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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






2. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






3. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






4. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






5. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






6. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






7. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






8. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






9. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






10. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






11. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






12. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






13. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






14. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






15. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






16. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






17. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






18. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






19. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






20. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






21. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






22. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






23. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






24. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






25. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






26. Differences between members of the same species.






27. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






28. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






29. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






30. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






31. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






32. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.






33. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






34. Anything takes up space and has mass






35. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






36. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






37. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the






38. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






39. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






40. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






41. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






42. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






43. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






44. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






45. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






46. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






47. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






48. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






49. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






50. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.