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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






2. A functional group important in energy transfer.






3. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






4. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






5. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






6. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






7. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






8. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






9. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






10. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






11. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






12. A heritable feature.






13. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






14. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






15. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells






16. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






17. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






18. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.






19. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






20. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






21. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






22. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.






23. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






24. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






25. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






26. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






27. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






28. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






29. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






30. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






31. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






32. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






33. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






34. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






35. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






36. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.






37. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






38. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






39. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid






40. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






41. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






42. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






43. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






44. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






45. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






46. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






47. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec






48. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






49. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






50. Reproduction of cells