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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






2. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






3. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






4. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






5. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






6. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






7. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Cytosine (C) - thymine (T) - and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.






8. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






9. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






10. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






11. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






12. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)






13. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






14. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






15. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






16. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






17. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






18. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.






19. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






20. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons






21. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






22. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






23. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.






24. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






25. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






26. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






27. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






28. An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. A monohybrid results from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles. For example - parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid genotype of Aa.






29. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






30. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.






31. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






32. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






33. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






34. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






35. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






36. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






37. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






38. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






39. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






40. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






41. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






42. Dissolving agent of a solution






43. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






44. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






45. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






46. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






47. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






48. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






49. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






50. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.