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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






2. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






3. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






4. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






5. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






6. A solution in which water is the solvent






7. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






8. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






9. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






10. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






11. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






12. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






13. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






14. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






15. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






16. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






17. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






18. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






19. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






20. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






21. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






22. A negatively charged ion






23. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.






24. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






25. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






26. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






27. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






28. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






29. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






30. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






31. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






32. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






33. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






34. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






35. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






36. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






37. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






38. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






39. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






40. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






41. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






42. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






43. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






44. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






45. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.






46. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






47. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






48. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.






49. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






50. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.







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