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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A negatively charged ion






2. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






3. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts






4. A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.






5. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






6. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






7. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






8. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






9. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






10. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






11. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






12. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






13. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






14. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






15. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






16. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






17. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






18. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






19. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






20. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






21. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






22. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






23. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.






24. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






25. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






26. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






27. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






28. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






29. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






30. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






31. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.






32. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






33. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






34. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






35. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






36. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






37. Having an affinity to water






38. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






39. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






40. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






41. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






42. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






43. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






44. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.






45. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






46. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






47. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






48. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






49. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






50. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.







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