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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Environmental Science
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The dosage level of a toxin at which a negative effect occurs.
threshold dose
thermocline
acid
preservation
2. Any compound that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Also - a water solution that contains a surplus of hydrogen ions.
albedo
greenbelt
acid
community
3. Organisms that derive energy from consuming nonliving organic matter.
renewable resources
upwelling
detritivore
Hadley cell
4. A method of supplying irrigation water through tubes that literally drip water onto the soil at the base of each plant.
Southern Oscillation
toxin
drip irrigation
selective cutting
5. A process in which cold - often nutrient-rich - waters from the ocean depths rise to the surface.
secondary pollutants
La Nina
upwelling
Superfund Program
6. A group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area.
niche
Gross Primary Productivity
subbituminous
population
7. The solids that remain after the secondary treatment of sewage.
O layer
abiotic
death rate (crude death rate)
sludge
8. The maintenance of a species or ecosystem in order to ensure their perpetuation - with no concern as to their potential monetary value
barrier island
preservation
drip irrigation
alkaline
9. In fishing - the use of long lines that have baited hooks and will be taken by numerous aquatic organisms.
hazardous waste
slash-and-burn
thermosphere
long lining
10. Fires that typically burn only the forest's underbrush and do little damage to mature trees. Surface fires actually serve to protect the forest from more harmful fires by removing underbrush and dead materials that would burn quickly and at high temp
surface fires
arable
underground mining
climax community
11. The cultivation of a single crop on a farm or in a region or country; a single - homogeneous culture without diversity or dissension.
monoculture
extinction
law of conservation of matter
Waste-to-Energy (WTE) program
12. Any noise that causes stress or has the potential to damage human health.
no-till
noise pollution
fault
fission
13. The process by which the concentration of toxic substances increases in each successive link in the food chain.
passive solar energy collection
plate boundaries
producer
biomagnifications
14. A usually triangular alluvial deposit at the mouth of a river.
delta
no-till
fishery
O layer
15. Says that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transferred and transformed.
Superfund Program
food chain
noise pollution
First Law of Thermodynamics
16. Refers to resources - such as plants and animals - which can be regenerated if harvested at sustainable yields.
traditional subsistence agriculture
Superfund Program
drip irrigation
renewable resources
17. The process of soil particles being carried away by wind or water. Erosion moves the smaller particles first and hence degrades the soil to a coarser - sandier - stonier texture.
fossil fuel
erosion
chemotroph (chemoautotroph)
respiration
18. The amount that the population would grow if there were unlimited resources in its environment.
biotic potential
genetic drift
upwelling
physical (mechanical) weathering
19. The low-rainfall region that exists on the leeward (downwind) side of a mountain range. This rain shadow is the result of the mountain range's causing precipitation on the windward side.
riparian right
rain shadow
vector
tertiary consumers
20. The movement of individuals out of a population.
gray smog (industrial smog)
nuclear fusion
reservoir
emigration
21. When trees and crops are planted together - creating a mutualistic symbiotic relationship between them.
risk assessment
Green Revolution
fossil fuel
agroforestry
22. The process in which soil becomes saltier and saltier until - finally - the salt prevents the growth of plants. Salinization is caused by irrigation because salts brought in with the water remain in the soil as water evaporates.
salinization
peak oil (Hubbert peak)
tertiary consumers
autotroph
23. Pollutants that are formed by the combination of primary pollutants in the atmosphere.
ED50
secondary pollutants
watershed
Headwaters
24. Calculating risk - or the degree of likelihood that a person will become ill upon exposure to a toxin or pathogen.
tropical storm
ozone holes
risk assessment
R horizon
25. Bacteria or fungi that absorb nutrients from nonliving organic matter like plant material - the wastes of living organisms - and corpses. They convert these materials into inorganic forms.
