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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






2. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






3. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






4. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






5. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






6. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






7. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






8. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






9. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






10. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






11. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec






12. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.






13. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






14. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






15. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells






16. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






17. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






18. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.






19. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






20. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






21. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






22. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






23. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






24. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






25. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






26. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the






27. Having an affinity to water






28. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






29. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






30. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






31. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






32. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse






33. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






34. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






35. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






36. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






37. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






38. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.






39. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






40. A characteristic






41. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






42. The genetic makeup of an organism






43. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






44. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.






45. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






46. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






47. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom






48. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






49. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.






50. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.