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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.






2. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






3. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






4. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






5. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






6. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






7. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






8. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






9. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






10. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






11. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






12. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






13. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






14. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






15. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






16. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






17. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






18. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






19. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






20. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






21. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.






22. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






23. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






24. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






25. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






26. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






27. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site






28. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






29. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






30. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






31. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid






32. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






33. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






34. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






35. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






36. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






37. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.






38. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






39. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






40. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






41. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






42. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






43. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






44. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






45. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






46. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






47. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






48. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






49. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






50. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.