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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






2. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






3. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.






4. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






5. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






6. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.






7. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






8. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






9. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






10. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






11. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






12. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






13. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






14. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.






15. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






16. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






17. The reactant on which an enzyme works






18. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






19. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






20. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.






21. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






22. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






23. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






24. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






25. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






26. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






27. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.






28. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






29. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






30. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






31. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






32. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






33. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






34. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






35. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






36. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.






37. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






38. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






39. Having an affinity to water






40. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






41. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






42. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






43. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






44. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






45. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






46. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






47. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






48. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






49. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.






50. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.