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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






2. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






3. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






4. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






5. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






6. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






7. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






8. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






9. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






10. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






11. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






12. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






13. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






14. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






15. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.






16. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






17. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






18. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






19. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






20. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






21. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






22. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






23. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.






24. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






25. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






26. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






27. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






28. Anything takes up space and has mass






29. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






30. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






31. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






32. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






33. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






34. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts






35. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






36. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






37. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






38. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






39. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






40. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






41. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






42. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






43. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.






44. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






45. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






46. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






47. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






48. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






49. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






50. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.