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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec
reaction center
calvin cycle
centrosome
free energy
2. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.
free energy
RNA
cristae (plural - cristae)
smooth ER
3. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.
covalent bonds
parental types
cis face
amino acid
4. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts
isomers
nucleoid
ribosomal RNA
trace elements
5. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.
cystic fibrosis
electrochemical gradient
noncompetitive inhibitor
passive transport
6. Reproduction of cells
coenzyme
beta oxidation
cell division
specific heat
7. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases
amino group
RNA processing
density dependent inhibitor
hydroxyl groups
8. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
nuclease
Cytochrome
osmosis
9. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell
activation energy
fatty acid
proton pump
nucleoid
10. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.
spliceosome
tetrad
cristae (plural - cristae)
DNA
11. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
nucleoid
anaerobic
mitotic spindle
ATP
12. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.
reduction
sister chromatids
cotransport
amino group
13. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
1st law of thermodynamics
base
trisomic
matter
14. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
diploid cells
functions of the proteins
isomers
15. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.
functions of the proteins
capsid
metaphase
insertion
16. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.
alcohol fermentation
catalyst
chromosome theory of inheritance
transport vesicles
17. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.
electron
proton pump
action spectrum
domains
18. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
redox reactions
template strand
mitochondria
19. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
cytoskeleton
photophosphorylation
double helix
chloroplasts
20. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
pH
peroxisomes
surface tension
haploid cells
21. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.
cellular respiration
clone
aquaporins(water channel)
food vacuoles
22. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis
phosphate group
C3 plants
mitotoic phase
growth factor
23. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.
law of segregration
reduction
ribosomes
beta oxidation
24. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.
glycogen
F2 generation
density dependent inhibitor
Acetyl CoA
25. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion
sickle cell anemia
genes
linkage map
passive transport
26. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.
CAM
carbohydrates
RNA
chlorophyll
27. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.
barr body
RNA polymerase
epistasis
peroxisome
28. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.
collagen
nondisjunction
integral proteins
C4 plants
29. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.
purines
ATP
cell fractionation
osmosis
30. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria
receptor mediated endocytosis
peroxisomes
solute
diffusion
31. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges
chemical bonds
ATP
voltage
krebs Cycle
32. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)
cilia
solution
interphase
hydrophilic
33. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II
sister chromatids
chiasmata
density dependent inhibitor
grana
34. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.
plasmolysis
lysosomes
cytosol
cyclic electron flow
35. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.
homologous chromosomes
glycolysis
tetrad
electromagnetic spectrum
36. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.
geometric isomers
chlorophyll A
cytoskeleton
somatic cell
37. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.
receptor mediated endocytosis
primary transcript
ribosomal RNA
nondisjunction
38. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.
S phase
reaction center
punnett square
mitochondria
39. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis
lysosomes
transformation
fluid mosaic model
grana
40. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane
insertion
chromosome theory of inheritance
passive transport
feedback inhibition
41. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).
chiasmata
binary fission
RNA processing
genes
42. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.
malignant tumor
electrogenic pump
nucleolus
oxidizing agent
43. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate
amino group
quantitive characters
metaphase
hemophilia
44. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap
tonoplast
mitosis
nuclease
nucleus
45. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.
sexual reproduction
thylakoids
Rough ER
polyploidy
46. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
fatty acid
endoplasmic reticulum
pedigree
buffers
47. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.
mitochondria
free ribosomes
cell cycle control system
desmosome
48. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
stroma
osmoregulation
matter
sulfhydryl group
49. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.
cyclin
beta oxidation
telomeres
thylakoids
50. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
denaturation
G0 phase
anion
carbonyl groups
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