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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
monosaccharides
stroma
mitosis
bundle sheath cell
2. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.
cell fractionation
mitosis
isotonic
functions of the proteins
3. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.
introns
dominant allele
frameshift mutation
diploid cells
4. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.
microtubules
hydrophobic
amniocentesis
hydrogen bond
5. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.
primary electron acceptor
anion
RNA processing
hydrophilic
6. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site
mesophyll cell
lysosomes
metastasis
anaphase
7. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties
amino acid
organelles
alternation of generations
incomplete dominance
8. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome
chromatin
gap junctions
sexual reproduction
F2 generation
9. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
collagen
polygenic inheritance
C3 plants
coenzyme
10. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.
photon
organic chemistry
aldehyde
ligands
11. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.
photon
sickle cell anemia
polygenic inheritance
energy coupling
12. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.
metastasis
codons
centrosome
cofactor
13. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.
noncompetitive inhibitor
passive transport
1st law of thermodynamics
cellulose
14. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement
turgid (firm)
hybridization
microtubules
beta (B) pleated sheet
15. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.
transfer RNA
plasmolysis
introns
character
16. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual
protein
hydrophilic
mismatch repair
sex chromosomes
17. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis
grana
mitotoic phase
base pair substitution
mRNA
18. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.
diffusion
anticodon
osmosis
protein
19. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.
integral proteins
chlorophyll B
fluid mosaic model
primary transcript
20. The reactant on which an enzyme works
codons
substrate
energy coupling
nucleic acid
21. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.
quantitive characters
amino acid
homologous chromosomes
flaccid (limp)
22. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings
pinocytosis
nuclear envelope
S phase
endergonic reaction
23. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole
golgi apparatus
disaccharides
smooth ER
electron
24. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.
S phase
phospholipids
redox reactions
aquaporins(water channel)
25. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
recessive allele
anaphase
hypotonic
hydrocarbons
26. Having an affinity to water
free energy
C3 plants
hydrophilic
starch
27. The genetic makeup of an organism
glycolysis
free ribosomes
genotype
nucleolus
28. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis
mitotic spindle
thermodynamics
glycogen
mesophyll cell
29. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of
transport vesicles
organelles
autotrophs
electron microscope
30. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.
anaphase
mismatch repair
beta oxidation
thermodynamics
31. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.
starch
point mutation
electromagnetic spectrum
denaturation
32. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)
free ribosomes
cystic fibrosis
exons
cilia
33. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive
energy coupling
interphase
RNA processing
polar covalent bonds
34. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule
base pair substitution
capsid
cytosol
transcription unit
35. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen
DNA
sporophyte
sodium potassium pump
cyclic electron flow
36. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
chromosomes
buffers
ATP
meiosis
37. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis
heredity
endocytosis
ribosomes
homologous chromosomes
38. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.
osmoregulation
stroma
grana
G1 phase
39. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.
surface tension
noncyclic electron flow
quantitive characters
cofactor
40. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.
organic chemistry
active transport
fat
sickle cell anemia
41. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.
chlorophyll A
DNA ligase
growth factor
hydrolysis
42. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr
ATP synthase
carbohydrates
diffusion
genotype
43. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th
aldehyde
clone
concentration gradient
telomeres
44. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.
golgi apparatus
law of segregration
tumor
lysosomes
45. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
faculative anaerobes
primary transcript
centrioles
plastids
46. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.
plasma membrane
prometaphase
photosystem I
phospholipids
47. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
buffers
compound
helicase
amino group
48. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)
saturated fatty acid
exergonic reaction
telophase
bound ribosomes
49. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.
carbonyl groups
somatic cells
reduction
complete dominance
50. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.
karyotype
sexual reproduction
condensation reaction
photophosphorylation