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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






2. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






3. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






4. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






5. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






6. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






7. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






8. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






9. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






10. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






11. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






12. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






13. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






14. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






15. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






16. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.






17. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






18. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






19. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






20. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.






21. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






22. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






23. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.






24. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






25. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






26. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






27. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.






28. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






29. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






30. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell






31. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






32. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






33. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






34. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






35. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.






36. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






37. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






38. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






39. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






40. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.






41. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






42. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






43. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






44. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






45. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.






46. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






47. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






48. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.






49. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






50. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.