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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






2. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.






3. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






4. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






5. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






6. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






7. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.






8. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






9. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.






10. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






11. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






12. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






13. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






14. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






15. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






16. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






17. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






18. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






19. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






20. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






21. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive






22. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






23. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






24. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes






25. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






26. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom






27. Reproduction of cells






28. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






29. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






30. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






31. Region where cells microtubules are initiated






32. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






33. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






34. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






35. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






36. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.






37. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






38. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






39. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






40. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






41. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






42. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






43. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






44. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






45. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






46. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






47. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






48. Dissolving agent of a solution






49. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






50. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.