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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.
photosystem I
fluid mosaic model
transfer RNA
gametes
2. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients
gated channels
facilitated diffusion
stroma
saturated fatty acid
3. Anything takes up space and has mass
element
matter
polar covalent bonds
extracellular matrix
4. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated
reduction
temperature
functions of the proteins
S phase
5. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.
somatic cell
genome
cell wall
chloroplasts
6. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.
Peripheral proteins
translation
glycosidic linkage
coenzyme
7. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car
nuclease
photorespiration
tetrad
electrogenic pump
8. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.
condensation reaction
cell cycle
amphipathic molecules
organelles
9. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
saturated fatty acid
density dependent inhibitor
facilitated diffusion
dehydration reaction
10. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle
prometaphase
frameshift mutation
epistasis
interphase
11. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases
transcription
macromolecule
sexual reproduction
cell cycle
12. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles
nuclear envelope
carbonyl groups
rough ER
sodium potassium pump
13. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
carboxyl group
hybridization
karyotype
character
14. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.
ATP
true breeding
telomeres
Cytochrome
15. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings
polyribosomes
cotransport
endergonic reaction
gap junctions
16. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.
wavelength
quantitive characters
cofactor
alcohol fermentation
17. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
spliceosome
chromosomes
anaphase
mesophyll cell
18. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II
grana
anaerobic
spliceosome
sister chromatids
19. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
phagocytosis
functions of the proteins
polymer
spliceosome
20. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.
mitochondria
haploid cells
capsid
crossing over
21. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds
allosteric site
macromolecule
cohesion
electrogenic pump
22. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy
exergonic reaction
gametes
ribosomes
nuclease
23. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
prometaphase
compound
double helix
cytoskeleton
24. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.
cyclin
polygenic inheritance
proton motive force
diploid cells
25. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).
missense mutations
chromatin
quantitive characters
aerobic
26. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible
law of independent assortment
acid precipitation
C3 plants
cell wall
27. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.
tetrad
dominant allele
fermentation
centromere
28. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.
polyribosomes
monohybrids
nucleolus
trace elements
29. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).
active site
cytosol
purines
plastids
30. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.
light reactions
turgid (firm)
condensation reaction
membrane potential
31. Reproduction of cells
intermediate filaments
exergonic reaction
cell division
hydrogen bond
32. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.
energy coupling
matter
cell cycle
law of independent assortment
33. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.
cell fractionation
unsaturated fatty acid
C4 plants
law of independent assortment
34. Differences between members of the same species.
variation
phospholipids
reducing agent
plasma membrane
35. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)
spliceosome
benign tumor
thylakoids
free ribosomes
36. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.
pedigree
saturated fatty acid
chromatin
facilitated diffusion
37. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules
diffusion
origins replication
endoplasmic reticulum
oxidation
38. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair
integral proteins
ATP synthase
point mutation
base pair substitution
39. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.
replication fork
steroids
cholesterol
collagen
40. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).
sulfhydryl group
mRNA
density dependent inhibitor
hydrocarbons
41. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element
osmosis
kinetochore
atom
hypertonic
42. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.
isomers
chromosomes
active site
peroxisomes
43. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.
chemical bonds
light reactions
ultra centrifuges
collagen
44. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.
replication fork
polysaccharides
aerobic
oxidation
45. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the
duplication
lysosomes
cell plate
fluid mosaic model
46. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.
haploid cells
heterotrophs
lysosomes
Acetyl CoA
47. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes
endoplasmic reticulum
chlorophyll
cell plate
pedigree
48. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this
nucleoid
desmosome
gated channels
pinocytosis
49. A negatively charged ion
acid
proton motive force
anion
purines
50. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties
sporophyte
incomplete dominance
mesophyll cell
transcription