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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






2. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






3. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






4. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






5. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






6. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






7. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






8. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






9. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






10. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






11. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






12. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






13. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.






14. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






15. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






16. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site






17. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






18. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






19. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






20. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






21. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






22. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






23. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






24. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






25. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






26. Anything takes up space and has mass






27. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






28. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






29. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






30. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






31. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






32. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






33. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






34. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






35. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






36. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






37. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.






38. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






39. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






40. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






41. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






42. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






43. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






44. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






45. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






46. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






47. Region where cells microtubules are initiated






48. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






49. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






50. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.







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