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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organizing the structures and activities of cells
actin
cytoskeleton
ketone
mitotoic phase
2. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.
F2 generation
photorespiration
electrochemical gradient
protein
3. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).
matter
flaccid (limp)
polygenic inheritance
genes
4. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
duchenne muscular dystropy
peptide bond
microtubules
5. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell
RNA
chromosome theory of inheritance
Cell-cell recognition
cleavage
6. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.
parental types
element
trait
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
7. An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. A monohybrid results from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles. For example - parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid genotype of Aa.
hemophilia
allosteric site
wavelength
monohybrids
8. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell
proton pump
monomer
glycoproteins
hydrogen bond
9. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.
glycosidic linkage
photosystem II
entropy
peripheral proteins
10. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.
cyclic electron flow
competitive inhibitor
cyclin
faculative anaerobes
11. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid
cristae (plural - cristae)
tight junctions
transport proteins
glycosidic linkage
12. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle
ribosomes
duchenne muscular dystropy
interphase
free ribosomes
13. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
active site
recessive allele
sister chromatids
14. An individual with the normal phenotype.
tumor
wild type
incomplete dominance
chlorophyll B
15. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins
genes
sodium potassium pump
Peripheral proteins
sex chromosomes
16. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.
cytosol
exocytosis
transfer RNA
1st law of thermodynamics
17. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs
malignant tumor
trans face
alcohol fermentation
growth factor
18. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.
sporophyte
visible light
mitotoic phase
aerobic
19. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
action spectrum
unsaturated fatty acid
lysosomes
20. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production
2nd law of thermodynamics
epistasis
synapsis
rough ER
21. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.
terminator
compound
clone
monosaccharides
22. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.
origins replication
base pair substitution
transcription unit
heat
23. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
law of independent assortment
electrochemical gradient
oxidation
leading strand
24. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.
bacteriophage
inversion
mismatch repair
viral envelope
25. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole
isotopes
linked genes
golgi apparatus
Peripheral proteins
26. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.
monohybrids
lysosomes
binary fission
endoplasmic reticulum
27. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.
homologous chromosomes
pedigree
terminator
cleavage
28. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
redox reactions
tonoplast
parental types
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
29. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.
sporophyte
amino acid
acid precipitation
Peripheral proteins
30. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.
sickle cell anemia
chromosome theory of inheritance
sex chromosomes
structural isomers
31. A substance that is dissolved in a solution
chromosomes
solute
facilitated diffusion
translation
32. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.
haploid cells
meiosis
electromagnetic spectrum
Oxidative Phosphorylation
33. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a
clone
freeze-fracture
electrogenic pump
golgi apparatus
34. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i
RNA splicing
sodium potassium pump
exergonic reaction
catalyst
35. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.
fluid mosaic model
microfilaments
tonoplast
transport vesicles
36. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.
bacteriophage
gametes
hydroxyl groups
steroids
37. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
stroma
cis face
gated channels
carboxyl group
38. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)
specific heat
centrioles
bound ribosomes
phospholipid
39. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
cellular respiration
cotransport
1st law of thermodynamics
electronegativity
40. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form
F1 generation
photosystem II
heat
amino acid
41. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
Cell-cell recognition
nucleoid
cell cycle control system
prophase
42. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
electron transport chain
Oxidative Phosphorylation
phospholipid
nucleus
43. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids
grana
translation
hydrogen bond
light reactions
44. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.
feedback inhibition
template strand
binary fission
disaccharides
45. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.
isotopes
tetrad
krebs Cycle
centrosome
46. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.
solute
benign tumor
endocytosis
ribosomal RNA
47. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene
matter
autotrophs
terminator
concentration gradient
48. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.
lysosomes
introns
monohybrids
primary transcript
49. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.
photophosphorylation
spliceosome
pyrimidines
redox reactions
50. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Cytosine (C) - thymine (T) - and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.
origins replication
pyrimidines
noncyclic electron flow
chromosome theory of inheritance