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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






2. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






3. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






4. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






5. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






6. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






7. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






8. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






9. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






10. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






11. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






12. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






13. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.






14. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






15. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






16. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






17. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






18. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






19. An individual with the normal phenotype.






20. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






21. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






22. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






23. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site






24. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






25. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






26. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






27. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






28. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






29. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






30. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






31. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






32. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






33. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






34. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






35. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells






36. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.






37. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.






38. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






39. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






40. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.






41. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






42. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






43. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






44. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






45. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






46. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






47. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






48. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






49. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






50. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.







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