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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell
isotonic
anaphase
cleavage
variation
2. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.
organelles
cofactor
mitochondria
Cell-cell recognition
3. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.
peroxisomes
nucleolus
ATP
kinetochore
4. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
photosystem I
fatty acid
contractile vacuoles
5. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.
cotransport
wild type
coenzyme
malignant tumor
6. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.
peroxisome
homologous chromosomes
malignant tumor
chromosomes
7. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.
nondisjunction
diffusion
trans face
cytological maps
8. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible
structural isomers
fluid mosaic model
cell wall
cytokenisis
9. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).
gap junctions
functions of the proteins
telomeres
aquaporins(water channel)
10. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
codons
base
flaccid (limp)
starch
11. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules
diffusion
hypotonic
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
asexual reproduction
12. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.
chemical bonds
cellulose
barr body
contractile vacuoles
13. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
lysosomes
viral envelope
DNA
deletion
14. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.
malignant tumor
element
polyribosomes
polysaccharides
15. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.
beta oxidation
chromosomes
amniocentesis
competitive inhibitor
16. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons
inversion
food vacuoles
C4 plants
covalent bonds
17. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.
passive transport
2nd law of thermodynamics
bound ribosomes
receptor mediated endocytosis
18. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin
coenzyme
carbonyl groups
base pair substitution
benign tumor
19. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
chromosomes
microtubules
photosystem I
sex chromosomes
20. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a
buffers
hypertonic
clone
oxidation
21. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of
isotopes
electron microscope
alcohol fermentation
spectrophotometer
22. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.
lagging strand
isomers
heredity
replication fork
23. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair
point mutation
hypertonic
lactid acid fermentation
energy coupling
24. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases
proton
heterozygous
cohesion
cell cycle
25. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.
receptor mediated endocytosis
law of independent assortment
chromatin
heterozygous
26. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.
bundle sheath cell
transcription
sporophyte
cytoplasm
27. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
covalent bonds
CAM
hydroxyl groups
sickle cell anemia
28. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
fluid mosaic model
double helix
hypotonic
gametes
29. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.
competitive inhibitor
element
cell cycle control system
polygenic inheritance
30. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.
flagella
dominant allele
cilia
ribosomal RNA
31. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
nucleus
hydrocarbons
chemical bonds
phagocytosis
32. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
starch
acid
reaction center
proton pump
33. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.
viral envelope
wild type
nucleus
freeze-fracture
34. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.
G2 phase
primary electron acceptor
capsid
transport vesicles
35. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.
triplet code
purines
oxidizing agent
duplication
36. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.
calvin cycle
condensation reaction
organelles
hemophilia
37. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.
heterotrophs
base pair substitution
gametes
electronegativity
38. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.
steroids
denaturation
ATP synthase
noncyclic electron flow
39. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy
temperature
malignant tumor
sulfhydryl group
nucleoid
40. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
anticodon
variation
primary transcript
enantiomers
41. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.
competitive inhibitor
cholesterol
wavelength
organelles
42. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.
concentration gradient
leading strand
NADP+
noncompetitive inhibitor
43. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.
RNA splicing
F1 generation
phosphate group
somatic cell
44. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement
fermentation
insertion
desmosome
microtubules
45. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.
heat
ribosomes
carboxyl group
flagella
46. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis
primer
cytokenisis
freeze-fracture
dominant allele
47. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
phospholipids
electron microscope
saturated fatty acid
electrochemical gradient
48. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.
activation energy
nucleic acid
macromolecule
meiosis
49. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
mutagens
lysosomes
replication fork
competitive inhibitor
50. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts
punnett square
transfer RNA
beta (B) pleated sheet
trace elements