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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.






2. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






3. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






4. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






5. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






6. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






7. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






8. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






9. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






10. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






11. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






12. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






13. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






14. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






15. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






16. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






17. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






18. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






19. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






20. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






21. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






22. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.






23. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






24. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






25. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






26. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






27. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






28. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






29. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






30. Reproduction of cells






31. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






32. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






33. A negatively charged ion






34. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






35. A heritable feature.






36. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






37. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






38. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






39. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






40. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






41. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






42. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






43. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






44. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






45. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






46. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






47. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






48. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






49. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






50. (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.