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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






2. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.






3. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.






4. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






5. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.






6. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






7. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






8. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






9. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






10. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






11. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






12. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






13. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






14. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






15. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






16. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






17. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






18. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






19. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






20. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






21. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






22. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






23. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






24. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






25. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






26. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






27. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






28. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.






29. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






30. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells






31. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






32. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






33. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






34. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.






35. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






36. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






37. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






38. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






39. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






40. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






41. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






42. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






43. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






44. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






45. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






46. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






47. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






48. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.






49. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






50. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.