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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs
G2 phase
synapsis
heat
autotrophs
2. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction
recessive allele
telomeres
ATP
microfilaments
3. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.
monosomic
triplet code
peroxisome
translation
4. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
extracellular matrix
quantitive characters
codons
origins replication
5. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases
voltage
density dependent inhibitor
law of segregration
aldehyde
6. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.
freeze-fracture
mRNA
fertilization
solution
7. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts
clone
Cytochrome
tetrad
primary electron acceptor
8. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse
sex linked genes
RNA
cation
absorption spectrum
9. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.
cellulose
fluid mosaic model
introns
true breeding
10. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.
light reactions
primary electron acceptor
meiosis
desmosome
11. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
hydrocarbons
F2 generation
electrogenic pump
unsaturated fatty acid
12. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr
ATP synthase
light reactions
element
chlorophyll
13. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.
polyploidy
telomeres
acid precipitation
calvin cycle
14. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.
organic chemistry
krebs Cycle
tetrad
primary electron acceptor
15. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
active transport
ribosomal RNA
light reactions
mRNA
16. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins
telophase
krebs Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
heterotrophs
17. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane
Cytochrome
polar covalent bonds
fat
ATP
18. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote
thermodynamics
genetics
gametes
turgid (firm)
19. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule
duplication
transcription unit
anticodon
deletion
20. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells
chromosome theory of inheritance
linked genes
nuclear lamina
growth factor
21. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.
codons
trisomic
polysaccharides
golgi apparatus
22. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction
cleavage
Oxidative Phosphorylation
centrioles
redox reactions
23. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.
trait
tetrad
linkage map
mesophyll cell
24. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass
RNA
isotopes
chromatin
hemophilia
25. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help
energy coupling
mitochondria
condensation reaction
voltage
26. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.
synapsis
epistasis
metastasis
wavelength
27. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.
golgi apparatus
free energy
polysaccharides
deletion
28. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential
proton pump
peptide bond
transformation
isotonic
29. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.
ATP
thylakoids
RNA splicing
facilitated diffusion
30. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
oxidation
asexual reproduction
geometric isomers
nucleoid
31. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.
contractile vacuoles
telomeres
F2 generation
codons
32. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.
ribosomal RNA
smooth ER
hypertonic
prokaryotic cell
33. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.
2nd law of thermodynamics
endoplasmic reticulum
polyploidy
mitochondria
34. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited
transformation
growth factor
epistasis
lagging strand
35. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production
dehydration reaction
rough ER
contractile vacuoles
noncyclic electron flow
36. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.
polar covalent bonds
transport proteins
RNA splicing
proton motive force
37. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.
transformation
visible light
mismatch repair
noncompetitive inhibitor
38. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically
transport vesicles
integral proteins
cyclin
adhesion
39. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy
exergonic reaction
chromosomes
homologous chromosomes
electromagnetic spectrum
40. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.
dominant allele
nuclease
fluid mosaic model
enantiomers
41. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.
spectrophotometer
nondisjunction
synapsis
concentration gradient
42. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree
specific heat
krebs Cycle
missense mutations
anion
43. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
specific heat
integral proteins
facilitated diffusion
kinetochore
44. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.
temperature
alternation of generations
chlorophyll B
nucleus
45. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.
primary transcript
ultra centrifuges
kinetochore
hydrolysis
46. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.
RNA processing
thermodynamics
transport proteins
ATP
47. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids
cytoskeleton
centromere
free ribosomes
surface tension
48. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus
law of segregration
redox reactions
gated channels
anaphase
49. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
buffers
activation energy
active transport
noncyclic phosphorylation
50. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
chlorophyll
barr body
cell plate
nucleoid
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