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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






2. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






3. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






4. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.






5. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






6. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






7. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






8. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






9. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.






10. A heritable feature.






11. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






12. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






13. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






14. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






15. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.






16. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






17. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






18. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






19. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






20. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.






21. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






22. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






23. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






24. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






25. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






26. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






27. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






28. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






29. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






30. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






31. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the






32. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






33. A characteristic






34. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






35. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






36. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






37. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






38. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






39. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






40. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






41. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






42. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






43. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






44. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






45. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






46. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






47. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.






48. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






49. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts






50. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.