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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






2. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






3. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






4. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






5. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






6. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






7. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






8. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






9. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






10. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






11. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






12. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






13. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






14. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






15. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






16. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






17. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.






18. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






19. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






20. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






21. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






22. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






23. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






24. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






25. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






26. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






27. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






28. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






29. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






30. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






31. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






32. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment






33. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






34. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.






35. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






36. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






37. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






38. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






39. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.






40. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid






41. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






42. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






43. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






44. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






45. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






46. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






47. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






48. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






49. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






50. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter