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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






2. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






3. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






4. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






5. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






6. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






7. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






8. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






9. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.






10. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






11. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






12. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






13. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






14. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






15. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






16. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






17. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






18. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






19. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






20. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






21. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






22. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






23. Region where cells microtubules are initiated






24. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






25. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






26. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






27. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






28. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






29. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






30. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






31. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






32. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






33. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






34. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






35. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






36. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






37. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)






38. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






39. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






40. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






41. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






42. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






43. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






44. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






45. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






46. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts






47. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






48. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






49. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






50. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution