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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
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Subjects
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science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
cytoskeleton
pleiotropy
isotopes
anion
2. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
cis face
alternation of generations
fertilization
proton
3. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.
functions of the proteins
bound ribosomes
ultra centrifuges
exons
4. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti
linkage map
temperature
mRNA
beta oxidation
5. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
cytosol
nuclear envelope
catalyst
fatty acid
6. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.
variation
induced fit
action spectrum
mutagens
7. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.
amino group
anaerobic
mutagens
solute
8. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.
barr body
passive transport
element
beta (B) pleated sheet
9. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.
electron
amphipathic molecules
cell fractionation
golgi apparatus
10. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
dehydration reaction
flagella
monosaccharides
DNA
11. The genetic makeup of an organism
anion
genotype
recessive allele
translation
12. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.
homologous chromosomes
origins replication
alcohol fermentation
cell division
13. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.
beta (B) pleated sheet
heterozygous
genotype
nucleolus
14. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction
redox reactions
tonoplast
nondisjunction
meiosis
15. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
electron
electrochemical gradient
concentration gradient
chromatin
16. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production
linked genes
buffers
rough ER
DNA
17. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help
transformation
metaphase
mitochondria
proton
18. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane
anaerobic
electrochemical gradient
genetics
passive transport
19. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis
cell plate
unsaturated fatty acid
codons
noncyclic phosphorylation
20. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring
benign tumor
inversion
centrioles
acid
21. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.
solute
Peripheral proteins
hypertonic
isomers
22. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond
cilia
template strand
hydrogen bond
cyclic photophosphorylation
23. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a
element
tetrad
clone
solution
24. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.
RNA splicing
terminator
chromatin
allosteric site
25. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.
isotopes
cristae (plural - cristae)
peroxisome
telomeres
26. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.
centromere
fat
disaccharides
photon
27. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs
central vacuole
G1 phase
growth factor
surface tension
28. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds
nucleus
geometric isomers
cohesion
homozygous
29. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.
hydrogen bond
Cytochrome
replication fork
plasma membrane
30. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients
facilitated diffusion
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
Cell-cell recognition
dominant allele
31. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.
C4 plants
ketone
exons
sickle cell anemia
32. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.
oxidizing agent
osmoregulation
endergonic reaction
cellulose
33. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
glycogen
diploid cells
cyclic photophosphorylation
golgi apparatus
34. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release
primary transcript
CAM
autotrophs
carbonyl groups
35. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.
carotenoids
geometric isomers
chloroplasts
trace elements
36. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.
pedigree
active transport
gametes
P. generation
37. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual
P. generation
malignant tumor
monohybrids
sex chromosomes
38. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.
monomer
fluid mosaic model
pedigree
heterozygous
39. A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
amniocentesis
prokaryotic cell
fluid mosaic model
mutagens
40. A characteristic
acid
sodium potassium pump
sister chromatids
trait
41. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.
chlorophyll
G0 phase
thermodynamics
domains
42. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell
photon
hydrophilic
proton pump
amniocentesis
43. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus
electron
macromolecule
trans face
centrioles
44. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).
metaphase
pinocytosis
carbonyl groups
organic chemistry
45. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen
insertion
base pair substitution
cyclic electron flow
domains
46. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy
growth factor
pH
exergonic reaction
genes
47. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.
thermodynamics
chiasmata
fluid mosaic model
valence electrons
48. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids
electrochemical gradient
viral envelope
trait
fat
49. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.
anaerobic
karyotype
active site
flaccid (limp)
50. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
double helix
diffusion
NADP+
cristae (plural - cristae)
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