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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






2. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






3. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






4. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






5. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






6. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






7. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






8. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






9. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






10. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






11. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






12. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






13. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






14. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






15. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






16. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






17. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






18. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






19. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid






20. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






21. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






22. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






23. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






24. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






25. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






26. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






27. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






28. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






29. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






30. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






31. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






32. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






33. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






34. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






35. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






36. A solution in which water is the solvent






37. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






38. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






39. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






40. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.






41. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






42. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass






43. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






44. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






45. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.






46. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






47. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






48. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






49. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






50. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.