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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






2. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.






3. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






4. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid






5. The reactant on which an enzyme works






6. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






7. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.






8. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.






9. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






10. A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains - using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Pr






11. A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.






12. An accessory pigment - either yellow or orange - in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot - carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.






13. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






14. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






15. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.






16. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






17. (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.






18. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.






19. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






20. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






21. Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.






22. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.






23. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






24. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






25. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis






26. The electron donor in a redox reaction.






27. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






28. Chromosome pairs of the same length - centromere position - and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father - the other from the mother.






29. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






30. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.






31. A functional group important in energy transfer.






32. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






33. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






34. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.






35. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






36. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






37. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






38. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






39. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






40. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






41. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






42. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






43. A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.






44. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






45. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






46. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






47. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






48. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






49. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.






50. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.







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