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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.
neutron
coenzyme
polyribosomes
Integral proteins
2. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.
cholesterol
cyclic electron flow
protein
homozygous
3. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.
receptor mediated endocytosis
diploid cells
promoter
heat
4. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.
substrate
entropy
complete dominance
cilia
5. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen
chemical bonds
cotransport
wavelength
ATP synthase
6. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule
genetic recombination
transcription unit
electron transport chain
crossing over
7. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.
point mutation
exergonic reaction
golgi apparatus
desmosome
8. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.
mRNA
punnett square
hypertonic
functional groups
9. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of
DNA ligase
heterotrophs
viral envelope
electron microscope
10. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o
activation energy
sister chromatids
functions of the proteins
dominant allele
11. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.
isotonic
chlorophyll A
organic chemistry
electrochemical gradient
12. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
pleiotropy
gametes
lysosomes
centrioles
13. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.
chromosome theory of inheritance
somatic cell
ketone
thermodynamics
14. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.
electrogenic pump
steroids
DNA
genetic recombination
15. Reproduction of cells
cell division
beta (B) pleated sheet
monosomic
food vacuoles
16. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).
duchenne muscular dystropy
quantitive characters
codominance
cellular respiration
17. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).
prophase
linkage map
neutron
haploid cells
18. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle
nucleolus
monohybrids
cell cycle control system
centrioles
19. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.
insertion
plasma membrane
codominance
passive transport
20. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter
cristae (plural - cristae)
sex chromosomes
osmosis
ultra centrifuges
21. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.
metastasis
ribosomes
telophase
missense mutations
22. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.
photophosphorylation
specific heat
RNA polymerase
amniocentesis
23. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.
asexual reproduction
metaphase
inversion
endoplasmic reticulum
24. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
stroma
sulfhydryl group
noncyclic electron flow
gametes
25. The reactant on which an enzyme works
RNA
substrate
nucleoid
food vacuoles
26. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.
nondisjunction
catalyst
cystic fibrosis
lactid acid fermentation
27. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.
cellulose
mitotoic phase
heterotrophs
lysosomes
28. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin
benign tumor
cotransport
mitochondria
active transport
29. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse
nucleic acid
microtubules
RNA
replication fork
30. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction
peptide bond
chromosomes
electron microscope
bacteriophage
31. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help
mitochondria
replication fork
epistasis
quantitive characters
32. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.
neutron
light reactions
primary transcript
meiosis
33. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.
valence electrons
chromosomes
barr body
acid precipitation
34. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids
ATP synthase
translation
covalent bonds
voltage
35. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
linked genes
NaD+
exocytosis
Rough ER
36. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts
chlorophyll A
trace elements
lysosomes
transformation
37. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote
homologous chromosomes
punnett square
gametes
capsid
38. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.
synapsis
pH
oxidation
DNA
39. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.
origins replication
cytokenisis
organelles
chloroplasts
40. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.
transport proteins
inversion
lysosomes
centrosome
41. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water
sexual reproduction
F1 generation
hydrophobic
cell plate
42. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion
base pair substitution
passive transport
hydrolysis
free ribosomes
43. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.
substrate
polyploidy
heredity
alcohol fermentation
44. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
exergonic reaction
electron transport chain
complete dominance
central vacuole
45. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
ATP synthase
phagocytosis
electron microscope
DNA ligase
46. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.
nucleoid
coenzyme
P. generation
calvin cycle
47. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.
centrosome
character
competitive inhibitor
glycoproteins
48. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and
density dependent inhibitor
ATP synthase
stroma
transport proteins
49. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
meiosis
electrogenic pumps
F2 generation
linkage map
50. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.
Peripheral proteins
nuclear envelope
heterotrophs
ribosomal RNA