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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.






2. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






3. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






4. Anything takes up space and has mass






5. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






6. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






7. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






8. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






9. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






10. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






11. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid






12. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






13. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






14. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






15. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






16. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






17. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






18. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






19. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy






20. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






21. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






22. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.






23. The reactant on which an enzyme works






24. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






25. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






26. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






27. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






28. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






29. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






30. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.






31. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






32. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






33. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






34. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






35. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






36. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






37. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






38. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






39. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






40. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.






41. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






42. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






43. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






44. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






45. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.






46. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






47. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a






48. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






49. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






50. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases