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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






2. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






3. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.






4. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






5. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






6. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






7. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






8. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






9. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site






10. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






11. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






12. A gene located on a sex chromosome.






13. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






14. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






15. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






16. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






17. A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three - resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.






18. An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. A monohybrid results from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles. For example - parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid genotype of Aa.






19. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






20. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






21. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






22. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






23. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






24. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






25. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






26. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






27. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes






28. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.






29. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






30. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






31. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






32. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






33. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






34. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






35. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






36. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.






37. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






38. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






39. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass






40. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






41. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






42. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






43. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






44. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






45. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






46. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






47. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






48. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






49. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






50. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body