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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






2. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






3. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






4. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






5. The reactant on which an enzyme works






6. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






7. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






8. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a






9. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






10. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






11. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






12. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






13. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell






14. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






15. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






16. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






17. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






18. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






19. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






20. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






21. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






22. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






23. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






24. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






25. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






26. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






27. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.






28. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






29. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






30. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






31. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






32. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






33. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






34. A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.






35. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






36. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






37. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






38. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






39. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






40. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom






41. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






42. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






43. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






44. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






45. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






46. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






47. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid






48. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






49. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






50. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.







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