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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The reactant on which an enzyme works






2. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






3. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Cytosine (C) - thymine (T) - and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.






4. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






5. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






6. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






7. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






8. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






9. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






10. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






11. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






12. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






13. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






14. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






15. A gene located on a sex chromosome.






16. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






17. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.






18. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






19. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






20. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






21. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec






22. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






23. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






24. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






25. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






26. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






27. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






28. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






29. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.






30. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






31. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






32. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






33. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






34. Differences between members of the same species.






35. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






36. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






37. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






38. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






39. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






40. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






41. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






42. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






43. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






44. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






45. A solution in which water is the solvent






46. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.






47. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






48. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






49. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






50. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.







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