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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






2. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






3. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






4. A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction - growth - and development.






5. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






6. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






7. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a






8. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






9. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass






10. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






11. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.






12. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






13. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






14. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






15. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






16. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






17. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






18. A solution in which water is the solvent






19. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






20. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






21. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






22. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






23. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






24. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






25. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






26. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






27. Anything takes up space and has mass






28. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






29. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






30. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






31. Double membrane perforated by pores which regulate entry and exit of certain macromolecules and particles






32. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






33. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






34. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






35. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






36. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






37. A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.






38. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






39. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






40. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






41. Reproduction of cells






42. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






43. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






44. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






45. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






46. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






47. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






48. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






49. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






50. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.