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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
prometaphase
hydroxyl groups
voltage
kinetochore
2. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl
phagocytosis
nucleus
karyotype
cyclic photophosphorylation
3. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.
prokaryotic cell
phospholipids
gametes
mismatch repair
4. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.
chlorophyll B
microtubules
origins replication
extracellular matrix
5. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.
osmosis
P. generation
smooth ER
kinetochore
6. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.
synapsis
cytoplasm
entropy
active site
7. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.
electromagnetic spectrum
cell wall
disaccharides
mutagens
8. The reactant on which an enzyme works
photosystem II
plastids
active transport
substrate
9. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs
cell plate
steroids
sulfhydryl group
G1 phase
10. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps
electrogenic pumps
cell fractionation
Rough ER
hypertonic
11. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.
fat
cofactor
fluid mosaic model
hybridization
12. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction
chlorophyll A
peptide bond
phagocytosis
tight junctions
13. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.
Rough ER
NADP+
hydrolysis
missense mutations
14. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.
barr body
anticodon
karyotype
law of segregration
15. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.
isomers
centrioles
parental types
cotransport
16. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.
amino acid
solute
true breeding
template strand
17. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
element
polyploidy
tight junctions
phosphate group
18. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.
heat
noncyclic electron flow
electromagnetic spectrum
DNA ligase
19. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.
entropy
tetrad
bound ribosomes
macromolecule
20. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.
competitive inhibitor
bacteriophage
pedigree
Acetyl CoA
21. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina
light reactions
telomeres
intermediate filaments
atom
22. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material
transport proteins
linkage map
growth factor
chromatin
23. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o
trait
functions of the proteins
mitotoic phase
unsaturated fatty acid
24. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.
chlorophyll B
nondisjunction
peroxisomes
nucleic acid
25. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.
visible light
phospholipids
central vacuole
solution
26. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face
genetics
transformation
compound
cis face
27. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm
somatic cells
template strand
sex chromosomes
electron microscope
28. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.
endoplasmic reticulum
proton
peroxisome
trace elements
29. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
proton motive force
chloroplast
dehydration reaction
transport proteins
30. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.
phosphate group
endoplasmic reticulum
sex linked genes
polygenic inheritance
31. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells
covalent bonds
gap junctions
haploid cells
active transport
32. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.
1st law of thermodynamics
photosystem I
amphipathic molecules
polyribosomes
33. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
genome
catalyst
chromosomes
amniocentesis
34. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.
free ribosomes
glycolysis
cytoplasm
cell cycle
35. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release
G2 phase
ATP
sporophyte
CAM
36. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential
synapsis
photosystem II
proton pump
cilia
37. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
synapsis
ribosomes
polymer
RNA
38. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons
gated channels
cation
voltage
gametes
39. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis
complete dominance
actin
grana
proton
40. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties
beta (B) pleated sheet
incomplete dominance
prometaphase
genome
41. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).
proton pump
linked genes
Integral proteins
photosystem II
42. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.
duchenne muscular dystropy
pedigree
Oxidative Phosphorylation
frameshift mutation
43. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.
feedback inhibition
photon
photophosphorylation
base
44. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.
reduction
golgi apparatus
codons
peroxisome
45. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.
C4 plants
dominant allele
spectrophotometer
chromosomes
46. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.
chromosomes
electrochemical gradient
calvin cycle
acid precipitation
47. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
collagen
telomeres
compound
gametes
48. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.
proton pump
isotonic
flaccid (limp)
carbonyl groups
49. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.
integral proteins
glycogen
2nd law of thermodynamics
protein
50. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.
plastids
purines
alcohol fermentation
electrogenic pumps
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