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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






2. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






3. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






4. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






5. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






6. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell






7. Electrical potential energy due to the separation of opposite charges






8. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






9. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






10. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






11. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






12. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






13. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.






14. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






15. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






16. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






17. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






18. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






19. Protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.






20. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






21. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids






22. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






23. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






24. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






25. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






26. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






27. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face






28. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






29. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






30. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






31. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






32. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






33. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






34. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






35. A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus






36. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






37. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






38. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






39. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






40. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






41. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






42. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






43. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






44. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






45. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






46. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






47. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






48. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






49. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






50. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.







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