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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






2. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






3. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






4. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes






5. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






6. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






7. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






8. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






9. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






10. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






11. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






12. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






13. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






14. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






15. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






16. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






17. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse






18. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






19. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






20. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.






21. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






22. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






23. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






24. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.






25. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






26. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






27. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.






28. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






29. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






30. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






31. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






32. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






33. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






34. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






35. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






36. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






37. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive






38. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






39. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






40. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






41. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






42. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






43. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






44. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






45. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






46. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






47. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






48. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






49. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






50. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell