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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






2. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






3. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






4. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






5. Anything takes up space and has mass






6. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






7. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






8. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






9. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






10. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






11. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






12. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






13. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






14. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






15. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass






16. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






17. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






18. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






19. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






20. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






21. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






22. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






23. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






24. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






25. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






26. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






27. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






28. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






29. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






30. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






31. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






32. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






33. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






34. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






35. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






36. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.






37. An individual with the normal phenotype.






38. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






39. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






40. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






41. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






42. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






43. Reproduction of cells






44. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






45. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






46. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






47. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






48. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






49. A functional group important in energy transfer.






50. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring