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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins
telophase
Acetyl CoA
osmosis
P. generation
2. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
photophosphorylation
functional groups
hemophilia
homologous chromosomes
3. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.
heat
metastasis
carboxyl group
amino group
4. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and
duchenne muscular dystropy
transport proteins
active site
intermediate filaments
5. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.
pyrimidines
sex linked genes
valence electrons
punnett square
6. A solution in which water is the solvent
plasmolysis
aqueous solution
cilia
voltage
7. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for
interphase
active transport
concentration gradient
hypertonic
8. Organizing the structures and activities of cells
cytoskeleton
isotonic
protein
2nd law of thermodynamics
9. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.
somatic cell
mismatch repair
exons
temperature
10. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
organic chemistry
polyribosomes
acid
promoter
11. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.
linked genes
sodium potassium pump
amino group
fatty acid
12. The electrons in the outermost electron shell
cell division
photorespiration
deletion
valence electrons
13. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
denaturation
diffusion
missense mutations
starch
14. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.
bound ribosomes
RNA
thylakoids
cell fractionation
15. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree
krebs Cycle
alcohol fermentation
specific heat
domains
16. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti
ribosomal RNA
carbohydrates
cell cycle control system
linkage map
17. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
electronegativity
fermentation
phosphate group
active transport
18. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.
Cell-cell recognition
heterozygous
transfer RNA
genetics
19. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o
functions of the proteins
pleiotropy
gametes
aqueous solution
20. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
kinetochore
sporophyte
gametophyte
helicase
21. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells
heterotrophs
meiosis
hemophilia
centromere
22. A negatively charged ion
anion
sex linked genes
valence electrons
phospholipids
23. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.
double helix
meiosis
C4 plants
spliceosome
24. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome
chromatin
cytological maps
meiosis
sickle cell anemia
25. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.
genome
chlorophyll
variation
2nd law of thermodynamics
26. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen
anaerobic
receptor mediated endocytosis
photorespiration
cyclic electron flow
27. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
acid
phagocytosis
introns
feedback inhibition
28. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
turgid (firm)
linkage map
leading strand
gametes
29. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell
anaphase
prophase
matter
phospholipid
30. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.
proton motive force
glycoproteins
C4 plants
dominant allele
31. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.
RNA splicing
heat
cotransport
competitive inhibitor
32. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.
linked genes
ribosomal RNA
nucleolus
turgid (firm)
33. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.
cytoskeleton
plasmolysis
telomeres
spliceosome
34. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.
geometric isomers
cohesion
prokaryotic cell
nucleolus
35. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
DNA
missense mutations
DNA ligase
36. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.
base
cell wall
chromosome theory of inheritance
turgid (firm)
37. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
mRNA
cytoskeleton
chromosomes
chromatin
38. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.
parental types
compound
mitotoic phase
insertion
39. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
cellular respiration
solute
base
fermentation
40. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.
F2 generation
photophosphorylation
autotrophs
isomers
41. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element
isomers
ATP synthase
atom
chlorophyll B
42. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.
food vacuoles
base pair substitution
hypertonic
ribosomes
43. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits
sulfhydryl group
ribosomes
sexual reproduction
integral proteins
44. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate
microtubules
solution
metaphase
isotonic
45. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.
membrane potential
wavelength
neutron
allosteric site
46. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
homozygous
genetic recombination
collagen
electrochemical gradient
47. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically
diploid cells
Acetyl CoA
sickle cell anemia
cyclin
48. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.
tight junctions
1st law of thermodynamics
microtubules
surface tension
49. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle
phagocytosis
lactid acid fermentation
cell cycle control system
cystic fibrosis
50. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.
unsaturated fatty acid
carotenoids
purines
C3 plants
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