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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.
bacteriophage
free energy
character
mitosis
2. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).
mitochondria
dominant allele
haploid cells
tetrad
3. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair
steroids
point mutation
mitosis
endocytosis
4. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
beta (B) pleated sheet
codons
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
capsid
5. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins
G0 phase
mitotoic phase
energy coupling
concentration gradient
6. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.
anticodon
wild type
autotrophs
hydrophobic
7. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate
ribosomes
amphipathic molecules
adhesion
metaphase
8. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment
primary transcript
peripheral proteins
chromosome theory of inheritance
plasmolysis
9. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.
polysaccharides
hydrolysis
lactid acid fermentation
wavelength
10. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids
translation
polyribosomes
carboxyl group
oxidation
11. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
actin
solute
G0 phase
genotype
12. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell
electron transport chain
cleavage
genetics
telophase
13. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material
genome
electromagnetic spectrum
cell wall
hydrocarbons
14. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.
cyclic electron flow
ribosomes
sodium potassium pump
template strand
15. Differences between members of the same species.
variation
complete dominance
phosphate group
steroids
16. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.
reduction
denaturation
microtubules
spectrophotometer
17. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
organelles
smooth ER
solution
cholesterol
18. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts
synapsis
trisomic
Cytochrome
cell fractionation
19. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.
ketone
punnett square
fertilization
feedback inhibition
20. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and
spliceosome
transport proteins
centrosome
meiosis
21. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.
cation
nondisjunction
stroma
thermodynamics
22. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.
hypertonic
active transport
competitive inhibitor
introns
23. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.
binary fission
polygenic inheritance
monomer
cyclic electron flow
24. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
cell fractionation
structural isomers
gametes
entropy
25. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.
replication fork
acid
cellular respiration
peroxisomes
26. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria
cyclic electron flow
smooth ER
ribosomal RNA
peroxisomes
27. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.
sulfhydryl group
pedigree
cell division
electrogenic pumps
28. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for
ligands
diploid cells
active transport
meiosis
29. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene
terminator
proton
RNA splicing
somatic cells
30. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.
spectrophotometer
amino group
exons
glycogen
31. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.
smooth ER
cyclic electron flow
RNA processing
duchenne muscular dystropy
32. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.
cell plate
Integral proteins
carotenoids
chromosome theory of inheritance
33. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells
tumor
monosomic
gap junctions
passive transport
34. A substance that is dissolved in a solution
chlorophyll B
reducing agent
frameshift mutation
solute
35. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites
amphipathic molecules
trans face
endergonic reaction
asexual reproduction
36. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties
isomers
incomplete dominance
reduction
krebs Cycle
37. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.
purines
tonoplast
carboxyl group
Oxidative Phosphorylation
38. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.
acid precipitation
endoplasmic reticulum
promoter
gametophyte
39. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this
phagocytosis
spectrophotometer
exons
desmosome
40. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production
rough ER
sporophyte
translation
glycosidic linkage
41. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.
golgi apparatus
carotenoids
metastasis
lagging strand
42. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.
exons
phagocytosis
P. generation
RNA processing
43. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
element
krebs Cycle
cystic fibrosis
fluid mosaic model
44. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.
beta (B) pleated sheet
interphase
RNA polymerase
diploid cells
45. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
amniocentesis
hydrogen bond
isomers
chiasmata
46. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.
unsaturated fatty acid
starch
amphipathic molecules
freeze-fracture
47. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.
exocytosis
aldehyde
phagocytosis
G0 phase
48. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.
gametes
primary transcript
base pair substitution
cellulose
49. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.
NaD+
hydrophobic
plasma membrane
hydroxyl groups
50. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts
monohybrids
trace elements
transformation
sporophyte