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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






2. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.






3. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






4. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






5. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






6. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






7. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid






8. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






9. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






10. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






11. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






12. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






13. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






14. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






15. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






16. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






17. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






18. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






19. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






20. A negatively charged ion






21. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






22. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






23. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.






24. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






25. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






26. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






27. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.






28. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






29. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec






30. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






31. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






32. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






33. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






34. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse






35. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






36. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






37. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






38. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






39. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






40. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






41. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






42. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.






43. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






44. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






45. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






46. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






47. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






48. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






49. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






50. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the