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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When firms focus their resources on production of goods for which they have comparative advantage
Shutdown Point
Excess Capacity
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Specialization
2. Two goods are consumer substitutes if they provide essentially the same utility to consumers
Determinants of Demand
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Least-Cost Rule
Substitute Goods
3. The rational decision maker chooses an action if MB = MC
Positive externality
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Marginal Analysis
Derived Demand
4. The price of a good measured in units of currency
Absolute prices
Increasing Cost Industry
Scarcity
Total Revenue
5. Models where firms are competitive rivals seeking to gain at the expense of their rivals
Non-collusive oligopoly
Perfectly elastic
Diseconomies of Scale
Oligopoly
6. Ed = 8 - infinite change in demand to price change
Short run
Perfectly elastic
Specialization
Opportunity Cost
7. Exists when the production of a good creates utility for third parties not directly involved in the consumption of production of the good
Positive externality
Dead Weight Loss
Unit elastic demand
Diseconomies of Scale
8. The firm hires the profit maximizing amount of a resource at the point where MRP = MRC
Total Revenue Test
Opportunity Cost
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Economic Profit
9. The total quantity - or total output of a good produced at each quantity of labor employed
Opportunity Cost
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Excise Tax
10. A market structure characterized by a few small firms producing a differentiated product with easy entry into the market
Monopolistic competition
Public goods
Resources
Law of Increasing Costs
11. A period of time too short to change the size of the plant - but many other - more variable resources can be changed to meet demand
Long Run
Short run
Relative Prices
Price discrimination
12. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Accounting Profit
Absolute prices
Market Equilibrium
Private goods
13. Measures the cost the firm incurs from using an additional unit of input. In a perfectly competitive labor market - MRC = Wage. In a monopsony labor market - the MRC > Wage
Economic Profit
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Price floor
Determinants of Demand
14. Costs of inputs - technology and productivity - taxes/subsidies - producer speculation - price of other goods that could be produced - and number of sellers all influence supply
Determinants of Supply
Four-firm concentration ratio
Constant cost industry
Allocative Efficiency
15. Additional benefits to society not captured by the market demand curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too high and a market quantity that is too low. Resources are underallocated to the production of this good
Shutdown Point
Spillover benefits
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Average Total Cost (ATC)
16. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Complementary Goods
Normal Goods
Marginal Analysis
Unit elastic demand
17. Production inputs that the firm can adjust in the short run to meet changes in demand for their output. Often this is labor and/or raw materials
Price elastic demand
Variable inputs
Oligopoly
Necessity
18. The downward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC falls as plan size increases. This is the result of specialization - lower cost of inputs - or other efficiencies of larger scale.
Least-Cost Rule
Economies of Scale
Law of Increasing Costs
Income Elasticity
19. A good for which higher income increases demand
Free-Rider Problem
Normal Goods
Marginal tax rate
Price discrimination
20. Total revenue rises with a price increase if demand is price inelastic and falls with a price increase if demand is price elastic
Constant Returns to Scale
Total Revenue Test
Explicit costs
Non-collusive oligopoly
21. The output where ATC is minimized and economic profit is zero
Income Effect
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Income Elasticity
Break-even Point
22. Ed = 0 - no response to price change
Determinants of Labor Demand
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Perfectly inelastic
Utility Maximizing Rule
23. Ei = (%dQd good X)/(%d Income)
Inferior Goods
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Income Elasticity
24. Costs that do not vary with changes in short-run output. They must be paid even when output is zero.
Determinants of elasticity
Perfect competition
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
25. The imbalance between limited productive resources and unlimited human wants
Marginal Cost (MC)
Explicit costs
Subsidy
Scarcity
26. Exists if a producer can produce a good at lower opportunity cost than all other producers
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Inferior Goods
Comparative Advantage
Spillover costs
27. Exists when the production of a good imposes disutility upon third parties not directly involved in the consumption or production of the good
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Negative externality
Shortage
Utility Maximizing Rule
28. Measures the value of what the next unit of a resource (e.g. - labor) brings to the firm. MRPL = MR x MPL. In a perfectly competitive product market - MRPL = P x MPL. In a monopoly product market - MR < P so MRPm < MRPc.
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Explicit costs
Marginal tax rate
Utility Maximizing Rule
29. The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus
Total Welfare
Substitution Effect
Four-firm concentration ratio
Negative externality
30. All firms maximize profit by producing where MR = MC
Consumer surplus
Utility Maximizing Rule
Profit Maximizing Rule
Market Economy (Capitalism)
31. Ed > 1 - meaning consumers are price sensitive
Constrained Utility Maximization
Price elastic demand
Law of Supply
Non-collusive oligopoly
32. TR = P * Qd
Allocative Efficiency
Marginal Analysis
Total Revenue
Marginal Cost (MC)
33. The lost net benefit to society caused by a movement away from the competitive market equilibrium
Dead Weight Loss
Marginal Analysis
Constrained Utility Maximization
Derived Demand
34. Has opposite effect of an excise tax - as it lowers the marginal cost of production - forcing the supply curve down
Unit elastic demand
Complementary Goods
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Subsidy
35. The output where AVC is minimized. If the price falls below this point - the firm chooses to shut down or produce zero units in the short run
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Absolute prices
Shutdown Point
Collusive oligopoly
36. The difference between the monopolistic competition output Qmc and the output at minimum ATC. Excess capacity is underused plant and equipment
Derived Demand
Excess Capacity
Cartel
Marginal tax rate
37. The change in quantity demanded resulting from a change in the price of one good relative to other goods
Shortage
Marginal Productivity Theory
Price discrimination
Substitution Effect
38. Pmc < MR = MC and Pmc > minimum ATC so outcome is not efficient - but profit = 0.
Spillover benefits
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Diseconomies of Scale
Fixed inputs
39. A good for which higher income decreases demand
Inferior Goods
Marginal Cost (MC)
Producer surplus
Marginal Benefit (MB)
40. Characterized by many small price-taking firms producing a standardized product in an industry in which there are no barriers to entry or exit
Marginal Analysis
Luxury
Perfect competition
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
41. Indirect - non-purchased - or opportunity costs of resources provided by the entrepreneur
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Implicit costs
Price Elasticity of Supply
Public goods
42. The difference between the price received and the marginal cost of producing the good. It is the area above the supply curve and under the price
Oligopoly
Marginal tax rate
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Producer surplus
43. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Income Elasticity
Incidence of Tax
Positive externality
Profit Maximizing Rule
44. Demand for a resource like labor is derived from the demand for the goods produced by the resource
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Income Elasticity
Derived Demand
Decreasing Cost industry
45. Models where firms agree to mutually improve their situation
Complementary Goods
Collusive oligopoly
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Law of Increasing Costs
46. For one good - constrained by prices and income - a consumer stops consuming a good when the price paid for the next unit is equal to the marginal benefit received
Constrained Utility Maximization
Constant cost industry
Perfectly elastic
Shortage
47. The practice of selling essentially the same good to different groups of consumers at different prices
Market Equilibrium
Price discrimination
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Monopsonist
48. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms downward
Surplus
Decreasing Cost industry
Economic Growth
Total variable costs (TVC)
49. The ability to set the price above the perfectly competitive level
Market power
Surplus
Income Elasticity
Marginal Benefit (MB)
50. The difference between total revenue and total explicit and implicit costs
Market power
Total Welfare
Economic Profit
Marginal Cost (MC)