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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps
amniocentesis
cytoskeleton
electrogenic pumps
sex linked genes
2. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.
F2 generation
Integral proteins
hemophilia
cytoplasm
3. The genetic makeup of an organism
polyribosomes
frameshift mutation
genotype
chromosomes
4. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.
polyribosomes
membrane potential
chloroplasts
golgi apparatus
5. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom
transfer RNA
neutron
true breeding
exergonic reaction
6. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II
carboxyl group
sister chromatids
mitotic spindle
photosystem II
7. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.
genes
spectrophotometer
electronegativity
diploid cells
8. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)
hypertonic
carboxyl group
sporophyte
bound ribosomes
9. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.
bacteriophage
tetrad
triplet code
smooth ER
10. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells
nondisjunction
gap junctions
tumor
transcription unit
11. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
peroxisome
collagen
CAM
enantiomers
12. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.
disaccharides
endocytosis
kinetochore
cytoskeleton
13. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.
valence electrons
phospholipid
intermediate filaments
true breeding
14. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts
monohybrids
Cytochrome
metaphase
ligands
15. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
cyclin
peripheral proteins
gametes
smooth ER
16. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.
unsaturated fatty acid
alternation of generations
barr body
pyrimidines
17. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid
tight junctions
collagen
coenzyme
law of segregration
18. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.
G1 phase
somatic cell
wild type
surface tension
19. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).
sulfhydryl group
valence electrons
smooth ER
RNA processing
20. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.
structural isomers
hypotonic
G1 phase
voltage
21. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.
law of segregration
cell fractionation
nucleoid
free ribosomes
22. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.
aerobic
ribosomes
mismatch repair
meiosis
23. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
hydrophobic
electrochemical gradient
hydroxyl groups
inversion
24. A characteristic
cytoplasm
purines
allosteric site
trait
25. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell
solute
tumor
deletion
transcription
26. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
cholesterol
DNA ligase
RNA processing
mitotic spindle
27. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
mutagens
cotransport
structural isomers
metastasis
28. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.
phagocytosis
tumor
cytosol
active transport
29. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra
alternation of generations
electrochemical gradient
ketone
ligands
30. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
pH
gametes
exons
reaction center
31. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole
element
phagocytosis
saturated fatty acid
primary transcript
32. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.
homologous chromosomes
nucleic acid
duplication
free energy
33. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells
chemical bonds
promoter
functions of the proteins
ribosomes
34. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.
energy coupling
ATP
phospholipid
gated channels
35. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.
integral proteins
calvin cycle
temperature
ribosomes
36. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
lysosomes
base pair substitution
cytoskeleton
monomer
37. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
compound
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
character
light reactions
38. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.
allosteric site
stroma
concentration gradient
surface tension
39. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.
somatic cells
amino acid
transport proteins
entropy
40. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
facilitated diffusion
hydrolysis
acid
cell plate
41. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.
template strand
hypotonic
base pair substitution
asexual reproduction
42. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
interphase
coenzyme
hypertonic
43. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).
double helix
carbohydrates
RNA polymerase
codominance
44. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.
asexual reproduction
template strand
solvent
recessive allele
45. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr
ATP synthase
ribosomes
metastasis
entropy
46. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids
passive transport
transport vesicles
chlorophyll A
centromere
47. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
pleiotropy
tumor
inversion
dominant allele
48. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.
free energy
ribosomes
primer
triplet code
49. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)
grana
cytoplasm
lysosomes
electrochemical gradient
50. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes
collagen
food vacuoles
nucleolus
fertilization
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