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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.
telomeres
heterozygous
chromatin
ribosomal RNA
2. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds
light reactions
adhesion
extracellular matrix
cohesion
3. Differences between members of the same species.
pinocytosis
surface tension
variation
parental types
4. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
lysosomes
ATP synthase
tumor
incomplete dominance
5. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20
cellular respiration
terminator
chloroplast
tetrad
6. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
isotonic
photophosphorylation
fluid mosaic model
7. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.
transcription unit
1st law of thermodynamics
plasma membrane
golgi apparatus
8. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.
fatty acid
nucleolus
cotransport
meiosis
9. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.
haploid cells
activation energy
flagella
proton
10. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
electrochemical gradient
electron transport chain
glycoproteins
beta (B) pleated sheet
11. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids
cell cycle control system
fat
transfer RNA
electron transport chain
12. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).
primary electron acceptor
mRNA
beta oxidation
aquaporins(water channel)
13. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis
autotrophs
codominance
grana
dominant allele
14. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases
cell cycle
carboxyl group
phagocytosis
tumor
15. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass
electronegativity
isotopes
nucleus
polyploidy
16. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.
crossing over
DNA ligase
activation energy
primary transcript
17. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti
beta oxidation
isotopes
phospholipids
linkage map
18. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.
somatic cells
transcription unit
proton pump
transport vesicles
19. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism
substrate
NaD+
prometaphase
proton motive force
20. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.
cell plate
nucleolus
polyploidy
prokaryotic cell
21. An individual with the normal phenotype.
gap junctions
wild type
pedigree
chromatin
22. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps
electrogenic pumps
cell fractionation
ATP
photosystem I
23. A characteristic
Rough ER
cell wall
centrioles
trait
24. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule
surface tension
transcription unit
chromatin
1st law of thermodynamics
25. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.
photorespiration
F2 generation
dominant allele
lagging strand
26. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen
binary fission
hydrogen bond
cotransport
proton pump
27. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.
punnett square
voltage
epistasis
action spectrum
28. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.
cohesion
oxidizing agent
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
hydrogen bond
29. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).
lagging strand
membrane potential
organic chemistry
trisomic
30. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus
electron
endoplasmic reticulum
complete dominance
microfilaments
31. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.
codons
extracellular matrix
cotransport
gametes
32. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.
isomers
fertilization
cell plate
inversion
33. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.
life cycle
mesophyll cell
exons
sporophyte
34. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins
G0 phase
monosaccharides
calvin cycle
reaction center
35. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.
trisomic
leading strand
nuclear envelope
cystic fibrosis
36. The electron donor in a redox reaction.
reducing agent
primary electron acceptor
base pair substitution
fluid mosaic model
37. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
oxidation
viral envelope
active transport
hydrophilic
38. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate
metaphase
inversion
ribosomes
cell cycle control system
39. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car
photorespiration
sporophyte
origins replication
ribosomes
40. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.
surface tension
thylakoids
dehydration reaction
terminator
41. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.
amino acid
cytoplasm
chromatin
stroma
42. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.
smooth ER
feedback inhibition
intermediate filaments
primary transcript
43. A heritable feature.
character
phosphate group
complete dominance
acid
44. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.
chloroplast
genotype
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
duchenne muscular dystropy
45. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
ketone
actin
active transport
desmosome
46. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
collagen
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
pinocytosis
coenzyme
47. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).
hypertonic
enantiomers
Peripheral proteins
plastids
48. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs
transformation
atom
G1 phase
trisomic
49. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.
density dependent inhibitor
denaturation
ribosomes
C4 plants
50. Reproduction of cells
promoter
cell division
tetrad
mRNA