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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible
crossing over
cell wall
telomeres
beta (B) pleated sheet
2. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
free energy
Acetyl CoA
functional groups
substrate
3. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.
RNA
homozygous
disaccharides
extracellular matrix
4. Dissolving agent of a solution
dehydration reaction
malignant tumor
solvent
nuclease
5. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane
sodium potassium pump
C3 plants
ATP
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
6. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.
replication fork
Peripheral proteins
anaerobic
pedigree
7. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.
phagocytosis
protein
chromosomes
amniocentesis
8. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
chiasmata
fertilization
promoter
transport proteins
9. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs
electromagnetic spectrum
lagging strand
malignant tumor
electrogenic pumps
10. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
element
hypotonic
replication fork
11. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra
phosphate group
chlorophyll
electrochemical gradient
monosaccharides
12. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
helicase
cyclic electron flow
fluid mosaic model
13. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction
cytological maps
peptide bond
genetics
fatty acid
14. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
mitotic spindle
chiasmata
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
tumor
15. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.
temperature
sodium potassium pump
NADP+
telomeres
16. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins
homologous chromosomes
chromosomes
photosystem II
RNA processing
17. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients
facilitated diffusion
wavelength
electron microscope
activation energy
18. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.
diffusion
sporophyte
telomeres
exons
19. A functional group important in energy transfer.
chloroplasts
ATP
introns
phosphate group
20. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.
lagging strand
amino group
feedback inhibition
cotransport
21. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.
binary fission
sodium potassium pump
diploid cells
centrosome
22. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts
trace elements
heredity
microfilaments
gametes
23. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.
unsaturated fatty acid
polygenic inheritance
calvin cycle
true breeding
24. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.
grana
Oxidative Phosphorylation
carbonyl groups
bacteriophage
25. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.
cytoplasm
1st law of thermodynamics
proton motive force
chlorophyll A
26. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote
electrogenic pumps
microfilaments
gametes
DNA
27. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
surface tension
energy coupling
photosystem I
amino group
28. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help
hydrophilic
helicase
prokaryotic cell
mitochondria
29. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
prometaphase
structural isomers
bound ribosomes
plasma membrane
30. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.
chlorophyll
introns
hemophilia
steroids
31. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
collagen
phosphate group
kinetochore
carbohydrates
32. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin
asexual reproduction
benign tumor
chromatin
base
33. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis
cytokenisis
carbonyl groups
structural isomers
complete dominance
34. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.
photorespiration
DNA ligase
phospholipids
valence electrons
35. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.
homologous chromosomes
terminator
law of independent assortment
monomer
36. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.
peripheral proteins
monomer
feedback inhibition
specific heat
37. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.
base
pinocytosis
mitosis
reducing agent
38. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.
cytosol
beta (B) pleated sheet
meiosis
nuclear lamina
39. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
NADP+
starch
hydrolysis
leading strand
40. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
mismatch repair
life cycle
active site
absorption spectrum
41. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes
genome
solvent
endoplasmic reticulum
complete dominance
42. Collagen most abundant in animal cells
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
spliceosome
heterotrophs
genetics
43. The electron donor in a redox reaction.
reducing agent
monomer
sulfhydryl group
redox reactions
44. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.
gametes
fluid mosaic model
sexual reproduction
peroxisomes
45. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.
parental types
amino acid
phospholipids
disaccharides
46. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell
isotonic
tumor
genetic recombination
cyclin
47. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins
absorption spectrum
rough ER
chloroplast
facilitated diffusion
48. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
mitochondria
grana
nucleic acid
smooth ER
49. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells
cis face
growth factor
substrate
codominance
50. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.
somatic cells
mitotic spindle
gametes
heterotrophs