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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
passive transport
phagocytosis
mRNA
monosaccharides
2. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis
glycolysis
polysaccharides
amniocentesis
grana
3. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.
endergonic reaction
freeze-fracture
aerobic
C4 plants
4. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.
substrate
glycoproteins
recessive allele
mesophyll cell
5. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
meiosis
collagen
mRNA
surface tension
6. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential
proton pump
cell plate
stroma
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
7. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car
photorespiration
passive transport
thylakoids
absorption spectrum
8. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.
hydrogen bond
chlorophyll
primary transcript
inversion
9. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter
aqueous solution
osmosis
reduction
neutron
10. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.
ribosomal RNA
autotrophs
polysaccharides
osmosis
11. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.
base pair substitution
quantitive characters
RNA processing
starch
12. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.
polyploidy
chloroplasts
cell wall
duplication
13. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.
pinocytosis
haploid cells
frameshift mutation
matter
14. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.
fat
heat
RNA
bacteriophage
15. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds
metastasis
cohesion
cytological maps
gametophyte
16. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.
monosaccharides
aqueous solution
activation energy
lactid acid fermentation
17. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
light reactions
Rough ER
prometaphase
concentration gradient
18. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.
cyclic electron flow
cellulose
ultra centrifuges
nucleoid
19. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.
allosteric site
life cycle
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
redox reactions
20. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
Integral proteins
phenotype
enantiomers
21. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes
RNA processing
pinocytosis
nucleolus
desmosome
22. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome
temperature
protein
carbonyl groups
binary fission
23. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.
diploid cells
meiosis
electrochemical gradient
chromosome theory of inheritance
24. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.
sickle cell anemia
geometric isomers
point mutation
lysosomes
25. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
functional groups
electromagnetic spectrum
ribosomes
starch
26. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs
covalent bonds
G2 phase
Rough ER
ribosomal RNA
27. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.
malignant tumor
cell cycle control system
aldehyde
template strand
28. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.
NADP+
noncyclic electron flow
polygenic inheritance
Cell-cell recognition
29. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria
induced fit
concentration gradient
peroxisomes
chlorophyll B
30. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
chromosomes
phagocytosis
structural isomers
organelles
31. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins
condensation reaction
Peripheral proteins
anaerobic
visible light
32. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.
steroids
energy coupling
turgid (firm)
replication fork
33. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible
microtubules
peroxisome
F2 generation
cell wall
34. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
cotransport
energy coupling
element
endergonic reaction
35. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.
helicase
smooth ER
hypertonic
genes
36. A characteristic
trait
F2 generation
nucleus
mismatch repair
37. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis
isotonic
cytokenisis
energy coupling
hydrocarbons
38. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
electronegativity
pinocytosis
reaction center
chromosomes
39. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
cell plate
starch
neutron
heterotrophs
40. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.
punnett square
linkage map
aquaporins(water channel)
prokaryotic cell
41. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.
parental types
cystic fibrosis
cyclic photophosphorylation
insertion
42. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.
flaccid (limp)
microtubules
lactid acid fermentation
endocytosis
43. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.
cell wall
primer
cystic fibrosis
adhesion
44. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.
cell cycle control system
hybridization
wavelength
glycosidic linkage
45. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.
isomers
S phase
primary transcript
active transport
46. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
visible light
electromagnetic spectrum
specific heat
47. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.
transport vesicles
voltage
polyploidy
genes
48. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom
neutron
mRNA
chromatin
compound
49. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.
aqueous solution
chromosomes
compound
cell fractionation
50. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
tonoplast
pH
photophosphorylation
leading strand