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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






2. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






3. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






4. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






5. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






6. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






7. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






8. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






9. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






10. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole






11. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






12. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






13. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






14. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






15. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






16. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






17. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.






18. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






19. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






20. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






21. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






22. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






23. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






24. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






25. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






26. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






27. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






28. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






29. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






30. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






31. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






32. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






33. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






34. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






35. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






36. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






37. The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.






38. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






39. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






40. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






41. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






42. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






43. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






44. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






45. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






46. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.






47. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






48. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






49. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






50. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle