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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






2. A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.






3. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






4. A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.






5. A single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movemen






6. Unit - a region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule






7. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify - store - and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.






8. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






9. A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen - resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of






10. 1. Transport of specific solutes into or out of cells. 2. Enzymatic activity - sometimes catalyzing one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway 3. Signal transduction - relaying hormonal messages to the cell. 4. Cell-cell recognition - allowing o






11. A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.






12. The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.






13. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






14. The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.






15. Reproduction of cells






16. A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).






17. A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).






18. A cyclically operating set of molecultes in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle






19. The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier - thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.






20. The passive transport of water; diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the direction of osmosis is determined only by a difference in total solute concentration ; the kind of solutes in the solution do not matter






21. The most common type of mutation - a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.






22. An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.






23. A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.






24. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






25. The reactant on which an enzyme works






26. An accident of meiosis or mitosis - in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.






27. A structural polysaccharide of cell walls - consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1 - 4-glycosidic linkages.






28. A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin






29. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) - cytosine (C) - guanine (G) - and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruse






30. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






31. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






32. The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH - evolving oxygen in the process.






33. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






34. The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of 'language' from nucleotides to amino acids






35. That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.






36. An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minimum amounts






37. Sex cells (haploid cells; egg or sperm) unite to form a diploid zygote






38. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.






39. An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.






40. An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically - reattachment of a chromosomal fragment to the chromosome from which the fragment originated - but in a reverse orientation.






41. Having aversion to water tend to coalesce and form droplets of water






42. The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because it require no energy from the cell to make it happen - the concentration gradient represents potential energy and drives fusion






43. A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.






44. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.






45. A type of endocytosis involving large - particulate substances.






46. An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function in important metabolic reactions.






47. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






48. Span the membrane 1. channel proteins which have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane (aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through the membrane) 2. carrier proteins bind to molecules and






49. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






50. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins - forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons.