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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






2. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






3. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






4. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






5. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.






6. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.






7. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






8. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.






9. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






10. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






11. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






12. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid






13. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






14. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






15. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






16. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.






17. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






18. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






19. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






20. Differences between members of the same species.






21. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






22. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






23. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






24. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






25. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






26. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






27. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






28. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






29. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






30. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






31. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






32. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






33. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






34. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






35. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






36. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






37. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






38. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






39. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






40. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






41. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






42. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






43. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






44. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






45. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






46. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






47. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






48. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






49. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






50. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.