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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






2. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






3. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






4. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






5. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






6. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






7. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






8. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






9. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






10. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






11. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






12. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






13. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






14. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






15. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






16. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site






17. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






18. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






19. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






20. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






21. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






22. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






23. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






24. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






25. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






26. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






27. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






28. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






29. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






30. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






31. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






32. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






33. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






34. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






35. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






36. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






37. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






38. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






39. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






40. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






41. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






42. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






43. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






44. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






45. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






46. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






47. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons






48. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






49. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






50. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.







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