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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.
macromolecule
reaction center
Oxidative Phosphorylation
rough ER
2. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.
light reactions
bacteriophage
solvent
G2 phase
3. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.
polygenic inheritance
aquaporins(water channel)
isotonic
fertilization
4. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II
dominant allele
calvin cycle
sister chromatids
benign tumor
5. Organizing the structures and activities of cells
electrogenic pumps
nucleolus
cytoskeleton
G2 phase
6. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
transformation
pleiotropy
chromosomes
true breeding
7. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.
chromosomes
glycolysis
cellulose
alternation of generations
8. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane
malignant tumor
isotopes
cytological maps
ATP
9. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom
true breeding
gametophyte
cystic fibrosis
neutron
10. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.
noncyclic electron flow
Cytochrome
thermodynamics
hemophilia
11. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties
gated channels
monosaccharides
anticodon
incomplete dominance
12. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)
solution
alcohol fermentation
facilitated diffusion
prokaryotic cell
13. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles
nuclear envelope
crossing over
golgi apparatus
absorption spectrum
14. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.
electron microscope
phenotype
solvent
photosystem II
15. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.
dehydration reaction
genetic recombination
chromosomes
wavelength
16. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter
osmosis
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
smooth ER
polyploidy
17. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.
cytokenisis
cytological maps
gated channels
condensation reaction
18. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.
electromagnetic spectrum
Oxidative Phosphorylation
aquaporins(water channel)
competitive inhibitor
19. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.
reduction
covalent bonds
duchenne muscular dystropy
cytosol
20. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.
central vacuole
centrosomes
amphipathic molecules
monosaccharides
21. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible
oxidizing agent
lysosomes
cell wall
hypotonic
22. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.
true breeding
variation
primer
insertion
23. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.
phagocytosis
electromagnetic spectrum
exons
mitotic spindle
24. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
gametes
pyrimidines
feedback inhibition
nuclease
25. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways
codominance
cell plate
primer
electrochemical gradient
26. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis
polymer
visible light
steroids
mitotic spindle
27. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.
unsaturated fatty acid
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
prometaphase
centromere
28. Anything takes up space and has mass
matter
light reactions
beta (B) pleated sheet
cytoplasm
29. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).
polysaccharides
leading strand
genes
centrosome
30. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis
hypotonic
phenotype
chiasmata
ribosomes
31. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
pinocytosis
pleiotropy
ketone
C4 plants
32. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.
missense mutations
purines
tight junctions
cell cycle control system
33. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
polar covalent bonds
codons
collagen
coenzyme
34. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts
gap junctions
electrogenic pump
noncompetitive inhibitor
trace elements
35. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.
Peripheral proteins
acid
alcohol fermentation
cofactor
36. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
pinocytosis
competitive inhibitor
electrochemical gradient
concentration gradient
37. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.
cell fractionation
ribosomes
steroids
gametophyte
38. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of
proton pump
receptor mediated endocytosis
electron microscope
golgi apparatus
39. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.
hypertonic
passive transport
isotopes
capsid
40. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
phagocytosis
electronegativity
collagen
monomer
41. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction
redox reactions
phagocytosis
carotenoids
freeze-fracture
42. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy
cotransport
spliceosome
temperature
sister chromatids
43. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.
1st law of thermodynamics
parental types
epistasis
chromatin
44. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.
helicase
pedigree
flaccid (limp)
base
45. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
actin
electrochemical gradient
electronegativity
chromosome theory of inheritance
46. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
fertilization
reduction
base
neutron
47. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.
golgi apparatus
glycosidic linkage
trisomic
transcription unit
48. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.
carotenoids
protein
phagocytosis
organic chemistry
49. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.
solvent
cystic fibrosis
tumor
activation energy
50. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.
wavelength
nucleus
dehydration reaction
G2 phase