics
compound
kinetochore
character
18. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material
acid
cytosol
genome
passive transport
19. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond
hydrogen bond
codons
inversion
peripheral proteins
20. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.
nuclease
cilia
complete dominance
flagella
21. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.
Acetyl CoA
linked genes
chlorophyll
carboxyl group
22. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.
glycoproteins
life cycle
electronegativity
functions of the proteins
23. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.
proton motive force
hypotonic
isotopes
exons
24. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
phagocytosis
osmosis
organelles
osmosis
25. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene
terminator
cyclin
ribosomes
fat
26. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i
action spectrum
translation
gap junctions
sodium potassium pump
27. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse
ATP
mitosis
heredity
malignant tumor
28. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
transcription
noncyclic electron flow
trace elements
chiasmata
29. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.
centrosome
thermodynamics
chromatin
carotenoids
30. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids
chloroplasts
centromere
activation energy
electrochemical gradient
31. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
glycolysis
saturated fatty acid
true breeding
complete dominance
32. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.
calvin cycle
condensation reaction
endoplasmic reticulum
phagocytosis
33. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.
electrogenic pumps
acid precipitation
peroxisomes
surface tension
34. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
transport proteins
domains
alternation of generations
35. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.
mesophyll cell
adhesion
haploid cells
ribosomes
36. An individual with the normal phenotype.
sickle cell anemia
wild type
RNA splicing
karyotype
37. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair
endergonic reaction
food vacuoles
solute
point mutation
38. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.
specific heat
missense mutations
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
trace elements
39. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
amniocentesis
recessive allele
denaturation
fertilization
40. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.
condensation reaction
cytoskeleton
centrosomes
krebs Cycle
41. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.
amino group
nucleic acid
photosystem II
pedigree
42. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.
bound ribosomes
concentration gradient
phospholipids
sporophyte
43. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.
cytological maps
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
integral proteins
Rough ER
44. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.
cytosol
chiasmata
sodium potassium pump
chlorophyll B
45. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides
complete dominance
buffers
cristae (plural - cristae)
nuclease
46. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins
interphase
electronegativity
P. generation
chromosomes
47. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids
cystic fibrosis
energy coupling
mitosis
translation
48. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.
action spectrum
cystic fibrosis
chromosomes
DNA
49. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen
chromatin
wild type
phagocytosis
cyclic electron flow
50. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis
sex chromosomes
cytokenisis
passive transport
true breeding