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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






2. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






3. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






4. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






5. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






6. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






7. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






8. The genetic makeup of an organism






9. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






10. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






11. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






12. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






13. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






14. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






15. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






16. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






17. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






18. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






19. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






20. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






21. Differences between members of the same species.






22. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.






23. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






24. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






25. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






26. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






27. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






28. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






29. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






30. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






31. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






32. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






33. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






34. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






35. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






36. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






37. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






38. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






39. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






40. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






41. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






42. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass






43. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






44. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






45. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






46. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






47. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






48. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






49. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






50. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.