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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The genetic makeup of an organism






2. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






3. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






4. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






5. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






6. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






7. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site






8. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






9. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






10. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






11. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






12. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






13. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






14. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






15. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






16. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






17. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






18. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






19. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






20. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






21. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






22. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






23. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






24. Differences between members of the same species.






25. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






26. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






27. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






28. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






29. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






30. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






31. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.






32. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






33. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






34. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






35. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






36. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.






37. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






38. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.






39. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






40. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






41. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






42. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






43. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






44. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






45. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






46. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






47. A gene located on a sex chromosome.






48. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid






49. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






50. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.