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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






2. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






3. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






4. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






5. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






6. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






7. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






8. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






9. Region where cells microtubules are initiated






10. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






11. A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution - accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.






12. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






13. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






14. Differences between members of the same species.






15. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






16. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






17. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






18. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






19. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






20. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






21. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






22. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






23. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction






24. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






25. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






26. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






27. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






28. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






29. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






30. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.






31. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






32. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






33. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






34. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse






35. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






36. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






37. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






38. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






39. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






40. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






41. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






42. A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.






43. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






44. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






45. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






46. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






47. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






48. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






49. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






50. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.