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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






2. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






3. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






4. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






5. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






6. The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.






7. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






8. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






9. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






10. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






11. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






12. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






13. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






14. Suspended in cytosol which will function in cytosol (ex:enzymes)






15. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






16. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.






17. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






18. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






19. A specialized structure in the nucleus - formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes.






20. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






21. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






22. Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.






23. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






24. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






25. Region where cells microtubules are initiated






26. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






27. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






28. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






29. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






30. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






31. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






32. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






33. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






34. The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond






35. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.






36. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






37. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






38. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






39. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






40. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






41. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






42. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.






43. Sythesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins) specialized cells secrete proteins produced by rough ER ribosomes and membrane production






44. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






45. Actively maintains the gradient of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells . K+ concentration is low outside animal cell and high inside the cell. Na+ concentration is high outside an animal cell and low i






46. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons






47. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






48. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






49. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






50. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).