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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






2. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






3. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






4. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






5. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






6. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






7. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






8. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






9. A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three - resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.






10. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






11. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






12. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






13. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






14. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






15. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






16. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






17. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.






18. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid






19. A heritable feature.






20. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.






21. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






22. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






23. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






24. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






25. The reactant on which an enzyme works






26. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.






27. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






28. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.






29. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






30. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






31. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






32. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






33. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






34. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






35. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






36. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






37. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






38. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






39. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






40. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






41. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






42. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells






43. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






44. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






45. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






46. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






47. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






48. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






49. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






50. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.