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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






2. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






3. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






4. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






5. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






6. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






7. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






8. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






9. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






10. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






11. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.






12. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






13. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






14. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






15. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






16. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






17. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






18. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






19. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.






20. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






21. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






22. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






23. Differences between members of the same species.






24. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.






25. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






26. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






27. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.






28. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






29. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






30. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






31. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






32. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






33. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






34. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






35. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






36. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






37. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.






38. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






39. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






40. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






41. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






42. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






43. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec






44. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






45. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






46. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






47. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






48. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






49. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






50. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen