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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






2. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






3. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






4. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






5. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






6. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






7. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






8. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






9. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






10. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






11. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins






12. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






13. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






14. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






15. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






16. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






17. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






18. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






19. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






20. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






21. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






22. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






23. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






24. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






25. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






26. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






27. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






28. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






29. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






30. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






31. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






32. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






33. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






34. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






35. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






36. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






37. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






38. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






39. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






40. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






41. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






42. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






43. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






44. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






45. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






46. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






47. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






48. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






49. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






50. An individual with the normal phenotype.