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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cell engulfs a particle by extending psedopodia around it and packaging it in a large vacuole






2. An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.






3. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






4. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






5. The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.






6. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






7. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






8. A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.






9. A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.






10. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






11. A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules - usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides - proteins - and nucleic acids are macromolecules.






12. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






13. (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage - a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb - to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See a






14. A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent in another bond






15. The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.






16. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules - which make up two subunits






17. The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.






18. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






19. Golgi apparatus--> gives rise to vesicles which pinch off and travel to other sites






20. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






21. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.






22. A network of microtubules - microfilaments - and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical and transport functions.






23. A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited






24. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.






25. A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail.






26. The entire contents of the cell - exclusive of the nucleus - and bounded by the plasma membrane.






27. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






28. A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds - the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.






29. A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.






30. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






31. A heritable feature.






32. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.






33. A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.






34. A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.






35. The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.






36. The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate - induced by entry of the substrate.






37. A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen - producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.






38. A quantum - or discrete amount - of light energy.






39. A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome - instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome.






40. A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.






41. One of several formed bodies with specialized functions - suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






42. A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.






43. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






44. Differences between members of the same species.






45. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






46. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






47. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






48. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.






49. A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair






50. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form







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