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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






2. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






3. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






4. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






5. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






6. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






7. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






8. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






9. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






10. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






11. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






12. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






13. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






14. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive






15. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






16. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






17. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






18. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






19. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






20. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






21. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






22. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






23. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






24. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






25. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






26. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






27. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






28. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






29. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.






30. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






31. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






32. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






33. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






34. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






35. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






36. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






37. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






38. A characteristic






39. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






40. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes






41. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






42. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






43. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






44. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






45. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






46. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






47. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






48. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






49. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






50. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.







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