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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
capsid
transport vesicles
life cycle
fluid mosaic model
2. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
homozygous
temperature
nucleoid
meiosis
3. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells
chemical bonds
activation energy
C3 plants
alcohol fermentation
4. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.
sickle cell anemia
organic chemistry
codominance
cilia
5. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment
plasmolysis
parental types
concentration gradient
genetic recombination
6. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.
osmoregulation
photosystem I
polygenic inheritance
character
7. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane
mutagens
duchenne muscular dystropy
neutron
ATP
8. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.
P. generation
life cycle
extracellular matrix
meiosis
9. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.
heterozygous
mitochondria
amniocentesis
gametophyte
10. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm
viral envelope
somatic cells
noncyclic phosphorylation
ketone
11. Differences between members of the same species.
solute
isomers
fat
variation
12. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
genome
cotransport
dehydration reaction
isotopes
13. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle
substrate
proton
interphase
gametes
14. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs
coenzyme
oxidation
G2 phase
fertilization
15. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.
C4 plants
somatic cell
insertion
phagocytosis
16. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.
protein
turgid (firm)
saturated fatty acid
glycosidic linkage
17. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.
cystic fibrosis
chiasmata
electrochemical gradient
hydrophilic
18. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
rough ER
disaccharides
ribosomal RNA
19. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.
induced fit
nuclear lamina
aquaporins(water channel)
hydrogen bond
20. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a
macromolecule
viral envelope
clone
concentration gradient
21. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.
leading strand
integral proteins
endergonic reaction
alternation of generations
22. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles
cleavage
nuclear envelope
bacteriophage
Peripheral proteins
23. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.
krebs Cycle
pedigree
electron microscope
aqueous solution
24. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.
dehydration reaction
spliceosome
coenzyme
rough ER
25. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.
point mutation
sodium potassium pump
meiosis
endocytosis
26. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.
cytoplasm
geometric isomers
buffers
action spectrum
27. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.
G1 phase
RNA processing
reducing agent
genetic recombination
28. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.
cristae (plural - cristae)
Integral proteins
diploid cells
ribosomes
29. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
epistasis
phagocytosis
heterozygous
genetic recombination
30. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.
electron transport chain
heterotrophs
redox reactions
cyclic photophosphorylation
31. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.
monosaccharides
spectrophotometer
wavelength
transfer RNA
32. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.
geometric isomers
thylakoids
telomeres
P. generation
33. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote
plastids
gametes
transformation
flaccid (limp)
34. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.
RNA processing
mRNA
ATP
translation
35. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.
proton pump
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
base pair substitution
purines
36. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.
cellulose
NADP+
aerobic
genotype
37. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.
true breeding
competitive inhibitor
bound ribosomes
S phase
38. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.
polyribosomes
replication fork
meiosis
missense mutations
39. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.
DNA ligase
sodium potassium pump
cofactor
genetics
40. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.
ribosomes
NADP+
active transport
noncyclic phosphorylation
41. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
carotenoids
electron transport chain
C4 plants
structural isomers
42. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
concentration gradient
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
mesophyll cell
transport vesicles
43. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr
ATP synthase
haploid cells
transcription unit
peroxisome
44. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.
coenzyme
allosteric site
extracellular matrix
chlorophyll B
45. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically
meiosis
karyotype
DNA
cyclin
46. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules
diffusion
protein
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
acid
47. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.
RNA
bundle sheath cell
leading strand
mitotic spindle
48. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes
telophase
cell wall
nucleolus
cellulose
49. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
base pair substitution
enantiomers
trace elements
mitochondria
50. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.
primary electron acceptor
fatty acid
oxidation
inversion