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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






2. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






3. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






4. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






5. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






6. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






7. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






8. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






9. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






10. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






11. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






12. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






13. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






14. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






15. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






16. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






17. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






18. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






19. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






20. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






21. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






22. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






23. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






24. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






25. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






26. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






27. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






28. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass






29. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






30. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






31. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






32. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






33. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






34. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






35. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






36. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






37. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






38. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






39. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






40. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






41. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






42. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






43. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






44. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






45. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






46. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






47. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






48. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






49. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






50. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.