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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th
RNA processing
concentration gradient
microtubules
spliceosome
2. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character
heterozygous
cellular respiration
spliceosome
cytoskeleton
3. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration
trace elements
glycolysis
RNA processing
barr body
4. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.
buffers
viral envelope
dominant allele
tetrad
5. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.
cation
lysosomes
cholesterol
primary electron acceptor
6. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.
F1 generation
DNA
monomer
sister chromatids
7. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.
endoplasmic reticulum
cytological maps
disaccharides
chromosomes
8. A substance that is dissolved in a solution
lactid acid fermentation
G1 phase
glycolysis
solute
9. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways
codominance
carbohydrates
2nd law of thermodynamics
carboxyl group
10. A solution in which water is the solvent
aqueous solution
aldehyde
Rough ER
introns
11. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
NADP+
kinetochore
polyribosomes
homologous chromosomes
12. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.
replication fork
gametes
hydrophobic
concentration gradient
13. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this
osmosis
polar covalent bonds
Cell-cell recognition
Acetyl CoA
14. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule
transcription unit
organic chemistry
intermediate filaments
cilia
15. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.
C3 plants
acid
wavelength
cotransport
16. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
photorespiration
anaerobic
exons
faculative anaerobes
17. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.
endoplasmic reticulum
calvin cycle
ligands
coenzyme
18. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen
cotransport
golgi apparatus
microtubules
carboxyl group
19. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole
crossing over
promoter
cell plate
phagocytosis
20. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.
ribosomes
mutagens
1st law of thermodynamics
genome
21. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons
spliceosome
covalent bonds
primer
tonoplast
22. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons
phosphate group
kinetochore
golgi apparatus
cation
23. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins
cilia
chromosomes
cell plate
plastids
24. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
actin
phagocytosis
tumor
organic chemistry
25. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
acid
mismatch repair
gametophyte
solution
26. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane
chromatin
phagocytosis
lysosomes
passive transport
27. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene
terminator
endoplasmic reticulum
recessive allele
covalent bonds
28. Collagen most abundant in animal cells
nucleus
aquaporins(water channel)
recessive allele
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
29. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.
codons
electron microscope
capsid
cytological maps
30. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically
bound ribosomes
leading strand
Rough ER
cyclin
31. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II
sister chromatids
base
prophase
chlorophyll A
32. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.
spliceosome
osmosis
chiasmata
noncyclic phosphorylation
33. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.
cystic fibrosis
chromosomes
homozygous
cotransport
34. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes
somatic cell
nucleolus
photon
primary electron acceptor
35. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
enantiomers
noncyclic electron flow
ribosomes
chlorophyll A
36. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.
transformation
density dependent inhibitor
solution
DNA ligase
37. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom
active site
proton
transport proteins
centromere
38. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.
mutagens
chromosome theory of inheritance
noncyclic electron flow
hypertonic
39. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.
cell division
phospholipid
aldehyde
transcription unit
40. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.
wild type
life cycle
entropy
thylakoids
41. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse
flagella
solution
chromatin
RNA
42. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.
phagocytosis
cell plate
bundle sheath cell
acid precipitation
43. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
meiosis
promoter
saturated fatty acid
karyotype
44. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
gametes
turgid (firm)
structural isomers
ketone
45. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid
nucleus
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
enantiomers
pinocytosis
46. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
telomeres
concentration gradient
cytoplasm
compound
47. The electron donor in a redox reaction.
origins replication
hydrogen bond
monosaccharides
reducing agent
48. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.
cohesion
osmosis
polysaccharides
nucleus
49. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside
phospholipids
membrane potential
haploid cells
cotransport
50. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.
cleavage
karyotype
plasma membrane
law of independent assortment