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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion
enantiomers
hydrophobic
passive transport
trisomic
2. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane
proton
cyclin
hypertonic
ATP
3. Collagen most abundant in animal cells
origins replication
crossing over
metastasis
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
4. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.
Integral proteins
faculative anaerobes
RNA processing
solute
5. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites
genome
trans face
double helix
hydrophilic
6. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
DNA ligase
denaturation
food vacuoles
asexual reproduction
7. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.
P. generation
duplication
leading strand
phagocytosis
8. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.
amino acid
nucleus
fertilization
tetrad
9. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.
photosystem II
sex linked genes
reaction center
Peripheral proteins
10. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons
sodium potassium pump
voltage
capsid
covalent bonds
11. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.
glycogen
genotype
diffusion
macromolecule
12. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.
chlorophyll B
reduction
transcription
amino group
13. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).
cholesterol
asexual reproduction
Oxidative Phosphorylation
haploid cells
14. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.
monosaccharides
mitochondria
reducing agent
ribosomes
15. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
somatic cell
cytoskeleton
pleiotropy
noncompetitive inhibitor
16. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
facilitated diffusion
bacteriophage
pleiotropy
homozygous
17. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.
lysosomes
plastids
hemophilia
codons
18. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.
free energy
mitosis
glycogen
lagging strand
19. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.
central vacuole
isomers
missense mutations
cis face
20. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.
exocytosis
origins replication
beta (B) pleated sheet
photosystem II
21. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)
lysosomes
linked genes
Rough ER
hydrogen bond
22. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.
fat
endergonic reaction
polyribosomes
duplication
23. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).
photorespiration
quantitive characters
microtubules
domains
24. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.
active transport
plasma membrane
nucleoid
condensation reaction
25. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character
prokaryotic cell
carotenoids
heterozygous
mitosis
26. Anything takes up space and has mass
phospholipid
matter
gated channels
wavelength
27. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form
smooth ER
heat
oxidizing agent
NaD+
28. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
isotonic
cell division
catalyst
cytokenisis
29. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins
Peripheral proteins
fatty acid
voltage
absorption spectrum
30. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.
recessive allele
tonoplast
osmosis
aquaporins(water channel)
31. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts
duchenne muscular dystropy
lysosomes
Cytochrome
cell cycle control system
32. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.
aquaporins(water channel)
polyribosomes
spectrophotometer
cyclin
33. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.
heterotrophs
centromere
endoplasmic reticulum
chromatin
34. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti
linkage map
pedigree
stroma
cell plate
35. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.
meiosis
geometric isomers
diffusion
acid
36. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs
flaccid (limp)
G2 phase
Oxidative Phosphorylation
peripheral proteins
37. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.
character
free energy
ligands
cofactor
38. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl
nucleus
autotrophs
surface tension
chloroplasts
39. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter
cell wall
alcohol fermentation
photorespiration
osmosis
40. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.
active transport
unsaturated fatty acid
anaerobic
cellular respiration
41. Region where cells microtubules are initiated
ATP
centrosomes
tetrad
electrochemical gradient
42. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration
F2 generation
glycolysis
element
peroxisomes
43. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis
coenzyme
F1 generation
mitotoic phase
peroxisome
44. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
mutagens
smooth ER
carboxyl group
life cycle
45. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
visible light
isotonic
cofactor
buffers
46. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.
nuclear lamina
trisomic
matter
adhesion
47. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.
anaphase
telomeres
aldehyde
sickle cell anemia
48. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)
mutagens
solution
beta oxidation
tight junctions
49. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.
barr body
turgid (firm)
peroxisome
transformation
50. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.
competitive inhibitor
mutagens
microfilaments
free energy