Test your basic knowledge |

AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






2. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






3. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






4. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






5. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






6. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






7. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






8. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






9. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






10. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






11. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






12. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






13. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






14. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






15. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






16. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






17. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






18. An individual with the normal phenotype.






19. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






20. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






21. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






22. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment






23. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






24. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






25. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






26. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






27. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






28. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






29. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






30. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






31. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






32. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)






33. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.






34. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells






35. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






36. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.






37. The genetic makeup of an organism






38. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






39. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






40. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






41. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






42. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






43. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






44. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






45. A negatively charged ion






46. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






47. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






48. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






49. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






50. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.