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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






2. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






3. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






4. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






5. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






6. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.






7. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






8. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






9. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






10. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






11. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






12. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






13. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.






14. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






15. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






16. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






17. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






18. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






19. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






20. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






21. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






22. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






23. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






24. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






25. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.






26. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.






27. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






28. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






29. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






30. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






31. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






32. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






33. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






34. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






35. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






36. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






37. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






38. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






39. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






40. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






41. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






42. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






43. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






44. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






45. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






46. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






47. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






48. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






49. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






50. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr