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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






2. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






3. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






4. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the






5. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






6. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






7. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






8. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






9. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






10. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






11. Reproduction of cells






12. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






13. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






14. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






15. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






16. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






17. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






18. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






19. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)






20. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






21. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.






22. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






23. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.






24. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






25. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.






26. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






27. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






28. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






29. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells






30. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






31. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






32. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






33. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






34. Differences between members of the same species.






35. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






36. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






37. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






38. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






39. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






40. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive






41. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






42. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






43. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






44. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






45. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






46. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






47. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






48. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






49. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






50. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






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