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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






2. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






3. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






4. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






5. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






6. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






7. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






8. A solution in which water is the solvent






9. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






10. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






11. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






12. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






13. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






14. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






15. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






16. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






17. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






18. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






19. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






20. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






21. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






22. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






23. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






24. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






25. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






26. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






27. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






28. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






29. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






30. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






31. A functional group important in energy transfer.






32. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






33. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






34. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






35. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






36. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






37. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






38. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.






39. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






40. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






41. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






42. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






43. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






44. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






45. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






46. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






47. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






48. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






49. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






50. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.