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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






2. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






3. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.






4. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






5. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






6. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






7. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






8. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






9. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






10. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






11. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






12. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






13. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






14. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






15. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






16. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.






17. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






18. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive






19. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






20. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.






21. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






22. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






23. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






24. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






25. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






26. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






27. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






28. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






29. The genetic makeup of an organism






30. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






31. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






32. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






33. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






34. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.






35. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment






36. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






37. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






38. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






39. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






40. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






41. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






42. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






43. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






44. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid






45. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.






46. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






47. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.






48. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






49. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






50. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.