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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






2. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






3. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






4. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






5. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






6. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






7. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






8. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






9. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






10. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






11. Differences between members of the same species.






12. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






13. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






14. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






15. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






16. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






17. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






18. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






19. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






20. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






21. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






22. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






23. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell






24. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






25. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






26. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






27. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






28. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






29. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






30. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






31. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






32. A functional group important in energy transfer.






33. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






34. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






35. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






36. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






37. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






38. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






39. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






40. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






41. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






42. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






43. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






44. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






45. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






46. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






47. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






48. A characteristic






49. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






50. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.