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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






2. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






3. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






4. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






5. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






6. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






7. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






8. A substance that is dissolved in a solution






9. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






10. A solution in which water is the solvent






11. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






12. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.






13. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






14. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






15. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






16. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






17. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






18. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






19. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






20. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.






21. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






22. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons






23. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins






24. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






25. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






26. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






27. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene






28. Collagen most abundant in animal cells






29. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






30. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






31. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






32. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






33. A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.






34. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






35. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






36. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






37. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom






38. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






39. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.






40. A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness - symbolized by S.






41. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






42. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.






43. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.






44. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






45. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid






46. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






47. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






48. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






49. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside






50. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.