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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






2. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






3. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.






4. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






5. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






6. A gene located on a sex chromosome.






7. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






8. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






9. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






10. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






11. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






12. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






13. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






14. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes






15. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






16. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






17. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






18. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.






19. The genetic makeup of an organism






20. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






21. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






22. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






23. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






24. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






25. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






26. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






27. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






28. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






29. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






30. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






31. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






32. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






33. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






34. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






35. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






36. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






37. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






38. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






39. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






40. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






41. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






42. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






43. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






44. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






45. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






46. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






47. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






48. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






49. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






50. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.