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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.






2. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






3. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






4. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






5. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






6. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






7. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






8. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






9. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






10. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






11. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






12. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






13. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






14. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






15. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






16. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






17. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






18. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






19. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






20. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






21. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons






22. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






23. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






24. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






25. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






26. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






27. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






28. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






29. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






30. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






31. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






32. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






33. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.






34. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.






35. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






36. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






37. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






38. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






39. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






40. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






41. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






42. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






43. Having an affinity to water






44. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






45. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






46. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.






47. Reproduction of cells






48. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






49. Region where cells microtubules are initiated






50. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.







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