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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






2. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






3. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.






4. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






5. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






6. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






7. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






8. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






9. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






10. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






11. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






12. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec






13. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






14. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






15. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






16. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.






17. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






18. An individual with the normal phenotype.






19. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






20. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






21. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






22. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






23. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






24. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






25. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






26. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






27. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






28. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






29. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






30. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






31. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






32. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






33. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






34. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






35. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






36. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






37. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






38. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






39. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






40. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts






41. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






42. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






43. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






44. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






45. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






46. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.






47. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






48. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






49. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






50. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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