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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






2. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






3. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






4. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






5. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






6. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






7. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.






8. A functional group important in energy transfer.






9. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






10. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.






11. A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three - resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.






12. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






13. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






14. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






15. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






16. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






17. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






18. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






19. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






20. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






21. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






22. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






23. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






24. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






25. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






26. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






27. An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. A monohybrid results from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles. For example - parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid genotype of Aa.






28. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






29. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






30. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






31. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






32. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






33. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






34. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






35. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






36. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






37. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






38. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






39. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






40. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






41. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






42. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






43. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






44. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






45. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






46. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






47. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






48. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






49. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






50. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes