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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






2. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






3. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






4. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






5. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






6. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






7. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






8. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






9. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






10. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






11. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






12. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






13. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






14. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






15. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






16. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






17. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






18. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






19. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






20. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






21. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






22. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






23. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






24. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






25. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






26. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.






27. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






28. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






29. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






30. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






31. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






32. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






33. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






34. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a






35. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






36. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






37. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






38. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






39. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell






40. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






41. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






42. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.






43. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






44. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






45. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






46. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






47. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






48. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






49. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






50. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.