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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






2. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






3. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






4. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






5. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






6. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






7. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






8. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






9. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






10. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






11. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






12. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.






13. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






14. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






15. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






16. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.






17. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






18. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






19. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






20. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






21. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






22. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






23. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






24. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






25. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






26. Differences between members of the same species.






27. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






28. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






29. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






30. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






31. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






32. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






33. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






34. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






35. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






36. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






37. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






38. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






39. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






40. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






41. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






42. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






43. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






44. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






45. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






46. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






47. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






48. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






49. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






50. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis