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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Collagen most abundant in animal cells
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
osmosis
translation
osmoregulation
2. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.
alternation of generations
hydrophilic
hydrocarbons
osmoregulation
3. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.
proton
endoplasmic reticulum
active site
fermentation
4. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.
reaction center
tight junctions
noncyclic electron flow
template strand
5. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins
cholesterol
introns
Peripheral proteins
CAM
6. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.
cell plate
extracellular matrix
ribosomes
isomers
7. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
aerobic
cytoskeleton
organelles
mitotic spindle
8. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
neutron
P. generation
functional groups
noncyclic phosphorylation
9. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.
prokaryotic cell
phenotype
chloroplasts
NaD+
10. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.
reduction
actin
tumor
proton motive force
11. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material
Peripheral proteins
genome
freeze-fracture
thermodynamics
12. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.
functional groups
polysaccharides
Cytochrome
tonoplast
13. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.
C3 plants
specific heat
nucleoid
bacteriophage
14. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of
glycolysis
electron microscope
purines
cilia
15. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
central vacuole
osmosis
promoter
electrochemical gradient
16. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.
ligands
primary transcript
cell plate
endergonic reaction
17. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
RNA
cholesterol
phosphate group
allosteric site
18. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair
osmosis
denaturation
cytological maps
point mutation
19. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration
free energy
punnett square
plasma membrane
glycolysis
20. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids
translation
base pair substitution
autotrophs
nucleic acid
21. Dissolving agent of a solution
plasmolysis
smooth ER
osmosis
solvent
22. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges
freeze-fracture
flaccid (limp)
voltage
S phase
23. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.
alcohol fermentation
spectrophotometer
telomeres
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
24. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.
grana
Integral proteins
law of independent assortment
coenzyme
25. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
cytoskeleton
mitotoic phase
actin
26. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.
smooth ER
pyrimidines
calvin cycle
genome
27. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
element
functional groups
smooth ER
polymer
28. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin
intermediate filaments
base pair substitution
fluid mosaic model
benign tumor
29. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20
chloroplast
reduction
sulfhydryl group
microfilaments
30. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.
bundle sheath cell
nuclear lamina
exocytosis
microtubules
31. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.
phagocytosis
F2 generation
transport vesicles
endocytosis
32. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.
cell plate
barr body
primary transcript
template strand
33. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.
reaction center
Cytochrome
hydroxyl groups
cell fractionation
34. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules
fatty acid
diffusion
C3 plants
chlorophyll A
35. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.
genetics
photon
transformation
tetrad
36. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
photophosphorylation
C4 plants
karyotype
glycolysis
37. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients
facilitated diffusion
wild type
electrogenic pump
linkage map
38. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.
voltage
recessive allele
sulfhydryl group
polysaccharides
39. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and
condensation reaction
electrochemical gradient
transcription unit
transport proteins
40. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
glycoproteins
promoter
starch
denaturation
41. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.
golgi apparatus
ATP synthase
centrioles
cyclic photophosphorylation
42. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
visible light
hypotonic
Integral proteins
stroma
43. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids
prophase
fat
prokaryotic cell
lagging strand
44. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible
cholesterol
cell wall
sporophyte
template strand
45. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings
endergonic reaction
transcription
cell fractionation
crossing over
46. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.
electrochemical gradient
light reactions
mismatch repair
mitochondria
47. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.
anticodon
Cell-cell recognition
contractile vacuoles
cyclin
48. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.
somatic cells
spectrophotometer
cytological maps
frameshift mutation
49. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.
chloroplast
fat
fatty acid
chromosome theory of inheritance
50. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells
hypertonic
G2 phase
cellular respiration
gap junctions