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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






2. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






3. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






4. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






5. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






6. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons






7. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






8. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






9. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






10. A characteristic






11. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






12. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






13. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.






14. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






15. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






16. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






17. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






18. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






19. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






20. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.






21. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






22. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






23. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






24. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






25. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






26. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






27. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






28. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






29. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






30. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






31. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






32. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






33. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






34. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






35. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.






36. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






37. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






38. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






39. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






40. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






41. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






42. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






43. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






44. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






45. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






46. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






47. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






48. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






49. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






50. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.






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