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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






2. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






3. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






4. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






5. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






6. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






7. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






8. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






9. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






10. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






11. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






12. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






13. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






14. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






15. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






16. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






17. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






18. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






19. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






20. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






21. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






22. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






23. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






24. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






25. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.






26. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






27. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






28. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






29. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






30. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






31. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.






32. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






33. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






34. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.






35. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






36. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






37. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






38. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.






39. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






40. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec






41. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






42. Having an affinity to water






43. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






44. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






45. A characteristic






46. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






47. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






48. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






49. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






50. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.