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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






2. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.






3. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






4. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






5. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






6. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.






7. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






8. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






9. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






10. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






11. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






12. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






13. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






14. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






15. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






16. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






17. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






18. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






19. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






20. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






21. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.






22. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






23. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






24. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






25. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






26. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






27. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






28. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






29. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






30. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






31. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






32. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






33. A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.






34. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






35. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






36. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






37. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.






38. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






39. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






40. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






41. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






42. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






43. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






44. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






45. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






46. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.






47. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






48. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






49. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






50. The attraction between different kinds of molecules