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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






2. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






3. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






4. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






5. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






6. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.






7. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






8. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






9. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






10. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






11. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






12. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






13. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






14. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






15. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






16. Differences between members of the same species.






17. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






18. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






19. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






20. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






21. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






22. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






23. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






24. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






25. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






26. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)






27. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.






28. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.






29. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






30. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






31. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






32. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






33. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






34. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






35. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






36. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec






37. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






38. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






39. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






40. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






41. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






42. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






43. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






44. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






45. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






46. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






47. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






48. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






49. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






50. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.