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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






2. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






3. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






4. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






5. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






6. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






7. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






8. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






9. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






10. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






11. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






12. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






13. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






14. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






15. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






16. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






17. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






18. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






19. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






20. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






21. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






22. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






23. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






24. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






25. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






26. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






27. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






28. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






29. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






30. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






31. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)






32. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






33. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






34. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a






35. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






36. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






37. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






38. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






39. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






40. Anything takes up space and has mass






41. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






42. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






43. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






44. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






45. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






46. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






47. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






48. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






49. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






50. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.