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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






2. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






3. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.






4. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






5. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






6. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






7. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






8. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






9. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






10. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






11. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






12. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.






13. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






14. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






15. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






16. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






17. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






18. An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. A monohybrid results from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles. For example - parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid genotype of Aa.






19. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






20. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






21. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






22. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






23. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






24. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






25. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






26. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






27. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






28. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






29. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






30. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






31. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






32. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






33. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






34. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






35. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons






36. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






37. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






38. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






39. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






40. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






41. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






42. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






43. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






44. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






45. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






46. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






47. A negatively charged ion






48. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






49. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






50. A heritable feature.







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