Test your basic knowledge |

AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell






2. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






3. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






4. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






5. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






6. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






7. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






8. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






9. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






10. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






11. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






12. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.






13. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






14. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






15. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.






16. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






17. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






18. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






19. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






20. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a






21. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






22. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






23. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






24. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






25. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






26. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.






27. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






28. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






29. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






30. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






31. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






32. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






33. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






34. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






35. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






36. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






37. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






38. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






39. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






40. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






41. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






42. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






43. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






44. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






45. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






46. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






47. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






48. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






49. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






50. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts