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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons






2. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






3. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.






4. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






5. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






6. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






7. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






8. A functional group important in energy transfer.






9. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.






10. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






11. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






12. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






13. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell






14. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






15. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






16. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






17. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






18. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






19. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






20. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid






21. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






22. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






23. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes






24. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






25. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






26. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the






27. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






28. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






29. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse






30. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






31. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






32. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






33. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






34. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






35. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.






36. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






37. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






38. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






39. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






40. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






41. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






42. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






43. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






44. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






45. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






46. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






47. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






48. Dissolving agent of a solution






49. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






50. A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.