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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






2. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA - in some viruses).






3. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).






4. Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.






5. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.






6. Attached to outside of ER or nuclear envelope- proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes or packaging certain organelles (ex: lysosome)






7. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






8. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






9. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






10. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






11. The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells - serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration






12. Reproduction of cells






13. A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP - NADPH - and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.






14. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






15. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






16. One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth - or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.






17. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






18. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






19. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






20. Differences between members of the same species.






21. A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.






22. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






23. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






24. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






25. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






26. A noncoding - intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.






27. A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.






28. Nuclear division process; prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophse






29. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron - and joining the two adjacent exons.






30. A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism






31. The diffusion gradient of an ion - representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.






32. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






33. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






34. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.






35. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






36. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells






37. Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles - formation of nuclear lamina






38. Dissolving agent of a solution






39. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.






40. Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome






41. A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.






42. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






43. A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.






44. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






45. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






46. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






47. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP - or ribulose bisphosphate).






48. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






49. An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that consumes ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and - in the process - generates a membrane potential






50. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form