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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






2. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






3. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






4. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






5. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






6. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






7. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






8. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment






9. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






10. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






11. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






12. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell






13. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






14. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






15. Differences between members of the same species.






16. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






17. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






18. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






19. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






20. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






21. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






22. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






23. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






24. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






25. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






26. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






27. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






28. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






29. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






30. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






31. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






32. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






33. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






34. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






35. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






36. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






37. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






38. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.






39. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






40. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






41. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






42. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






43. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






44. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






45. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






46. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






47. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






48. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






49. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






50. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts