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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An economic system based upon the fundamentals of private property - freedom - self-interest - and prices
Implicit costs
Price inelastic demand
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Total Revenue Test
2. The imbalance between limited productive resources and unlimited human wants
Scarcity
Non-collusive oligopoly
Comparative Advantage
Collusive oligopoly
3. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Complementary Goods
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Accounting Profit
Price discrimination
4. All firms maximize profit by producing where MR = MC
Profit Maximizing Rule
Perfect competition
Economic Growth
Excise Tax
5. Another way of saying that firms are earning zero economic profits or a fair rate of return on invested resources
Economic Profit
Normal Profit
Marginal Analysis
Marginal tax rate
6. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Perfectly inelastic
Comparative Advantage
Accounting Profit
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
7. The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus
Short run
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Demand for Labor
Total Welfare
8. The difference between total revenue and total explicit and implicit costs
Relative Prices
Negative externality
Law of Supply
Economic Profit
9. A legal minimum price below which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent surplus
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Law of Supply
Price floor
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
10. TR = P * Qd
Constant cost industry
Non-collusive oligopoly
Law of Demand
Total Revenue
11. A good for which higher income increases demand
Normal Goods
Price inelastic demand
Constant cost industry
Necessity
12. A measure of industry market power. Sum the market share of the four largest firms and a ratio above 40% is a good indicator of oligopoly
Determinants of elasticity
Four-firm concentration ratio
Profit Maximizing Rule
Shortage
13. Demand for a resource like labor is derived from the demand for the goods produced by the resource
Price Elasticity of Supply
Specialization
Derived Demand
Monopsonist
14. The price of a good measured in units of currency
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Constant Returns to Scale
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Absolute prices
15. When firms focus their resources on production of goods for which they have comparative advantage
Break-even Point
Perfectly inelastic
Total Revenue Test
Specialization
16. Direct - purchased - out-of-pocket costs paid to resource suppliers provided by the entrepreneur
Implicit costs
Income Effect
Market Equilibrium
Explicit costs
17. Ed = 8 - infinite change in demand to price change
Derived Demand
Perfectly elastic
Monopoly
Fixed inputs
18. The most desirable alternative given up as the result of a decision
Least-Cost Rule
Spillover costs
Market power
Opportunity Cost
19. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - suppliers increase their quantity supplied for that good
Law of Supply
Economic Growth
Oligopoly
Relative Prices
20. Pmc < MR = MC and Pmc > minimum ATC so outcome is not efficient - but profit = 0.
Scarcity
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Total Welfare
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
21. ATC = TC/Q = AFC + AVC
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Substitution Effect
Market power
22. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Comparative Advantage
Luxury
Total variable costs (TVC)
Incidence of Tax
23. A per unit tax on production results in a vertical shift in the supply curve by the amount of the tax
Income Effect
Price Elasticity of Supply
Accounting Profit
Excise Tax
24. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms downward
Negative externality
Variable inputs
Decreasing Cost industry
Price elastic demand
25. Production of the combination of goods and services that provides the most net benefit to society. The optimal quantity of a good is achieved when the MB = MC of the next unit and only occurs at one point on the PPF
Incidence of Tax
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Consumer surplus
Allocative Efficiency
26. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - consumers decrease their quantity demanded for that good
Law of Demand
Profit Maximizing Rule
Determinants of Demand
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
27. 0 < Ei < 1
Total Welfare
Necessity
Negative externality
Marginal tax rate
28. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms upward
Increasing Cost Industry
Excess Capacity
Monopsonist
Profit Maximizing Rule
29. Additional benefits to society not captured by the market demand curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too high and a market quantity that is too low. Resources are underallocated to the production of this good
Spillover benefits
Price elastic demand
Diseconomies of Scale
Normal Goods
30. A period of time too short to change the size of the plant - but many other - more variable resources can be changed to meet demand
Short run
Substitution Effect
Natural Monopoly
Allocative Efficiency
31. Ex -y = (%dQd good X) / (%d Price Y). If Ex -y > 0 - goods X and Y are substitutes. If Ex -y < 0 - goods X and Y are complementary
Producer surplus
Specialization
Substitution Effect
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
32. Ed = 1
Long Run
Perfect competition
Private goods
Unit elastic demand
33. The rate paid on the last dollar earned. This is found by taking the ratio of the change in taxes divided by the change in income
Oligopoly
Marginal tax rate
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
34. Exists if a producer can produce a good at lower opportunity cost than all other producers
Constrained Utility Maximization
Normal Profit
Comparative Advantage
Demand for Labor
35. The least competitive market structure - characterized by a single producer - with no close substitutes - barriers to entry - and price making power
Accounting Profit
Monopoly
Luxury
Perfectly elastic
36. Ei > 1
Positive externality
Total Welfare
Luxury
Least-Cost Rule
37. The lost net benefit to society caused by a movement away from the competitive market equilibrium
Implicit costs
Law of Increasing Costs
Luxury
Dead Weight Loss
38. The practice of selling essentially the same good to different groups of consumers at different prices
Marginal tax rate
Absolute Advantage
Price discrimination
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
39. Two goods are consumer substitutes if they provide essentially the same utility to consumers
Substitute Goods
Production function
Law of Increasing Costs
Absolute prices
40. Measures the cost the firm incurs from using an additional unit of input. In a perfectly competitive labor market - MRC = Wage. In a monopsony labor market - the MRC > Wage
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Perfectly elastic
Price discrimination
Price Elasticity of Supply
41. Ed < 1
Explicit costs
Constrained Utility Maximization
Total variable costs (TVC)
Price inelastic demand
42. The firm hires the profit maximizing amount of a resource at the point where MRP = MRC
Spillover costs
Perfect competition
Determinants of Supply
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
43. Occurs when LRAC is constant over a variety of plant sizes
Resources
Constant Returns to Scale
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Accounting Profit
44. Ed = 0 - no response to price change
Perfectly inelastic
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Utility Maximizing Rule
Law of Supply
45. A legal maximum price above which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent shortage
Law of Supply
Price Ceiling
Excess Capacity
Public goods
46. Excess demand; a shortage exists at a market price when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied
Shortage
Determinants of Demand
Positive externality
Constant cost industry
47. Ei = (%dQd good X)/(%d Income)
Monopsonist
Income Elasticity
Variable inputs
Profit Maximizing Rule
48. In the case of a public good - some members of the community know that they can consume the public good while others provide for it. This results in a lack of private funding and forces the government to provide it
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Free-Rider Problem
Price elasticity
Least-Cost Rule
49. Excess supply; exists at a market price when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.
Decreasing Cost industry
Monopoly
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Surplus
50. A group of firms that agree not to compete with each other on the basis of price - production - or other competitive dimensions. Cartel members operate as a monopolist to maximize their joint profits
Positive externality
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Monopsonist
Cartel