Test your basic knowledge |

AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






2. A negatively charged ion






3. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






4. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






5. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






6. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.






7. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






8. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






9. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






10. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






11. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






12. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






13. Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.






14. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






15. A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three - resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.






16. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






17. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






18. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.






19. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






20. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






21. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






22. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






23. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






24. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






25. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






26. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






27. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






28. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






29. A gene located on a sex chromosome.






30. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






31. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






32. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






33. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






34. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






35. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






36. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






37. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






38. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






39. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






40. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






41. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






42. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






43. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






44. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






45. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.






46. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






47. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






48. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






49. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






50. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter