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AP Biology

Subjects : science, ap, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The attraction between different kinds of molecules






2. Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells - important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.






3. The covalent bond between two amino acid units - formed by a dehydration reaction






4. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.






5. A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen - releases carbon dioxide - generates no ATP - and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot - dry - bright days - when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of car






6. Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets Intermediate filaments reinforce this






7. A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.






8. A regularity protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically






9. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area -->substances tend to move form where there are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated






10. A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product - such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.






11. A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties






12. A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees reflecting molecules average kinetic energy






13. Cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs






14. A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.






15. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells - bacteria - fungi - and some protists. In plant cells - the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible






16. Sites of cellular respiration the catbolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars - fats + other fuels w/ oxygens help






17. A double sugar - consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.






18. Sequence of events in the life of a cell - from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two composed of M - G1 - S - and G2 phases






19. The amount of heat that must be absorbed lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree






20. A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells - representing an inactivated X chromosome.






21. An ion with a positive charge produced by the loss of one or more electrons






22. A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.






23. An individual with the normal phenotype.






24. In plants bacteria and fungi it is the major electrogenic pump actively transporting H+ out of the cell






25. An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






26. The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.






27. A gene located on a sex chromosome.






28. In comparing two solutions - the one with a lower solute concentration.






29. A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.






30. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing -exists as a mass of very long - thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.






31. An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists - the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where th






32. A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings






33. A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.






34. First growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase - after DNA synthesis occurs






35. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.






36. A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.






37. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons - which are expressed - are separated from each other by introns.






38. The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).






39. The first subphase of mitosis in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleolus and nucleus are still in intact






40. Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokenisis






41. A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.






42. A chemical process that lyses - or splits - molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.






43. A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate - distinguishable ways






44. A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.






45. Splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. When a freeze-fracture preparation is viewed with an electron microscope - protein particles are interspersed in a smooth matrix - supporting the fluid mosaic model.






46. Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells






47. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






48. A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.






49. A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).






50. The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed - but it cannot be created or destroyed.