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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






2. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






3. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






4. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.






5. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






6. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






7. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






8. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.






9. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






10. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






11. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






12. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






13. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






14. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






15. A heritable feature.






16. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






17. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






18. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.






19. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






20. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






21. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.






22. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






23. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






24. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






25. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






26. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






27. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






28. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






29. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






30. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






31. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






32. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






33. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






34. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






35. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






36. Having an affinity to water






37. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






38. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






39. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the






40. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






41. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






42. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






43. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






44. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






45. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






46. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






47. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






48. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






49. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






50. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.