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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






2. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






3. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






4. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.






5. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






6. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






7. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






8. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






9. Region where cells microtubules are initiated






10. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.






11. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






12. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.






13. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.






14. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






15. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






16. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






17. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






18. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






19. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






20. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






21. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






22. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






23. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






24. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






25. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






26. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






27. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






28. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






29. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






30. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






31. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






32. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






33. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






34. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






35. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.






36. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






37. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






38. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






39. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.






40. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






41. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






42. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






43. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






44. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






45. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






46. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






47. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






48. A characteristic






49. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






50. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive