Test your basic knowledge |

AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions - which convert solar energy to chemical energy.






2. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






3. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






4. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






5. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






6. An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.






7. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






8. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






9. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






10. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Cytosine (C) - thymine (T) - and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.






11. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane






12. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






13. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






14. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






15. Membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused forming continuous belts around cell to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid






16. A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.






17. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules






18. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






19. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






20. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.






21. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






22. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






23. Specialized structure in special type of RNA - ribosomal RNA - is synthesized + assembled w/ proteins imported from cytoplasm into main components of ribsomal subunits which pass nuclear portes to cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes






24. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






25. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.






26. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






27. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






28. Having two different alleles for a given genetic character






29. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






30. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






31. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






32. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






33. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.






34. The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat - and in spontaneous reactions - the free energy of the system also decreases.






35. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






36. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






37. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






38. An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom






39. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






40. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.






41. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






42. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






43. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






44. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






45. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






46. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.






47. A solution in which water is the solvent






48. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






49. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






50. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.