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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Opportunity Cost
Complementary Goods
Inferior Goods
Price discrimination
2. A legal minimum price below which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent surplus
Income Effect
Price floor
Long Run
Resources
3. The additional benefit received from the consumption of the next unit of a good or service
Demand for Labor
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Comparative Advantage
Market power
4. Indirect - non-purchased - or opportunity costs of resources provided by the entrepreneur
Perfectly elastic
Implicit costs
Monopolistic competition
Price floor
5. The firm hires the profit maximizing amount of a resource at the point where MRP = MRC
Price Elasticity of Supply
Dead Weight Loss
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Law of Supply
6. The change in quantity demanded resulting from a change in the price of one good relative to other goods
Spillover costs
Consumer surplus
Substitution Effect
Economic Growth
7. Ei > 1
Luxury
Market Equilibrium
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Non-collusive oligopoly
8. Exists if a producer can produce more of a good than all other producers
Marginal tax rate
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Absolute Advantage
Demand for Labor
9. Production of the combination of goods and services that provides the most net benefit to society. The optimal quantity of a good is achieved when the MB = MC of the next unit and only occurs at one point on the PPF
Absolute Advantage
Price Ceiling
Long Run
Allocative Efficiency
10. AVC = TVC/Q
Diseconomies of Scale
Income Elasticity
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Marginal Benefit (MB)
11. Entry (or exit) of firms does not shift the cost curves of firms in the industry
Profit Maximizing Rule
Constant cost industry
Diseconomies of Scale
Long Run
12. TR = P * Qd
Total Revenue
Resources
Absolute Advantage
Break-even Point
13. Consumer income - prices of substitute and complementary goods - consumer tastes and preferences - consumer speculation - and number of buyers in the market all influence demand
Free-Rider Problem
Increasing Cost Industry
Determinants of Demand
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
14. Exists when the production of a good imposes disutility upon third parties not directly involved in the consumption or production of the good
Subsidy
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Negative externality
15. The lost net benefit to society caused by a movement away from the competitive market equilibrium
Price elastic demand
Variable inputs
Dead Weight Loss
Constrained Utility Maximization
16. For one good - constrained by prices and income - a consumer stops consuming a good when the price paid for the next unit is equal to the marginal benefit received
Substitute Goods
Marginal Productivity Theory
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Constrained Utility Maximization
17. Total revenue rises with a price increase if demand is price inelastic and falls with a price increase if demand is price elastic
Monopsonist
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Total Revenue Test
Price elasticity
18. The combination of labor and capital that minimizes total costs for a given production rate. Hire L and K so that MPL / PL = MPK / PK or MPL/MPK = PL/PK
Least-Cost Rule
Price Elasticity of Supply
Total Revenue
Producer surplus
19. The downward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC falls as plan size increases. This is the result of specialization - lower cost of inputs - or other efficiencies of larger scale.
Unit elastic demand
Economies of Scale
Perfectly inelastic
Dead Weight Loss
20. Pm > MR = MC - which is not allocatively efficient and dead weight loss exists. Pm > ATC - which is not productively efficient. Profit > 0 so consumer surplus is transferred to the monopolist as profit
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Least-Cost Rule
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
21. When firms focus their resources on production of goods for which they have comparative advantage
Constant Returns to Scale
Specialization
Perfectly elastic
Derived Demand
22. A very diverse market structure characterized by a small number of interdependent large firms - producing a standardized or differentiated product in a market with a barrier to entry
Constant cost industry
Income Effect
Oligopoly
Determinants of Supply
23. All firms maximize profit by producing where MR = MC
Demand for Labor
Monopoly
Price discrimination
Profit Maximizing Rule
24. Production inputs that the firm can adjust in the short run to meet changes in demand for their output. Often this is labor and/or raw materials
