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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






2. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






3. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






4. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






5. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






6. Anything takes up space and has mass






7. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






8. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






9. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






10. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






11. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






12. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






13. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.






14. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






15. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






16. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






17. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






18. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






19. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes






20. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






21. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






22. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






23. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.






24. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






25. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment






26. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.






27. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






28. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






29. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






30. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






31. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






32. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






33. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






34. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






35. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






36. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






37. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






38. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






39. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






40. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






41. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






42. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






43. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






44. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






45. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






46. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






47. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






48. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






49. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






50. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair