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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.
Acetyl CoA
nucleus
F2 generation
DNA ligase
2. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism
NaD+
carotenoids
light reactions
glycoproteins
3. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).
variation
Integral proteins
microtubules
wavelength
4. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts
Cytochrome
meiosis
true breeding
hydroxyl groups
5. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.
enantiomers
deletion
chromosome theory of inheritance
free energy
6. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.
DNA ligase
cilia
transformation
mismatch repair
7. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy
macromolecule
temperature
pleiotropy
template strand
8. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.
geometric isomers
free energy
capsid
fluid mosaic model
9. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
true breeding
bound ribosomes
codons
10. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited
duplication
polysaccharides
epistasis
cytokenisis
11. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.
cytoplasm
cyclic photophosphorylation
exergonic reaction
NaD+
12. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.
peroxisome
ribosomes
phosphate group
voltage
13. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.
smooth ER
food vacuoles
quantitive characters
karyotype
14. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)
free ribosomes
entropy
cofactor
chromatin
15. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.
neutron
pedigree
plastids
facilitated diffusion
16. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.
enantiomers
amniocentesis
carboxyl group
spliceosome
17. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.
desmosome
leading strand
element
gametophyte
18. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap
tonoplast
base
missense mutations
photosystem II
19. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.
nucleolus
mitochondria
inversion
centrosomes
20. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.
freeze-fracture
hydrophilic
cytological maps
phagocytosis
21. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
collagen
chiasmata
pinocytosis
proton pump
22. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.
fluid mosaic model
food vacuoles
competitive inhibitor
F2 generation
23. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.
pyrimidines
chromatin
alternation of generations
amino acid
24. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.
steroids
noncyclic phosphorylation
cyclic photophosphorylation
plasmolysis
25. Region where cells microtubules are initiated
life cycle
centrosomes
turgid (firm)
phospholipids
26. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual
sex chromosomes
trisomic
sickle cell anemia
proton motive force
27. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl
bacteriophage
nucleus
codominance
mRNA
28. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
tumor
aerobic
noncompetitive inhibitor
glycoproteins
29. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)
membrane potential
photosystem I
cilia
solution
30. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
stroma
extracellular matrix
thermodynamics
genetic recombination
31. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically
mitochondria
cyclin
rough ER
polyribosomes
32. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this
desmosome
functional groups
electron
cotransport
33. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.
krebs Cycle
active site
metastasis
cellular respiration
34. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
F1 generation
F2 generation
competitive inhibitor
electronegativity
35. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
temperature
mRNA
transfer RNA
cristae (plural - cristae)
36. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.
2nd law of thermodynamics
transformation
hydrogen bond
linked genes
37. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.
mitochondria
freeze-fracture
electron transport chain
denaturation
38. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.
karyotype
NADP+
CAM
anaerobic
39. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.
photon
contractile vacuoles
energy coupling
beta oxidation
40. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.
CAM
benign tumor
P. generation
sodium potassium pump
41. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
sexual reproduction
gametes
exergonic reaction
fluid mosaic model
42. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.
allosteric site
aquaporins(water channel)
enantiomers
facilitated diffusion
43. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production
plastids
rough ER
transport proteins
proton pump
44. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.
condensation reaction
chlorophyll B
punnett square
photorespiration
45. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i
sexual reproduction
malignant tumor
sodium potassium pump
phagocytosis
46. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons
proton motive force
mRNA
nuclear lamina
cation
47. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
photorespiration
redox reactions
chromosome theory of inheritance
unsaturated fatty acid
48. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
actin
sex chromosomes
proton pump
centromere
49. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.
karyotype
genes
chlorophyll A
electromagnetic spectrum
50. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).
active transport
hydroxyl groups
genes
hybridization