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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
oxidizing agent
osmosis
polar covalent bonds
DNA
2. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
meiosis
mRNA
microfilaments
3. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.
aldehyde
photosystem I
law of independent assortment
mutagens
4. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.
plasma membrane
phospholipids
cystic fibrosis
aldehyde
5. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).
chiasmata
glycoproteins
sulfhydryl group
metastasis
6. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.
osmosis
genetic recombination
cell cycle
cell cycle control system
7. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.
flaccid (limp)
codominance
substrate
anticodon
8. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.
S phase
chromosome theory of inheritance
cristae (plural - cristae)
true breeding
9. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.
law of segregration
amniocentesis
asexual reproduction
neutron
10. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom
specific heat
neutron
glycosidic linkage
heredity
11. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)
osmoregulation
phospholipid
Peripheral proteins
bound ribosomes
12. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.
krebs Cycle
oxidizing agent
prometaphase
faculative anaerobes
13. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.
chromatin
intermediate filaments
heterozygous
acid precipitation
14. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.
electrogenic pumps
meiosis
mitochondria
isomers
15. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.
gametophyte
surface tension
mRNA
voltage
16. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically
cyclin
ATP
reduction
alcohol fermentation
17. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.
noncyclic electron flow
transcription
redox reactions
photosystem I
18. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.
competitive inhibitor
microtubules
passive transport
plasma membrane
19. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.
hypertonic
DNA
gated channels
centromere
20. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.
osmoregulation
F2 generation
thermodynamics
chloroplasts
21. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.
isomers
asexual reproduction
carbonyl groups
activation energy
22. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
element
monosaccharides
autotrophs
hydrocarbons
23. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.
punnett square
nucleus
chromosomes
G2 phase
24. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
phagocytosis
receptor mediated endocytosis
catalyst
primary transcript
25. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.
cholesterol
actin
ultra centrifuges
origins replication
26. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.
ketone
electron microscope
feedback inhibition
contractile vacuoles
27. The electrons in the outermost electron shell
valence electrons
aquaporins(water channel)
trisomic
polyploidy
28. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
reaction center
food vacuoles
homozygous
gated channels
29. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.
linkage map
light reactions
gated channels
RNA polymerase
30. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.
endocytosis
integral proteins
calvin cycle
photosystem II
31. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.
CAM
thermodynamics
hypotonic
law of segregration
32. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.
triplet code
Oxidative Phosphorylation
pleiotropy
heterotrophs
33. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons
phosphate group
covalent bonds
chemical bonds
cytoskeleton
34. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis
free energy
cytoplasm
mitotic spindle
pedigree
35. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
point mutation
carboxyl group
macromolecule
sporophyte
36. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis
grana
hypertonic
entropy
collagen
37. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.
osmoregulation
denaturation
contractile vacuoles
origins replication
38. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
cyclin
anaphase
photophosphorylation
missense mutations
39. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
acid
life cycle
carboxyl group
gametes
40. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
polymer
facilitated diffusion
nondisjunction
prophase
41. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration
cytoplasm
fermentation
glycolysis
translation
42. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
photosystem II
F1 generation
phospholipid
oxidation
43. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane
domains
oxidizing agent
passive transport
concentration gradient
44. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis
flagella
noncyclic electron flow
proton
cell plate
45. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism
noncyclic phosphorylation
isotonic
chlorophyll A
NaD+
46. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.
functional groups
cleavage
chloroplasts
flagella
47. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond
origins replication
hydrogen bond
pinocytosis
glycolysis
48. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.
cytological maps
DNA ligase
grana
kinetochore
49. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs
base pair substitution
nucleolus
absorption spectrum
malignant tumor
50. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr
ATP synthase
ribosomes
competitive inhibitor
transfer RNA