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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






2. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






3. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






4. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






5. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






6. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






7. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






8. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






9. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






10. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






11. Differences between members of the same species.






12. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






13. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.






14. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






15. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






16. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






17. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






18. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






19. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






20. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






21. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






22. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






23. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






24. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






25. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






26. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






27. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






28. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






29. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






30. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






31. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






32. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






33. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






34. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






35. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






36. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






37. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






38. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






39. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






40. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






41. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






42. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






43. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






44. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






45. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






46. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse






47. Reproduction of cells






48. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






49. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






50. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.