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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.
integral proteins
cellular respiration
phosphate group
condensation reaction
2. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.
phagocytosis
fertilization
RNA polymerase
Cell-cell recognition
3. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
viral envelope
DNA
duplication
barr body
4. An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. A monohybrid results from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles. For example - parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid genotype of Aa.
promoter
monohybrids
coenzyme
Acetyl CoA
5. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.
fatty acid
character
electrochemical gradient
heredity
6. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.
spectrophotometer
NaD+
sodium potassium pump
polysaccharides
7. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.
sex chromosomes
electronegativity
chemical bonds
F1 generation
8. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production
ligands
chromosome theory of inheritance
linked genes
rough ER
9. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.
energy coupling
absorption spectrum
polygenic inheritance
G0 phase
10. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
transformation
peroxisome
competitive inhibitor
homozygous
11. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.
mitotic spindle
freeze-fracture
food vacuoles
amniocentesis
12. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr
introns
ATP synthase
codominance
facilitated diffusion
13. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i
prophase
sodium potassium pump
tumor
voltage
14. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
diploid cells
actin
faculative anaerobes
golgi apparatus
15. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins
cholesterol
structural isomers
density dependent inhibitor
facilitated diffusion
16. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion
glycolysis
passive transport
endergonic reaction
cis face
17. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.
leading strand
turgid (firm)
transfer RNA
centrosomes
18. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
chiasmata
cellulose
nuclease
primary electron acceptor
19. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.
cytoplasm
hydrolysis
DNA ligase
matter
20. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
intermediate filaments
domains
amino group
double helix
21. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.
helicase
hemophilia
sickle cell anemia
capsid
22. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
osmosis
RNA processing
monohybrids
23. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
recessive allele
cytosol
promoter
collagen
24. Organizing the structures and activities of cells
stroma
somatic cell
golgi apparatus
cytoskeleton
25. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell
genotype
anaphase
malignant tumor
prometaphase
26. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th
heterotrophs
monosaccharides
concentration gradient
facilitated diffusion
27. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti
polyribosomes
carboxyl group
linkage map
fatty acid
28. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.
endocytosis
extracellular matrix
fermentation
chemical bonds
29. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.
faculative anaerobes
ATP synthase
diffusion
peripheral proteins
30. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom
cis face
proton
buffers
bundle sheath cell
31. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane
nucleic acid
isotonic
ATP
cell cycle
32. Anything takes up space and has mass
diffusion
point mutation
matter
aqueous solution
33. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole
phagocytosis
carbonyl groups
base
concentration gradient
34. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.
G1 phase
macromolecule
sporophyte
chloroplasts
35. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.
atom
isotonic
F1 generation
pleiotropy
36. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
missense mutations
substrate
metastasis
37. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.
anion
ribosomes
F1 generation
asexual reproduction
38. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
nucleoid
cytoskeleton
ultra centrifuges
proton
39. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule
Peripheral proteins
transcription unit
gametophyte
electrogenic pump
40. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible
carboxyl group
monomer
cation
cell wall
41. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.
base
chlorophyll
glycolysis
chromatin
42. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form
centrosome
lactid acid fermentation
reaction center
heat
43. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients
alternation of generations
noncompetitive inhibitor
amniocentesis
facilitated diffusion
44. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.
introns
steroids
polyribosomes
sister chromatids
45. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides
nuclease
replication fork
incomplete dominance
electronegativity
46. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.
electrogenic pump
peroxisomes
chlorophyll
condensation reaction
47. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.
osmoregulation
cystic fibrosis
leading strand
cytoplasm
48. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.
polymer
chloroplast
electron transport chain
polyploidy
49. Collagen most abundant in animal cells
benign tumor
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
cholesterol
macromolecule
50. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.
mitotoic phase
asexual reproduction
insertion
wavelength