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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.






2. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






3. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






4. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






5. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






6. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






7. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






8. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






9. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






10. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






11. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






12. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






13. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






14. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






15. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






16. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






17. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.






18. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






19. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.






20. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






21. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






22. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






23. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






24. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






25. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






26. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






27. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






28. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






29. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






30. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






31. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






32. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






33. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






34. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






35. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






36. Having an affinity to water






37. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






38. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






39. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






40. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






41. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






42. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






43. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






44. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






45. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






46. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.






47. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






48. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






49. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






50. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.