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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Environmental Science
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process in which animals (and plants!) breathe and give off carbon dioxide from cellular metabolism.
B layer
respiration
risk assessment
primary succession
2. When ecological succession begins in a virtually lifeless area - such as the area behind a moving glacier.
by-catch
bituminous
Southern Oscillation
primary succession
3. A method of supplying irrigation water through tubes that literally drip water onto the soil at the base of each plant.
tertiary consumers
drip irrigation
competitive exclusion
market permits
4. The movement of individuals into a population.
secondary pollutants
mutualism
Immigration
strip mining
5. The bedrock - which lies below all of the other layers of soil - is referred to as the R horizon.
R horizon
combustion
transpiration
Infection
6. Non-moving sources of pollution - such as factories.
greenbelt
greenhouse effect
prior appropriation
stationary sources
7. The biological treatment of wastewater in order to continue to remove biodegradable waste.
watershed
secondary treatment
tree farms
greenbelt
8. A specific location from which pollution is released; an example of a point source location is a factory where wood is being burned.
point source pollution
risk assessment
drip irrigation
malnutrition
9. The coarsest soil - with particles 0.05 -2.0 mm in diameter.
bituminous
acid precipitation
noise pollution
sand
10. Soil composed of a mixture of sand - clay - silt - and organic matter.
inner core
food web
omnivores
loamy
11. The fraction of solar energy that is reflected back into space.
natural resources
r-selected
albedo
habitat fragmentation
12. When physically treated sewage water is passed into a settling tank - where suspended solids settle out as sludge; chemically treated polymers may be added to help the suspended solids separate and settle out.
red tide
emigration
mantle
primary treatment
13. Radioactive wastes that produce low levels of ionizing radiation.
bottom trawling
low-level radioactive waste
pathogens
risk assessment
14. The liquid that percolates to the bottom of a landfill.
leachate
second growth forests
clay
heterotrophy
15. The part of the mantle that lies just below the lithosphere.
chemotroph (chemoautotroph)
Immigration
asthenosphere
nitrogen fixation
16. Each of the feeding levels in a food chain.
trophic level
Uneven-aged management
monoculture
doldrums
17. A climate variation that takes place in the tropical Pacific about every three to seven years - for a duration of about one year.
U.S. Noise Control Act
El Nino
edge effect
plate boundaries
18. When water rights are given to those who have historically used the water in a certain area.
pathogens
long lining
high-level radioactive waste
prior appropriation
19. The place where two plates abut each other.
fault
loamy
toxin
Horizon
20. An influential theory that concerns the long - term rate of conventional oil (and other fossil fuel) extraction and depletion. It predicts that future world oil production will soon reach a peak and then rapidly decline.
pioneer species
peak oil (Hubbert peak)
secondary pollutants
no-till
21. The industry or occupation devoted to the catching - processing - or selling of fish - shellfish - or other aquatic animals.
Hadley cell
deforestation
fishery
biological weathering
22. The part of the wide lower course of a river where its current is met by the tides.
abiotic
greenhouse effect
estuary
wetlands
23. The development and introduction of new varieties of (mainly) wheat and rice that has increased yields per acre dramatically in countries since the 1960s.
parasitism
Green Revolution
bioaccumulation
heterotrophy
24. The low-rainfall region that exists on the leeward (downwind) side of a mountain range. This rain shadow is the result of the mountain range's causing precipitation on the windward side.
plate boundaries
tailings
Hubbert peak (peak oil)
rain shadow
25. The process by which specialized bacteria (mostly anaerobic bacteria) convert ammonia to NOy NO2 - and N2 and release it back to the atmosphere.
primary treatment
sand
low-level radioactive waste
denitrification
26. Refers to resources - such as plants and animals - which can be regenerated if harvested at sustainable yields.
primary consumers
natural selection
upwelling
renewable resources
27. The process by which - according to Darwin's theory of evolution - only the organisms best adapted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characteristics in increasing numbers to succeeding generations - while those less adap
natural selection
reservoir
Waste-to-Energy (WTE) program
peak oil (Hubbert peak)
28. A layer in a large body of water - such as a lake - that sharply separates regions differing in temperature - so that the temperature gradient across the layer is abrupt.
climax community
photochemical smog
land degradation
thermocline
29. The day-to-day variations in temperature - air pressure - wind - humidity - and precipitation mediated by the atmosphere in a given region.
Uneven-aged management
heat islands
biotic
weather
30. A place where a large quantity of a resource sits for a long period of time.
poison
shelter-wood cutting
Superfund Program
reservoir
31. Resources that are often formed by very slow geologic processes - so we consider them incapable of being regenerated within the realm of human existence.
nonrenewable resources
predation
Waste-to-Energy (WTE) program
mineral deposit
32. Any noise that causes stress or has the potential to damage human health.
noise pollution
weathering
preservation
petroleum
33. Change in the genetic composition of a population during successive generations as a result of natural selection acting on the genetic variation among individuals and resulting in the development of new species.
keystone species
combustion
salinization
evolution
34. The energy of motion.
kinetic energy
population
land degradation
food web
35. The process that occurs when two different species in a region compete and the better adapted species wins.
dose-response curve
competitive exclusion
terracing
invasive species
36. The day-to-day use of environmental resources as food - clothing - and housing.
consumption
biotic
industrial smog (gray smog)
solid waste
37. When the signs and symptoms of an illness can be attributed to a specific infectious organism that resides in the building.
building-related illness
Superfund Program
watershed
deforestation
38. The water from which a river rises; a source.
radiant energy
C layer
Headwaters
shelter-wood cutting
39. When companies are allowed to buy permits that allow them a certain amount of discharge of substances into certain environmental outlets. If they can reduce their amount of discharge - they are allowed to sell the remaining portion of their permit to
transform boundary
threshold dose
market permits
dose-response curve
40. The least pure coal.
predation
lignite
second growth forests
clay
41. The use of building materials - building placement - and design to passively collect solar energy that can be used to keep a building warm or cool.
passive solar energy collection
omnivores
weathering
convection
42. Piles of gangue - which is the waste material that results from mining.
indigenous species
acid precipitation
tailings
symbiotic relationships
43. The number of children an average woman will bear during her lifetime; this information is based on an analysis of data from preceding years in the population in question.
total fertility rate
secondary pollutants
arable
by-catch
44. The structure obtained if we organize the amount of energy contained in producers and consumers in an ecosystem by kilocalories per square meter - from largest to smallest.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
primary pollutants
fishery
energy pyramid
45. Involves the removal of the Earth's surface all the way down to the level of the mineral seam.
dose-response curve
old growth forest
birth rate (crude birth rate)
strip mining
46. The condition in which - at ecosystem boundaries - there is greater species diversity and biological density than there is in the heart of ecological communities.
industrial smog (gray smog)
edge effect
potential energy
asthenosphere
47. Pollutants that are formed by the combination of primary pollutants in the atmosphere.
clear-cutting
secondary pollutants
terracing
Half-life
48. This category includes organisms that consume producers (plants and algae).
primary consumers
vector
solid waste
ecosystem capital
49. A soil horizon; B receives the minerals and organic materials that are leached out of the A horizon.
secondary treatment
B layer
producer
doldrums
50. The dosage level of a toxin at which a negative effect occurs.
delta
albedo
threshold dose
bottom trawling