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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






2. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






3. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






4. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






5. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






6. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






7. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






8. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






9. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






10. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






11. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






12. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






13. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






14. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.






15. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid






16. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






17. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






18. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






19. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






20. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






21. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






22. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






23. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






24. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






25. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






26. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






27. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






28. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






29. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






30. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






31. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.






32. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






33. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






34. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






35. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






36. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






37. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






38. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






39. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






40. An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. A monohybrid results from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles. For example - parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid genotype of Aa.






41. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive






42. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






43. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






44. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






45. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






46. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






47. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






48. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






49. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






50. A solution in which water is the solvent