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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of
base
electron microscope
C4 plants
ribosomal RNA
2. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid
starch
pinocytosis
cell cycle control system
organic chemistry
3. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
krebs Cycle
base pair substitution
active transport
cholesterol
4. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges
ribosomes
noncompetitive inhibitor
monosomic
voltage
5. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II
sister chromatids
chromosomes
polyribosomes
centromere
6. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.
genes
sporophyte
primary electron acceptor
reducing agent
7. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.
energy coupling
telomeres
hypotonic
barr body
8. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
fluid mosaic model
oxidation
carboxyl group
cystic fibrosis
9. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.
reduction
telomeres
true breeding
transformation
10. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).
photorespiration
sulfhydryl group
synapsis
central vacuole
11. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).
quantitive characters
NaD+
electron
G2 phase
12. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
gametophyte
plastids
glycogen
sulfhydryl group
13. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
noncompetitive inhibitor
functional groups
aquaporins(water channel)
cyclic photophosphorylation
14. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.
cytokenisis
competitive inhibitor
primer
bound ribosomes
15. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.
pinocytosis
competitive inhibitor
RNA polymerase
endocytosis
16. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.
cotransport
transcription
chlorophyll A
hybridization
17. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.
thylakoids
mitochondria
nucleic acid
grana
18. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.
glycogen
active site
protein
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
19. A negatively charged ion
anion
denaturation
cotransport
sodium potassium pump
20. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.
thermodynamics
spectrophotometer
prometaphase
temperature
21. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.
structural isomers
action spectrum
plasma membrane
plastids
22. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.
mesophyll cell
dehydration reaction
F1 generation
glycosidic linkage
23. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.
nuclear lamina
proton motive force
interphase
karyotype
24. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.
nucleic acid
bound ribosomes
pyrimidines
condensation reaction
25. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
C3 plants
purines
buffers
carbonyl groups
26. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual
metaphase
hybridization
sex chromosomes
gap junctions
27. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus
element
genome
golgi apparatus
electron
28. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria
ribosomes
peroxisomes
light reactions
tetrad
29. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.
photon
phagocytosis
heat
compound
30. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy
mitochondria
exergonic reaction
chiasmata
macromolecule
31. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)
free ribosomes
amino group
homologous chromosomes
point mutation
32. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
kinetochore
trace elements
alternation of generations
fat
33. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.
heredity
passive transport
missense mutations
ATP synthase
34. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.
calvin cycle
punnett square
cyclic electron flow
sporophyte
35. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells
microtubules
chemical bonds
organelles
extracellular matrix
36. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.
peripheral proteins
barr body
free energy
noncyclic phosphorylation
37. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
pedigree
organelles
homologous chromosomes
hydrocarbons
38. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help
mitochondria
1st law of thermodynamics
pleiotropy
buffers
39. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.
protein
leading strand
lysosomes
cleavage
40. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
mutagens
chlorophyll
trace elements
phagocytosis
41. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.
electrogenic pumps
photon
glycosidic linkage
atom
42. A heritable feature.
character
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
chlorophyll B
growth factor
43. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.
noncompetitive inhibitor
diffusion
disaccharides
cytoplasm
44. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
chiasmata
domains
passive transport
tumor
45. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways
terminator
codominance
visible light
pinocytosis
46. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.
chloroplast
cyclic photophosphorylation
autotrophs
voltage
47. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
photophosphorylation
homozygous
proton pump
hybridization
48. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.
karyotype
carbohydrates
exocytosis
helicase
49. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated
RNA splicing
centrioles
S phase
photophosphorylation
50. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases
peroxisomes
polar covalent bonds
sex chromosomes
cell cycle