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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






2. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






3. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






4. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






5. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






6. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






7. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






8. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






9. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






10. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






11. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






12. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






13. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






14. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






15. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






16. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






17. A heritable feature.






18. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






19. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.






20. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse






21. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.






22. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






23. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






24. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.






25. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






26. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






27. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






28. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






29. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass






30. Region where cells microtubules are initiated






31. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






32. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






33. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






34. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






35. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






36. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






37. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






38. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






39. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






40. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






41. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






42. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






43. An individual with the normal phenotype.






44. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






45. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.






46. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






47. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






48. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






49. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






50. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.