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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






2. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






3. Anything takes up space and has mass






4. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






5. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






6. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






7. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






8. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






9. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






10. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






11. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






12. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






13. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






14. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






15. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






16. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






17. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






18. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






19. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






20. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






21. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






22. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






23. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






24. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






25. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






26. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






27. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






28. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






29. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






30. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






31. Reproduction of cells






32. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






33. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






34. Differences between members of the same species.






35. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)






36. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






37. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






38. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






39. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.






40. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






41. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element






42. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






43. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.






44. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






45. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the






46. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.






47. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes






48. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






49. A negatively charged ion






50. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties