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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells






2. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






3. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






4. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.






5. The genetic makeup of an organism






6. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






7. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






8. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






9. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






10. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






11. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






12. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






13. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Cytosine (C) - thymine (T) - and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.






14. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






15. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






16. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






17. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






18. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.






19. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






20. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






21. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






22. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






23. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






24. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






25. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






26. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






27. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






28. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






29. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






30. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts






31. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






32. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






33. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






34. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.






35. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






36. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






37. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






38. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






39. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






40. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






41. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






42. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






43. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






44. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






45. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






46. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






47. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






48. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






49. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.






50. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.