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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






2. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






3. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






4. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






5. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






6. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






7. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






8. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






9. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






10. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






11. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.






12. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






13. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






14. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






15. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






16. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






17. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






18. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






19. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






20. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






21. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






22. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






23. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.






24. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






25. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






26. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






27. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






28. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






29. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






30. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






31. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






32. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






33. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






34. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






35. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






36. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






37. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






38. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






39. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






40. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






41. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






42. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






43. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






44. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






45. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






46. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






47. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






48. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






49. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






50. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.