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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






2. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






3. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






4. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






5. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






6. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






7. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






8. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






9. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






10. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






11. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






12. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






13. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






14. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.






15. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.






16. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






17. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






18. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






19. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






20. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






21. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






22. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






23. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






24. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






25. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






26. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






27. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






28. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






29. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






30. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






31. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






32. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.






33. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






34. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






35. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






36. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






37. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






38. A gene located on a sex chromosome.






39. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






40. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid






41. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






42. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






43. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






44. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






45. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






46. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






47. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






48. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






49. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






50. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.