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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Differences between members of the same species.






2. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






3. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






4. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.






5. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






6. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






7. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






8. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






9. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site






10. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






11. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.






12. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






13. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






14. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






15. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






16. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons






17. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






18. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






19. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






20. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






21. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






22. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






23. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






24. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






25. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






26. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid






27. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






28. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.






29. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






30. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






31. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






32. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






33. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






34. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






35. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






36. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.






37. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






38. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






39. The reactant on which an enzyme works






40. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






41. Dissolving agent of a solution






42. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






43. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






44. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






45. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.






46. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






47. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






48. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






49. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






50. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution







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