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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






2. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






3. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






4. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.






5. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






6. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






7. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






8. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






9. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






10. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






11. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






12. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






13. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






14. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






15. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






16. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






17. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






18. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.






19. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






20. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






21. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






22. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






23. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






24. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.






25. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






26. Anything takes up space and has mass






27. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






28. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






29. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






30. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






31. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






32. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






33. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






34. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






35. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






36. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






37. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






38. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






39. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






40. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






41. Region where cells microtubules are initiated






42. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






43. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






44. The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.






45. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






46. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






47. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






48. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






49. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






50. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.