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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.
reduction
benign tumor
monosomic
base pair substitution
2. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.
smooth ER
electromagnetic spectrum
protein
exergonic reaction
3. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.
sex linked genes
peripheral proteins
complete dominance
phenotype
4. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
transcription unit
oxidation
photophosphorylation
temperature
5. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.
somatic cell
sex chromosomes
ultra centrifuges
lysosomes
6. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.
spliceosome
bundle sheath cell
nuclease
endergonic reaction
7. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.
anaerobic
cystic fibrosis
prometaphase
hypotonic
8. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.
actin
transformation
mitosis
cotransport
9. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits
cilia
cell plate
genes
ribosomes
10. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II
golgi apparatus
cilia
recessive allele
sister chromatids
11. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.
monosaccharides
centromere
transcription unit
sex chromosomes
12. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
polyploidy
energy coupling
surface tension
cell fractionation
13. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins
mitotic spindle
Peripheral proteins
Rough ER
1st law of thermodynamics
14. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact
geometric isomers
allosteric site
proton pump
prophase
15. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.
clone
dominant allele
bound ribosomes
photosystem II
16. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
centromere
Rough ER
promoter
inversion
17. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.
cilia
homozygous
thermodynamics
rough ER
18. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
passive transport
aquaporins(water channel)
genes
19. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
golgi apparatus
cell cycle control system
lysosomes
photosystem I
20. Differences between members of the same species.
variation
voltage
krebs Cycle
lagging strand
21. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.
fluid mosaic model
law of independent assortment
primary electron acceptor
inversion
22. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.
mesophyll cell
nucleus
2nd law of thermodynamics
calvin cycle
23. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria
bundle sheath cell
anaphase
steroids
peroxisomes
24. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl
endoplasmic reticulum
collagen
freeze-fracture
nucleus
25. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
ligands
hydrocarbons
osmosis
alcohol fermentation
26. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides
cis face
nuclease
amino group
plasma membrane
27. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells
carotenoids
S phase
incomplete dominance
gap junctions
28. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
genes
chemical bonds
carbonyl groups
organic chemistry
29. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.
turgid (firm)
valence electrons
tumor
hydrophobic
30. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.
buffers
chlorophyll
transformation
haploid cells
31. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.
crossing over
thylakoids
homozygous
linked genes
32. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome
prokaryotic cell
chromatin
prophase
character
33. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.
anaphase
gated channels
chlorophyll B
homozygous
34. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.
cation
ATP synthase
central vacuole
genetics
35. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.
somatic cell
induced fit
enantiomers
hypotonic
36. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells
free energy
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
chemical bonds
spectrophotometer
37. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.
phospholipid
electromagnetic spectrum
cell fractionation
missense mutations
38. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
crossing over
integral proteins
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
39. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus
gated channels
functional groups
leading strand
cellular respiration
40. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
starch
ATP synthase
phagocytosis
density dependent inhibitor
41. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.
homologous chromosomes
purines
homozygous
ribosomal RNA
42. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.
cytosol
bacteriophage
tumor
compound
43. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car
bundle sheath cell
photorespiration
nondisjunction
kinetochore
44. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.
RNA polymerase
hemophilia
monosomic
cilia
45. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings
endergonic reaction
facilitated diffusion
collagen
functions of the proteins
46. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.
diploid cells
heredity
organelles
G0 phase
47. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.
electron microscope
visible light
aerobic
F2 generation
48. The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.
Acetyl CoA
peroxisomes
prokaryotic cell
catalyst
49. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)
anion
specific heat
solution
linkage map
50. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.
aqueous solution
concentration gradient
geometric isomers
introns