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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






2. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






3. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






4. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






5. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






6. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






7. An individual with the normal phenotype.






8. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






9. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






10. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






11. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






12. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






13. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






14. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






15. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






16. A solution in which water is the solvent






17. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






18. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






19. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






20. Anything takes up space and has mass






21. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






22. The genetic makeup of an organism






23. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






24. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.






25. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






26. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






27. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






28. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






29. A functional group important in energy transfer.






30. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






31. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






32. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






33. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






34. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






35. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






36. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






37. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






38. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






39. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






40. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.






41. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






42. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






43. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






44. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






45. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






46. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






47. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






48. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






49. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






50. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.







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