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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






2. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






3. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






4. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






5. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






6. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






7. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.






8. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






9. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






10. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






11. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






12. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.






13. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






14. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






15. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






16. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse






17. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






18. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






19. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






20. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






21. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






22. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






23. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






24. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






25. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






26. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.






27. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






28. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






29. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






30. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






31. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






32. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






33. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.






34. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






35. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






36. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid






37. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






38. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






39. A heritable feature.






40. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






41. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






42. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






43. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






44. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






45. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






46. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






47. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






48. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.






49. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






50. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites