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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






2. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






3. The reactant on which an enzyme works






4. Region where cells microtubules are initiated






5. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






6. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






7. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






8. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






9. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






10. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






11. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






12. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






13. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






14. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






15. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






16. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






17. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






18. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






19. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






20. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






21. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






22. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






23. Reproduction of cells






24. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






25. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






26. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






27. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






28. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






29. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






30. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






31. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






32. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






33. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






34. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






35. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






36. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






37. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






38. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive






39. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.






40. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






41. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






42. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






43. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






44. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






45. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






46. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






47. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






48. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






49. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






50. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.







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