Test your basic knowledge |

AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






2. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






3. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.






4. Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.






5. Prokaryotes cell division . Each daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome






6. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






7. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






8. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






9. The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped - polyhedral - or more complete in shape.






10. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a






11. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.






12. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance (liquid)






13. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP - in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.






14. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts






15. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids






16. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.






17. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts






18. A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.






19. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl






20. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






21. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






22. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






23. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






24. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






25. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.






26. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






27. The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.






28. Differences between members of the same species.






29. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.






30. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






31. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






32. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II






33. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






34. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.






35. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






36. Center of manufacturing - warehousing - sorting - and shipping products are usually modified during their transit from the cis pole to the trans pole






37. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






38. A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells






39. The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions - bound to specific carrier proteins - across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients






40. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.






41. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






42. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






43. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






44. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






45. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.






46. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells






47. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.






48. A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell - separating the cytosol from the cell sap






49. A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell between which the new cell wall forms during cytokenisis






50. The second growth face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs