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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






2. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid






3. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






4. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






5. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






6. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






7. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






8. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






9. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






10. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






11. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






12. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.






13. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






14. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






15. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






16. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






17. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






18. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






19. A negatively charged ion






20. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






21. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






22. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






23. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






24. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






25. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






26. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






27. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






28. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






29. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






30. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






31. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)






32. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






33. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






34. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






35. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






36. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.






37. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






38. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






39. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






40. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






41. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






42. A heritable feature.






43. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






44. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






45. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






46. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.






47. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






48. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






49. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






50. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases