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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






2. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






3. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






4. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.






5. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






6. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






7. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






8. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






9. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






10. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






11. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






12. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






13. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






14. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






15. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






16. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






17. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






18. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






19. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






20. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






21. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






22. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






23. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






24. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






25. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






26. Reproduction of cells






27. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






28. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






29. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






30. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






31. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






32. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






33. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






34. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






35. A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three - resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.






36. A solution in which water is the solvent






37. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






38. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






39. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






40. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






41. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






42. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






43. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






44. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






45. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.






46. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






47. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






48. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






49. A heritable feature.






50. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr