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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited
functions of the proteins
deletion
epistasis
geometric isomers
2. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential
recessive allele
crossing over
proton pump
mitotic spindle
3. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a
functional groups
clone
ATP synthase
cystic fibrosis
4. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.
hydrophilic
recessive allele
diffusion
coenzyme
5. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.
cyclic electron flow
leading strand
aldehyde
hybridization
6. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.
amino group
nucleolus
adhesion
tumor
7. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
F1 generation
dehydration reaction
mitotic spindle
C4 plants
8. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.
photosystem I
carotenoids
transcription
voltage
9. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle
cell cycle control system
gametophyte
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
light reactions
10. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.
2nd law of thermodynamics
macromolecule
peroxisomes
electron
11. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene
terminator
RNA polymerase
chiasmata
sex linked genes
12. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
fluid mosaic model
faculative anaerobes
chloroplasts
trait
13. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.
polysaccharides
helicase
beta oxidation
extracellular matrix
14. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
desmosome
incomplete dominance
transport proteins
stroma
15. An individual with the normal phenotype.
wild type
peroxisome
beta (B) pleated sheet
sex chromosomes
16. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides
acid precipitation
nuclease
duchenne muscular dystropy
replication fork
17. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings
chromatin
endergonic reaction
glycosidic linkage
solvent
18. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.
ribosomal RNA
meiosis
smooth ER
matter
19. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.
meiosis
entropy
synapsis
wild type
20. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).
genes
telomeres
contractile vacuoles
polar covalent bonds
21. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.
codominance
endocytosis
terminator
cytoplasm
22. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
pedigree
enantiomers
Oxidative Phosphorylation
23. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis
C4 plants
collagen
peroxisome
mitotoic phase
24. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.
law of segregration
diffusion
growth factor
concentration gradient
25. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
cell wall
induced fit
growth factor
life cycle
26. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.
transfer RNA
duplication
spliceosome
transformation
27. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
glycolysis
enantiomers
redox reactions
sodium potassium pump
28. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.
fatty acid
reaction center
chlorophyll
character
29. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds
sexual reproduction
cohesion
triplet code
cis face
30. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells
collagen
element
Acetyl CoA
chemical bonds
31. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges
triplet code
prometaphase
voltage
metaphase
32. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond
osmosis
hydrogen bond
missense mutations
electron
33. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients
facilitated diffusion
glycoproteins
cell plate
extracellular matrix
34. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
replication fork
transport vesicles
glycogen
activation energy
35. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole
smooth ER
phagocytosis
Acetyl CoA
codominance
36. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.
ATP
free energy
trisomic
geometric isomers
37. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction
redox reactions
tight junctions
thylakoids
endocytosis
38. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles
tumor
translation
isotopes
nuclear envelope
39. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.
synapsis
helicase
photorespiration
polyribosomes
40. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
alcohol fermentation
alternation of generations
osmosis
template strand
41. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell
trisomic
tight junctions
proton pump
dehydration reaction
42. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.
intermediate filaments
peroxisome
RNA polymerase
turgid (firm)
43. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons
meiosis
covalent bonds
beta oxidation
enantiomers
44. The attraction between different kinds of molecules
adhesion
facilitated diffusion
alcohol fermentation
flaccid (limp)
45. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons
G2 phase
genetic recombination
deletion
cation
46. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.
hydrocarbons
covalent bonds
karyotype
phenotype
47. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.
gap junctions
gametophyte
contractile vacuoles
golgi apparatus
48. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.
cytoskeleton
alternation of generations
Acetyl CoA
proton pump
49. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.
facilitated diffusion
fluid mosaic model
bundle sheath cell
alternation of generations
50. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
spliceosome
phenotype
pinocytosis