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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






2. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






3. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.






4. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






5. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






6. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






7. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






8. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






9. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






10. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






11. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






12. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






13. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.






14. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






15. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






16. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






17. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






18. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






19. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






20. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






21. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






22. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






23. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






24. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






25. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






26. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






27. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






28. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






29. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






30. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






31. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






32. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






33. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






34. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






35. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






36. A characteristic






37. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






38. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






39. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






40. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






41. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






42. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.






43. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






44. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






45. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






46. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






47. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






48. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






49. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






50. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.