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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






2. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






3. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






4. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






5. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell






6. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






7. An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. A monohybrid results from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles. For example - parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid genotype of Aa.






8. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






9. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






10. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






11. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid






12. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






13. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






14. An individual with the normal phenotype.






15. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






16. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






17. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






18. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






19. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






20. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






21. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






22. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






23. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






24. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






25. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole






26. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.






27. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






28. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






29. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






30. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






31. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






32. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






33. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a






34. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






35. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






36. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






37. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






38. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






39. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






40. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






41. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






42. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.






43. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






44. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






45. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






46. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






47. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






48. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






49. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






50. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Cytosine (C) - thymine (T) - and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.