competitive exclusion
decomposer
acute effect
sludge
26. The raising of fish and other aquatic species in captivity for harvest.
community
coral reef
stationary sources
Aquaculture
27. The liquid that percolates to the bottom of a landfill.
nitrogen fixation
weather
solid waste
leachate
28. The layer of the Earth between the crust and the core.
Immigration
preservation
denitrification
mantle
29. The number of children an average woman will bear during her lifetime; this information is based on an analysis of data from preceding years in the population in question.
hazardous waste
total fertility rate
acid precipitation
crude oil
30. When companies are allowed to buy permits that allow them a certain amount of discharge of substances into certain environmental outlets. If they can reduce their amount of discharge - they are allowed to sell the remaining portion of their permit to
anthracite
dose-response analysis
risk assessment
market permits
31. The outer part of the Earth - consisting of the crust and upper mantle - approximately 100 km (62 miles) thick.
riparian right
fault
primary succession
lithosphere
32. A stable - mature community in a successive series that has reached equilibrium after having evolved through stages and adapted to its environment.
climax community
R horizon
asthenosphere
La Nina
33. Sunlight.
traditional subsistence agriculture
kinetic energy
parasitism
radiant energy
34. The carrier organism through which pathogens can attack.
wastewater
vector
k-selected
deforestation
35. When water rights are given to those who have historically used the water in a certain area.
prior appropriation
threshold dose
species
photochemical smog
36. A model that's used to predict population trends based on the birth and death rates as well as economic status of a population.
biomagnifications
renewable resources
demographic transition model
asthenosphere
37. In a sewage treatment plant - the initial filtration that is done to remove debris such as stones - sticks - rags - toys - and other objects that were flushed down the toilet.
Half-life
chemical weathering
physical treatmen
topsoil
38. Says that the entropy (disorder) of the universe is increasing. One corollary of the Second Law of thermodynamics is the concept that - in most energy transformations - a significant fraction of energy is lost to the universe as heat.
secondary consumers
symbiotic relationships
Second Law of Thermodynamics
malnutrition
39. Refers to when farmers plant seeds without using a plow to turn the soil.
no-till
genetic drift
loamy
subbituminous
40. An erosion-resistant marine ridge or mound consisting chiefly of compacted coral together with algal material and biochemically deposited magnesium and calcium carbonates.
coral reef
primary consumers
hazardous waste
estuary
41. An influential theory that concerns the long-term rate of conventional oil (and other fossil fuel) extraction and depletion. It predicts that future world oil production will soon reach a peak and then rapidly decline.
overgrazed
primary pollutants
underground mining
Hubbert peak (peak oil)
42. The observed effect of the Coriolis force - especially the deflection of an object moving above the Earth - rightward in the Northern Hemisphere - and leftward in the Southern Hemisphere.
Infection
secondary treatment
Coriolis effect
sand
43. Smog resulting from emissions from industry and other sources of gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels.
Hubbert peak (peak oil)
rain shadow
industrial smog (gray smog)
shelter-wood cutting
44. Involves the sinking of shafts to reach underground deposits. In this type of mining - networks of tunnels are dug or blasted and humans enter these tunnels in order to manually retrieve the coal.
riparian right
underground mining
bottom trawling
crude oil
45. Air currents caused by the vertical movement of air due to atmospheric heating and cooling.
convection currents
driftnets
Green Revolution
disease
46. A soil horizon - horizon C is made up of larger pieces of rock that have not undergone much weathering.
building-related illness
C layer
demographic transition model
carnivore
47. Change in the genetic composition of a population during successive generations as a result of natural selection acting on the genetic variation among individuals and resulting in the development of new species.
energy
renewable resources
topsoil
evolution
48. The thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica (and to some extent - over the Arctic).
biosphere
ozone holes
primary consumers
tree farms
49. The result of graphing a dose-response analysis.
terracing
dose-response curve
Second Law of Thermodynamics
malnutrition
50. The coarsest soil - with particles 0.05 -2.0 mm in diameter.
physical treatmen
inner core
sand
carnivore