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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






2. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






3. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.






4. Dissolving agent of a solution






5. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






6. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






7. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






8. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






9. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






10. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






11. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






12. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






13. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






14. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






15. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






16. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






17. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






18. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






19. A functional group important in energy transfer.






20. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






21. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






22. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts






23. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






24. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






25. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






26. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






27. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid






28. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






29. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






30. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






31. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






32. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






33. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






34. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






35. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






36. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.






37. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.






38. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






39. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






40. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






41. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes






42. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






43. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






44. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






45. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






46. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






47. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






48. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






49. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells






50. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.