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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Environmental Science
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A usually triangular alluvial deposit at the mouth of a river.
drip irrigation
Green Revolution
conservation
delta
2. The low-rainfall region that exists on the leeward (downwind) side of a mountain range. This rain shadow is the result of the mountain range's causing precipitation on the windward side.
rain shadow
B layer
radiant energy
non-point source pollution
3. The removal of select trees in an area; this leaves the majority of the habitat in place and has less of an impact on the ecosystem.
selective cutting
risk assessment
LD50
consumption
4. An effect that results from long -term exposure to low levels of toxin.
hurricane (typhoon - cyclone)
chronic effect
silviculture
rain shadow
5. The second-purest form of coal.
respiration
crude oil
demographic transition model
bituminous
6. A soil horizon; B receives the minerals and organic materials that are leached out of the A horizon.
convection currents
B layer
upwelling
fault
7. Says that the entropy (disorder) of the universe is increasing. One corollary of the Second Law of thermodynamics is the concept that - in most energy transformations - a significant fraction of energy is lost to the universe as heat.
ecosystem capital
old growth forest
silviculture
Second Law of Thermodynamics
8. Involves the sinking of shafts to reach underground deposits. In this type of mining - networks of tunnels are dug or blasted and humans enter these tunnels in order to manually retrieve the coal.
demographic transition model
convection currents
physical treatmen
underground mining
9. A model that's used to predict population trends based on the birth and death rates as well as economic status of a population.
demographic transition model
primary treatment
logistic population growth
dose-response analysis
10. A layer in a large body of water - such as a lake - that sharply separates regions differing in temperature - so that the temperature gradient across the layer is abrupt.
catalytic converter
community
plate boundaries
thermocline
11. The amount of energy that plants pass on to the community of herbivores in an ecosystem.
passive solar energy collection
First Law of Thermodynamics
death rate (crude death rate)
net Primary Productivity (NPP)
12. Pollution that does not have a specific point of release - open -loop recycling -when materials are reused to form new products.
consumption
convection
contour farming
non-point source pollution
13. The amount of time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to disappear.
fishery
intercropping (also called strip cropping)
Half-life
by-catch
14. The capacity to do work.
energy
genetic drift
secondary treatment
renewable resources
15. Any waste that poses a danger to human health; it must be dealt with in a different way from other types of waste.
hazardous waste
slash-and-burn
Infection
age-structure pyramids
16. A program funded by the federal government and a trust that's funded by taxes on chemicals; identifies pollutants and cleans up hazardous waste sites.
Superfund Program
green tax
closed-loop recycling
nonrenewable resources
17. When the majority of a building's occupants experience certain symptoms that vary with the amount of time spent in the building.
demographic transition model
replacement birth rate
sick building syndrome
earthquake
18. Any compound that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Also - a water solution that contains a surplus of hydrogen ions.
fly ash
keystone species
acid
edge effect
19. Soil composed of a mixture of sand - clay - silt - and organic matter.
parasitism
land degradation
loamy
Immigration
20. Formed from populations of different species occupying the same geographic area.
transpiration
carrying capacity
community
jet stream
21. The accumulation of a substance - such as a toxic chemical - in various tissues of a living organism.
convection currents
bioaccumulation
second growth forests
global warming
22. The more or less constant winds blowing in horizontal directions over the Earth's surface - as part of Hadley cells.
birth rate (crude birth rate)
convection currents
delta
trade winds
23. Air currents caused by the vertical movement of air due to atmospheric heating and cooling.
heat islands
convection currents
fishery
composting
24. A waste product produced by the burning of coal.
building-related illness
fly ash
invasive species
industrial smog (gray smog)
25. An animal that only consumes other animals.
edge effect
extinction
carnivore
community
26. A process in which cold - often nutrient-rich - waters from the ocean depths rise to the surface.
Uneven-aged management
age-structure pyramids
decomposer
upwelling
27. Countries that have a renewable annual water supply of less than 1 -000 m3 per person.
First Law of Thermodynamics
water-scarce
pioneer species
evaporation
28. An estimate of the amount of fossil fuel that can be obtained from reserve.
proven reserve
tertiary consumers
El Nino
keystone species
29. An influential theory that concerns the long - term rate of conventional oil (and other fossil fuel) extraction and depletion. It predicts that future world oil production will soon reach a peak and then rapidly decline.
peak oil (Hubbert peak)
First Law of Thermodynamics
overgrazed
Headwaters
30. The biological treatment of wastewater in order to continue to remove biodegradable waste.
secondary treatment
water-stressed
red tide
radiant energy
31. The cultivation of a single crop on a farm or in a region or country; a single - homogeneous culture without diversity or dissension.
monoculture
capture fisheries
nitrification
scrubbers
32. When a species occupies a smaller niche than it would in the absence of competition.
dose-response curve
primary consumers
primary succession
realized niche
33. A process in which an organism is exposed to a toxin at different concentrations - and the dosage that causes the death of the organism is recorded.
denitrification
genetic drift
fishery
dose-response analysis
34. An introduced - normative species.
invasive species
habitat fragmentation
thermocline
chronic effect
35. Says that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transferred and transformed.
First Law of Thermodynamics
photosynthesis
jet stream
nitrogen fixation
36. The cleanest-burning coal; almost pure carbon.
monoculture
composting
anthracite
erosion
37. The movement of individuals into a population.
Immigration
water-scarce
lignite
second growth forests
38. An organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition.
toxin
industrial smog (gray smog)
heterotrophy
carrying capacity
39. Fires that typically burn only the forest's underbrush and do little damage to mature trees. Surface fires actually serve to protect the forest from more harmful fires by removing underbrush and dead materials that would burn quickly and at high temp
physical (mechanical) weathering
biomagnifications
disease
surface fires
40. The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into compounds - such as ammonia - by natural agencies or various industrial processes.
sand
respiration
nitrogen fixation
habitat fragmentation
41. The result of a pathogen invading a body.
Infection
photovoltaic cell (PV cell)
Green Revolution
weather
42. When photochemical smog - NOx compounds - VOCs - and ozone combine to form smog with a brownish hue.
renewable resources
poison
wind farm
photochemical smog
43. The observed effect of the Coriolis force - especially the deflection of an object moving above the Earth - rightward in the Northern Hemisphere - and leftward in the Southern Hemisphere.
subbituminous
Coriolis effect
Headwaters
birth rate (crude birth rate)
44. When materials - such as plastic or aluminum - are used to rebuild the same product. An example of this is the use of the aluminum from aluminum cans to produce more aluminum cans.
lignite
silviculture
lithosphere
closed-loop recycling
45. The process by which - according to Darwin's theory of evolution - only the organisms best adapted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characteristics in increasing numbers to succeeding generations - while those less adap
natural selection
consumer
pioneer species
primary treatment
46. The management or regulation of a resource so that its use does not exceed the capacity of the resource to regenerate itself.
primary pollutants
contour farming
conservation
slash-and-burn
47. A process in which rows of crops are plowed across the hillside; this prevents the erosion that can occur when rows are cut up and down on a slope. ...
energy pyramid
abiotic
contour farming
combustion
48. The carrier organism through which pathogens can attack.
producer
fault
vector
acid precipitation
49. The thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica (and to some extent - over the Arctic).
jet stream
First Law of Thermodynamics
ozone holes
weathering
50. The part of the mantle that lies just below the lithosphere.
photochemical smog
asthenosphere
plate boundaries
inner core