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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






2. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






3. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






4. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






5. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






6. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






7. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






8. The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.






9. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






10. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






11. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






12. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.






13. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






14. A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid






15. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






16. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.






17. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






18. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






19. The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.






20. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






21. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






22. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






23. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






24. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom






25. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






26. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






27. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






28. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






29. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






30. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






31. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






32. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






33. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






34. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






35. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






36. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






37. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons






38. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this






39. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






40. Molecules that are mirror images of each other.






41. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA.






42. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.






43. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






44. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






45. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






46. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






47. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






48. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






49. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






50. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.