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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






2. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.






3. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






4. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






5. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






6. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






7. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






8. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






9. The genetic makeup of an organism






10. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts






11. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






12. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.






13. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






14. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






15. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






16. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






17. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






18. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






19. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.






20. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






21. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






22. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






23. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






24. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






25. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






26. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






27. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






28. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






29. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






30. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






31. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






32. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.






33. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






34. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






35. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






36. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






37. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






38. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.






39. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






40. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






41. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






42. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






43. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






44. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






45. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






46. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






47. A negatively charged ion






48. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






49. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






50. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges







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