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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






2. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






3. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






4. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






5. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






6. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






7. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






8. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






9. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.






10. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






11. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






12. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






13. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






14. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






15. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






16. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.






17. A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.






18. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






19. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






20. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






21. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






22. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






23. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






24. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






25. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






26. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






27. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






28. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






29. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






30. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






31. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






32. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






33. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






34. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






35. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






36. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






37. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






38. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






39. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






40. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






41. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






42. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






43. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






44. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






45. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






46. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






47. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






48. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






49. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






50. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).







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