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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






2. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






3. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






4. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






5. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






6. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






7. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






8. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






9. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






10. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






11. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






12. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






13. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






14. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






15. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






16. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






17. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






18. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






19. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






20. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






21. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.






22. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






23. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






24. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






25. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






26. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






27. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






28. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






29. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






30. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.






31. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






32. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






33. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






34. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






35. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse






36. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






37. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






38. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






39. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






40. A functional group important in energy transfer.






41. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






42. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






43. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






44. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






45. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






46. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






47. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






48. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






49. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






50. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.