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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.
primary electron acceptor
cation
aquaporins(water channel)
Acetyl CoA
2. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.
transformation
cytosol
photosystem I
cytological maps
3. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
peripheral proteins
glycogen
nondisjunction
disaccharides
4. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
aldehyde
glycosidic linkage
cytosol
organelles
5. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.
replication fork
plastids
primary transcript
fluid mosaic model
6. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)
G0 phase
sexual reproduction
bound ribosomes
heterozygous
7. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).
barr body
mutagens
polyploidy
genes
8. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.
chromatin
telomeres
2nd law of thermodynamics
chromosomes
9. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases
thermodynamics
incomplete dominance
selective permeability (the ability to allow some sub. to cross the plasma membrane more easily)
cell cycle
10. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).
karyotype
carbohydrates
quantitive characters
atom
11. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.
cis face
proton motive force
anaerobic
valence electrons
12. Collagen most abundant in animal cells
bound ribosomes
codons
DNA
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
13. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.
aldehyde
proton pump
protein
mitochondria
14. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.
redox reactions
coenzyme
benign tumor
duplication
15. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside
pH
hemophilia
membrane potential
nuclear lamina
16. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.
cilia
nuclear envelope
structural isomers
cyclic photophosphorylation
17. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.
electromagnetic spectrum
malignant tumor
insertion
fatty acid
18. A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. making one slightly negative and the other slightly positive
competitive inhibitor
kinetochore
polar covalent bonds
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
19. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis
cyclic photophosphorylation
carotenoids
cell plate
transport proteins
20. Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus - a process unique to eukaryotes.
RNA processing
binary fission
quantitive characters
kinetochore
21. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.
ultra centrifuges
mismatch repair
synapsis
primer
22. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and
mismatch repair
saturated fatty acid
mitotoic phase
transport proteins
23. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.
endoplasmic reticulum
chlorophyll
origins replication
pedigree
24. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.
pedigree
quantitive characters
contractile vacuoles
stroma
25. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis
diploid cells
mitotic spindle
mismatch repair
isotopes
26. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.
meiosis
phospholipids
genotype
cation
27. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.
benign tumor
denaturation
cell fractionation
feedback inhibition
28. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.
hydrolysis
condensation reaction
bundle sheath cell
facilitated diffusion
29. The genetic makeup of an organism
golgi apparatus
isomers
genotype
isotonic
30. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
photosystem I
unsaturated fatty acid
osmosis
pinocytosis
31. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.
CAM
glycogen
ATP
photosystem II
32. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.
facilitated diffusion
transport vesicles
photon
fatty acid
33. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
sulfhydryl group
cotransport
electrogenic pumps
noncompetitive inhibitor
34. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
electron transport chain
beta (B) pleated sheet
carotenoids
promoter
35. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment
trait
plasmolysis
hydrocarbons
oxidation
36. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids
barr body
translation
calvin cycle
capsid
37. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.
cytokenisis
thylakoids
fermentation
absorption spectrum
38. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.
meiosis
complete dominance
C4 plants
karyotype
39. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.
noncompetitive inhibitor
anaerobic
turgid (firm)
exons
40. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.
cytological maps
peripheral proteins
transfer RNA
adhesion
41. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.
cytoplasm
catalyst
tetrad
geometric isomers
42. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
cholesterol
prophase
isomers
sex chromosomes
43. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction
redox reactions
F2 generation
denaturation
dominant allele
44. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
CAM
duplication
collagen
surface tension
45. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
disaccharides
Cytochrome
oxidizing agent
promoter
46. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
1st law of thermodynamics
chromosomes
food vacuoles
C3 plants
47. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.
acid precipitation
actin
calvin cycle
metaphase
48. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter
starch
RNA
cytosol
osmosis
49. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
isomers
nuclease
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
dehydration reaction
50. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.
beta (B) pleated sheet
chlorophyll
carboxyl group
extracellular matrix