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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.
endoplasmic reticulum
covalent bonds
cis face
barr body
2. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.
ribosomes
contractile vacuoles
functions of the proteins
polysaccharides
3. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.
cytokenisis
genetic recombination
competitive inhibitor
nucleic acid
4. Collagen most abundant in animal cells
sulfhydryl group
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
purines
S phase
5. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.
law of segregration
thylakoids
transformation
noncyclic phosphorylation
6. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid
peripheral proteins
light reactions
ATP synthase
pinocytosis
7. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.
lysosomes
chemical bonds
thylakoids
recessive allele
8. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).
cytosol
sulfhydryl group
fat
ligands
9. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.
crossing over
homologous chromosomes
law of independent assortment
photon
10. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.
codons
mesophyll cell
nuclease
active transport
11. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate
primary transcript
metaphase
endocytosis
base
12. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis
noncompetitive inhibitor
homologous chromosomes
cytokenisis
visible light
13. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
concentration gradient
enantiomers
isotopes
polygenic inheritance
14. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).
aqueous solution
recessive allele
quantitive characters
meiosis
15. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids
mesophyll cell
centromere
condensation reaction
competitive inhibitor
16. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.
terminator
contractile vacuoles
facilitated diffusion
trans face
17. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
nucleolus
facilitated diffusion
light reactions
promoter
18. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.
reducing agent
redox reactions
steroids
template strand
19. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
aqueous solution
C4 plants
meiosis
peroxisome
20. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.
glycoproteins
insertion
mitochondria
fatty acid
21. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina
central vacuole
intermediate filaments
beta (B) pleated sheet
hydrophilic
22. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.
dominant allele
cofactor
binary fission
active site
23. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.
peroxisome
activation energy
electromagnetic spectrum
cis face
24. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.
gametophyte
recessive allele
nucleic acid
organic chemistry
25. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
cristae (plural - cristae)
peroxisome
26. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.
Cell-cell recognition
temperature
ribosomes
transport proteins
27. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.
polygenic inheritance
trisomic
fermentation
C4 plants
28. A solution in which water is the solvent
Oxidative Phosphorylation
polyribosomes
hydrocarbons
aqueous solution
29. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
nuclear lamina
cholesterol
duchenne muscular dystropy
membrane potential
30. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.
geometric isomers
fertilization
ribosomes
gametes
31. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring
geometric isomers
amniocentesis
parental types
centrioles
32. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons
hybridization
cation
cell cycle control system
inversion
33. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material
cholesterol
centrosomes
chromatin
electrogenic pumps
34. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for
active transport
amino group
RNA processing
specific heat
35. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules
lysosomes
diffusion
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
rough ER
36. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.
parental types
ATP
spectrophotometer
fluid mosaic model
37. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes
active site
endoplasmic reticulum
codons
polygenic inheritance
38. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.
grana
barr body
nuclear lamina
nucleoid
39. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.
electrogenic pump
purines
photorespiration
fermentation
40. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.
lagging strand
concentration gradient
centrioles
adhesion
41. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.
hypotonic
proton pump
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
codons
42. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and
transport proteins
sister chromatids
cellular respiration
electrogenic pump
43. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.
heterotrophs
domains
RNA processing
life cycle
44. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
homozygous
collagen
Oxidative Phosphorylation
transcription unit
45. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell
adhesion
cholesterol
compound
cleavage
46. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.
base pair substitution
photosystem I
primer
actin
47. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.
recessive allele
mutagens
cytological maps
ketone
48. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion
passive transport
base pair substitution
golgi apparatus
fat
49. The genetic makeup of an organism
genotype
lagging strand
cyclic electron flow
pedigree
50. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.
C3 plants
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
free energy
proton motive force