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AP Environmental Science
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science
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ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process that occurs when two different species in a region compete and the better adapted species wins.
acute effect
Superfund Program
hydroelectric power
competitive exclusion
2. The point at which 50 percent of the test organisms die from a toxin.
logistic population growth
greenbelt
LD50
bituminous
3. An area in which a particular mineral is concentrated - mining -the excavation of the Earth for the purpose of extracting ore or minerals.
mineral deposit
anthracite
water-stressed
gray smog (industrial smog)
4. Radioactive wastes that produce high levels of ionizing radiation.
malnutrition
tailings
trophic level
high-level radioactive waste
5. The process in which soil bacteria convert ammonium (NH4+) to a form that can be used by plants; nitrate - or NO3.
food chain
El Nino
Coriolis effect
nitrification
6. The number of individuals of a population that inhabit a certain unit of land or water area.
Southern Oscillation
chronic effect
deforestation
population density
7. The edges of tectonic plates.
toxin
aquifer
plate boundaries
silviculture
8. The development and introduction of new varieties of (mainly) wheat and rice that has increased yields per acre dramatically in countries since the 1960s.
fossil fuel
contour farming
Green Revolution
greenbelt
9. When the majority of a building's occupants experience certain symptoms that vary with the amount of time spent in the building.
overgrazed
selective cutting
leachate
sick building syndrome
10. Any waste that poses a danger to human health; it must be dealt with in a different way from other types of waste.
biomagnifications
hazardous waste
replacement birth rate
death rate (crude death rate)
11. When populations are well below the size dictated by the carrying capacity of the region they live in - they will grow exponentially - but as they approach the carrying capacity - their growth rate will decrease and the size of the population will ev
logistic population growth
Green Revolution
predation
bottom trawling
12. A region of the ocean near the equator - characterized by calms - light winds - or squalls.
doldrums
red tide
prior appropriation
riparian right
13. The outermost shell of the atmosphere - between the mesosphere and outer space - where temperatures increase steadily with altitude.
red tide
active collection
k-selected
thermosphere
14. A climate variation that takes place in the tropical Pacific about every three to seven years - for a duration of about one year.
population
evaporation
El Nino
hydroelectric power
15. The coarsest soil - with particles 0.05 -2.0 mm in diameter.
salinization
sand
conservation
secondary treatment
16. An opening in the Earth's crust through which molten lava - ash - and gases are ejected.
symbiotic relationships
red tide
volcanoes
indigenous species
17. States that matter can neither be created nor destroyed.
population density
Coriolis effect
law of conservation of matter
wastewater
18. A stable - mature community in a successive series that has reached equilibrium after having evolved through stages and adapted to its environment.
pathogens
climax community
Aquaculture
prior appropriation
19. The process in green plants and certain other organisms by which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using light as an energy source. Most forms of photosynthesis release oxygen as a byproduct.
riparian right
evaporation
crop rotation
photosynthesis
20. The practice of alternating the crops grown on a piece of land - for example - corn one year - legumes for two years - and then back to corn.
crop rotation
closed-loop recycling
delta
barrier island
21. The outer part of the Earth - consisting of the crust and upper mantle - approximately 100 km (62 miles) thick.
heterotrophy
lithosphere
bottom trawling
Green Revolution
22. The vertical movement of a mass of matter due to heating and cooling; this can happen in both the atmosphere and Earth's mantle.
old growth forest
convection
global warming
Superfund Program
23. Radioactive wastes that produce low levels of ionizing radiation.
threshold dose
low-level radioactive waste
catalytic converter
emigration
24. The amount of energy that plants pass on to the community of herbivores in an ecosystem.
Superfund Program
silviculture
net Primary Productivity (NPP)
natural selection
25. The condition in which - at ecosystem boundaries - there is greater species diversity and biological density than there is in the heart of ecological communities.
prior appropriation
edge effect
anthracite
Gross Primary Productivity
26. The structure obtained if we organize the amount of energy contained in producers and consumers in an ecosystem by kilocalories per square meter - from largest to smallest.
Infection
energy pyramid
water-scarce
bottom trawling
27. A soil horizon - horizon C is made up of larger pieces of rock that have not undergone much weathering.
catalytic converter
nitrogen fixation
poison
C layer
28. Any process that breaks rock down into smaller pieces without changing the chemistry of the rock; typically wind and water.
carrying capacity
mutualism
clay
physical (mechanical) weathering
29. Also known as transform faults - boundaries at which plates are moving past each other - sideways.
red tide
niche
transform boundary
surface fires
30. A group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area.
Coriolis effect
chemotroph (chemoautotroph)
composting
population
31. The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into compounds - such as ammonia - by natural agencies or various industrial processes.
nitrogen fixation
gray smog (industrial smog)
assimilation
arable
32. A species whose very presence contributes to an ecosystem's diversity and whose extinction would consequently lead to the extinction of other forms of life.
water-stressed
dose-response analysis
abiotic
keystone species
33. A layer of soil.
old growth forest
Horizon
scrubbers
deep well injection
34. Also known as plantations - these are planted and managed tracts of trees of the same age that are harvested for commercial use.
tree farms
agroforestry
food chain
risk assessment
35. Any weathering that's caused by the activities of living organisms.
deep well injection
edge effect
combustion
biological weathering
36. Open or forested areas built at the outer edge of a city.
traditional subsistence agriculture
parasitism
greenbelt
physical (mechanical) weathering
37. Countries that have a renewable annual water supply of about 1 -000 -2 -000 m3 per person.
water-stressed
evolution
A layer
heat islands
38. The removal of all of the trees in an area.
erosion
conservation
clear-cutting
trophic level
39. A severe tropical cyclone originating in the equatorial regions of the Atlantic Ocean or Caribbean Sea or eastern regions of the Pacific Ocean - traveling north - northwest - or northeast from its point of origin - and usually involving heavy rains.
hurricane (typhoon - cyclone)
primary consumers
Immigration
toxin
40. Says that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transferred and transformed.
First Law of Thermodynamics
shelter-wood cutting
genetic drift
climax community
41. The process of burning.
selective cutting
transform boundary
combustion
evaporation
42. Any noise that causes stress or has the potential to damage human health.
transform boundary
noise pollution
wastewater
global warming
43. An organism that is capable of converting radiant energy or chemical energy into carbohydrates.
trade winds
transform boundary
solid waste
producer
44. When soil becomes water-logged and then dries out - and salt forms a layer on its surface.
industrial smog (gray smog)
land degradation
k-selected
terracing
45. The area or environment where an organism or ecological community normally lives or occurs.
habitat
Headwaters
albedo
ozone holes
46. The unit used to describe the volume of fossil fuels.
fission
barrels
trade winds
biological weathering
47. The accumulation of a substance - such as a toxic chemical - in various tissues of a living organism.
transform boundary
Hadley cell
bioaccumulation
genetic drift
48. Any substance that has an LD50 - of 50 mg or less per kg of body weight.
old growth forest
poison
leachate
drip irrigation
49. The observed effect of the Coriolis force - especially the deflection of an object moving above the Earth - rightward in the Northern Hemisphere - and leftward in the Southern Hemisphere.
underground mining
species
Coriolis effect
riparian right
50. The solids that remain after the secondary treatment of sewage.
niche
energy
sludge
nuclear fusion
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