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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






2. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






3. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






4. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






5. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






6. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






7. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






8. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






9. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






10. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






11. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.






12. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






13. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






14. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






15. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






16. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.






17. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






18. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.






19. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






20. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






21. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






22. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






23. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






24. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






25. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.






26. The spread of cancer to locations distant form original site






27. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






28. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






29. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






30. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






31. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






32. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






33. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






34. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






35. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






36. An individual with the normal phenotype.






37. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






38. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole






39. The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.






40. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






41. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






42. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






43. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






44. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






45. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






46. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






47. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






48. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






49. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






50. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins