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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






2. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






3. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






4. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.






5. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






6. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






7. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






8. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






9. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






10. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






11. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






12. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






13. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






14. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






15. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






16. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






17. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






18. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






19. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






20. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






21. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






22. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






23. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






24. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






25. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






26. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






27. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






28. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






29. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






30. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






31. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site






32. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






33. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






34. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






35. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.






36. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






37. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






38. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






39. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






40. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.






41. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






42. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






43. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






44. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






45. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






46. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






47. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






48. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






49. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.






50. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.