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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.
organic chemistry
duchenne muscular dystropy
cytoplasm
cristae (plural - cristae)
2. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.
rough ER
protein
trace elements
buffers
3. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.
mitochondria
law of independent assortment
crossing over
oxidizing agent
4. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl
nucleus
CAM
tumor
noncompetitive inhibitor
5. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.
noncyclic electron flow
purines
chlorophyll
cytoskeleton
6. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.
law of segregration
ATP synthase
voltage
isomers
7. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.
punnett square
prophase
F1 generation
growth factor
8. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.
isomers
benign tumor
phosphate group
alternation of generations
9. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases
absorption spectrum
clone
density dependent inhibitor
adhesion
10. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.
Acetyl CoA
lysosomes
macromolecule
cellular respiration
11. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.
tetrad
thermodynamics
ribosomal RNA
turgid (firm)
12. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
fatty acid
fertilization
origins replication
Cytochrome
13. A gene located on a sex chromosome.
sex linked genes
bundle sheath cell
protein
Oxidative Phosphorylation
14. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.
insertion
beta (B) pleated sheet
smooth ER
P. generation
15. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
homozygous
exocytosis
NADP+
cell fractionation
16. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy
fluid mosaic model
golgi apparatus
exergonic reaction
diffusion
17. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle
incomplete dominance
cell cycle control system
golgi apparatus
cytokenisis
18. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
dominant allele
haploid cells
element
photon
19. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.
lactid acid fermentation
transport proteins
malignant tumor
peroxisome
20. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.
pinocytosis
chlorophyll
anion
polygenic inheritance
21. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.
plastids
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
glycosidic linkage
entropy
22. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.
density dependent inhibitor
binary fission
extracellular matrix
carboxyl group
23. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
chromosomes
promoter
transcription
energy coupling
24. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell
sex linked genes
purines
anaphase
glycogen
25. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.
C4 plants
inversion
spectrophotometer
actin
26. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules
diffusion
interphase
mitochondria
lysosomes
27. Anything takes up space and has mass
electronegativity
matter
diffusion
sporophyte
28. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs
base pair substitution
G2 phase
noncyclic phosphorylation
specific heat
29. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.
concentration gradient
golgi apparatus
anion
structural isomers
30. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.
sex chromosomes
krebs Cycle
endoplasmic reticulum
sodium potassium pump
31. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
adhesion
lysosomes
duplication
carboxyl group
32. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
somatic cells
amino group
hydroxyl groups
nucleolus
33. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.
lysosomes
cyclic photophosphorylation
parental types
concentration gradient
34. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.
action spectrum
law of independent assortment
replication fork
smooth ER
35. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.
hydrophobic
cytokenisis
polar covalent bonds
chloroplasts
36. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this
desmosome
alcohol fermentation
trait
carbohydrates
37. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles
meiosis
homozygous
epistasis
nuclear envelope
38. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.
transfer RNA
duplication
amino acid
condensation reaction
39. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti
cytoskeleton
clone
linkage map
pinocytosis
40. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom
free energy
proton
enantiomers
protein
41. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus
sex linked genes
electron
photophosphorylation
interphase
42. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.
base pair substitution
dominant allele
sodium potassium pump
aerobic
43. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.
intermediate filaments
central vacuole
ATP
centrosomes
44. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges
pinocytosis
voltage
transformation
passive transport
45. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
condensation reaction
passive transport
concentration gradient
macromolecule
46. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts
Cytochrome
cell cycle control system
gated channels
spliceosome
47. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.
energy coupling
cell fractionation
growth factor
true breeding
48. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water
hypertonic
punnett square
phospholipids
hydrophobic
49. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
beta oxidation
meiosis
gametes
base
50. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.
chiasmata
primary transcript
polyribosomes
organelles