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Variable inputs
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Diseconomies of Scale
25. Occurs when there is no more incentive for firms to enter or exit. P=MR=MC=ATC and profit = 0
Monopolistic competition
Opportunity Cost
Total Welfare
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
26. The mechanism for combining production resources - with existing technology - into finished goods and services
Income Effect
Economic Profit
Law of Increasing Costs
Production function
27. Ed = 1
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Unit elastic demand
Determinants of Supply
Economies of Scale
28. The total quantity - or total output of a good produced at each quantity of labor employed
Perfect competition
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Positive externality
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
29. Excess supply; exists at a market price when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.
Surplus
Total Revenue Test
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Law of Supply
30. A group of firms that agree not to compete with each other on the basis of price - production - or other competitive dimensions. Cartel members operate as a monopolist to maximize their joint profits
Cartel
Comparative Advantage
Free-Rider Problem
Collusive oligopoly
31. Measures the value of what the next unit of a resource (e.g. - labor) brings to the firm. MRPL = MR x MPL. In a perfectly competitive product market - MRPL = P x MPL. In a monopoly product market - MR < P so MRPm < MRPc.
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Fixed inputs
Total Revenue
Price Ceiling
32. AFC = TFC/Q
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Inferior Goods
Determinants of Demand
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
33. The change in quantity demanded that results from a change in the consumer's purchasing power (or real income)
Income Effect
Break-even Point
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Total variable costs (TVC)
34. A per unit tax on production results in a vertical shift in the supply curve by the amount of the tax
Excise Tax
Market Equilibrium
Normal Goods
Non-collusive oligopoly
35. Ei = (%dQd good X)/(%d Income)
Productive Efficiency
Income Elasticity
Cartel
Unit elastic demand
36. Production of maximum output for a given level of technology and resources. All points on the PPF are productively efficient
Collusive oligopoly
Productive Efficiency
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Non-collusive oligopoly
37. The rational decision maker chooses an action if MB = MC
Constant Returns to Scale
Collusive oligopoly
Price Ceiling
Marginal Analysis
38. The ability to set the price above the perfectly competitive level
Derived Demand
Cartel
Market power
Monopoly
39. Goods that are both nonrival and nonexcludable. One person's consumption does not prevent another from also consuming that good and if it is provided to some - it is necessarily provided to all - even if they do not pay for that good
Public goods
Perfectly elastic
Perfect competition
Law of Demand
40. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms upward
Increasing Cost Industry
Shutdown Point
Shortage
Constant cost industry
41. The least competitive market structure - characterized by a single producer - with no close substitutes - barriers to entry - and price making power
Constant Returns to Scale
Diseconomies of Scale
Monopoly
Economies of Scale
42. The output where AVC is minimized. If the price falls below this point - the firm chooses to shut down or produce zero units in the short run
Economic Growth
Surplus
Shutdown Point
Long Run
43. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Productive Efficiency
Incidence of Tax
Necessity
Implicit costs
44. Product demand - productivity - prices of other resources - and complementary resources
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Opportunity Cost
Determinants of Labor Demand
Resources
45. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - consumers decrease their quantity demanded for that good
Market Equilibrium
Normal Goods
Incidence of Tax
Law of Demand
46. An economic system based upon the fundamentals of private property - freedom - self-interest - and prices
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Positive externality
Producer surplus
47. Costs that change with the level of output. If output is zero - so are TVCs.
Inferior Goods
Private goods
Constrained Utility Maximization
Total variable costs (TVC)
48. A market structure characterized by a few small firms producing a differentiated product with easy entry into the market
Spillover costs
Monopolistic competition
Comparative Advantage
Short run
49. Costs of inputs - technology and productivity - taxes/subsidies - producer speculation - price of other goods that could be produced - and number of sellers all influence supply
Price inelastic demand
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Collusive oligopoly
Determinants of Supply
50. Additional benefits to society not captured by the market demand curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too high and a market quantity that is too low. Resources are underallocated to the production of this good
Spillover benefits
Constant cost industry
Positive externality
Normal Goods