Test your basic knowledge |

AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






2. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






3. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.






4. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






5. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






6. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






7. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






8. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






9. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






10. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






11. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






12. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






13. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.






14. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






15. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






16. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






17. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






18. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






19. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






20. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






21. Dissolving agent of a solution






22. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






23. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






24. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






25. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






26. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






27. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






28. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






29. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






30. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






31. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






32. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






33. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






34. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






35. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.






36. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






37. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






38. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






39. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






40. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






41. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.






42. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






43. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






44. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






45. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






46. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






47. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






48. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






49. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






50. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells