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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






2. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






3. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






4. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






5. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






6. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






7. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






8. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






9. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






10. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






11. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






12. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






13. A gene located on a sex chromosome.






14. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






15. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






16. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






17. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






18. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






19. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






20. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.






21. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






22. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.






23. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.






24. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






25. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.






26. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






27. Anything takes up space and has mass






28. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






29. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






30. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






31. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






32. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






33. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.






34. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.






35. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






36. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






37. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






38. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






39. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






40. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom






41. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






42. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






43. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






44. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






45. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






46. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






47. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






48. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






49. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






50. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.