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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.






2. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






3. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






4. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






5. Having an affinity to water






6. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






7. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






8. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






9. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






10. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






11. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






12. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






13. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






14. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






15. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






16. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






17. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






18. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






19. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






20. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






21. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






22. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






23. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






24. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






25. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.






26. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






27. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






28. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






29. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






30. A negatively charged ion






31. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






32. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






33. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






34. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






35. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






36. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






37. A solution in which water is the solvent






38. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






39. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






40. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






41. Anything takes up space and has mass






42. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






43. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






44. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






45. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






46. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






47. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






48. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






49. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






50. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.