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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






2. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






3. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






4. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






5. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.






6. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






7. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






8. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






9. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






10. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






11. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






12. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






13. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






14. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






15. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






16. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






17. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






18. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






19. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






20. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






21. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






22. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






23. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






24. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






25. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






26. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






27. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






28. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






29. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






30. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






31. A heritable feature.






32. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






33. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






34. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






35. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






36. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts






37. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






38. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






39. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






40. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






41. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






42. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






43. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






44. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






45. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






46. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






47. A characteristic






48. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






49. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






50. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.