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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
missense mutations
meiosis
amino acid
buffers
2. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.
phagocytosis
glycoproteins
plastids
mismatch repair
3. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II
noncyclic phosphorylation
enantiomers
sister chromatids
nuclear lamina
4. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside
membrane potential
reaction center
aquaporins(water channel)
ATP
5. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.
transport proteins
golgi apparatus
oxidation
chlorophyll
6. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree
coenzyme
neutron
dehydration reaction
specific heat
7. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
cholesterol
activation energy
anaerobic
thermodynamics
8. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.
feedback inhibition
domains
cytoplasm
variation
9. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
homozygous
aqueous solution
transcription
tight junctions
10. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
amino group
hydrocarbons
proton
1st law of thermodynamics
11. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond
translation
P. generation
microtubules
hydrogen bond
12. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.
photophosphorylation
RNA processing
surface tension
gametophyte
13. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus
anion
gated channels
binary fission
spliceosome
14. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.
monosaccharides
amniocentesis
bundle sheath cell
microfilaments
15. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid
endoplasmic reticulum
chloroplast
ligands
tight junctions
16. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.
krebs Cycle
peptide bond
plasma membrane
activation energy
17. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.
receptor mediated endocytosis
cell division
F2 generation
actin
18. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.
free ribosomes
gated channels
sulfhydryl group
noncyclic phosphorylation
19. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically
sodium potassium pump
cyclin
chlorophyll A
pleiotropy
20. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
polar covalent bonds
noncompetitive inhibitor
diploid cells
P. generation
21. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this
cyclin
endergonic reaction
desmosome
compound
22. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.
cis face
unsaturated fatty acid
polyribosomes
induced fit
23. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.
cell fractionation
extracellular matrix
G0 phase
dominant allele
24. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.
disaccharides
polygenic inheritance
membrane potential
duchenne muscular dystropy
25. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts
ribosomes
electrogenic pump
diploid cells
Cytochrome
26. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis
ATP
mitotoic phase
proton pump
cholesterol
27. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o
extracellular matrix
carotenoids
anaphase
functions of the proteins
28. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car
photorespiration
benign tumor
aldehyde
allosteric site
29. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.
microfilaments
amphipathic molecules
mRNA
punnett square
30. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.
tight junctions
autotrophs
Peripheral proteins
reaction center
31. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.
leading strand
free energy
electrogenic pumps
cyclin
32. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
genetics
mitosis
element
oxidation
33. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.
polymer
genetic recombination
Acetyl CoA
ketone
34. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material
cytosol
integral proteins
chiasmata
genome
35. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis
fat
mitotic spindle
atom
mitotoic phase
36. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.
nucleoid
surface tension
aquaporins(water channel)
condensation reaction
37. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.
translation
peroxisome
RNA processing
primary transcript
38. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.
Integral proteins
diploid cells
spectrophotometer
RNA
39. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.
turgid (firm)
isotopes
gametes
fluid mosaic model
40. An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. A monohybrid results from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles. For example - parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid genotype of Aa.
amphipathic molecules
food vacuoles
cell cycle control system
monohybrids
41. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive
somatic cell
leading strand
chromosomes
polar covalent bonds
42. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.
anaphase
mismatch repair
homologous chromosomes
sister chromatids
43. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons
asexual reproduction
covalent bonds
NADP+
CAM
44. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.
active site
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
trans face
transfer RNA
45. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.
acid
noncyclic electron flow
cell cycle
RNA
46. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome
catalyst
chromatin
homozygous
reduction
47. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.
cyclic electron flow
polysaccharides
haploid cells
chlorophyll B
48. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.
reducing agent
parental types
enantiomers
polygenic inheritance
49. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.
cation
plasma membrane
extracellular matrix
trace elements
50. A solution in which water is the solvent
RNA splicing
nucleus
aqueous solution
spectrophotometer