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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms downward
Total Welfare
Decreasing Cost industry
Productive Efficiency
Profit Maximizing Rule
2. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - suppliers increase their quantity supplied for that good
Complementary Goods
Law of Supply
Substitution Effect
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
3. Production of maximum output for a given level of technology and resources. All points on the PPF are productively efficient
Fixed inputs
Price Elasticity of Supply
Perfectly elastic
Productive Efficiency
4. Production inputs that the firm can adjust in the short run to meet changes in demand for their output. Often this is labor and/or raw materials
Variable inputs
Cartel
Excise Tax
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
5. Ex -y = (%dQd good X) / (%d Price Y). If Ex -y > 0 - goods X and Y are substitutes. If Ex -y < 0 - goods X and Y are complementary
Least-Cost Rule
Allocative Efficiency
Perfect competition
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
6. The practice of selling essentially the same good to different groups of consumers at different prices
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Monopoly
Price discrimination
Unit elastic demand
7. Consumer income - prices of substitute and complementary goods - consumer tastes and preferences - consumer speculation - and number of buyers in the market all influence demand
Economic Growth
Determinants of Demand
Total Welfare
Accounting Profit
8. A good for which higher income increases demand
Price discrimination
Normal Goods
Marginal Cost (MC)
Collusive oligopoly
9. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms upward
Increasing Cost Industry
Four-firm concentration ratio
Spillover benefits
Marginal Analysis
10. The mechanism for combining production resources - with existing technology - into finished goods and services
Shortage
Production function
Total variable costs (TVC)
Profit Maximizing Rule
11. For one good - constrained by prices and income - a consumer stops consuming a good when the price paid for the next unit is equal to the marginal benefit received
Comparative Advantage
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Constrained Utility Maximization
Positive externality
12. Occurs when there is no more incentive for firms to enter or exit. P=MR=MC=ATC and profit = 0
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Utility Maximizing Rule
Perfect competition
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
13. The case where economies of scale are so extensive that it is less costly for one firm to supply the entire range of demand
Natural Monopoly
Perfectly elastic
Comparative Advantage
Spillover costs
14. Demand for a resource like labor is derived from the demand for the goods produced by the resource
Determinants of elasticity
Derived Demand
Economic Profit
Normal Goods
15. A good for which higher income decreases demand
Inferior Goods
Income Elasticity
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Increasing Cost Industry
16. Pmc < MR = MC and Pmc > minimum ATC so outcome is not efficient - but profit = 0.
Constant Returns to Scale
Luxury
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Specialization
17. Costs of inputs - technology and productivity - taxes/subsidies - producer speculation - price of other goods that could be produced - and number of sellers all influence supply
Constant cost industry
Demand for Labor
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Determinants of Supply
18. The philosophy that a citizen should receive a share of economic resources proportional to the marginal revenue product of his or her productivity
Price floor
Substitution Effect
Marginal Productivity Theory
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
19. Ed = 0 - no response to price change
Allocative Efficiency
Excise Tax
Income Elasticity
Perfectly inelastic
20. Product demand - productivity - prices of other resources - and complementary resources
Constrained Utility Maximization
Determinants of Labor Demand
Economics
Consumer surplus
21. Ed < 1
Price inelastic demand
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Economies of Scale
Price floor
22. Ei > 1
Luxury
Marginal tax rate
Determinants of Labor Demand
Economic Profit
23. The difference between the monopolistic competition output Qmc and the output at minimum ATC. Excess capacity is underused plant and equipment
Total variable costs (TVC)
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Excess Capacity
Shortage
24. The study of how people - firms - and societies use their scarce productive resources to best satisfy their unlimited material wants.
Economics
Luxury
Resources
Least-Cost Rule
25. The change in total product resulting from a change in the labor input. MPL = dTPL/dL - or the slope of total product
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Marginal Productivity Theory
Shutdown Point
Constant cost industry
26. Ed = 8 - infinite change in demand to price change
Dead Weight Loss
Oligopoly
Price inelastic demand
Perfectly elastic
27. The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus
Luxury
Resources
Total Welfare
Marginal Benefit (MB)
28. Production inputs that cannot be changed in the short run. Usually this is the plant size or capital
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Determinants of elasticity
Fixed inputs
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
29. MUx / Px = MUy/Py or MUx/MUy = Px/Py
Least-Cost Rule
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Utility Maximizing Rule
Marginal Cost (MC)
30. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Accounting Profit
Perfectly elastic
Excise Tax
Economic Profit
31. Ei = (%dQd good X)/(%d Income)
Consumer surplus
Diseconomies of Scale
Total variable costs (TVC)
Income Elasticity
32. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Complementary Goods
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Free-Rider Problem
Shutdown Point
33. AFC = TFC/Q
Spillover costs
Opportunity Cost
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Marginal Cost (MC)
34. The ability to set the price above the perfectly competitive level
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Market power
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
35. Direct - purchased - out-of-pocket costs paid to resource suppliers provided by the entrepreneur
Opportunity Cost
Law of Demand
Explicit costs
Excise Tax
36. All firms maximize profit by producing where MR = MC
Income Elasticity
Public goods
Normal Profit
Profit Maximizing Rule
37. The difference between the price received and the marginal cost of producing the good. It is the area above the supply curve and under the price
Non-collusive oligopoly
Producer surplus
Allocative Efficiency
Total Revenue Test
38. The number of units of any other good Y that must be sacrificed to acquire good X. Only relative prices matter
Normal Profit
Relative Prices
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Utility Maximizing Rule
39. The marginal utility from consumption of more and more of that item falls over time
Complementary Goods
Necessity
Decreasing Cost industry
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
40. The firm hires the profit maximizing amount of a resource at the point where MRP = MRC
Derived Demand
Four-firm concentration ratio
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Normal Goods
41. A period of time long enough to alter the plant size. New firms can enter the industry and existing firms can liquidate and exit
Consumer surplus
Subsidy
Relative Prices
Long Run
42. Models where firms are competitive rivals seeking to gain at the expense of their rivals
Implicit costs
Collusive oligopoly
Non-collusive oligopoly
Perfect competition
43. The combination of labor and capital that minimizes total costs for a given production rate. Hire L and K so that MPL / PL = MPK / PK or MPL/MPK = PL/PK
Substitute Goods
Spillover costs
Consumer surplus
Least-Cost Rule
44. The difference between your willingness to pay and the price you actually pay. It is the area below the demand curve and above the price
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Cartel
Consumer surplus
Resources
45. Has opposite effect of an excise tax - as it lowers the marginal cost of production - forcing the supply curve down
Economics
Subsidy
Monopoly
Market power
46. The price of a good measured in units of currency
Inferior Goods
Production function
Absolute prices
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
47. Exists if a producer can produce a good at lower opportunity cost than all other producers
Unit elastic demand
Monopolistic competition
Decreasing Cost industry
Comparative Advantage
48. Goods that are both rival and excludable. Only one person can consume the good at a time and consumers who do not pay for the good are excluded from consumption
Necessity
Productive Efficiency
Short run
Private goods
49. A legal minimum price below which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent surplus
Excess Capacity
Price floor
Cartel
Comparative Advantage
50. The more of a good that is produced - the greater the opportunity cost of producing the next unit of that good
Law of Increasing Costs
Least-Cost Rule
Variable inputs
Fixed inputs