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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
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Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The output where ATC is minimized and economic profit is zero
Break-even Point
Perfect competition
Total Revenue Test
Market Equilibrium
2. The additional benefit received from the consumption of the next unit of a good or service
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Price floor
Perfect competition
Income Elasticity
3. Excess demand; a shortage exists at a market price when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied
Shortage
Price Elasticity of Supply
Law of Supply
Free-Rider Problem
4. Goods that are both nonrival and nonexcludable. One person's consumption does not prevent another from also consuming that good and if it is provided to some - it is necessarily provided to all - even if they do not pay for that good
Public goods
Income Elasticity
Increasing Cost Industry
Income Effect
5. Product demand - productivity - prices of other resources - and complementary resources
Explicit costs
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Determinants of Labor Demand
Absolute prices
6. The change in total product resulting from a change in the labor input. MPL = dTPL/dL - or the slope of total product
Price Ceiling
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Private goods
Oligopoly
7. In the case of a public good - some members of the community know that they can consume the public good while others provide for it. This results in a lack of private funding and forces the government to provide it
Free-Rider Problem
Total Revenue
Perfect competition
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
8. Ed = (%dQd)/(%dP). Ignore negative sign
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Perfect competition
Price elasticity
Excess Capacity
9. The rate paid on the last dollar earned. This is found by taking the ratio of the change in taxes divided by the change in income
Normal Profit
Consumer surplus
Marginal Analysis
Marginal tax rate
10. Production inputs that cannot be changed in the short run. Usually this is the plant size or capital
Fixed inputs
Scarcity
Producer surplus
Determinants of Supply
11. The difference between the monopolistic competition output Qmc and the output at minimum ATC. Excess capacity is underused plant and equipment
Excess Capacity
Complementary Goods
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Profit Maximizing Rule
12. The mechanism for combining production resources - with existing technology - into finished goods and services
Income Effect
Unit elastic demand
Production function
Marginal Analysis
13. The ability to set the price above the perfectly competitive level
Market power
Diseconomies of Scale
Shutdown Point
Determinants of elasticity
14. MUx / Px = MUy/Py or MUx/MUy = Px/Py
Utility Maximizing Rule
Absolute Advantage
Constrained Utility Maximization
Shutdown Point
15. The marginal utility from consumption of more and more of that item falls over time
Producer surplus
Oligopoly
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Complementary Goods
16. The most desirable alternative given up as the result of a decision
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Price Elasticity of Supply
Opportunity Cost
Determinants of elasticity
17. Occurs when an economy's production possibilities increase. This can be a result of more resources - better resources - or improvements in technology.
Monopsonist
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Price Elasticity of Supply
Economic Growth
18. Production of maximum output for a given level of technology and resources. All points on the PPF are productively efficient
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Negative externality
Price Elasticity of Supply
Productive Efficiency
19. Production inputs that the firm can adjust in the short run to meet changes in demand for their output. Often this is labor and/or raw materials
Constant cost industry
Variable inputs
Total Welfare
Marginal Benefit (MB)
20. Ed = 8 - infinite change in demand to price change
Determinants of Labor Demand
Monopolistic competition
Non-collusive oligopoly
Perfectly elastic
21. A legal minimum price below which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent surplus
Price floor
Production function
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Perfectly elastic
22. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Complementary Goods
Shutdown Point
23. Additional benefits to society not captured by the market demand curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too high and a market quantity that is too low. Resources are underallocated to the production of this good
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Spillover benefits
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Positive externality
24. 0 < Ei < 1
Necessity
Accounting Profit
Spillover costs
Production function
25. The lost net benefit to society caused by a movement away from the competitive market equilibrium
Marginal Cost (MC)
Market Equilibrium
Dead Weight Loss
Monopolistic competition
26. Labor demand for the firm is MRPL curve. The labor demanded for the entire market DL = ?MRPL of all firms
Demand for Labor
Determinants of Demand
Economies of Scale
Scarcity
27. Pm > MR = MC - which is not allocatively efficient and dead weight loss exists. Pm > ATC - which is not productively efficient. Profit > 0 so consumer surplus is transferred to the monopolist as profit
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Shortage
Average Total Cost (ATC)
28. The difference between total revenue and total explicit and implicit costs
Economic Profit
Variable inputs
Price inelastic demand
Diseconomies of Scale
29. The difference between your willingness to pay and the price you actually pay. It is the area below the demand curve and above the price
