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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






2. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






3. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






4. An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. A monohybrid results from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles. For example - parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid genotype of Aa.






5. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






6. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






7. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






8. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






9. In cellular metabolism - the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.






10. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






11. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






12. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






13. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






14. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






15. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






16. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






17. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






18. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






19. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






20. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






21. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






22. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






23. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.






24. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






25. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






26. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






27. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






28. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






29. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.






30. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom






31. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






32. Anything takes up space and has mass






33. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






34. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.






35. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






36. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






37. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






38. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






39. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






40. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






41. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






42. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






43. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






44. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






45. A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides






46. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






47. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






48. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






49. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






50. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.