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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
food vacuoles
spliceosome
electronegativity
lactid acid fermentation
2. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
gated channels
turgid (firm)
stroma
polyploidy
3. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.
genome
RNA
nuclear lamina
sex linked genes
4. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for
active transport
proton pump
free energy
sodium potassium pump
5. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
electron transport chain
matter
neutron
mRNA
6. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.
osmosis
telomeres
nucleic acid
anaphase
7. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)
sister chromatids
lysosomes
hydrolysis
transcription unit
8. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
mutagens
NADP+
linked genes
starch
9. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients
facilitated diffusion
phosphate group
specific heat
clone
10. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle
chromosomes
cell cycle control system
photophosphorylation
actin
11. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.
genome
mutagens
complete dominance
electrochemical gradient
12. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
monosomic
peptide bond
leading strand
carboxyl group
13. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.
domains
mitotoic phase
cofactor
monosomic
14. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
element
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
tumor
substrate
15. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body
smooth ER
rough ER
cyclic photophosphorylation
cytoskeleton
16. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.
chlorophyll
trans face
RNA splicing
cyclic photophosphorylation
17. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.
chromatin
mitosis
active site
valence electrons
18. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.
transformation
beta (B) pleated sheet
receptor mediated endocytosis
acid
19. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.
pH
heterozygous
glycosidic linkage
capsid
20. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.
inversion
carbohydrates
lysosomes
1st law of thermodynamics
21. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome
spectrophotometer
cytoplasm
tight junctions
binary fission
22. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact
prophase
DNA
gametes
cis face
23. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction
triplet code
microfilaments
ketone
tetrad
24. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.
autotrophs
mitosis
trace elements
activation energy
25. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases
cell fractionation
cell cycle
chromosomes
electron microscope
26. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).
contractile vacuoles
wavelength
carbohydrates
glycoproteins
27. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).
viral envelope
cytological maps
haploid cells
duplication
28. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs
heterozygous
mitochondria
contractile vacuoles
G2 phase
29. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.
phagocytosis
heredity
absorption spectrum
carbohydrates
30. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car
photorespiration
cell plate
visible light
cytological maps
31. A heritable feature.
character
monosomic
cytokenisis
plasmolysis
32. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.
pH
lagging strand
hybridization
carbonyl groups
33. The electron donor in a redox reaction.
electron transport chain
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
reducing agent
aldehyde
34. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.
tetrad
golgi apparatus
cytological maps
ketone
35. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy
exergonic reaction
prokaryotic cell
beta oxidation
peripheral proteins
36. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts
spectrophotometer
chlorophyll
quantitive characters
trace elements
37. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.
cellulose
proton motive force
ATP
insertion
38. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins
Peripheral proteins
ribosomal RNA
nucleus
golgi apparatus
39. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
ketone
life cycle
surface tension
Acetyl CoA
40. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism
law of segregration
competitive inhibitor
NaD+
recessive allele
41. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.
desmosome
Oxidative Phosphorylation
mitosis
aqueous solution
42. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
condensation reaction
base
hybridization
osmosis
43. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.
CAM
telomeres
anticodon
photosystem II
44. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
law of segregration
flaccid (limp)
transformation
homozygous
45. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
leading strand
cholesterol
endoplasmic reticulum
anion
46. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.
metastasis
centromere
hydroxyl groups
electrogenic pump
47. A characteristic
plastids
chromatin
monosaccharides
trait
48. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of
transcription
barr body
glycolysis
electron microscope
49. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.
domains
integral proteins
quantitive characters
frameshift mutation
50. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.
functional groups
codons
cell division
cellulose