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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.
karyotype
homozygous
activation energy
neutron
2. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy
covalent bonds
photon
thylakoids
temperature
3. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
acid
codons
cyclic electron flow
starch
4. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.
enantiomers
CAM
amino group
haploid cells
5. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production
Integral proteins
replication fork
reducing agent
rough ER
6. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti
linkage map
aerobic
malignant tumor
S phase
7. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.
condensation reaction
terminator
voltage
visible light
8. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.
feedback inhibition
smooth ER
wavelength
mutagens
9. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.
hydrocarbons
cyclic photophosphorylation
isomers
density dependent inhibitor
10. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.
cyclic photophosphorylation
freeze-fracture
benign tumor
proton motive force
11. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.
gametes
complete dominance
glycosidic linkage
polar covalent bonds
12. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.
transfer RNA
isomers
osmosis
ultra centrifuges
13. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter
osmosis
S phase
photosystem II
exons
14. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.
isotopes
F2 generation
anaphase
growth factor
15. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.
oxidizing agent
noncompetitive inhibitor
fat
cytoplasm
16. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.
mitotic spindle
faculative anaerobes
reduction
beta (B) pleated sheet
17. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids
fat
substrate
active transport
aerobic
18. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle
recessive allele
geometric isomers
trisomic
interphase
19. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release
ketone
CAM
substrate
neutron
20. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.
isotonic
microfilaments
functions of the proteins
food vacuoles
21. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl
pinocytosis
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
nucleus
ATP
22. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.
hypertonic
karyotype
tetrad
capsid
23. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
hydrocarbons
reducing agent
malignant tumor
homozygous
24. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.
noncyclic electron flow
DNA ligase
nucleoid
cystic fibrosis
25. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome
primer
DNA ligase
chromatin
photosystem I
26. Collagen most abundant in animal cells
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
faculative anaerobes
punnett square
covalent bonds
27. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.
primary transcript
grana
linked genes
aquaporins(water channel)
28. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
cell plate
acid
electron transport chain
desmosome
29. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
electrogenic pumps
heat
concentration gradient
cyclin
30. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra
nucleus
plasmolysis
electrochemical gradient
transformation
31. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.
contractile vacuoles
benign tumor
grana
competitive inhibitor
32. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.
Cell-cell recognition
flaccid (limp)
isotonic
ketone
33. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
2nd law of thermodynamics
microfilaments
proton pump
nucleoid
34. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm
1st law of thermodynamics
polysaccharides
somatic cells
hydrolysis
35. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
noncyclic phosphorylation
ribosomes
smooth ER
integral proteins
36. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.
sister chromatids
ligands
malignant tumor
amino acid
37. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).
enantiomers
concentration gradient
organic chemistry
disaccharides
38. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.
fatty acid
RNA polymerase
polyribosomes
pyrimidines
39. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.
RNA splicing
chloroplast
pleiotropy
crossing over
40. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.
haploid cells
cystic fibrosis
cellular respiration
facilitated diffusion
41. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
cellular respiration
active transport
hydroxyl groups
hydrophobic
42. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.
cytosol
electronegativity
cofactor
electron
43. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
enantiomers
solvent
mitotoic phase
mRNA
44. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.
F1 generation
trait
buffers
nuclear envelope
45. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.
chromosome theory of inheritance
thermodynamics
organelles
sex linked genes
46. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated
cell cycle control system
active site
cell fractionation
S phase
47. Reproduction of cells
tumor
benign tumor
cell division
compound
48. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
noncyclic phosphorylation
life cycle
cohesion
template strand
49. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.
heredity
cofactor
cellulose
condensation reaction
50. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
saturated fatty acid
cofactor
metastasis
ribosomes