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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






2. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






3. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






4. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






5. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






6. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






7. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






8. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






9. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






10. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






11. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






12. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






13. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






14. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






15. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






16. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid






17. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






18. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






19. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






20. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






21. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






22. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






23. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






24. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.






25. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






26. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






27. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






28. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






29. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






30. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






31. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.






32. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






33. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






34. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






35. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






36. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






37. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






38. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






39. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.






40. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






41. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






42. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.






43. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






44. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Cytosine (C) - thymine (T) - and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.






45. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole






46. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






47. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






48. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






49. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






50. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual