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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






2. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






3. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






4. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






5. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






6. A heritable feature.






7. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






8. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






9. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






10. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






11. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






12. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.






13. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






14. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






15. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






16. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






17. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






18. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






19. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






20. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






21. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






22. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment






23. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






24. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






25. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






26. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






27. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






28. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






29. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






30. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






31. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






32. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






33. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






34. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






35. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






36. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






37. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse






38. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






39. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






40. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






41. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






42. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






43. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






44. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






45. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






46. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






47. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






48. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






49. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






50. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.