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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm
RNA
heat
complete dominance
somatic cells
2. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
DNA
concentration gradient
desmosome
cytoplasm
3. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.
F2 generation
glycosidic linkage
central vacuole
base pair substitution
4. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
hypertonic
domains
synapsis
cystic fibrosis
5. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell
plasma membrane
proton pump
fatty acid
hydrophobic
6. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.
centrosome
cystic fibrosis
enantiomers
parental types
7. The fifth and final subphase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokenisis actually begins
phenotype
polymer
catalyst
telophase
8. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.
lactid acid fermentation
denaturation
peripheral proteins
element
9. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.
induced fit
anion
nondisjunction
malignant tumor
10. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.
crossing over
cyclic photophosphorylation
nucleus
chlorophyll
11. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.
law of independent assortment
chromosomes
Oxidative Phosphorylation
trait
12. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.
pinocytosis
enantiomers
thermodynamics
ligands
13. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.
hypotonic
template strand
ATP
RNA polymerase
14. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
transport vesicles
voltage
faculative anaerobes
glycolysis
15. A heritable feature.
fermentation
sporophyte
hydrogen bond
character
16. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
anion
collagen
endoplasmic reticulum
cation
17. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
monomer
buffers
Oxidative Phosphorylation
smooth ER
18. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.
active transport
bundle sheath cell
redox reactions
ATP synthase
19. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.
absorption spectrum
feedback inhibition
steroids
proton pump
20. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.
metastasis
heterotrophs
geometric isomers
isotonic
21. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.
RNA processing
kinetochore
free ribosomes
passive transport
22. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.
enantiomers
telomeres
turgid (firm)
dominant allele
23. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character
homozygous
lactid acid fermentation
inversion
heterozygous
24. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell
oxidation
transformation
noncyclic electron flow
tumor
25. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.
flagella
sodium potassium pump
karyotype
food vacuoles
26. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.
insertion
tight junctions
active site
transfer RNA
27. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.
photon
P. generation
denaturation
RNA
28. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.
coenzyme
isomers
polyploidy
gated channels
29. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration
kinetochore
hypertonic
replication fork
glycolysis
30. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.
lactid acid fermentation
starch
pleiotropy
trans face
31. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.
facilitated diffusion
2nd law of thermodynamics
induced fit
electrogenic pump
32. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.
wavelength
mitotic spindle
gametes
integral proteins
33. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
genome
denaturation
ribosomes
binary fission
34. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.
wavelength
aerobic
hypertonic
ligands
35. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.
life cycle
mutagens
isotopes
thylakoids
36. Having an affinity to water
mRNA
gated channels
hydrophilic
central vacuole
37. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle
phagocytosis
reducing agent
cell cycle control system
NADP+
38. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
density dependent inhibitor
starch
Cell-cell recognition
endoplasmic reticulum
39. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the
fluid mosaic model
receptor mediated endocytosis
electrogenic pump
heredity
40. The electrons in the outermost electron shell
temperature
membrane potential
valence electrons
exons
41. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release
carboxyl group
CAM
pyrimidines
sporophyte
42. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
NaD+
phospholipids
noncompetitive inhibitor
purines
43. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.
macromolecule
duchenne muscular dystropy
freeze-fracture
life cycle
44. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds
redox reactions
mitosis
neutron
cohesion
45. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.
catalyst
mRNA
calvin cycle
valence electrons
46. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.
calvin cycle
isomers
membrane potential
binary fission
47. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism
trait
induced fit
cystic fibrosis
NaD+
48. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
rough ER
genetics
protein
wild type
49. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells
cytoskeleton
bundle sheath cell
photosystem II
chemical bonds
50. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
cellular respiration
ultra centrifuges
cytokenisis
smooth ER