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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






2. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






3. A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.






4. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.






5. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






6. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage.






7. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






8. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast - used to convert light energy to chemical energy.






9. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






10. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






11. A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) - one set inherited from each parent.






12. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






13. Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio






14. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






15. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.






16. Cytokenisis process; pinching of the plasma membrane; the succession of rapid cell division without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cell






17. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis






18. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






19. A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.






20. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






21. An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.






22. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.






23. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






24. A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue - caused by the uncontrolled growth of a transformed cell






25. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






26. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.






27. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






28. A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion - formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.






29. Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients; requires the cell to expend metabolic energy; enables a cell to maintain its internal concentrations of small molecules that would otherwise diffuse across he membrane ; ATP supplies the energy for






30. Having two identical alleles for a given trait.






31. The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.






32. Containing oxygen; referring to an organism - environment - or cellular process that requires oxygen.






33. The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds






34. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






35. The distance between crests of waves - such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.






36. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






37. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






38. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






39. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






40. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






41. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






42. Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance






43. Organization of DNA and proteins into fibrous material






44. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






45. One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural - geometric and enantiomers.






46. A heritable feature.






47. The electrons in the outermost electron shell






48. A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number - size - and type.






49. The generation of ATP by cyclic electron flow.






50. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.







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