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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.
acid
peroxisome
transformation
nuclease
2. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.
visible light
life cycle
1st law of thermodynamics
adhesion
3. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
nucleoid
duchenne muscular dystropy
pedigree
membrane potential
4. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule
DNA ligase
electrogenic pumps
transcription unit
covalent bonds
5. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)
somatic cell
solution
mitotic spindle
prophase
6. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.
linked genes
golgi apparatus
desmosome
ribosomes
7. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
proton motive force
photorespiration
base
centrioles
8. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.
desmosome
freeze-fracture
nucleoid
gametophyte
9. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated
proton pump
RNA polymerase
S phase
osmosis
10. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.
primary transcript
capsid
transcription
hemophilia
11. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
starch
amniocentesis
solvent
transfer RNA
12. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.
cotransport
extracellular matrix
1st law of thermodynamics
aerobic
13. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car
photorespiration
insertion
activation energy
F2 generation
14. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
matter
codominance
surface tension
cytoskeleton
15. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.
desmosome
freeze-fracture
cell fractionation
dehydration reaction
16. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.
DNA
gametes
nucleic acid
flaccid (limp)
17. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
unsaturated fatty acid
osmosis
cellular respiration
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
18. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
malignant tumor
noncompetitive inhibitor
S phase
chloroplasts
19. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
cystic fibrosis
entropy
pinocytosis
photophosphorylation
20. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
genetics
cytoskeleton
gap junctions
trait
21. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.
electrogenic pump
hemophilia
photon
inversion
22. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter
dehydration reaction
osmosis
pH
monosaccharides
23. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.
hydrophilic
freeze-fracture
light reactions
electrochemical gradient
24. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom
proton
hydrolysis
nuclease
cyclin
25. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.
solution
gated channels
sex chromosomes
base
26. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration
glycolysis
pyrimidines
transport proteins
bundle sheath cell
27. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle
cell cycle control system
carotenoids
Cytochrome
competitive inhibitor
28. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins
concentration gradient
pinocytosis
G0 phase
cotransport
29. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.
base pair substitution
proton pump
missense mutations
integral proteins
30. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form
heat
passive transport
starch
condensation reaction
31. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.
protein
denaturation
promoter
somatic cells
32. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this
homologous chromosomes
desmosome
heterotrophs
linked genes
33. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
sulfhydryl group
dehydration reaction
photorespiration
density dependent inhibitor
34. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells
chemical bonds
noncompetitive inhibitor
coenzyme
phagocytosis
35. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.
Acetyl CoA
fatty acid
hypertonic
lysosomes
36. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.
fertilization
disaccharides
hypertonic
karyotype
37. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons
photophosphorylation
covalent bonds
collagen
chromosome theory of inheritance
38. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this
character
electron transport chain
Cell-cell recognition
Cytochrome
39. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.
parental types
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
growth factor
transformation
40. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
mitosis
enantiomers
oxidizing agent
hydrophobic
41. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.
spliceosome
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
primary transcript
cholesterol
42. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.
grana
leading strand
carboxyl group
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
43. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and
transport proteins
cytoskeleton
meiosis
RNA splicing
44. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o
Oxidative Phosphorylation
terminator
functions of the proteins
element
45. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.
NADP+
Cell-cell recognition
glycolysis
chloroplast
46. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps
mitosis
endoplasmic reticulum
diploid cells
electrogenic pumps
47. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.
cilia
cytological maps
barr body
C4 plants
48. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically
chromatin
amphipathic molecules
cyclin
promoter
49. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.
hypotonic
malignant tumor
DNA
carotenoids
50. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.
ATP
phosphate group
ribosomes
aldehyde