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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole
P. generation
phagocytosis
matter
anticodon
2. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.
CAM
visible light
ligands
ATP
3. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
cell plate
endocytosis
autotrophs
catalyst
4. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.
monomer
DNA ligase
calvin cycle
cytoskeleton
5. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.
monohybrids
alcohol fermentation
cell fractionation
glycosidic linkage
6. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.
photorespiration
Peripheral proteins
calvin cycle
trisomic
7. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.
sodium potassium pump
diffusion
nuclear envelope
electron microscope
8. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.
catalyst
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
duchenne muscular dystropy
plasmolysis
9. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
nuclease
homozygous
sporophyte
carbonyl groups
10. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.
tight junctions
sodium potassium pump
fluid mosaic model
missense mutations
11. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.
macromolecule
nucleolus
specific heat
F2 generation
12. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.
thylakoids
free ribosomes
carbonyl groups
centrosome
13. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a
clone
interphase
light reactions
visible light
14. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond
hydrogen bond
endocytosis
extracellular matrix
duchenne muscular dystropy
15. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.
endocytosis
binary fission
quantitive characters
polyploidy
16. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits
electron
ribosomes
plastids
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
17. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.
absorption spectrum
smooth ER
parental types
photon
18. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote
fertilization
malignant tumor
pleiotropy
gametes
19. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites
trans face
gap junctions
golgi apparatus
cell cycle control system
20. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
asexual reproduction
gap junctions
cis face
21. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
electromagnetic spectrum
osmosis
carboxyl group
cis face
22. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.
cytoskeleton
fermentation
solution
genetics
23. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited
codons
phagocytosis
epistasis
hydroxyl groups
24. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.
membrane potential
denaturation
viral envelope
isotonic
25. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.
facilitated diffusion
glycosidic linkage
phospholipid
deletion
26. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.
cytoplasm
hybridization
triplet code
cholesterol
27. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically
photorespiration
plasmolysis
buffers
cyclin
28. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.
C4 plants
aldehyde
C3 plants
nucleolus
29. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.
cohesion
phospholipids
viral envelope
transformation
30. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.
electromagnetic spectrum
turgid (firm)
fermentation
Cell-cell recognition
31. A heritable feature.
osmosis
heterozygous
character
oxidizing agent
32. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.
dehydration reaction
mismatch repair
electron transport chain
lactid acid fermentation
33. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.
replication fork
endoplasmic reticulum
mesophyll cell
starch
34. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.
ketone
hybridization
gated channels
transformation
35. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.
fluid mosaic model
exocytosis
stroma
electron transport chain
36. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.
leading strand
electrochemical gradient
rough ER
induced fit
37. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.
G0 phase
peroxisome
carbonyl groups
amino group
38. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.
flaccid (limp)
organic chemistry
electron
photon
39. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.
pH
aldehyde
ribosomal RNA
trisomic
40. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.
krebs Cycle
mesophyll cell
actin
transport vesicles
41. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
chromosomes
organelles
functional groups
aerobic
42. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
aerobic
proton pump
starch
plastids
43. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways
codominance
cell cycle
rough ER
ultra centrifuges
44. Differences between members of the same species.
trisomic
variation
feedback inhibition
solute
45. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule
smooth ER
photosystem I
transcription unit
G0 phase
46. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.
aerobic
telomeres
electrogenic pump
G2 phase
47. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of
phagocytosis
proton
electron microscope
photosystem II
48. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
active site
carbohydrates
promoter
domains
49. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair
fluid mosaic model
hydrophilic
leading strand
point mutation
50. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form
mitotic spindle
heat
fertilization
gametophyte
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