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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






2. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






3. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.






4. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse






5. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






6. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






7. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






8. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






9. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






10. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






11. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






12. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.






13. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






14. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






15. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






16. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






17. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






18. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






19. A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three - resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.






20. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






21. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






22. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






23. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






24. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell






25. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






26. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






27. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.






28. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






29. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






30. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






31. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






32. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






33. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the






34. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






35. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






36. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






37. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






38. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






39. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






40. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






41. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






42. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






43. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






44. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






45. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






46. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






47. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






48. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






49. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






50. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.