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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






2. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






3. Differences between members of the same species.






4. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






5. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






6. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






7. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.






8. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






9. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






10. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.






11. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






12. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).






13. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






14. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






15. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass






16. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






17. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






18. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






19. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






20. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






21. An individual with the normal phenotype.






22. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






23. A characteristic






24. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






25. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






26. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






27. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






28. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.






29. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






30. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






31. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






32. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






33. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






34. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






35. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






36. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






37. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






38. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






39. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






40. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






41. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






42. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






43. A heritable feature.






44. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






45. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






46. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






47. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






48. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






49. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






50. Reproduction of cells