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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.






2. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






3. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






4. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






5. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






6. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






7. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






8. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






9. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






10. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






11. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






12. A heritable feature.






13. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






14. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






15. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






16. Reproduction of cells






17. An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. A monohybrid results from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles. For example - parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid genotype of Aa.






18. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






19. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec






20. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






21. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






22. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






23. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






24. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






25. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






26. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






27. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






28. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






29. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






30. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






31. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






32. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.






33. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






34. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






35. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






36. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






37. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






38. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






39. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






40. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






41. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






42. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.






43. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






44. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






45. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






46. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






47. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid






48. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






49. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






50. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts