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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






2. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






3. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.






4. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






5. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






6. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






7. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






8. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






9. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






10. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






11. The genetic makeup of an organism






12. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






13. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






14. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






15. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






16. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






17. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






18. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






19. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






20. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






21. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






22. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






23. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a






24. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.






25. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






26. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






27. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






28. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






29. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






30. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






31. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






32. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






33. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.






34. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






35. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






36. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






37. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






38. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






39. A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.






40. A characteristic






41. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






42. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






43. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






44. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






45. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






46. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






47. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






48. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






49. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






50. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.