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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






2. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






3. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






4. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






5. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






6. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






7. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






8. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the






9. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






10. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






11. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






12. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






13. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






14. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






15. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






16. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






17. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






18. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






19. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






20. A solution in which water is the solvent






21. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






22. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






23. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






24. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






25. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






26. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






27. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






28. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






29. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






30. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






31. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






32. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






33. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






34. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






35. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






36. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






37. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






38. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






39. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






40. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






41. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






42. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






43. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.






44. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






45. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






46. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






47. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






48. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






49. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






50. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.







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