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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






2. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






3. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






4. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






5. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






6. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






7. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






8. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






9. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






10. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






11. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






12. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.






13. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






14. A characteristic






15. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






16. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






17. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






18. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






19. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






20. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






21. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






22. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






23. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






24. An individual with the normal phenotype.






25. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






26. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






27. A heritable feature.






28. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






29. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






30. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






31. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






32. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






33. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.






34. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






35. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.






36. A functional group important in energy transfer.






37. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






38. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






39. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






40. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive






41. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






42. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






43. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






44. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






45. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






46. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






47. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






48. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






49. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






50. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.