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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis






2. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.






3. Synthesis phase of cell cycle; portion of interphase which DNA is replicated






4. A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.






5. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






6. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O to break fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






7. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






8. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






9. A negatively charged ion






10. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






11. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






12. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






13. Composed of nine sets of triplet microtubule arrange in a ring






14. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.






15. A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three - resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.






16. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






17. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.






18. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






19. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.






20. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






21. In a heterozygote - the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.






22. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






23. Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.






24. An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.






25. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins






26. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






27. Dissolving agent of a solution






28. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






29. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






30. A functional group important in energy transfer.






31. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins






32. A double-stranded - helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.






33. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






34. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






35. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.






36. A cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid






37. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






38. An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.






39. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






40. An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis






41. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.






42. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






43. Walled cells become _____ as a result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment.






44. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






45. Organizing the structures and activities of cells






46. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






47. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






48. The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation.






49. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






50. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.