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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.
cytological maps
RNA splicing
lagging strand
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
2. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car
frameshift mutation
trait
nucleolus
photorespiration
3. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles
nuclear envelope
C4 plants
chromosome theory of inheritance
visible light
4. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes
wavelength
endoplasmic reticulum
neutron
genotype
5. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.
lysosomes
purines
cellulose
ligands
6. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.
complete dominance
chromatin
cell cycle control system
parental types
7. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.
recessive allele
purines
grana
buffers
8. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.
stroma
endocytosis
aerobic
asexual reproduction
9. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
ligands
denaturation
trans face
cyclic electron flow
10. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
aldehyde
chiasmata
karyotype
meiosis
11. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.
gated channels
tonoplast
receptor mediated endocytosis
1st law of thermodynamics
12. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
polyribosomes
buffers
flagella
valence electrons
13. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
hydrogen bond
noncompetitive inhibitor
Integral proteins
golgi apparatus
14. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.
tonoplast
krebs Cycle
sickle cell anemia
mitotic spindle
15. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.
trans face
duchenne muscular dystropy
cyclin
replication fork
16. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.
cholesterol
leading strand
synapsis
cotransport
17. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse
oxidation
density dependent inhibitor
replication fork
mitosis
18. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help
flaccid (limp)
mitochondria
peptide bond
hydrolysis
19. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.
photophosphorylation
sister chromatids
active transport
P. generation
20. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.
electromagnetic spectrum
polyploidy
golgi apparatus
density dependent inhibitor
21. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.
photon
coenzyme
reduction
S phase
22. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.
inversion
electrochemical gradient
phenotype
turgid (firm)
23. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.
denaturation
covalent bonds
passive transport
plasma membrane
24. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.
life cycle
chromosomes
peripheral proteins
peroxisome
25. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.
translation
monosomic
polysaccharides
ribosomes
26. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways
codominance
Peripheral proteins
concentration gradient
chlorophyll B
27. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.
F2 generation
complete dominance
replication fork
anaphase
28. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
lysosomes
entropy
ultra centrifuges
saturated fatty acid
29. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins
sodium potassium pump
chromosomes
kinetochore
chemical bonds
30. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.
DNA
bound ribosomes
base pair substitution
sexual reproduction
31. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
chiasmata
pleiotropy
plasma membrane
meiosis
32. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.
catalyst
energy coupling
golgi apparatus
bacteriophage
33. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.
sickle cell anemia
base pair substitution
inversion
lysosomes
34. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.
faculative anaerobes
collagen
anion
true breeding
35. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
anaphase
chromosome theory of inheritance
matter
double helix
36. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.
gated channels
action spectrum
double helix
polysaccharides
37. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive
G1 phase
cyclic electron flow
chromosomes
polar covalent bonds
38. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
alcohol fermentation
lagging strand
phagocytosis
carbonyl groups
39. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.
structural isomers
food vacuoles
chromosomes
specific heat
40. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release
CAM
light reactions
chromosomes
telophase
41. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential
genetics
transcription unit
proton pump
chloroplasts
42. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr
ATP synthase
valence electrons
endoplasmic reticulum
cytoskeleton
43. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
desmosome
acid
tonoplast
monohybrids
44. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.
somatic cell
monomer
replication fork
bacteriophage
45. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs
G1 phase
cytoskeleton
smooth ER
leading strand
46. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina
aerobic
amino group
intermediate filaments
exons
47. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
hydrocarbons
genotype
benign tumor
kinetochore
48. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.
chlorophyll B
light reactions
monosomic
centrioles
49. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
chromatin
polymer
calvin cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
50. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell
lysosomes
anaphase
microfilaments
sister chromatids