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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organizing the structures and activities of cells
variation
bound ribosomes
cytoskeleton
covalent bonds
2. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
cytological maps
reduction
DNA
3. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.
purines
diffusion
trisomic
terminator
4. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.
P. generation
passive transport
tonoplast
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
5. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree
specific heat
organelles
mesophyll cell
cell division
6. A characteristic
lysosomes
mitotic spindle
trait
allosteric site
7. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.
central vacuole
cytosol
replication fork
primary transcript
8. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.
trans face
nucleus
mutagens
pinocytosis
9. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass
thylakoids
isotopes
ATP
electrochemical gradient
10. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.
freeze-fracture
autotrophs
codons
faculative anaerobes
11. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.
cis face
transport vesicles
valence electrons
oxidizing agent
12. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.
faculative anaerobes
ribosomes
pleiotropy
RNA polymerase
13. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.
photosystem II
chlorophyll B
hydrolysis
hypotonic
14. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
DNA
solute
G1 phase
hydrolysis
15. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.
capsid
golgi apparatus
tetrad
monosomic
16. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.
monomer
electromagnetic spectrum
organic chemistry
parental types
17. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
photophosphorylation
CAM
feedback inhibition
lactid acid fermentation
18. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts
photosystem I
wild type
carotenoids
Cytochrome
19. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec
phospholipid
reaction center
monomer
hydrocarbons
20. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.
ATP synthase
central vacuole
disaccharides
somatic cells
21. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane
karyotype
geometric isomers
ATP
incomplete dominance
22. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
collagen
gametes
polygenic inheritance
codominance
23. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)
isotopes
photosystem I
tumor
solution
24. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
cyclin
mutagens
organic chemistry
compound
25. The attraction between different kinds of molecules
adhesion
temperature
cholesterol
chromatin
26. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.
phospholipids
photophosphorylation
origins replication
food vacuoles
27. The reactant on which an enzyme works
recessive allele
prokaryotic cell
substrate
cohesion
28. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.
Peripheral proteins
aquaporins(water channel)
pedigree
hydrolysis
29. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
meiosis
bound ribosomes
sodium potassium pump
trans face
30. A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
flaccid (limp)
exergonic reaction
purines
prokaryotic cell
31. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.
asexual reproduction
phagocytosis
chlorophyll B
thermodynamics
32. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)
integral proteins
food vacuoles
free ribosomes
bound ribosomes
33. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.
anaerobic
energy coupling
facilitated diffusion
mitochondria
34. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Cytosine (C) - thymine (T) - and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.
transcription unit
wild type
pyrimidines
heterotrophs
35. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.
cohesion
photosystem II
temperature
diploid cells
36. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.
competitive inhibitor
isomers
ketone
active transport
37. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs
chromosomes
karyotype
complete dominance
G2 phase
38. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.
cystic fibrosis
cell plate
cytosol
helicase
39. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
G2 phase
cytoskeleton
covalent bonds
Rough ER
40. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o
lysosomes
hydrocarbons
cytoskeleton
functions of the proteins
41. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
growth factor
photorespiration
double helix
oxidation
42. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.
alternation of generations
chromosome theory of inheritance
mitotoic phase
gated channels
43. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.
C3 plants
cell cycle
F1 generation
stroma
44. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).
karyotype
noncyclic electron flow
hybridization
Integral proteins
45. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.
action spectrum
atom
proton
centromere
46. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.
hemophilia
cell division
anaerobic
binary fission
47. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.
transcription
lactid acid fermentation
phospholipids
food vacuoles
48. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
stroma
ribosomes
chloroplasts
saturated fatty acid
49. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.
2nd law of thermodynamics
phospholipids
cation
nuclease
50. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential
life cycle
lagging strand
proton pump
anaerobic