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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.
oxidizing agent
sex linked genes
solvent
coenzyme
2. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.
S phase
sporophyte
macromolecule
cholesterol
3. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.
deletion
2nd law of thermodynamics
flagella
osmosis
4. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm
somatic cells
point mutation
extracellular matrix
RNA polymerase
5. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
actin
law of independent assortment
benign tumor
hydrophilic
6. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.
active transport
ketone
spectrophotometer
steroids
7. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.
autotrophs
barr body
haploid cells
bound ribosomes
8. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
peptide bond
cell cycle
kinetochore
surface tension
9. Organizing the structures and activities of cells
cation
flagella
cytoskeleton
photorespiration
10. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell
quantitive characters
nondisjunction
meiosis
anaphase
11. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids
steroids
saturated fatty acid
translation
trace elements
12. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.
diffusion
wavelength
template strand
autotrophs
13. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.
extracellular matrix
anticodon
centrosome
reducing agent
14. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties
meiosis
endoplasmic reticulum
barr body
incomplete dominance
15. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
Peripheral proteins
carbonyl groups
anaphase
DNA ligase
16. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.
faculative anaerobes
cotransport
spliceosome
plastids
17. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond
growth factor
aerobic
telophase
hydrogen bond
18. The reactant on which an enzyme works
substrate
reduction
steroids
cell fractionation
19. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i
solution
peptide bond
sodium potassium pump
primary transcript
20. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.
NADP+
electron microscope
monohybrids
voltage
21. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.
thylakoids
facilitated diffusion
fluid mosaic model
fermentation
22. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges
membrane potential
punnett square
phagocytosis
voltage
23. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II
crossing over
sister chromatids
centrosome
voltage
24. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.
sulfhydryl group
bacteriophage
stroma
anticodon
25. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
chiasmata
meiosis
nucleolus
bacteriophage
26. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.
aerobic
sodium potassium pump
photosystem II
glycosidic linkage
27. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.
disaccharides
hydrocarbons
G0 phase
RNA
28. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.
1st law of thermodynamics
glycoproteins
terminator
peptide bond
29. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.
electrochemical gradient
cytoplasm
C3 plants
flagella
30. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis
fertilization
grana
electrogenic pump
aquaporins(water channel)
31. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.
acid precipitation
catalyst
organic chemistry
chromatin
32. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom
electron microscope
neutron
structural isomers
anion
33. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
G1 phase
polymer
electrochemical gradient
stroma
34. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients
osmosis
cleavage
facilitated diffusion
disaccharides
35. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole
carboxyl group
solution
facilitated diffusion
phagocytosis
36. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.
electrogenic pump
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
template strand
steroids
37. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).
stroma
cis face
pH
quantitive characters
38. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules
diffusion
glycosidic linkage
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
fluid mosaic model
39. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
noncompetitive inhibitor
electrogenic pumps
electronegativity
saturated fatty acid
40. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis
cyclic photophosphorylation
free energy
mitotic spindle
F1 generation
41. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20
trait
fluid mosaic model
chloroplast
grana
42. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.
carotenoids
mitochondria
aldehyde
transcription
43. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
transfer RNA
plastids
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
pleiotropy
44. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside
NaD+
membrane potential
facilitated diffusion
heredity
45. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the
base pair substitution
fluid mosaic model
carboxyl group
F2 generation
46. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.
G0 phase
viral envelope
primary electron acceptor
prometaphase
47. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells
Acetyl CoA
centromere
meiosis
calvin cycle
48. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration
telophase
matter
glycolysis
chloroplasts
49. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits
NADP+
mitotic spindle
ribosomes
valence electrons
50. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.
homozygous
primary transcript
chromosomes
stroma