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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






2. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






3. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






4. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.






5. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






6. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site






7. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






8. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






9. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






10. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






11. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






12. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






13. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






14. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






15. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






16. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






17. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






18. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






19. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






20. The reactant on which an enzyme works






21. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.






22. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






23. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole






24. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






25. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






26. Having an affinity to water






27. The genetic makeup of an organism






28. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






29. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






30. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






31. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.






32. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)






33. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive






34. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






35. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






36. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






37. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






38. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






39. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






40. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






41. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






42. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






43. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






44. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






45. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






46. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






47. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






48. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






49. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






50. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.