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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






2. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






3. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






4. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






5. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






6. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






7. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






8. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






9. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






10. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






11. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






12. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






13. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






14. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)






15. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






16. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






17. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






18. The reactant on which an enzyme works






19. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






20. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






21. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






22. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






23. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






24. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






25. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






26. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






27. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






28. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






29. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






30. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.






31. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.






32. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






33. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






34. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






35. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






36. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






37. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid






38. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.






39. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






40. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






41. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






42. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






43. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






44. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






45. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






46. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






47. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






48. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






49. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






50. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs