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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






2. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






3. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






4. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






5. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






6. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






7. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






8. The reactant on which an enzyme works






9. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






10. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






11. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






12. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






13. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






14. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






15. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






16. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






17. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






18. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






19. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






20. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






21. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






22. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






23. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






24. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






25. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






26. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






27. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






28. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






29. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






30. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






31. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






32. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






33. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






34. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






35. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






36. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






37. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.






38. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons






39. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






40. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






41. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






42. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






43. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






44. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






45. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.






46. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






47. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






48. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






49. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






50. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.







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