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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.
fluid mosaic model
phosphate group
smooth ER
cation
2. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases
gametophyte
density dependent inhibitor
lactid acid fermentation
stroma
3. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.
endoplasmic reticulum
thermodynamics
nuclear envelope
anaphase
4. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
isomers
DNA
RNA splicing
chromatin
5. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter
promoter
osmosis
condensation reaction
pH
6. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
sister chromatids
Rough ER
anaphase
Cell-cell recognition
7. Organizing the structures and activities of cells
intermediate filaments
cation
cytoskeleton
missense mutations
8. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
catalyst
parental types
heterozygous
endergonic reaction
9. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.
functional groups
transport vesicles
aqueous solution
nondisjunction
10. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids
electrochemical gradient
centromere
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
meiosis
11. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.
functions of the proteins
asexual reproduction
dominant allele
base
12. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid
binary fission
diffusion
pinocytosis
protein
13. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.
cytokenisis
flagella
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
density dependent inhibitor
14. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
primer
aldehyde
phospholipids
osmosis
15. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.
law of segregration
fat
buffers
pyrimidines
16. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.
proton motive force
protein
temperature
electrogenic pump
17. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
active transport
nuclear envelope
introns
oxidation
18. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole
cotransport
golgi apparatus
hypertonic
amniocentesis
19. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.
capsid
synapsis
law of independent assortment
matter
20. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.
cytoskeleton
duchenne muscular dystropy
electromagnetic spectrum
telophase
21. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole
structural isomers
phagocytosis
C4 plants
punnett square
22. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.
electrogenic pumps
flaccid (limp)
acid
codominance
23. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
coenzyme
phagocytosis
temperature
saturated fatty acid
24. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.
RNA polymerase
exocytosis
heat
protein
25. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
concentration gradient
cytosol
pinocytosis
polygenic inheritance
26. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.
recessive allele
alcohol fermentation
activation energy
meiosis
27. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.
faculative anaerobes
glycosidic linkage
deletion
diffusion
28. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus
duchenne muscular dystropy
trisomic
gated channels
cystic fibrosis
29. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20
insertion
dominant allele
chloroplast
faculative anaerobes
30. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.
microfilaments
deletion
anticodon
trait
31. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this
Cell-cell recognition
hydrocarbons
spliceosome
smooth ER
32. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.
electron transport chain
transfer RNA
feedback inhibition
kinetochore
33. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.
chemical bonds
gametophyte
central vacuole
primary electron acceptor
34. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.
functional groups
carotenoids
pedigree
active site
35. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.
alcohol fermentation
missense mutations
chlorophyll
amino acid
36. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.
sporophyte
metastasis
primary transcript
entropy
37. A negatively charged ion
deletion
diploid cells
smooth ER
anion
38. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.
actin
cristae (plural - cristae)
polygenic inheritance
helicase
39. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).
aquaporins(water channel)
organic chemistry
krebs Cycle
exergonic reaction
40. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.
glycoproteins
tumor
crossing over
chlorophyll A
41. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin
chemical bonds
benign tumor
complete dominance
electrochemical gradient
42. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
translation
metaphase
energy coupling
43. A substance that is dissolved in a solution
solute
somatic cell
cilia
wavelength
44. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.
heterotrophs
chromosomes
sexual reproduction
smooth ER
45. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
smooth ER
starch
noncompetitive inhibitor
telophase
46. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.
cristae (plural - cristae)
cotransport
G2 phase
facilitated diffusion
47. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.
punnett square
homozygous
noncompetitive inhibitor
cation
48. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.
stroma
carboxyl group
prokaryotic cell
autotrophs
49. Collagen most abundant in animal cells
calvin cycle
ketone
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
ATP
50. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration
P. generation
electrogenic pump
exergonic reaction
glycolysis