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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






2. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






3. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






4. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






5. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






6. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






7. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






8. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.






9. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






10. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






11. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






12. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass






13. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.






14. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec






15. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






16. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






17. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






18. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






19. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






20. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






21. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






22. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






23. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






24. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






25. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






26. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom






27. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






28. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






29. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






30. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






31. A characteristic






32. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






33. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






34. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






35. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






36. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






37. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






38. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






39. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






40. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






41. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






42. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






43. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






44. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






45. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






46. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






47. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






48. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






49. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






50. Organizing the structures and activities of cells