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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.
transfer RNA
cyclic photophosphorylation
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
phenotype
2. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.
noncyclic phosphorylation
acid precipitation
deletion
Acetyl CoA
3. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
mitochondria
ATP
glycogen
glycolysis
4. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.
linkage map
aquaporins(water channel)
bundle sheath cell
polygenic inheritance
5. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.
gametes
character
ketone
solvent
6. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
energy coupling
sporophyte
acid
light reactions
7. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.
gated channels
starch
autotrophs
cytoplasm
8. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.
ribosomal RNA
transformation
heterozygous
G2 phase
9. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
protein
domains
catalyst
alcohol fermentation
10. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis
amniocentesis
ribosomes
redox reactions
golgi apparatus
11. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.
cytoskeleton
hypotonic
activation energy
peroxisome
12. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
smooth ER
plasma membrane
covalent bonds
aquaporins(water channel)
13. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.
proton pump
dominant allele
electromagnetic spectrum
asexual reproduction
14. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
phospholipids
chromatin
kinetochore
proton motive force
15. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
growth factor
surface tension
2nd law of thermodynamics
starch
16. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
heat
unsaturated fatty acid
monosomic
photophosphorylation
17. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
frameshift mutation
peroxisome
microfilaments
life cycle
18. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis
peroxisome
ATP synthase
malignant tumor
cytokenisis
19. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.
substrate
polyploidy
competitive inhibitor
meiosis
20. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car
absorption spectrum
glycolysis
Oxidative Phosphorylation
photorespiration
21. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.
transformation
nucleolus
peptide bond
meiosis
22. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
DNA
cell cycle
free ribosomes
G2 phase
23. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.
chloroplast
amino acid
entropy
frameshift mutation
24. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.
hydrolysis
ultra centrifuges
macromolecule
surface tension
25. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).
plasma membrane
primary electron acceptor
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
nucleus
26. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.
disaccharides
active site
RNA
ultra centrifuges
27. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.
autotrophs
cholesterol
reducing agent
synapsis
28. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.
amniocentesis
phenotype
polar covalent bonds
genetic recombination
29. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form
heat
monohybrids
photon
substrate
30. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells
beta oxidation
growth factor
transport vesicles
true breeding
31. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps
ultra centrifuges
aerobic
neutron
electrogenic pumps
32. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this
cell cycle control system
2nd law of thermodynamics
Cell-cell recognition
endergonic reaction
33. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.
gated channels
codons
absorption spectrum
glycoproteins
34. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.
glycoproteins
1st law of thermodynamics
chemical bonds
cell division
35. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.
food vacuoles
entropy
NaD+
character
36. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap
chromosome theory of inheritance
ultra centrifuges
receptor mediated endocytosis
tonoplast
37. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis
visible light
reduction
prometaphase
mitotoic phase
38. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.
trans face
chromatin
allosteric site
monosaccharides
39. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.
pedigree
genetics
chromosomes
sickle cell anemia
40. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
complete dominance
sex linked genes
pinocytosis
homozygous
41. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.
bundle sheath cell
polyploidy
homologous chromosomes
sulfhydryl group
42. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.
mismatch repair
steroids
polysaccharides
light reactions
43. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.
chromosomes
prometaphase
primary transcript
centrosome
44. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair
reduction
ketone
photorespiration
point mutation
45. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.
competitive inhibitor
hypertonic
true breeding
trans face
46. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.
DNA ligase
ribosomal RNA
reaction center
central vacuole
47. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.
mitotic spindle
peptide bond
nondisjunction
aquaporins(water channel)
48. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.
haploid cells
bound ribosomes
true breeding
replication fork
49. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.
endoplasmic reticulum
metaphase
visible light
free ribosomes
50. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.
duplication
chlorophyll A
concentration gradient
synapsis