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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






2. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






3. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






4. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






5. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






6. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






7. An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. A monohybrid results from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles. For example - parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid genotype of Aa.






8. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






9. A characteristic






10. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






11. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






12. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






13. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






14. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






15. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






16. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






17. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






18. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






19. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






20. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






21. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






22. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






23. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






24. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






25. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






26. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






27. Mendel's first law - stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation - and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.






28. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






29. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






30. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






31. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site






32. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






33. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






34. A heritable feature.






35. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






36. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






37. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.






38. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






39. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






40. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






41. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






42. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






43. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






44. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






45. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






46. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






47. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






48. Having an affinity to water






49. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






50. A machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities.