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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






2. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






3. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






4. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






5. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom






6. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






7. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






8. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






9. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






10. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






11. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






12. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






13. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






14. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






15. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid






16. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






17. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






18. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






19. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






20. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






21. Having an affinity to water






22. Region where cells microtubules are initiated






23. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






24. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






25. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






26. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






27. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






28. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






29. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






30. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






31. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






32. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






33. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






34. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






35. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






36. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.






37. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






38. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.






39. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






40. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






41. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






42. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






43. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






44. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






45. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






46. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






47. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






48. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






49. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






50. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible