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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






2. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






3. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






4. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






5. A functional group important in energy transfer.






6. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






7. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






8. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the






9. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






10. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






11. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole






12. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






13. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






14. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






15. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






16. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






17. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






18. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






19. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






20. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






21. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






22. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






23. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






24. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






25. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






26. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.






27. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






28. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






29. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






30. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






31. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






32. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






33. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






34. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






35. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






36. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






37. A gene located on a sex chromosome.






38. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






39. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment






40. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






41. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






42. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






43. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.






44. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






45. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






46. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






47. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






48. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






49. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






50. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.