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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






2. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






3. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






4. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






5. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






6. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






7. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






8. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






9. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






10. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






11. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






12. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






13. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






14. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






15. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






16. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






17. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






18. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






19. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






20. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






21. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






22. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






23. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






24. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






25. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






26. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






27. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






28. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






29. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






30. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






31. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






32. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






33. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






34. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






35. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






36. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






37. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






38. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






39. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






40. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole






41. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






42. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






43. A characteristic






44. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






45. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






46. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






47. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.






48. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






49. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






50. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.