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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






2. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






3. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






4. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid






5. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






6. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






7. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






8. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






9. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






10. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






11. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






12. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






13. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






14. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






15. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






16. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






17. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






18. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






19. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






20. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






21. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






22. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






23. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






24. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






25. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






26. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






27. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






28. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






29. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






30. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






31. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






32. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






33. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






34. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






35. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






36. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






37. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






38. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






39. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.






40. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






41. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






42. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






43. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






44. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






45. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






46. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






47. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






48. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






49. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






50. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass






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