Producer surplus
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Opportunity Cost
Consumer surplus
30. Pmc < MR = MC and Pmc > minimum ATC so outcome is not efficient - but profit = 0.
Total Welfare
Monopoly
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Demand for Labor
31. Occurs when there is no more incentive for firms to enter or exit. P=MR=MC=ATC and profit = 0
Law of Demand
Increasing Cost Industry
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Demand for Labor
32. Ed = 1
Profit Maximizing Rule
Monopolistic competition
Law of Increasing Costs
Unit elastic demand
33. The study of how people - firms - and societies use their scarce productive resources to best satisfy their unlimited material wants.
Perfectly inelastic
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Economics
Private goods
34. Consumer income - prices of substitute and complementary goods - consumer tastes and preferences - consumer speculation - and number of buyers in the market all influence demand
Shortage
Determinants of Demand
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Price discrimination
35. Goods that are both rival and excludable. Only one person can consume the good at a time and consumers who do not pay for the good are excluded from consumption
Private goods
Consumer surplus
Profit Maximizing Rule
Law of Increasing Costs
36. Ed < 1
Price inelastic demand
Explicit costs
Market power
Constrained Utility Maximization
37. Measures the cost the firm incurs from using an additional unit of input. In a perfectly competitive labor market - MRC = Wage. In a monopsony labor market - the MRC > Wage
Fixed inputs
Perfectly elastic
Necessity
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
38. The change in quantity demanded that results from a change in the consumer's purchasing power (or real income)
Resources
Allocative Efficiency
Unit elastic demand
Income Effect
39. A measure of industry market power. Sum the market share of the four largest firms and a ratio above 40% is a good indicator of oligopoly
Normal Goods
Law of Supply
Four-firm concentration ratio
Economies of Scale
40. Total revenue rises with a price increase if demand is price inelastic and falls with a price increase if demand is price elastic
Total Welfare
Total Revenue Test
Price inelastic demand
Price discrimination
41. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - suppliers increase their quantity supplied for that good
Law of Supply
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Utility Maximizing Rule
42. Costs of inputs - technology and productivity - taxes/subsidies - producer speculation - price of other goods that could be produced - and number of sellers all influence supply
Determinants of Supply
Resources
Law of Increasing Costs
Short run
43. Ed = 0 - no response to price change
Total Welfare
Private goods
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Perfectly inelastic
44. Entry (or exit) of firms does not shift the cost curves of firms in the industry
Opportunity Cost
Excess Capacity
Constant cost industry
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
45. TR = P * Qd
Break-even Point
Total Revenue
Dead Weight Loss
Opportunity Cost
46. The upward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC rises as plant size increases. This is usually the result of the increased difficulty of managing larger firms - which results in lost efficiency and rising per unit costs.
Constant Returns to Scale
Consumer surplus
Diseconomies of Scale
Total variable costs (TVC)
47. The price of a good measured in units of currency
Monopsonist
Absolute prices
Total Welfare
Market power
48. All firms maximize profit by producing where MR = MC
Excise Tax
Resources
Profit Maximizing Rule
Marginal Productivity Theory
49. Another way of saying that firms are earning zero economic profits or a fair rate of return on invested resources
Normal Profit
Inferior Goods
Income Elasticity
Price inelastic demand
50. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - consumers decrease their quantity demanded for that good
Variable inputs
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Law of Demand
Market Economy (Capitalism)