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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






2. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






3. Differences between members of the same species.






4. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






5. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






6. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






7. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the






8. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






9. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.






10. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






11. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






12. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






13. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






14. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






15. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell






16. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






17. A functional group important in energy transfer.






18. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






19. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






20. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.






21. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






22. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






23. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






24. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






25. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






26. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






27. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a






28. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






29. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






30. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole






31. A gene located on a sex chromosome.






32. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






33. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






34. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






35. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






36. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






37. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






38. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






39. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






40. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






41. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






42. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






43. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






44. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






45. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






46. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






47. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






48. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






49. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






50. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse