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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An individual with the normal phenotype.






2. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






3. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






4. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






5. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






6. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






7. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






8. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






9. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






10. Anything takes up space and has mass






11. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






12. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






13. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






14. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






15. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






16. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






17. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






18. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






19. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






20. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






21. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






22. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






23. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






24. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






25. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






26. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






27. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






28. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






29. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






30. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






31. A negatively charged ion






32. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






33. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






34. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






35. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






36. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






37. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






38. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






39. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






40. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






41. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






42. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






43. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






44. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site






45. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






46. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






47. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






48. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






49. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






50. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.