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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






2. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






3. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






4. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






5. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






6. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






7. Reproduction of cells






8. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






9. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






10. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






11. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






12. The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.






13. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






14. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






15. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






16. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






17. A negatively charged ion






18. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






19. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






20. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.






21. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






22. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






23. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






24. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






25. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






26. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






27. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






28. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






29. The genetic makeup of an organism






30. Many ion channels function as gated channels these channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of a chemical or physical stimulus






31. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






32. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






33. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






34. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






35. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






36. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






37. A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules - ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






38. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.






39. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.






40. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






41. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






42. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






43. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






44. A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism - an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions - first discovered in the family Crassulaceae. Carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids - which release






45. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






46. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






47. The first filial - or hybrid - offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.






48. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.






49. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra






50. Maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting girders) cell motility organelle and chromosome movement