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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.
isomers
barr body
receptor mediated endocytosis
cilia
2. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids
carbohydrates
centromere
osmoregulation
lactid acid fermentation
3. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.
concentration gradient
photosystem I
translation
meiosis
4. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.
sexual reproduction
oxidizing agent
light reactions
aerobic
5. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.
action spectrum
phospholipid
monomer
pH
6. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.
mitochondria
P. generation
compound
linkage map
7. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.
somatic cells
bacteriophage
transfer RNA
ribosomes
8. A solution in which water is the solvent
chlorophyll A
base
aqueous solution
nucleoid
9. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.
transfer RNA
matter
calvin cycle
fat
10. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material
Acetyl CoA
density dependent inhibitor
genome
nucleic acid
11. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
meiosis
diffusion
C4 plants
passive transport
12. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits
ribosomes
cell cycle
amphipathic molecules
carotenoids
13. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.
energy coupling
haploid cells
peripheral proteins
flaccid (limp)
14. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases
leading strand
cell cycle
mesophyll cell
polygenic inheritance
15. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins
organic chemistry
noncyclic electron flow
chromosomes
base
16. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle
desmosome
collagen
interphase
chromatin
17. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis
chlorophyll
mitotic spindle
endocytosis
aerobic
18. Organizing the structures and activities of cells
cytoskeleton
cotransport
turgid (firm)
monohybrids
19. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
base
hydrophilic
plastids
hydrogen bond
20. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.
helicase
turgid (firm)
condensation reaction
proton
21. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.
cell division
flagella
haploid cells
polyploidy
22. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II
Oxidative Phosphorylation
monohybrids
sister chromatids
plasma membrane
23. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.
quantitive characters
chemical bonds
active site
peroxisome
24. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.
gametophyte
RNA splicing
plasmolysis
chloroplast
25. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina
golgi apparatus
intermediate filaments
centrosomes
alcohol fermentation
26. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
ultra centrifuges
cytokenisis
isomers
chromosomes
27. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.
integral proteins
neutron
cyclic electron flow
law of segregration
28. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)
lysosomes
bound ribosomes
lactid acid fermentation
leading strand
29. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.
life cycle
macromolecule
chromatin
noncyclic phosphorylation
30. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.
pleiotropy
alcohol fermentation
catalyst
desmosome
31. A functional group important in energy transfer.
phosphate group
electrogenic pumps
hemophilia
prophase
32. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis
cell fractionation
ribosomes
cohesion
cytokenisis
33. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o
functions of the proteins
organic chemistry
saturated fatty acid
RNA splicing
34. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.
transcription
nucleolus
reaction center
monosomic
35. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell
centrosome
tumor
cytological maps
hydrophobic
36. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
isomers
exocytosis
double helix
mitochondria
37. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20
peptide bond
energy coupling
chloroplast
trisomic
38. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.
C3 plants
G0 phase
monosomic
thylakoids
39. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin
photosystem I
saturated fatty acid
benign tumor
density dependent inhibitor
40. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car
cytoskeleton
photorespiration
triplet code
polygenic inheritance
41. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.
neutron
fatty acid
flagella
chloroplasts
42. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane
chemical bonds
replication fork
ATP
smooth ER
43. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.
aerobic
genetics
noncyclic electron flow
monomer
44. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.
translation
NADP+
barr body
origins replication
45. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.
diffusion
cohesion
viral envelope
linkage map
46. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.
template strand
free ribosomes
polyribosomes
thermodynamics
47. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.
somatic cells
endoplasmic reticulum
passive transport
gated channels
48. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome
barr body
chromatin
heterozygous
glycoproteins
49. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism
chromosome theory of inheritance
solution
NaD+
unsaturated fatty acid
50. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.
sulfhydryl group
mutagens
life cycle
kinetochore