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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






2. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






3. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






4. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






5. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






6. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






7. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






8. The genetic makeup of an organism






9. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






10. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






11. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






12. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






13. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






14. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






15. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






16. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






17. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.






18. A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three - resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.






19. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






20. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






21. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






22. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






23. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






24. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






25. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






26. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






27. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






28. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the






29. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






30. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






31. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






32. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






33. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






34. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






35. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






36. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






37. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






38. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






39. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid






40. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






41. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






42. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






43. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






44. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






45. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






46. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






47. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






48. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






49. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






50. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.