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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis
peptide bond
mitotoic phase
sex chromosomes
parental types
2. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.
karyotype
amphipathic molecules
gated channels
cell cycle control system
3. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell
glycoproteins
proton pump
calvin cycle
alcohol fermentation
4. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.
NADP+
glycolysis
transfer RNA
lagging strand
5. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
trait
visible light
carbonyl groups
endoplasmic reticulum
6. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th
concentration gradient
genetics
endoplasmic reticulum
thylakoids
7. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.
chromosomes
visible light
microfilaments
disaccharides
8. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
transport proteins
noncyclic phosphorylation
temperature
compound
9. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
centrosome
prophase
phospholipids
10. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.
flaccid (limp)
missense mutations
glycolysis
heat
11. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.
centrosome
extracellular matrix
gametes
fluid mosaic model
12. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.
hydroxyl groups
light reactions
food vacuoles
F1 generation
13. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.
transcription
lysosomes
amino acid
telophase
14. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.
base pair substitution
hypertonic
cytoplasm
sodium potassium pump
15. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically
atom
pyrimidines
cyclin
frameshift mutation
16. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.
sodium potassium pump
phagocytosis
tight junctions
polygenic inheritance
17. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm
reduction
duchenne muscular dystropy
geometric isomers
somatic cells
18. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.
kinetochore
hydrophobic
C4 plants
base
19. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule
transcription unit
reaction center
heredity
sporophyte
20. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.
smooth ER
chlorophyll
karyotype
pedigree
21. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.
G1 phase
phospholipid
autotrophs
golgi apparatus
22. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene
valence electrons
heredity
terminator
exons
23. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II
sister chromatids
nucleoid
turgid (firm)
true breeding
24. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).
prokaryotic cell
barr body
sulfhydryl group
proton pump
25. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.
wavelength
Oxidative Phosphorylation
free energy
spectrophotometer
26. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site
prokaryotic cell
metastasis
fat
genotype
27. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
gametes
electronegativity
cytoplasm
purines
28. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.
frameshift mutation
punnett square
carbonyl groups
entropy
29. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.
cell wall
element
monosomic
law of independent assortment
30. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.
somatic cell
facilitated diffusion
binary fission
RNA splicing
31. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.
action spectrum
prokaryotic cell
electrochemical gradient
frameshift mutation
32. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)
lysosomes
hydrophilic
passive transport
hybridization
33. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
transformation
electronegativity
competitive inhibitor
dominant allele
34. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
lysosomes
metaphase
osmosis
concentration gradient
35. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).
organic chemistry
dominant allele
prometaphase
replication fork
36. An individual with the normal phenotype.
prokaryotic cell
RNA
compound
wild type
37. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter
osmosis
calvin cycle
cilia
amino group
38. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole
polar covalent bonds
golgi apparatus
photorespiration
incomplete dominance
39. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.
endoplasmic reticulum
induced fit
oxidation
crossing over
40. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
buffers
nucleic acid
genetic recombination
origins replication
41. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
double helix
chloroplast
ligands
carboxyl group
42. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character
electrogenic pump
heterozygous
insertion
phenotype
43. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes
nucleolus
chloroplast
primary transcript
tonoplast
44. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.
light reactions
phospholipids
centrioles
allosteric site
45. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help
haploid cells
mitochondria
cleavage
malignant tumor
46. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom
G1 phase
metastasis
neutron
capsid
47. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).
fluid mosaic model
prophase
quantitive characters
isomers
48. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.
duplication
fertilization
dominant allele
double helix
49. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap
noncompetitive inhibitor
concentration gradient
electronegativity
tonoplast
50. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins
plasma membrane
trisomic
cholesterol
chromosomes