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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






2. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






3. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






4. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






5. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






6. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






7. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






8. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






9. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






10. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






11. The reactant on which an enzyme works






12. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






13. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






14. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






15. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






16. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






17. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






18. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






19. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






20. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






21. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






22. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






23. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






24. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






25. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






26. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






27. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






28. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid






29. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass






30. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






31. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






32. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






33. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






34. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






35. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






36. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






37. A characteristic






38. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






39. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






40. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the






41. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






42. A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three - resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.






43. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






44. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






45. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid






46. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






47. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






48. A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.






49. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






50. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.