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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






2. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






3. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






4. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






5. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






6. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






7. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






8. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






9. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






10. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






11. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






12. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






13. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






14. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






15. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






16. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)






17. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






18. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






19. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






20. Having an affinity to water






21. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.






22. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






23. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






24. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts






25. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






26. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






27. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






28. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






29. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






30. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






31. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






32. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






33. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






34. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






35. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






36. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






37. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid






38. Anything takes up space and has mass






39. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






40. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






41. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






42. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






43. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






44. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






45. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






46. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






47. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






48. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






49. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






50. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.