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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.
transport vesicles
trisomic
active site
cell cycle
2. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote
nucleus
induced fit
gametes
alternation of generations
3. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.
transformation
photon
tonoplast
leading strand
4. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).
sporophyte
triplet code
Integral proteins
ribosomes
5. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites
cell cycle control system
trans face
cofactor
glycosidic linkage
6. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.
sodium potassium pump
transport vesicles
autotrophs
passive transport
7. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.
cofactor
electrochemical gradient
Rough ER
mitochondria
8. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
amniocentesis
glycolysis
gap junctions
chromosomes
9. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.
photosystem II
photon
ATP
isomers
10. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins
trans face
facilitated diffusion
glycosidic linkage
ribosomes
11. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis
tetrad
mitochondria
mRNA
mitotoic phase
12. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.
light reactions
trait
ribosomal RNA
sexual reproduction
13. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.
phospholipid
organelles
cristae (plural - cristae)
alternation of generations
14. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.
bundle sheath cell
plastids
concentration gradient
aldehyde
15. The electron donor in a redox reaction.
reducing agent
phenotype
adhesion
cyclic electron flow
16. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement
microtubules
ligands
cell cycle
reducing agent
17. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus
electron
telomeres
electron microscope
passive transport
18. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene
Oxidative Phosphorylation
terminator
passive transport
disaccharides
19. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass
CAM
isotopes
sulfhydryl group
acid
20. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th
incomplete dominance
thylakoids
allosteric site
concentration gradient
21. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.
transcription
ultra centrifuges
induced fit
G0 phase
22. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom
adhesion
reduction
missense mutations
proton
23. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids
gametophyte
C4 plants
pinocytosis
centromere
24. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.
hydrolysis
smooth ER
cholesterol
transformation
25. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.
heterotrophs
capsid
chromosome theory of inheritance
cohesion
26. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
cis face
collagen
phagocytosis
freeze-fracture
27. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
base pair substitution
homozygous
structural isomers
hydrophobic
28. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
cohesion
double helix
pedigree
surface tension
29. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.
glycolysis
carotenoids
cellulose
oxidizing agent
30. Reproduction of cells
complete dominance
cell division
noncyclic phosphorylation
noncompetitive inhibitor
31. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.
C4 plants
carbonyl groups
polyribosomes
law of independent assortment
32. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair
point mutation
hypotonic
cytoskeleton
Rough ER
33. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.
polymer
monosaccharides
feedback inhibition
phosphate group
34. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
gated channels
hydrolysis
electron transport chain
cholesterol
35. The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the
stroma
carboxyl group
fluid mosaic model
covalent bonds
36. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.
cytological maps
glycoproteins
cytoskeleton
genetic recombination
37. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.
exocytosis
lagging strand
telomeres
anaerobic
38. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.
barr body
mismatch repair
diffusion
glycoproteins
39. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
chiasmata
law of independent assortment
chlorophyll A
reducing agent
40. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.
amino acid
centromere
visible light
glycoproteins
41. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.
active site
aerobic
ketone
steroids
42. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.
pyrimidines
ribosomes
golgi apparatus
mesophyll cell
43. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
stroma
nuclear envelope
carboxyl group
C3 plants
44. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts
Cytochrome
interphase
RNA processing
macromolecule
45. The electrons in the outermost electron shell
lactid acid fermentation
valence electrons
fluid mosaic model
duplication
46. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.
starch
acid
nuclease
tetrad
47. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl
feedback inhibition
linkage map
somatic cell
nucleus
48. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.
hydrogen bond
sister chromatids
monomer
chemical bonds
49. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins
hypertonic
G0 phase
grana
parental types
50. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
Acetyl CoA
plasma membrane
smooth ER
chlorophyll A
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