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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






2. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






3. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






4. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






5. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






6. An individual with the normal phenotype.






7. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






8. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






9. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






10. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






11. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






12. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






13. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






14. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






15. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






16. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






17. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






18. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






19. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






20. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






21. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






22. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






23. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






24. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






25. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






26. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






27. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.






28. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






29. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






30. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






31. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






32. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






33. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






34. Reproduction of cells






35. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






36. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






37. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






38. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






39. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






40. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






41. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.






42. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






43. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






44. A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three - resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.






45. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






46. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






47. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






48. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






49. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






50. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.