Test your basic knowledge |

AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






2. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.






3. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






4. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.






5. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






6. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






7. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






8. In a heterozygote - the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.






9. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






10. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






11. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






12. 3rd subphase in mitosis; spindle is complete and the chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are aligned at he metaphase plate






13. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.






14. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






15. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






16. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






17. The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically - the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA.






18. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






19. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






20. Digestive compartments (macromolecules) carry out intracellular digestion . Use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material (autophagy)






21. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






22. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






23. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






24. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






25. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






26. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






27. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






28. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






29. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane






30. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






31. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






32. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






33. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






34. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






35. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






36. The X-shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






37. The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.






38. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






39. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






40. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele - characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.






41. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






42. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






43. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes






44. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






45. A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.






46. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






47. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






48. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






49. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.






50. Anything takes up space and has mass