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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The genetic makeup of an organism
homologous chromosomes
genotype
translation
transcription
2. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways
growth factor
nuclease
codominance
cis face
3. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.
covalent bonds
homologous chromosomes
fermentation
starch
4. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.
haploid cells
chromosome theory of inheritance
ATP
osmosis
5. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells
chemical bonds
electron transport chain
telomeres
triplet code
6. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.
tetrad
transformation
cholesterol
gametes
7. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site
metastasis
RNA processing
base
cleavage
8. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.
photon
cytoplasm
spectrophotometer
fatty acid
9. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.
matter
chlorophyll A
introns
stroma
10. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.
nucleus
G2 phase
mitosis
fluid mosaic model
11. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
element
nucleus
capsid
synapsis
12. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.
chromatin
sporophyte
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
smooth ER
13. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.
duchenne muscular dystropy
hypotonic
integral proteins
nucleus
14. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited
ribosomes
cystic fibrosis
epistasis
cation
15. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins
telophase
endergonic reaction
life cycle
element
16. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
phagocytosis
C3 plants
receptor mediated endocytosis
ATP
17. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.
food vacuoles
promoter
ATP
duchenne muscular dystropy
18. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
RNA
genetics
lagging strand
glycosidic linkage
19. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th
sex linked genes
DNA
concentration gradient
phospholipids
20. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
spectrophotometer
phosphate group
electron
lysosomes
21. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and
food vacuoles
osmoregulation
transport proteins
lactid acid fermentation
22. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids
bound ribosomes
sexual reproduction
insertion
centromere
23. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells
amniocentesis
meiosis
contractile vacuoles
noncyclic phosphorylation
24. Differences between members of the same species.
aqueous solution
activation energy
variation
transformation
25. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.
polyribosomes
geometric isomers
electrochemical gradient
asexual reproduction
26. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell
sodium potassium pump
tumor
nucleolus
monosomic
27. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material
prophase
1st law of thermodynamics
carotenoids
chromatin
28. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
fat
acid
capsid
faculative anaerobes
29. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).
plastids
proton pump
linkage map
origins replication
30. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.
hydrocarbons
diploid cells
dominant allele
buffers
31. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.
peripheral proteins
electronegativity
ATP synthase
fatty acid
32. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
base
prophase
transcription
genome
33. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.
gametophyte
plasma membrane
NaD+
flaccid (limp)
34. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.
barr body
trisomic
fluid mosaic model
cyclin
35. The electrons in the outermost electron shell
passive transport
golgi apparatus
valence electrons
NaD+
36. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.
Rough ER
duplication
exons
RNA processing
37. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
unsaturated fatty acid
sister chromatids
passive transport
polyribosomes
38. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.
facilitated diffusion
cyclic photophosphorylation
element
pleiotropy
39. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.
cellulose
cell fractionation
benign tumor
cytological maps
40. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.
anaerobic
food vacuoles
induced fit
gated channels
41. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
gap junctions
monomer
sister chromatids
pleiotropy
42. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.
2nd law of thermodynamics
incomplete dominance
denaturation
central vacuole
43. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti
chromosome theory of inheritance
linkage map
meiosis
linked genes
44. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).
chlorophyll B
aquaporins(water channel)
hemophilia
cell cycle
45. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.
triplet code
functions of the proteins
steroids
insertion
46. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.
linked genes
peroxisome
cellular respiration
duchenne muscular dystropy
47. A gene located on a sex chromosome.
diploid cells
sex linked genes
hypertonic
nucleolus
48. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid
F2 generation
pedigree
tight junctions
base
49. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.
epistasis
parental types
anticodon
tonoplast
50. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.
fatty acid
P. generation
solute
Oxidative Phosphorylation