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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.
cristae (plural - cristae)
domains
ATP
neutron
2. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.
carbohydrates
F2 generation
amino group
cellular respiration
3. Reproduction of cells
cell division
chloroplasts
neutron
meiosis
4. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release
synapsis
buffers
voltage
CAM
5. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).
clone
aquaporins(water channel)
inversion
cystic fibrosis
6. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.
missense mutations
chloroplast
noncyclic electron flow
C4 plants
7. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
macromolecule
substrate
electronegativity
chlorophyll B
8. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair
prophase
ribosomal RNA
point mutation
prokaryotic cell
9. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.
golgi apparatus
cytoskeleton
C4 plants
pedigree
10. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.
solute
actin
electron transport chain
food vacuoles
11. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree
specific heat
macromolecule
coenzyme
sister chromatids
12. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
ribosomal RNA
stroma
F2 generation
tonoplast
13. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes
endoplasmic reticulum
trait
diffusion
cell cycle
14. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.
autotrophs
trisomic
hydrocarbons
catalyst
15. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.
cell division
carbohydrates
amniocentesis
receptor mediated endocytosis
16. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.
thermodynamics
heat
endoplasmic reticulum
sodium potassium pump
17. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
double helix
membrane potential
active transport
insertion
18. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins
noncompetitive inhibitor
trisomic
cellulose
chromosomes
19. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.
osmosis
cytosol
flaccid (limp)
cofactor
20. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.
polar covalent bonds
exergonic reaction
competitive inhibitor
passive transport
21. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
wild type
diploid cells
polymer
phospholipid
22. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.
sex chromosomes
fluid mosaic model
point mutation
mitotoic phase
23. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids
translation
noncyclic phosphorylation
cell fractionation
electrogenic pumps
24. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.
binary fission
entropy
prometaphase
hydrogen bond
25. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.
F2 generation
dominant allele
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
RNA splicing
26. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
chromosomes
intermediate filaments
denaturation
trace elements
27. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.
free ribosomes
prometaphase
flagella
mitotic spindle
28. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis
energy coupling
anaphase
RNA processing
mitotic spindle
29. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive
polar covalent bonds
aldehyde
1st law of thermodynamics
facilitated diffusion
30. A functional group important in energy transfer.
absorption spectrum
tonoplast
NADP+
phosphate group
31. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.
peripheral proteins
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
mismatch repair
primer
32. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
intermediate filaments
punnett square
electrogenic pumps
33. Collagen most abundant in animal cells
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
proton pump
chromatin
nucleic acid
34. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.
integral proteins
gametophyte
chlorophyll B
nuclear envelope
35. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.
phospholipid
dehydration reaction
extracellular matrix
sister chromatids
36. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
ketone
haploid cells
base
glycolysis
37. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.
microtubules
thermodynamics
gametes
cytosol
38. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.
carboxyl group
energy coupling
disaccharides
cytoplasm
39. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.
inversion
cyclin
wild type
pyrimidines
40. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
collagen
lagging strand
light reactions
monosomic
41. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically
pedigree
recessive allele
cyclin
phospholipid
42. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.
frameshift mutation
reduction
aerobic
hypertonic
43. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome
Rough ER
valence electrons
chromatin
genotype
44. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
variation
somatic cells
acid
photon
45. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases
light reactions
cell cycle
Integral proteins
fermentation
46. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.
cell wall
gated channels
G0 phase
kinetochore
47. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.
hemophilia
cell cycle
osmosis
nucleus
48. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.
chlorophyll A
Cell-cell recognition
voltage
organelles
49. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
golgi apparatus
phagocytosis
hydroxyl groups
sex chromosomes
50. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts
gametes
competitive inhibitor
trace elements
primary electron acceptor