Test your basic knowledge |

AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






2. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






3. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






4. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






5. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






6. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






7. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






8. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






9. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






10. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






11. Having an affinity to water






12. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.






13. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.






14. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






15. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






16. A functional group important in energy transfer.






17. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






18. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






19. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






20. A solution in which water is the solvent






21. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






22. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






23. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






24. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






25. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






26. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






27. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






28. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






29. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






30. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






31. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






32. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






33. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






34. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






35. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






36. A heritable feature.






37. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






38. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






39. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






40. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






41. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






42. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






43. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells






44. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






45. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






46. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






47. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






48. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






49. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






50. A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three - resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.