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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
helicase
cofactor
insertion
prokaryotic cell
2. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus
trans face
heterozygous
gated channels
epistasis
3. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)
solvent
1st law of thermodynamics
wavelength
bound ribosomes
4. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
noncyclic phosphorylation
nuclear envelope
proton pump
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
5. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
activation energy
phospholipids
mitotoic phase
photophosphorylation
6. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).
cytological maps
stroma
barr body
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
7. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.
law of segregration
gated channels
mitochondria
sporophyte
8. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
polymer
reaction center
character
functions of the proteins
9. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
stroma
endocytosis
acid
element
10. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.
P. generation
osmosis
inversion
energy coupling
11. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle
phagocytosis
cell cycle control system
pleiotropy
lactid acid fermentation
12. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.
duchenne muscular dystropy
diploid cells
nuclear lamina
reaction center
13. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.
aldehyde
amino group
hypertonic
sex chromosomes
14. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.
fatty acid
DNA
gated channels
transcription unit
15. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.
homologous chromosomes
extracellular matrix
telomeres
cytokenisis
16. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.
cofactor
transport vesicles
anaerobic
functional groups
17. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.
linkage map
compound
pedigree
lactid acid fermentation
18. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.
punnett square
sulfhydryl group
diffusion
induced fit
19. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.
cholesterol
Rough ER
aerobic
hydrocarbons
20. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.
specific heat
codominance
centrosome
electron microscope
21. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.
genetic recombination
epistasis
proton motive force
lagging strand
22. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells
phagocytosis
diffusion
contractile vacuoles
meiosis
23. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.
noncompetitive inhibitor
photosystem II
synapsis
enantiomers
24. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).
electron
meiosis
quantitive characters
phagocytosis
25. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids
wild type
karyotype
centromere
functions of the proteins
26. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
fertilization
photophosphorylation
facilitated diffusion
exocytosis
27. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site
chromatin
metastasis
tumor
metaphase
28. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
polar covalent bonds
alternation of generations
1st law of thermodynamics
mRNA
29. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
cyclin
grana
mRNA
genetics
30. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.
chromosomes
2nd law of thermodynamics
coenzyme
prometaphase
31. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid
tight junctions
electrochemical gradient
RNA
binary fission
32. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual
RNA
sex chromosomes
chloroplasts
nucleolus
33. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.
mitochondria
noncyclic phosphorylation
alcohol fermentation
inversion
34. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.
free energy
spectrophotometer
chromosomes
interphase
35. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.
extracellular matrix
chiasmata
proton motive force
polyribosomes
36. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy
hypotonic
exergonic reaction
genetics
oxidizing agent
37. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.
solute
deletion
competitive inhibitor
substrate
38. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction
osmoregulation
microfilaments
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
energy coupling
39. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion
passive transport
organic chemistry
fermentation
mitochondria
40. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell
homozygous
proton pump
tumor
disaccharides
41. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
RNA
exocytosis
buffers
Cytochrome
42. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.
contractile vacuoles
gametes
action spectrum
facilitated diffusion
43. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.
somatic cell
passive transport
entropy
osmosis
44. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).
covalent bonds
base
wild type
genes
45. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti
cyclin
G2 phase
linkage map
catalyst
46. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
oxidizing agent
pleiotropy
aqueous solution
gap junctions
47. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.
exons
phagocytosis
macromolecule
thylakoids
48. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.
cellulose
codominance
diploid cells
purines
49. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).
fluid mosaic model
phosphate group
carbohydrates
reaction center
50. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.
cell division
cellulose
aerobic
exons