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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
stroma
promoter
absorption spectrum
ATP
2. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.
cohesion
wild type
NADP+
monomer
3. An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells - continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.
reaction center
active site
pH
endoplasmic reticulum
4. The ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another is crucial to the functioning of an organism carbohydrates are important for this
active site
Cell-cell recognition
isomers
NaD+
5. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.
microtubules
temperature
cell cycle
hydrolysis
6. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.
monomer
RNA
fluid mosaic model
carotenoids
7. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.
ribosomes
solution
transfer RNA
insertion
8. The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.
cyclic electron flow
functions of the proteins
tetrad
Oxidative Phosphorylation
9. A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.
endocytosis
action spectrum
gated channels
coenzyme
10. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
faculative anaerobes
gated channels
viral envelope
cell plate
11. An iron-containing protein - a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts
Cytochrome
origins replication
cell fractionation
sexual reproduction
12. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec
reaction center
ATP
intermediate filaments
phospholipids
13. The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
genetics
steroids
element
stroma
14. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual
faculative anaerobes
centrosomes
hybridization
sex chromosomes
15. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.
proton
cristae (plural - cristae)
substrate
glycoproteins
16. A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.
duchenne muscular dystropy
transport proteins
codominance
allosteric site
17. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.
ribosomal RNA
ATP
passive transport
electrochemical gradient
18. An individual with the normal phenotype.
transcription unit
smooth ER
wild type
metastasis
19. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.
trisomic
point mutation
chromatin
F2 generation
20. ATP can power active transport by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the transport protein. This may induce a conformation change in the transport proteins translocating the solute across the membrane
amniocentesis
sexual reproduction
reducing agent
ATP
21. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
wavelength
cellulose
point mutation
organelles
22. A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy
exergonic reaction
plasma membrane
F2 generation
ribosomes
23. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin
lysosomes
photophosphorylation
nucleus
benign tumor
24. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.
primer
nucleic acid
origins replication
pleiotropy
25. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids
acid
genome
translation
hypertonic
26. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle
feedback inhibition
cell cycle control system
anion
phagocytosis
27. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
base pair substitution
DNA
stroma
krebs Cycle
28. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits.
actin
hydrogen bond
ribosomes
carbohydrates
29. A two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organims that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells
Cell-cell recognition
NaD+
RNA polymerase
meiosis
30. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.
ATP
aldehyde
photosystem I
cytoskeleton
31. Gene carrying structure found in nucleus- consists of 1 very long DNA molecules and associated proteins
prophase
chromosomes
microtubules
aldehyde
32. A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site - changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
noncompetitive inhibitor
heterotrophs
gametophyte
ribosomes
33. Voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside
carbonyl groups
membrane potential
base pair substitution
heat
34. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases
fertilization
density dependent inhibitor
hydrocarbons
cyclic electron flow
35. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.
wild type
carbonyl groups
autotrophs
meiosis
36. Centralized region that joins the two sister chromatids
homozygous
cation
centromere
cofactor
37. Actin (tension bearing elements ) muscle contraction
sporophyte
carboxyl group
microfilaments
passive transport
38. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.
diploid cells
viral envelope
tumor
bound ribosomes
39. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material
purines
chromatin
transcription
autotrophs
40. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts
chromatin
trace elements
oxidizing agent
acid
41. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
F1 generation
concentration gradient
anticodon
synapsis
42. The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
wild type
isotonic
trans face
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
43. A threadlike - gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
electrogenic pump
proton motive force
plastids
chromosomes
44. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis
mitotoic phase
punnett square
valence electrons
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
45. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
hypertonic
catalyst
aqueous solution
reducing agent
46. A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.
nuclear envelope
amniocentesis
mismatch repair
transfer RNA
47. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
lagging strand
amino acid
gated channels
denaturation
48. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).
frameshift mutation
carbohydrates
duchenne muscular dystropy
autotrophs
49. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.
facilitated diffusion
parental types
induced fit
fertilization
50. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
lysosomes
cell cycle control system
ATP synthase
haploid cells
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