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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






2. One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual






3. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer - often completely spanning the membrane (as transmembrane proteins).






4. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






5. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






6. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction






7. Fourth subphase of mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell






8. (1) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. See first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is taken up by a cell and functions there.






9. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






10. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






11. A protein covalently attached to a carbohydrate.






12. Total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form






13. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






14. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






15. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






16. One of a family of closely related plant organelles - including chloroplasts - chromoplasts - and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).






17. A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution






18. Genes that are located on the same chromosome.






19. The physical and physiological traits of an organism.






20. A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.






21. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.






22. A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form - the sporophyte - and a multicellular haploid form - the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.






23. Rain - snow - or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.






24. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides - formed by dehydration reactions.






25. Special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane an example is the Na+-K+ pump restores the electrochemical gradient not only by the active transport of Na+ and K+ setting up a concentration gradien but because it pumps






26. The second subphase of mitosis - in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear - the nuclear envelope fragments - and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.






27. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






28. An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.






29. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






30. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






31. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






32. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






33. Offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.






34. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






35. The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.






36. A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.






37. Any cell in multicellular organism except an egg or sperm






38. In comparing two solutions - referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.






39. One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.






40. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.






41. A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.






42. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






43. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.






44. The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.






45. An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.






46. A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between two genetic markers - the farther apart they are assumed to be. See also geneti






47. A non dividing face of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins






48. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea - Bacteria - and Eukarya.






49. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts






50. The simplest carbohydrate - active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars - the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.