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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.
starch
genetic recombination
chlorophyll B
concentration gradient
2. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.
mitotic spindle
lactid acid fermentation
wavelength
lagging strand
3. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
phagocytosis
deletion
tonoplast
quantitive characters
4. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
functional groups
amino acid
reaction center
atom
5. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this
Cell-cell recognition
diploid cells
chloroplast
bundle sheath cell
6. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome
photorespiration
hybridization
duplication
chromatin
7. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element
Integral proteins
atom
cytosol
monosaccharides
8. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.
carotenoids
mRNA
polymer
allosteric site
9. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.
triplet code
bacteriophage
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
valence electrons
10. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited
density dependent inhibitor
food vacuoles
epistasis
growth factor
11. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
capsid
genetics
metaphase
unsaturated fatty acid
12. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact
prophase
double helix
chromatin
stroma
13. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible
chromosomes
nucleoid
homozygous
cell wall
14. Differences between members of the same species.
amphipathic molecules
2nd law of thermodynamics
variation
law of independent assortment
15. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.
plastids
nuclease
somatic cell
heterotrophs
16. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.
polygenic inheritance
primary transcript
gated channels
monomer
17. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.
functional groups
ribosomes
phospholipids
polygenic inheritance
18. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus
electron
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
proton
osmosis
19. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.
DNA ligase
sodium potassium pump
duchenne muscular dystropy
pyrimidines
20. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.
growth factor
functional groups
bundle sheath cell
nuclear envelope
21. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.
linked genes
atom
ribosomal RNA
anion
22. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
anaerobic
denaturation
hydrocarbons
peptide bond
23. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.
base
C4 plants
plasmolysis
sporophyte
24. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.
beta (B) pleated sheet
2nd law of thermodynamics
ribosomal RNA
alternation of generations
25. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.
diploid cells
RNA processing
point mutation
Integral proteins
26. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.
geometric isomers
cell plate
gametophyte
chromosome theory of inheritance
27. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell
true breeding
anaphase
hydrolysis
photon
28. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis
nucleic acid
DNA
monosomic
grana
29. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
exergonic reaction
organelles
light reactions
base
30. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.
ultra centrifuges
lysosomes
osmoregulation
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
31. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.
proton motive force
polyploidy
cotransport
heterotrophs
32. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis
trace elements
gated channels
purines
ribosomes
33. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.
mitosis
RNA splicing
primer
diploid cells
34. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.
exergonic reaction
aquaporins(water channel)
hypertonic
ribosomes
35. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.
autotrophs
ribosomal RNA
Peripheral proteins
electron transport chain
36. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help
mitochondria
gametes
noncyclic phosphorylation
passive transport
37. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.
nucleolus
absorption spectrum
transport proteins
sexual reproduction
38. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.
template strand
pH
membrane potential
Integral proteins
39. Dissolving agent of a solution
rough ER
solvent
1st law of thermodynamics
photophosphorylation
40. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
mRNA
light reactions
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
aquaporins(water channel)
41. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
coenzyme
insertion
base pair substitution
cholesterol
42. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Cytosine (C) - thymine (T) - and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.
collagen
promoter
law of segregration
pyrimidines
43. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive
polar covalent bonds
compound
introns
asexual reproduction
44. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells
cell plate
gap junctions
ribosomes
trait
45. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
electromagnetic spectrum
freeze-fracture
nuclease
lysosomes
46. A substance that is dissolved in a solution
food vacuoles
solute
peptide bond
RNA splicing
47. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.
free energy
variation
gated channels
peptide bond
48. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.
prophase
character
sporophyte
osmosis
49. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
receptor mediated endocytosis
hydroxyl groups
golgi apparatus
duchenne muscular dystropy
50. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells
homozygous
chemical bonds
golgi apparatus
density dependent inhibitor