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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






2. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






3. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






4. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






5. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






6. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






7. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






8. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.






9. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






10. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






11. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






12. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






13. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass






14. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






15. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






16. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.






17. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






18. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.






19. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






20. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






21. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






22. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






23. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






24. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






25. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






26. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






27. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






28. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






29. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.






30. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell






31. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.






32. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






33. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






34. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






35. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






36. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






37. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






38. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






39. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






40. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






41. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.






42. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.






43. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






44. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






45. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






46. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






47. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






48. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






49. A negatively charged ion






50. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance