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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A functional group important in energy transfer.






2. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






3. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.






4. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






5. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






6. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






7. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






8. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






9. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






10. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






11. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






12. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






13. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






14. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






15. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






16. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






17. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






18. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






19. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






20. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






21. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






22. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






23. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






24. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






25. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






26. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






27. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






28. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






29. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






30. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






31. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






32. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid






33. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






34. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






35. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






36. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment






37. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






38. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






39. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






40. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






41. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






42. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






43. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






44. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






45. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






46. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






47. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






48. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






49. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






50. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this