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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






2. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






3. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






4. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






5. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






6. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






7. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






8. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






9. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






10. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






11. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






12. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






13. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






14. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






15. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






16. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






17. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






18. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






19. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






20. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






21. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






22. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






23. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






24. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.






25. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






26. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






27. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






28. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






29. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






30. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.






31. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






32. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






33. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.






34. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






35. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






36. Reproduction of cells






37. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






38. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






39. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






40. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






41. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






42. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






43. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






44. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






45. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






46. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






47. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






48. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






49. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






50. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.







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