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AP Environmental Science
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Subjects
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science
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The A layer of soil is often referred to as topsoil and is most important for plant growth.
market permits
water-stressed
total fertility rate
topsoil
2. A fishing technique in which the ocean floor is literally scraped by heavy nets that smash everything in their path.
total fertility rate
tropospheric ozone
bottom trawling
Infection
3. Radioactive wastes that produce high levels of ionizing radiation.
tertiary consumers
high-level radioactive waste
logistic population growth
water-stressed
4. A specific location from which pollution is released; an example of a point source location is a factory where wood is being burned.
by-catch
First Law of Thermodynamics
point source pollution
stationary sources
5. The condition in which - at ecosystem boundaries - there is greater species diversity and biological density than there is in the heart of ecological communities.
edge effect
rain shadow
food web
inner core
6. The process in which plants absorb ammonium (NH3) - ammonia ions (NH4+) - and nitrate ions (NO3) through their roots.
primary pollutants
climax community
abiotic
assimilation
7. The atmospheric pressure conditions corresponding to the periodic warming of El Nino and cooling of La Nina.
natural selection
Southern Oscillation
O layer
renewable resources
8. A basic substance; chemically - a substance that absorbs hydrogen ions or releases hydroxyl ions; in reference to natural water - a measure of the base content of the water.
atmosphere
alkaline
predation
disease
9. Soil composed of a mixture of sand - clay - silt - and organic matter.
convergent boundary
loamy
biosphere
riparian right
10. The rocks and Earth that is removed when mining for a commercially valuable mineral resource.
overburden
chemical weathering
Aquaculture
evolution
11. Graphical representations of populations' ages.
age-structure pyramids
tertiary consumers
overburden
wind farm
12. A process in which cold - often nutrient-rich - waters from the ocean depths rise to the surface.
upwelling
topsoil
drip irrigation
realized niche
13. The result of a pathogen invading a body.
Infection
preservation
kinetic energy
watershed
14. The management or regulation of a resource so that its use does not exceed the capacity of the resource to regenerate itself.
barrels
sick building syndrome
conservation
preservation
15. A process that allows the organic material in solid waste to be decomposed and reintroduced into the soil - often as fertilizer.
composting
law of conservation of matter
solid waste
overburden
16. An erosion-resistant marine ridge or mound consisting chiefly of compacted coral together with algal material and biochemically deposited magnesium and calcium carbonates.
selective cutting
invasive species
Second Law of Thermodynamics
coral reef
17. Any weathering that's caused by the activities of living organisms.
biological weathering
second growth forests
water-scarce
First Law of Thermodynamics
18. Says that the entropy (disorder) of the universe is increasing. One corollary of the Second Law of thermodynamics is the concept that - in most energy transformations - a significant fraction of energy is lost to the universe as heat.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
second growth forests
death rate (crude death rate)
chronic effect
19. The process of fusing two nuclei.
nuclear fusion
scrubbers
earthquake
thermosphere
20. Organisms that consume both producers and primary consumers.
A layer
jet stream
transform boundary
omnivores
21. Acid rain - acid hail - acid snow; all of which occur as a result of pollution in the atmosphere.
crude oil
thermocline
acid precipitation
Superfund Program
22. The outer part of the Earth - consisting of the crust and upper mantle - approximately 100 km (62 miles) thick.
market permits
greenhouse effect
lithosphere
biosphere
23. The capacity to do work.
monoculture
Green Revolution
prior appropriation
energy
24. The dosage level of a toxin at which a negative effect occurs.
weathering
threshold dose
subduction zone
Half-life
25. When ecological succession begins in a virtually lifeless area - such as the area behind a moving glacier.
community
primary succession
solid waste
extinction
26. An opening in the Earth's crust through which molten lava - ash - and gases are ejected.
point source pollution
volcanoes
water-scarce
ED50
27. Calculating risk - or the degree of likelihood that a person will become ill upon exposure to a toxin or pathogen.
risk assessment
trade winds
Southern Oscillation
evaporation
28. Non-moving sources of pollution - such as factories.
stationary sources
overburden
sick building syndrome
volcanoes
29. An organism that is capable of converting radiant energy or chemical energy into carbohydrates.
producer
coral reef
biological weathering
Green Revolution
30. An animal that only consumes other animals.
carnivore
tree farms
Aquaculture
La Nina
31. Smog resulting from emissions from industry and other sources of gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels - especially coal.
agroforestry
gray smog (industrial smog)
asthenosphere
abiotic
32. The removal of select trees in an area; this leaves the majority of the habitat in place and has less of an impact on the ecosystem.
autotroph
primary consumers
vector
selective cutting
33. The fraction of solar energy that is reflected back into space.
albedo
pathogens
mineral deposit
strip mining
34. The place where two plates abut each other.
emigration
slash-and-burn
fault
keystone species
35. Any water that has been used by humans. This includes human sewage - water drained from showers - tubs - sinks - dishwashers - washing machines - water from industrial processes - and storm water runoff.
wastewater
primary pollutants
law of conservation of matter
parasitism
36. An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.
hazardous waste
overgrazed
autotroph
Coriolis effect
37. Power generated using water.
tropical storm
hydroelectric power
wetlands
mineral deposit
38. When companies are allowed to buy permits that allow them a certain amount of discharge of substances into certain environmental outlets. If they can reduce their amount of discharge - they are allowed to sell the remaining portion of their permit to
poison
market permits
consumption
overgrazed
39. The uppermost horizon of soil. It is primarily made up of organic material - including waste from organisms - the bodies of decomposing organisms - and live organisms.
slash-and-burn
O layer
demographic transition model
tailings
40. The third purest form of coal.
weather
subbituminous
wetlands
biosphere
41. The process of burning.
competitive exclusion
Coriolis effect
combustion
niche
42. The result of vibrations (often due to plate movements) deep in the Earth that release energy. They often occur as two plates slide past one another at a transform boundary.
arable
scrubbers
bituminous
earthquake
43. Devices containing alkaline substances that precipitate out much of the sulfur dioxide from industrial plants.
Hubbert peak (peak oil)
mantle
chronic effect
scrubbers
44. The vertical movement of a mass of matter due to heating and cooling; this can happen in both the atmosphere and Earth's mantle.
producer
closed-loop recycling
convection
decomposer
45. Any noise that causes stress or has the potential to damage human health.
convergent boundary
age-structure pyramids
clear-cutting
noise pollution
46. A climate variation that takes place in the tropical Pacific about every three to seven years - for a duration of about one year.
El Nino
atmosphere
Hadley cell
age-structure pyramids
47. The area or environment where an organism or ecological community normally lives or occurs.
habitat
Hubbert peak (peak oil)
community
primary pollutants
48. An influential theory that concerns the long-term rate of conventional oil (and other fossil fuel) extraction and depletion. It predicts that future world oil production will soon reach a peak and then rapidly decline.
O layer
population density
clear-cutting
Hubbert peak (peak oil)
49. When physically treated sewage water is passed into a settling tank - where suspended solids settle out as sludge; chemically treated polymers may be added to help the suspended solids separate and settle out.
convection currents
primary treatment
secondary pollutants
wind farm
50. The maintenance of a species or ecosystem in order to ensure their perpetuation - with no concern as to their potential monetary value
transform boundary
preservation
omnivores
evolution
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