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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.
base
monomer
genetics
amphipathic molecules
2. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane
cilia
cell fractionation
passive transport
polymer
3. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement
ultra centrifuges
CAM
microtubules
Acetyl CoA
4. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome
chromatin
substrate
exons
organelles
5. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.
transcription unit
transfer RNA
lysosomes
NADP+
6. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus
sulfhydryl group
neutron
electron
template strand
7. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form
stroma
heat
cellulose
reaction center
8. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
action spectrum
hydroxyl groups
ribosomes
anticodon
9. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass
hydroxyl groups
noncyclic phosphorylation
isotopes
matter
10. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell
hydroxyl groups
karyotype
nucleoid
cleavage
11. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.
intermediate filaments
telophase
competitive inhibitor
homologous chromosomes
12. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.
peroxisomes
flaccid (limp)
fertilization
cytosol
13. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
osmoregulation
fertilization
plasmolysis
turgid (firm)
14. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.
origins replication
DNA ligase
pleiotropy
RNA processing
15. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle
kinetochore
cyclin
interphase
heat
16. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs
promoter
hypotonic
stroma
G2 phase
17. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).
Integral proteins
law of independent assortment
prokaryotic cell
aerobic
18. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.
somatic cells
quantitive characters
freeze-fracture
endoplasmic reticulum
19. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin
sister chromatids
integral proteins
oxidation
benign tumor
20. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.
disaccharides
trisomic
anaphase
electrochemical gradient
21. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.
light reactions
insertion
competitive inhibitor
noncyclic phosphorylation
22. The electrons in the outermost electron shell
crossing over
valence electrons
F1 generation
functional groups
23. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.
collagen
dominant allele
synapsis
feedback inhibition
24. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
genetics
synapsis
double helix
nucleus
25. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.
chlorophyll
chloroplasts
wavelength
concentration gradient
26. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.
anaerobic
RNA splicing
Cell-cell recognition
desmosome
27. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.
photophosphorylation
missense mutations
RNA processing
somatic cell
28. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis
ribosomes
absorption spectrum
mitotoic phase
point mutation
29. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.
heredity
competitive inhibitor
diffusion
passive transport
30. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.
electron transport chain
freeze-fracture
benign tumor
base pair substitution
31. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.
coenzyme
gated channels
quantitive characters
cell wall
32. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.
anticodon
pinocytosis
F2 generation
duchenne muscular dystropy
33. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins
thylakoids
telomeres
chromosomes
primer
34. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
aerobic
photophosphorylation
electrochemical gradient
transformation
35. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.
2nd law of thermodynamics
telophase
isotopes
hydrolysis
36. Reproduction of cells
polysaccharides
mRNA
C3 plants
cell division
37. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.
bundle sheath cell
mitochondria
autotrophs
template strand
38. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.
polyploidy
nucleoid
somatic cell
valence electrons
39. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
ATP
beta (B) pleated sheet
lysosomes
buffers
40. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the
cytological maps
asexual reproduction
fluid mosaic model
peroxisome
41. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.
meiosis
ketone
hypotonic
G2 phase
42. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties
helicase
prokaryotic cell
incomplete dominance
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
43. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of
Peripheral proteins
electrogenic pumps
RNA polymerase
electron microscope
44. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.
F2 generation
photosystem II
absorption spectrum
centrosome
45. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
prokaryotic cell
translation
DNA
cell plate
46. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.
cation
active site
peptide bond
solution
47. A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three - resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Cell-cell recognition
smooth ER
frameshift mutation
48. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II
stroma
solute
sister chromatids
bacteriophage
49. Organizing the structures and activities of cells
diffusion
cytoskeleton
voltage
G2 phase
50. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom
monomer
parental types
neutron
Peripheral proteins