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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






2. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






3. Reproduction of cells






4. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






5. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






6. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






7. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






8. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






9. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






10. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






11. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






12. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






13. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes






14. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






15. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.






16. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






17. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






18. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






19. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






20. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






21. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






22. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






23. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






24. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






25. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






26. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






27. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






28. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






29. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive






30. A functional group important in energy transfer.






31. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






32. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






33. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






34. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






35. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






36. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






37. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






38. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






39. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






40. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






41. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






42. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






43. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






44. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






45. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






46. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






47. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






48. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






49. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






50. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts