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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






2. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






3. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.






4. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






5. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






6. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






7. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






8. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






9. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






10. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






11. A solution in which water is the solvent






12. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.






13. Dissolving agent of a solution






14. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






15. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






16. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






17. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






18. Reproduction of cells






19. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






20. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






21. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






22. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






23. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






24. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






25. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






26. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






27. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






28. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






29. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






30. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






31. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






32. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






33. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






34. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






35. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






36. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






37. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






38. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






39. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






40. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






41. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






42. Anything takes up space and has mass






43. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






44. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






45. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






46. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.






47. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive






48. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






49. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






50. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.