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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






2. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






3. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






4. Differences between members of the same species.






5. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






6. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






7. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






8. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






9. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






10. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






11. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






12. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






13. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






14. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






15. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






16. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






17. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells






18. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






19. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






20. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






21. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






22. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






23. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






24. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






25. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






26. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






27. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






28. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






29. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






30. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






31. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






32. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.






33. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






34. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






35. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






36. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






37. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






38. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






39. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






40. A functional group important in energy transfer.






41. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






42. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






43. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






44. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






45. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






46. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






47. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






48. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.






49. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






50. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.