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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






2. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






3. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






4. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






5. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






6. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






7. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






8. A solution in which water is the solvent






9. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.






10. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






11. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Cytosine (C) - thymine (T) - and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.






12. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






13. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






14. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






15. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






16. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






17. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






18. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






19. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






20. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






21. Having an affinity to water






22. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






23. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.






24. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






25. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






26. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






27. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






28. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






29. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.






30. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






31. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






32. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






33. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






34. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






35. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






36. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






37. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






38. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.






39. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






40. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






41. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






42. Anything takes up space and has mass






43. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






44. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






45. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






46. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.






47. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.






48. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






49. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






50. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.







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