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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






2. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






3. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






4. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






5. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






6. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid






7. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






8. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






9. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






10. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






11. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






12. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






13. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






14. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






15. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






16. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.






17. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.






18. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






19. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






20. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






21. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






22. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






23. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






24. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






25. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






26. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






27. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






28. A solution in which water is the solvent






29. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






30. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






31. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






32. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons






33. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






34. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






35. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






36. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






37. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes






38. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






39. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






40. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






41. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






42. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






43. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






44. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






45. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell






46. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






47. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






48. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






49. The genetic makeup of an organism






50. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.