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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






2. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






3. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






4. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






5. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






6. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






7. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






8. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






9. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






10. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






11. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






12. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






13. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






14. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






15. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






16. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






17. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






18. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






19. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.






20. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






21. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






22. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






23. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






24. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






25. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






26. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






27. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






28. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






29. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






30. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.






31. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






32. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






33. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






34. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






35. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






36. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






37. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






38. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






39. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






40. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






41. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






42. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.






43. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






44. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






45. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.






46. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






47. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






48. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






49. Differences between members of the same species.






50. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle