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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






2. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be monosomic for that chromosome.






3. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






4. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






5. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.






6. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






7. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






8. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






9. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.






10. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






11. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






12. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






13. An individual with the normal phenotype.






14. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






15. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






16. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






17. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






18. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






19. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






20. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






21. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.






22. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






23. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






24. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






25. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






26. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






27. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






28. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






29. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






30. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






31. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body






32. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






33. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






34. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






35. Complete complement of organisms genes; genetic material






36. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






37. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






38. A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material - forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.






39. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






40. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






41. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






42. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






43. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






44. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






45. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






46. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






47. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






48. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






49. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






50. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits