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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






2. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






3. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






4. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






5. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






6. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






7. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






8. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






9. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






10. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






11. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






12. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






13. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






14. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






15. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






16. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.






17. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






18. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.






19. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






20. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






21. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






22. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






23. Walled cells are _____ in isotonic surroundings - where there is no tendency for water to enter.






24. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






25. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






26. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






27. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






28. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






29. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






30. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






31. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






32. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






33. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






34. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






35. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






36. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






37. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






38. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






39. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






40. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






41. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






42. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid






43. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.






44. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






45. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom






46. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






47. A heritable feature.






48. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive






49. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






50. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.