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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






2. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






3. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






4. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






5. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






6. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.






7. A functional group important in energy transfer.






8. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






9. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






10. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






11. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






12. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.






13. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






14. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






15. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.






16. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






17. An individual with the normal phenotype.






18. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






19. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






20. An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. A monohybrid results from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles. For example - parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid genotype of Aa.






21. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






22. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






23. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






24. A characteristic






25. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






26. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.






27. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






28. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






29. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






30. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






31. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






32. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






33. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






34. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






35. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.






36. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






37. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






38. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






39. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






40. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






41. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






42. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)






43. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






44. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






45. Having an affinity to water






46. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






47. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






48. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






49. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






50. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.