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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec






2. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.






3. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






4. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts






5. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






6. Reproduction of cells






7. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






8. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






9. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






10. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






11. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






12. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






13. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






14. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






15. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






16. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






17. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






18. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






19. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






20. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid






21. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






22. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






23. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






24. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






25. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






26. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






27. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






28. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






29. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






30. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






31. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






32. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






33. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






34. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






35. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






36. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






37. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






38. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






39. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






40. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






41. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






42. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.






43. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






44. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






45. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






46. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






47. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






48. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






49. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






50. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal







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