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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






2. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






3. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






4. An individual with the normal phenotype.






5. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






6. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






7. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






8. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






9. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






10. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






11. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






12. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






13. A solution in which water is the solvent






14. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






15. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.






16. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






17. A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle






18. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






19. An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.






20. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






21. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






22. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






23. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen






24. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement






25. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs






26. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






27. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






28. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






29. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






30. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






31. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






32. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






33. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20






34. Reproduction of cells






35. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.






36. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






37. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






38. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






39. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






40. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






41. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






42. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.






43. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.






44. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






45. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






46. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






47. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






48. A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule; it accepts an electron from the chlorophyll a molecule.






49. The reactant on which an enzyme works






50. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.