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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






2. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






3. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






4. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






5. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






6. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






7. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec






8. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






9. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






10. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






11. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






12. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






13. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






14. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






15. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






16. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






17. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






18. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






19. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






20. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






21. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.






22. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






23. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






24. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






25. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






26. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






27. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid






28. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






29. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






30. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






31. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






32. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






33. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






34. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






35. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






36. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






37. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






38. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






39. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






40. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






41. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






42. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






43. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






44. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






45. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






46. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






47. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






48. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






49. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






50. A heritable feature.