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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






2. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






3. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






4. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






5. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






6. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






7. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






8. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






9. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






10. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






11. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






12. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






13. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






14. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






15. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






16. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






17. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






18. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






19. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






20. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






21. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






22. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






23. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






24. Reproduction of cells






25. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






26. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






27. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






28. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






29. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.






30. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






31. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






32. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






33. A heritable feature.






34. Having an affinity to water






35. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






36. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






37. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






38. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






39. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells






40. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






41. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






42. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






43. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






44. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






45. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






46. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






47. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






48. A characteristic






49. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






50. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.