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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






2. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






3. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






4. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






5. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






6. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






7. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






8. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






9. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.






10. Anything takes up space and has mass






11. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






12. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






13. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






14. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






15. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






16. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






17. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell






18. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






19. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






20. A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.






21. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






22. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






23. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






24. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






25. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






26. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






27. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






28. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






29. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






30. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






31. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






32. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






33. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.






34. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






35. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.






36. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






37. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






38. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






39. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






40. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






41. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






42. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






43. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






44. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






45. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






46. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






47. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






48. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






49. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






50. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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