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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.






2. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






3. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






4. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






5. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells






6. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






7. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






8. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






9. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






10. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






11. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






12. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






13. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.






14. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






15. The reactant on which an enzyme works






16. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






17. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.






18. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






19. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






20. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






21. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






22. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






23. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






24. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






25. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






26. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






27. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






28. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






29. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






30. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






31. A heritable feature.






32. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






33. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






34. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






35. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






36. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






37. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






38. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






39. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






40. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






41. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






42. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






43. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






44. Differences between members of the same species.






45. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






46. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






47. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






48. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






49. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






50. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.