Test your basic knowledge |

AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






2. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






3. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






4. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






5. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






6. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






7. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






8. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






9. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






10. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






11. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






12. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






13. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






14. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






15. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






16. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






17. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






18. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






19. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






20. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






21. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






22. An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. A monohybrid results from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles. For example - parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid genotype of Aa.






23. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






24. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






25. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






26. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






27. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






28. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






29. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






30. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






31. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






32. Differences between members of the same species.






33. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






34. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






35. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






36. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






37. A negatively charged ion






38. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






39. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






40. An individual with the normal phenotype.






41. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






42. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.






43. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






44. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






45. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






46. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






47. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






48. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.






49. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.






50. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule