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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






2. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells






3. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






4. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






5. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






6. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






7. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






8. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






9. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






10. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






11. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






12. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






13. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






14. The reactant on which an enzyme works






15. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






16. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






17. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






18. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






19. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






20. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






21. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






22. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.






23. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






24. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






25. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site






26. A solution in which water is the solvent






27. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






28. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






29. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid






30. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






31. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






32. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






33. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






34. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






35. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






36. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons






37. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






38. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






39. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






40. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






41. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.






42. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






43. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Cytosine (C) - thymine (T) - and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.






44. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






45. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






46. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






47. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






48. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






49. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






50. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).