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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






2. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






3. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






4. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






5. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






6. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






7. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






8. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






9. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






10. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






11. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






12. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid






13. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






14. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






15. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






16. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






17. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






18. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole






19. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






20. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.






21. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






22. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.






23. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






24. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






25. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






26. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






27. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






28. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






29. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






30. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






31. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






32. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






33. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






34. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






35. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






36. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






37. A negatively charged ion






38. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






39. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






40. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






41. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






42. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






43. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






44. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






45. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






46. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






47. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






48. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






49. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






50. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration