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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






2. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom






3. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






4. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






5. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






6. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






7. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






8. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






9. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






10. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






11. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






12. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






13. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






14. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






15. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






16. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






17. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.






18. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






19. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






20. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






21. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






22. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






23. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






24. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






25. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






26. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






27. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






28. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






29. Region where cells microtubules are initiated






30. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






31. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






32. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






33. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






34. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






35. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.






36. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






37. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






38. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






39. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






40. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






41. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.






42. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






43. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






44. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






45. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






46. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






47. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






48. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.






49. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






50. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.