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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






2. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






3. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






4. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






5. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






6. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






7. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






8. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






9. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






10. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.






11. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






12. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






13. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






14. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






15. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






16. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






17. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






18. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






19. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






20. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






21. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






22. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.






23. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






24. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






25. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






26. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






27. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






28. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






29. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






30. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






31. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






32. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






33. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






34. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






35. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.






36. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






37. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






38. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






39. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






40. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






41. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






42. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






43. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole






44. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






45. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






46. A solution in which water is the solvent






47. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment






48. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






49. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






50. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene