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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






2. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






3. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






4. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






5. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






6. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






7. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






8. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






9. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






10. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.






11. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






12. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






13. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






14. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






15. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






16. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






17. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






18. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






19. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






20. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






21. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






22. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






23. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






24. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






25. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






26. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






27. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






28. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






29. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






30. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






31. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






32. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






33. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






34. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






35. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






36. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






37. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






38. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






39. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






40. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.






41. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.






42. The reactant on which an enzyme works






43. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






44. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






45. The genetic makeup of an organism






46. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






47. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






48. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






49. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






50. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.