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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






2. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






3. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






4. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






5. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






6. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






7. A negatively charged ion






8. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






9. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






10. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






11. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






12. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.






13. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






14. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






15. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






16. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






17. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






18. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






19. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






20. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.






21. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






22. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






23. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






24. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.






25. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






26. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






27. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






28. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






29. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






30. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.






31. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






32. Having an affinity to water






33. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.






34. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






35. The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.






36. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






37. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






38. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






39. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






40. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






41. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






42. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






43. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






44. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






45. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






46. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






47. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






48. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






49. The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.






50. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.