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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.
phagocytosis
frameshift mutation
osmoregulation
deletion
2. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism
cell cycle control system
NaD+
prophase
C3 plants
3. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.
noncompetitive inhibitor
facilitated diffusion
epistasis
sexual reproduction
4. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria
centrosome
concentration gradient
peroxisomes
incomplete dominance
5. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell
transformation
anaphase
functional groups
alcohol fermentation
6. Differences between members of the same species.
cellulose
plasmolysis
variation
phosphate group
7. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
anaphase
oxidation
photorespiration
primary transcript
8. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.
mRNA
proton pump
feedback inhibition
prometaphase
9. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.
glycosidic linkage
gated channels
nucleoid
primer
10. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons
beta (B) pleated sheet
G0 phase
covalent bonds
introns
11. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.
photosystem II
beta oxidation
F2 generation
base pair substitution
12. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
exocytosis
hydroxyl groups
element
leading strand
13. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction
phagocytosis
mitochondria
cohesion
microfilaments
14. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
cytoskeleton
pinocytosis
electrogenic pumps
faculative anaerobes
15. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
photophosphorylation
ribosomal RNA
plasma membrane
peptide bond
16. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)
concentration gradient
hypotonic
aqueous solution
bound ribosomes
17. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.
acid precipitation
lactid acid fermentation
fluid mosaic model
anaerobic
18. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.
genetics
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
transformation
19. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.
autotrophs
Cytochrome
fat
dehydration reaction
20. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
stroma
proton pump
NADP+
21. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.
monosaccharides
mitotic spindle
mitochondria
wild type
22. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle
beta oxidation
cell cycle control system
beta (B) pleated sheet
noncyclic electron flow
23. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
stroma
Peripheral proteins
exocytosis
buffers
24. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
mutagens
fluid mosaic model
meiosis
starch
25. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.
prokaryotic cell
cytoskeleton
domains
plasma membrane
26. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom
mutagens
plasmolysis
pinocytosis
proton
27. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis
mitotic spindle
pinocytosis
surface tension
solvent
28. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins
diffusion
duplication
action spectrum
facilitated diffusion
29. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.
homozygous
codominance
prophase
glycoproteins
30. An individual with the normal phenotype.
wild type
point mutation
cystic fibrosis
bound ribosomes
31. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.
punnett square
cell fractionation
linkage map
cytoskeleton
32. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).
mRNA
hydroxyl groups
plastids
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
33. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
mitosis
double helix
carotenoids
mRNA
34. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
RNA splicing
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
sulfhydryl group
concentration gradient
35. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.
nucleolus
fluid mosaic model
P. generation
phenotype
36. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.
food vacuoles
base pair substitution
denaturation
centrosome
37. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
plastids
chloroplasts
lysosomes
NADP+
38. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts
NADP+
double helix
trace elements
pyrimidines
39. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell
active site
cleavage
endergonic reaction
cytokenisis
40. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
ATP
genetics
fermentation
carotenoids
41. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.
functional groups
ligands
ribosomes
C3 plants
42. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment
tight junctions
food vacuoles
RNA polymerase
plasmolysis
43. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
trans face
primary transcript
electronegativity
cytological maps
44. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse
primary transcript
gated channels
mitosis
solute
45. Having an affinity to water
electrogenic pump
hydrolysis
heredity
hydrophilic
46. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).
solution
sulfhydryl group
sodium potassium pump
insertion
47. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.
oxidation
cofactor
diffusion
diffusion
48. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids
translation
heredity
adhesion
isotonic
49. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.
Acetyl CoA
heterotrophs
concentration gradient
aerobic
50. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.
starch
electrochemical gradient
carbonyl groups
grana