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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






2. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






3. Dissolving agent of a solution






4. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






5. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






6. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






7. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






8. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid






9. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






10. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






11. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.






12. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






13. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






14. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






15. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Cytosine (C) - thymine (T) - and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.






16. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






17. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






18. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






19. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






20. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






21. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






22. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






23. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






24. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






25. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






26. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






27. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






28. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.






29. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






30. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






31. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






32. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






33. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






34. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






35. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.






36. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






37. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






38. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






39. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






40. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.






41. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






42. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






43. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






44. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






45. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






46. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






47. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






48. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






49. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






50. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.







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