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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






2. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






3. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






4. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






5. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






6. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






7. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






8. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






9. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.






10. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






11. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.






12. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






13. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






14. Region where cells microtubules are initiated






15. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






16. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






17. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






18. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






19. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






20. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






21. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






22. An individual with the normal phenotype.






23. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






24. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






25. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






26. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






27. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom






28. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






29. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






30. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse






31. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.






32. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






33. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






34. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






35. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






36. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






37. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






38. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






39. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






40. A functional group important in energy transfer.






41. A negatively charged ion






42. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






43. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






44. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






45. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






46. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






47. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






48. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






49. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






50. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts