Test your basic knowledge |

AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






2. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment






3. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






4. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






5. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






6. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






7. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






8. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






9. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






10. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






11. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






12. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






13. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






14. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






15. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






16. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






17. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






18. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






19. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






20. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.






21. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






22. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






23. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






24. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






25. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






26. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






27. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






28. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






29. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






30. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






31. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






32. A negatively charged ion






33. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






34. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






35. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






36. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






37. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






38. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






39. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






40. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






41. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






42. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






43. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






44. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






45. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






46. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






47. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






48. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






49. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






50. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.