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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






2. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






3. Reproduction of cells






4. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






5. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






6. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






7. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.






8. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






9. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






10. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






11. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






12. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






13. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






14. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






15. Anything takes up space and has mass






16. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






17. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






18. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






19. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.






20. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






21. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






22. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






23. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






24. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






25. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






26. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






27. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






28. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






29. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






30. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






31. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






32. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






33. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






34. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






35. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






36. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






37. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






38. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






39. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






40. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






41. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






42. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






43. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






44. A characteristic






45. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






46. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid






47. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






48. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec






49. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






50. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.