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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.
chlorophyll A
monohybrids
flagella
Cell-cell recognition
2. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion
transfer RNA
genetics
nucleolus
passive transport
3. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
homozygous
density dependent inhibitor
genotype
chiasmata
4. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.
photon
replication fork
protein
oxidizing agent
5. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20
chloroplast
life cycle
binary fission
wavelength
6. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.
smooth ER
heterotrophs
transport vesicles
cellulose
7. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.
missense mutations
crossing over
specific heat
glycolysis
8. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis
organic chemistry
nuclear envelope
surface tension
mitotoic phase
9. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.
mitotic spindle
ultra centrifuges
cytoskeleton
monomer
10. A heritable feature.
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
cotransport
purines
character
11. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.
centromere
aldehyde
chromatin
chloroplast
12. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.
sporophyte
macromolecule
enantiomers
fermentation
13. The electron donor in a redox reaction.
exons
reducing agent
electronegativity
hypotonic
14. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
nucleus
pleiotropy
cilia
viral envelope
15. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.
gametophyte
free energy
linked genes
functions of the proteins
16. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.
flagella
codominance
DNA ligase
sickle cell anemia
17. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.
phospholipids
monosaccharides
1st law of thermodynamics
cytokenisis
18. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse
RNA
sodium potassium pump
point mutation
aqueous solution
19. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated
law of segregration
G1 phase
polyribosomes
S phase
20. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.
heredity
krebs Cycle
cytosol
cell plate
21. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.
nucleoid
isomers
protein
photosystem I
22. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.
origins replication
thermodynamics
pedigree
Rough ER
23. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction
exocytosis
microfilaments
chlorophyll B
cytoskeleton
24. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o
heterotrophs
NADP+
beta (B) pleated sheet
functions of the proteins
25. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
monomer
ATP synthase
solute
osmosis
26. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.
base pair substitution
reduction
cell cycle control system
flaccid (limp)
27. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.
cleavage
Oxidative Phosphorylation
replication fork
endocytosis
28. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus
actin
electron
mitotoic phase
ribosomes
29. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this
Cell-cell recognition
life cycle
organelles
cilia
30. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.
base
amphipathic molecules
sex chromosomes
insertion
31. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the
rough ER
fluid mosaic model
codons
lysosomes
32. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.
transport vesicles
geometric isomers
chromatin
cyclic electron flow
33. A characteristic
fluid mosaic model
carotenoids
trait
noncyclic electron flow
34. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside
adhesion
heat
aquaporins(water channel)
membrane potential
35. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.
character
solution
true breeding
electrochemical gradient
36. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.
ketone
condensation reaction
spliceosome
protein
37. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
hydrocarbons
substrate
sulfhydryl group
solute
38. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.
pedigree
reaction center
cholesterol
freeze-fracture
39. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.
capsid
polyploidy
nondisjunction
exergonic reaction
40. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
electronegativity
hypertonic
chloroplast
nucleus
41. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair
point mutation
genome
heredity
chlorophyll A
42. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).
quantitive characters
phosphate group
cell division
terminator
43. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.
pH
electrogenic pumps
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
linked genes
44. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra
hypotonic
exocytosis
hydrolysis
electrochemical gradient
45. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.
genes
hydrophobic
energy coupling
monosaccharides
46. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.
cohesion
nucleus
sexual reproduction
cation
47. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.
sister chromatids
C4 plants
hemophilia
hydrocarbons
48. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs
cation
turgid (firm)
central vacuole
G1 phase
49. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts
anaerobic
trace elements
prophase
transcription
50. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.
barr body
rough ER
tetrad
mitosis