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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.
redox reactions
tight junctions
F1 generation
aldehyde
2. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
buffers
F2 generation
unsaturated fatty acid
hydrogen bond
3. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.
lactid acid fermentation
ribosomal RNA
facilitated diffusion
osmoregulation
4. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis
mitotoic phase
spectrophotometer
buffers
pleiotropy
5. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.
cellulose
amniocentesis
nucleic acid
somatic cell
6. Anything takes up space and has mass
macromolecule
microfilaments
polyploidy
matter
7. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.
sodium potassium pump
macromolecule
polymer
electron microscope
8. A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.
genes
pedigree
cation
peroxisome
9. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.
hydrogen bond
character
heterotrophs
autotrophs
10. A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule - which then departs from the gene
Acetyl CoA
terminator
inversion
growth factor
11. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.
hydrophobic
fertilization
nondisjunction
cell cycle control system
12. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids
centromere
osmoregulation
quantitive characters
reducing agent
13. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.
capsid
centrioles
solvent
endoplasmic reticulum
14. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.
epistasis
pleiotropy
mitochondria
chloroplasts
15. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient.
transformation
cotransport
concentration gradient
phagocytosis
16. Chromatin - nucleolus - nuclear envelope--> directs protein synthesis by synthesizing RNA (mRNA) and sending it to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores-->the mRNA is made according to instruction provided by DNA --> mRNA reaches cytoplasm ribosomes transl
nucleus
trans face
freeze-fracture
plastids
17. Sites of photosynthesis. convert solar energy--> chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 and H20
osmosis
polyploidy
chloroplast
electrochemical gradient
18. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
reducing agent
activation energy
barr body
stroma
19. Network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes
enantiomers
neutron
endoplasmic reticulum
hydrophobic
20. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration
DNA
glycolysis
cleavage
proton
21. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this
cotransport
transport proteins
reducing agent
desmosome
22. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.
stroma
C4 plants
wavelength
synapsis
23. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.
free energy
solvent
electron
bound ribosomes
24. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.
duplication
gated channels
membrane potential
atom
25. A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment
duchenne muscular dystropy
plasmolysis
carbonyl groups
punnett square
26. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
terminator
electrochemical gradient
sickle cell anemia
glycogen
27. Collagen most abundant in animal cells
covalent bonds
complete dominance
tonoplast
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
28. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy
photophosphorylation
reducing agent
exergonic reaction
sporophyte
29. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
amino group
reaction center
cytoskeleton
stroma
30. Mendel's second law - stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.
mutagens
osmosis
law of independent assortment
centromere
31. Drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane 1. chemical force based on an ions concentration gradient. 2. the other is an electrical force based on the effect of the membrane potential on the ion's movement ion diffuses down its electrochemical gra
cleavage
phagocytosis
solute
electrochemical gradient
32. Golgi appartus--> usually located near the ER a vesicle that buds from the ER will add its membrane and the contents of its lumen -cavity - to this face
glycolysis
compound
NaD+
cis face
33. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell
polygenic inheritance
duchenne muscular dystropy
cystic fibrosis
proton pump
34. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina
punnett square
intermediate filaments
organic chemistry
exocytosis
35. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help
organic chemistry
translation
polar covalent bonds
mitochondria
36. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)
bound ribosomes
chromatin
feedback inhibition
tight junctions
37. The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out in the available space it is driven by intrinsic kinetic energy (thermal motion or heat) of molecules
meiosis
diffusion
haploid cells
codominance
38. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.
receptor mediated endocytosis
Cell-cell recognition
alcohol fermentation
F1 generation
39. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.
isotonic
genotype
grana
G2 phase
40. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
exons
phagocytosis
centromere
bundle sheath cell
41. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.
frameshift mutation
domains
translation
asexual reproduction
42. The form of native DNA - referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
frameshift mutation
extracellular matrix
action spectrum
double helix
43. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this
phagocytosis
adhesion
facilitated diffusion
Cell-cell recognition
44. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
primer
mitotoic phase
aldehyde
compound
45. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.
complete dominance
isotonic
starch
chlorophyll A
46. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote
genotype
oxidizing agent
gametes
denaturation
47. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.
DNA
electrochemical gradient
viral envelope
phagocytosis
48. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.
central vacuole
beta (B) pleated sheet
nucleic acid
transformation
49. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons
trait
diffusion
covalent bonds
monosomic
50. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair
electronegativity
sister chromatids
point mutation
chromosomes