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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






2. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






3. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






4. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






5. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






6. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






7. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






8. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






9. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






10. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






11. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






12. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






13. A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three - resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.






14. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






15. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






16. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






17. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






18. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






19. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






20. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass






21. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






22. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






23. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






24. An individual with the normal phenotype.






25. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






26. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






27. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






28. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






29. A heritable feature.






30. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






31. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






32. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






33. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






34. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






35. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






36. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






37. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






38. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive






39. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






40. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






41. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






42. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






43. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






44. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






45. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






46. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






47. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






48. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






49. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






50. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.







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