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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






2. A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.






3. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






4. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






5. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell






6. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






7. A gene located on a sex chromosome.






8. Period when cell cycle when cell is not dividing- cell metabolic activity is high - chromsomes and organelles are duplicated and cell size may increase. 90% of cell cycle






9. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






10. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






11. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






12. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






13. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






14. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






15. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






16. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






17. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






18. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.






19. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






20. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






21. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






22. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






23. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






24. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






25. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






26. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






27. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






28. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






29. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)






30. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






31. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






32. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






33. The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure - which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.






34. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






35. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






36. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






37. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






38. Differences between members of the same species.






39. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






40. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






41. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases






42. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






43. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass






44. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






45. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






46. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






47. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






48. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






49. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid






50. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.