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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






2. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






3. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






4. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






5. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment






6. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






7. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






8. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.






9. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






10. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






11. Differences between members of the same species.






12. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






13. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






14. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






15. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.






16. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






17. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






18. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






19. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






20. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a






21. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






22. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






23. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






24. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






25. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






26. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






27. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.






28. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






29. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






30. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.






31. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






32. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






33. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






34. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






35. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






36. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






37. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






38. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






39. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






40. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






41. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






42. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






43. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






44. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






45. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






46. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






47. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.






48. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






49. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






50. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.