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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






2. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






3. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






4. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






5. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






6. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.






7. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






8. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






9. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






10. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






11. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






12. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






13. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






14. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






15. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






16. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






17. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






18. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






19. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






20. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






21. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






22. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






23. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






24. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






25. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






26. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






27. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






28. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






29. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






30. A heritable feature.






31. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






32. Reproduction of cells






33. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






34. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






35. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






36. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






37. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






38. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






39. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






40. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






41. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






42. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






43. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






44. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a






45. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






46. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






47. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






48. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






49. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






50. Having an affinity to water