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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.
organelles
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
mismatch repair
endoplasmic reticulum
2. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote
polar covalent bonds
beta oxidation
gametes
density dependent inhibitor
3. The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells after mitosis
isomers
voltage
cytokenisis
hydroxyl groups
4. The mating - or crossing - of two varieties.
chromosome theory of inheritance
ribosomal RNA
hybridization
carbonyl groups
5. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.
pH
ECM function in support - adhesion - movement - and regulation (glycoproteins)
RNA polymerase
centrosomes
6. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.
transformation
carbonyl groups
true breeding
chlorophyll A
7. A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
chromosomes
action spectrum
quantitive characters
buffers
8. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.
fermentation
1st law of thermodynamics
disaccharides
transcription unit
9. That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye - ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.
visible light
glycogen
chromatin
peroxisome
10. An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.
structural isomers
polygenic inheritance
receptor mediated endocytosis
point mutation
11. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.
photon
pleiotropy
specific heat
central vacuole
12. One of several atomic forms of an element each containing different number of neutrons and different in atomic mass
hypertonic
carbonyl groups
voltage
isotopes
13. (1) An atom's central core - containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.
enantiomers
nucleus
glycoproteins
codominance
14. The chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in a photosystem; they trigger the light reactions of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll donates an electron - excited by light energy - to the primary electron acceptor - which passes an elec
stroma
oxidation
beta oxidation
reaction center
15. Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids
translation
hydrocarbons
geometric isomers
fat
16. Any factor that has a greater impact on a population as the population increases
peptide bond
density dependent inhibitor
proton pump
RNA processing
17. An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atom; the bonded atoms gain compounds outer electron shells
benign tumor
chemical bonds
ligands
primer
18. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
G0 phase
diffusion
metaphase
acid
19. Are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead - the are loosely bound to the surface of the protein - often connected to integral proteins
buffers
prokaryotic cell
carbohydrates
Peripheral proteins
20. The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins
DNA
nuclease
facilitated diffusion
smooth ER
21. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.
complete dominance
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
transfer RNA
feedback inhibition
22. A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.
oxidizing agent
solution
triplet code
collagen
23. The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.
peripheral proteins
reduction
exergonic reaction
gated channels
24. Replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and separated during mitosis and meiosis II
missense mutations
exocytosis
sister chromatids
exergonic reaction
25. A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (—SH).
ATP synthase
cytoplasm
sulfhydryl group
organic chemistry
26. A subatomic particle with single positive charge found in nucleus of an atom
activation energy
proton
passive transport
rough ER
27. The production of ATP by noncyclic electron flow.
ribosomes
noncyclic phosphorylation
rubisco Ribulose carboxylase
extracellular matrix
28. Charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features.
aerobic
cytological maps
reaction center
cytoskeleton
29. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and - through the actions of proteins - for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.
fertilization
aerobic
fermentation
nucleic acid
30. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings
hybridization
law of segregration
endergonic reaction
electrochemical gradient
31. A characteristic
chiasmata
chromatin
phagocytosis
trait
32. An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.
ultra centrifuges
crossing over
spectrophotometer
aerobic
33. One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.
purines
mitotoic phase
NADP+
primer
34. Proteins that facilitate the amount of diffusion)A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).
proton motive force
NADP+
aquaporins(water channel)
chromatin
35. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body
triplet code
deletion
redox reactions
smooth ER
36. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.
dehydration reaction
domains
interphase
P. generation
37. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th
smooth ER
concentration gradient
bundle sheath cell
pinocytosis
38. A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA.
beta oxidation
haploid cells
chloroplasts
exons
39. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.
transformation
structural isomers
DNA ligase
autotrophs
40. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen
ultra centrifuges
wavelength
steroids
cotransport
41. A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule - usually water; also called dehydration reaction.
character
condensation reaction
punnett square
neutron
42. An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
freeze-fracture
faculative anaerobes
nucleolus
collagen
43. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.
photon
peripheral proteins
thermodynamics
active transport
44. Smallest unit of matter that retains property of an element
transcription unit
double helix
atom
hydrophilic
45. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane
anaerobic
Cytochrome
passive transport
linked genes
46. A paired set of homologous chromosomes - each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.
beta (B) pleated sheet
phagocytosis
concentration gradient
tetrad
47. Use info - from the DNA to make proteins and carry out protein synthesis
metaphase
plastids
malignant tumor
ribosomes
48. An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.
law of segregration
NADP+
mitochondria
energy coupling
49. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.
phospholipids
compound
disaccharides
proton
50. Organizing the structures and activities of cells
cytoskeleton
exocytosis
mutagens
character