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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases
stroma
density dependent inhibitor
CAM
heredity
2. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.
substrate
monosomic
F2 generation
bound ribosomes
3. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).
cis face
allosteric site
genes
incomplete dominance
4. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.
flaccid (limp)
glycogen
condensation reaction
turgid (firm)
5. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.
pinocytosis
centrosome
genome
free energy
6. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.
amphipathic molecules
beta (B) pleated sheet
polyploidy
sexual reproduction
7. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.
ribosomes
F2 generation
haploid cells
nucleus
8. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.
fermentation
sodium potassium pump
primer
element
9. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.
diffusion
sex chromosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
trans face
10. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons
chlorophyll B
covalent bonds
peptide bond
heterotrophs
11. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings
endergonic reaction
transport proteins
aldehyde
law of independent assortment
12. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins
phospholipids
passive transport
G0 phase
photophosphorylation
13. An individual with the normal phenotype.
amphipathic molecules
sexual reproduction
wild type
cellulose
14. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.
ultra centrifuges
photorespiration
trisomic
chlorophyll
15. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.
ketone
fluid mosaic model
mesophyll cell
transcription unit
16. The electron donor in a redox reaction.
reducing agent
photosystem I
organelles
cis face
17. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.
autotrophs
trisomic
peptide bond
temperature
18. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i
plasma membrane
ligands
sodium potassium pump
active transport
19. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character
phagocytosis
helicase
heterozygous
electrogenic pump
20. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.
diploid cells
chromatin
exergonic reaction
autotrophs
21. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.
sodium potassium pump
nucleus
endergonic reaction
primary transcript
22. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane
extracellular matrix
light reactions
passive transport
F1 generation
23. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this
desmosome
active transport
chloroplasts
trans face
24. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically
energy coupling
cyclin
terminator
cotransport
25. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.
sister chromatids
beta (B) pleated sheet
telophase
active site
26. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.
law of independent assortment
pinocytosis
gap junctions
photon
27. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells
thermodynamics
faculative anaerobes
peptide bond
meiosis
28. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.
cell cycle
cristae (plural - cristae)
flaccid (limp)
integral proteins
29. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.
phospholipid
hydrophobic
ATP
cell fractionation
30. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.
F2 generation
krebs Cycle
glycogen
hydrolysis
31. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body
flaccid (limp)
smooth ER
F2 generation
CAM
32. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis
double helix
phosphate group
nucleolus
mitotic spindle
33. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
stroma
amphipathic molecules
hydrolysis
osmosis
34. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.
cytological maps
ribosomal RNA
centrosome
aldehyde
35. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material
dehydration reaction
induced fit
osmoregulation
genome
36. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria
inversion
cohesion
peroxisomes
Cytochrome
37. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction
sporophyte
microfilaments
calvin cycle
structural isomers
38. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.
centrosome
C3 plants
malignant tumor
cell wall
39. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.
absorption spectrum
template strand
F2 generation
cytoplasm
40. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.
prometaphase
extracellular matrix
pleiotropy
endoplasmic reticulum
41. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.
dehydration reaction
photosystem II
mismatch repair
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
42. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement
valence electrons
sex chromosomes
microtubules
active transport
43. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
chlorophyll
electrochemical gradient
noncompetitive inhibitor
inversion
44. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs
G1 phase
thylakoids
primary transcript
linked genes
45. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins
nondisjunction
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
tonoplast
facilitated diffusion
46. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.
chromosome theory of inheritance
frameshift mutation
fermentation
sex linked genes
47. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule
sodium potassium pump
Oxidative Phosphorylation
growth factor
transcription unit
48. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
saturated fatty acid
collagen
smooth ER
duchenne muscular dystropy
49. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.
F1 generation
light reactions
chlorophyll B
beta (B) pleated sheet
50. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits
carboxyl group
electron microscope
cyclin
ribosomes