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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






2. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






3. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






4. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






5. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






6. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






7. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






8. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






9. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






10. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom






11. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






12. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.






13. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






14. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






15. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.






16. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






17. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.






18. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






19. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






20. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






21. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






22. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






23. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






24. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






25. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






26. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






27. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






28. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






29. Having an affinity to water






30. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






31. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






32. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






33. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






34. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






35. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






36. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






37. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






38. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






39. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






40. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






41. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






42. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






43. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Cytosine (C) - thymine (T) - and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.






44. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






45. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






46. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






47. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






48. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






49. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






50. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.