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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.
transformation
polymer
cyclic photophosphorylation
hydrogen bond
2. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
sporophyte
photorespiration
somatic cell
stroma
3. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.
cis face
polyploidy
purines
ketone
4. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact
chromatin
unsaturated fatty acid
buffers
prophase
5. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.
hypotonic
hemophilia
punnett square
nondisjunction
6. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides
bundle sheath cell
ribosomal RNA
phosphate group
nuclease
7. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.
missense mutations
transport proteins
free energy
faculative anaerobes
8. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.
reaction center
glycoproteins
electrogenic pump
cell wall
9. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.
anaerobic
F2 generation
sodium potassium pump
codons
10. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.
hydrophilic
reducing agent
cytoskeleton
steroids
11. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes
chemical bonds
nucleolus
CAM
isotonic
12. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.
cytoplasm
plasma membrane
primary transcript
transfer RNA
13. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.
insertion
phospholipids
ATP
codominance
14. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap
DNA
free ribosomes
hydroxyl groups
tonoplast
15. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.
disaccharides
complete dominance
adhesion
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
16. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.
1st law of thermodynamics
beta (B) pleated sheet
domains
visible light
17. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.
deletion
food vacuoles
barr body
amino acid
18. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
surface tension
electrochemical gradient
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
pleiotropy
19. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.
phospholipid
ultra centrifuges
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
voltage
20. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.
cristae (plural - cristae)
crossing over
prophase
cytosol
21. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.
contractile vacuoles
Acetyl CoA
triplet code
phospholipid
22. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.
incomplete dominance
noncyclic phosphorylation
centrosome
flaccid (limp)
23. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.
RNA splicing
calvin cycle
chromosome theory of inheritance
bacteriophage
24. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.
photon
pH
cytoskeleton
fermentation
25. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus
electron
1st law of thermodynamics
ribosomes
noncyclic phosphorylation
26. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.
primary electron acceptor
punnett square
smooth ER
metaphase
27. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane
phospholipids
contractile vacuoles
ATP
Integral proteins
28. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.
beta (B) pleated sheet
cytokenisis
nuclear lamina
cristae (plural - cristae)
29. The electrons in the outermost electron shell
oxidation
valence electrons
duchenne muscular dystropy
sulfhydryl group
30. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.
nuclear lamina
DNA ligase
genome
helicase
31. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.
amniocentesis
RNA splicing
polygenic inheritance
F1 generation
32. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.
phospholipid
NaD+
carotenoids
sexual reproduction
33. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
concentration gradient
acid precipitation
organic chemistry
nuclear lamina
34. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).
Integral proteins
functional groups
gametophyte
sex chromosomes
35. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.
DNA
capsid
bound ribosomes
beta (B) pleated sheet
36. Having an affinity to water
cilia
structural isomers
hydrophilic
genetic recombination
37. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this
genes
tight junctions
Cell-cell recognition
proton
38. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin
benign tumor
variation
macromolecule
buffers
39. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus
malignant tumor
flagella
gated channels
cilia
40. The attraction between different kinds of molecules
RNA splicing
inversion
adhesion
point mutation
41. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.
facilitated diffusion
golgi apparatus
amino group
C3 plants
42. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).
carbohydrates
mitochondria
ultra centrifuges
trans face
43. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.
cellular respiration
primer
homozygous
functions of the proteins
44. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.
plasmolysis
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
triplet code
Oxidative Phosphorylation
45. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.
template strand
denaturation
beta (B) pleated sheet
law of segregration
46. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
synapsis
electron transport chain
double helix
saturated fatty acid
47. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
hybridization
buffers
functional groups
linked genes
48. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.
pH
origins replication
leading strand
cystic fibrosis
49. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.
aerobic
solvent
alternation of generations
photophosphorylation
50. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.
inversion
microfilaments
neutron
hemophilia