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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
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Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
Rough ER
acid precipitation
centrioles
2. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.
linked genes
nuclear envelope
RNA splicing
viral envelope
3. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.
disaccharides
cohesion
polar covalent bonds
cristae (plural - cristae)
4. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.
NADP+
endoplasmic reticulum
redox reactions
gated channels
5. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
quantitive characters
transcription
covalent bonds
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
6. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.
cytoplasm
competitive inhibitor
anaphase
punnett square
7. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.
ligands
mitochondria
golgi apparatus
lagging strand
8. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual
lagging strand
sex chromosomes
law of segregration
gated channels
9. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene
ATP synthase
cyclic electron flow
terminator
chloroplast
10. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.
endoplasmic reticulum
P. generation
RNA
true breeding
11. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.
CAM
monomer
mitotoic phase
monosaccharides
12. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom
condensation reaction
monohybrids
cytoplasm
neutron
13. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.
free energy
voltage
facilitated diffusion
peroxisomes
14. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins
light reactions
facilitated diffusion
free ribosomes
chloroplast
15. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.
chromatin
law of segregration
transformation
saturated fatty acid
16. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site
true breeding
gametes
dominant allele
metastasis
17. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release
centromere
CAM
photophosphorylation
buffers
18. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
meiosis
polyribosomes
nuclease
NaD+
19. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
nuclear lamina
alcohol fermentation
mitosis
hydroxyl groups
20. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body
smooth ER
starch
nondisjunction
polygenic inheritance
21. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids
coenzyme
centromere
NADP+
cytological maps
22. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles
nuclear envelope
osmosis
domains
DNA
23. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.
photon
crossing over
inversion
peripheral proteins
24. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.
ultra centrifuges
ribosomal RNA
growth factor
triplet code
25. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.
gated channels
growth factor
extracellular matrix
duchenne muscular dystropy
26. Anything takes up space and has mass
matter
sex chromosomes
gametes
proton pump
27. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm
hydrophobic
somatic cells
double helix
stroma
28. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus
active transport
electron
spliceosome
carboxyl group
29. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).
incomplete dominance
C3 plants
Integral proteins
cytoskeleton
30. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.
heat
centrosome
nondisjunction
insertion
31. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
pyrimidines
CAM
buffers
ribosomes
32. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
matter
CAM
specific heat
faculative anaerobes
33. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.
anaphase
S phase
cilia
complete dominance
34. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts
facilitated diffusion
bacteriophage
reducing agent
Cytochrome
35. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
hydrocarbons
entropy
trisomic
polysaccharides
36. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.
genetics
disaccharides
duplication
Acetyl CoA
37. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.
anaphase
acid precipitation
gated channels
replication fork
38. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.
phospholipid
chloroplasts
glycolysis
incomplete dominance
39. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.
transcription
promoter
temperature
krebs Cycle
40. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
chloroplast
parental types
kinetochore
dominant allele
41. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.
helicase
nuclease
anaerobic
golgi apparatus
42. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.
adhesion
absorption spectrum
incomplete dominance
induced fit
43. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole
cell fractionation
anaerobic
photophosphorylation
phagocytosis
44. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.
2nd law of thermodynamics
prophase
macromolecule
noncyclic phosphorylation
45. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree
specific heat
cyclin
chloroplast
phosphate group
46. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane
growth factor
photophosphorylation
hydrocarbons
ATP
47. Region where cells microtubules are initiated
temperature
cristae (plural - cristae)
fatty acid
centrosomes
48. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.
hydroxyl groups
polygenic inheritance
gated channels
spectrophotometer
49. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.
carbonyl groups
fluid mosaic model
cell fractionation
homozygous
50. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.
faculative anaerobes
life cycle
thylakoids
barr body
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