Test your basic knowledge |

AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






2. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






3. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






4. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






5. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






6. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






7. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






8. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






9. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






10. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






11. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






12. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.






13. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






14. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






15. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






16. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.






17. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






18. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






19. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






20. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






21. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






22. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






23. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






24. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






25. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






26. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






27. A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.






28. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment






29. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






30. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






31. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.






32. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






33. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






34. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






35. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






36. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






37. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid






38. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






39. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






40. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






41. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






42. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






43. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






44. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






45. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






46. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






47. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






48. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






49. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






50. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane