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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond
disaccharides
pinocytosis
chromatin
hydrogen bond
2. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl
osmosis
tumor
nucleus
transfer RNA
3. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus
golgi apparatus
NADP+
gated channels
endergonic reaction
4. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration
glycolysis
haploid cells
linkage map
proton pump
5. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.
polysaccharides
carboxyl group
flagella
C4 plants
6. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
DNA
calvin cycle
tetrad
golgi apparatus
7. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.
binary fission
saturated fatty acid
CAM
disaccharides
8. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.
binary fission
recessive allele
monosaccharides
interphase
9. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
pinocytosis
mitochondria
gametes
photophosphorylation
10. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.
pyrimidines
phospholipid
bacteriophage
denaturation
11. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
meiosis
element
cytokenisis
phagocytosis
12. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
transcription
osmosis
carotenoids
lactid acid fermentation
13. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.
phagocytosis
active site
primary transcript
photophosphorylation
14. A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
metaphase
origins replication
prokaryotic cell
nuclease
15. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.
transformation
deletion
phospholipids
cellulose
16. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.
domains
genetic recombination
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
buffers
17. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid
polyploidy
gametes
tight junctions
somatic cell
18. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
mutagens
element
karyotype
mitotic spindle
19. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell
pinocytosis
anaphase
barr body
active transport
20. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.
density dependent inhibitor
hemophilia
frameshift mutation
wavelength
21. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
homozygous
chromatin
gametes
peptide bond
22. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells
gap junctions
faculative anaerobes
introns
mitochondria
23. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules
peptide bond
RNA
CAM
diffusion
24. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.
entropy
free energy
chlorophyll A
anaerobic
25. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.
actin
isomers
1st law of thermodynamics
karyotype
26. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site
metastasis
mRNA
RNA
fluid mosaic model
27. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole
sister chromatids
base pair substitution
phagocytosis
gated channels
28. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.
spliceosome
carotenoids
RNA processing
somatic cell
29. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).
primary electron acceptor
allosteric site
plastids
template strand
30. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.
triplet code
allosteric site
nuclear envelope
flagella
31. A heritable feature.
Integral proteins
electrogenic pumps
intermediate filaments
character
32. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body
smooth ER
fatty acid
alcohol fermentation
gametophyte
33. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Rough ER
genetics
fluid mosaic model
cell plate
34. A negatively charged ion
enantiomers
mitochondria
amphipathic molecules
anion
35. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.
endocytosis
growth factor
chlorophyll B
bound ribosomes
36. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.
ATP
ligands
Cell-cell recognition
intermediate filaments
37. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.
malignant tumor
meiosis
electrochemical gradient
fluid mosaic model
38. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.
monomer
fluid mosaic model
RNA polymerase
hydrogen bond
39. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
cohesion
chromosomes
phospholipid
aldehyde
40. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids
pleiotropy
codons
translation
synapsis
41. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.
gated channels
peptide bond
nuclear envelope
beta oxidation
42. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits
ribosomes
duchenne muscular dystropy
proton motive force
anticodon
43. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.
promoter
flagella
capsid
energy coupling
44. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
incomplete dominance
heredity
chromosomes
phagocytosis
45. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and
frameshift mutation
terminator
transport proteins
polyribosomes
46. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production
pinocytosis
metaphase
rough ER
hydrophilic
47. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.
visible light
linked genes
capsid
osmoregulation
48. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.
competitive inhibitor
cytoskeleton
prometaphase
lactid acid fermentation
49. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
acid precipitation
life cycle
amniocentesis
cystic fibrosis
50. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.
RNA splicing
polymer
cleavage
integral proteins