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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






2. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






3. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






4. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






5. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.






6. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






7. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






8. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






9. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






10. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






11. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






12. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






13. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






14. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






15. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






16. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






17. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






18. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






19. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






20. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






21. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






22. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






23. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






24. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






25. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






26. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






27. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






28. A heritable feature.






29. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






30. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






31. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






32. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






33. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






34. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






35. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






36. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






37. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






38. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






39. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






40. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






41. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






42. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






43. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






44. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






45. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






46. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






47. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






48. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






49. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






50. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element