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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ed = 8 - infinite change in demand to price change
Short run
Perfectly elastic
Normal Goods
Marginal Productivity Theory
2. The difference between your willingness to pay and the price you actually pay. It is the area below the demand curve and above the price
Complementary Goods
Consumer surplus
Shutdown Point
Cartel
3. Ed > 1 - meaning consumers are price sensitive
Total Welfare
Excise Tax
Price elastic demand
Determinants of Demand
4. Costs that change with the level of output. If output is zero - so are TVCs.
Total variable costs (TVC)
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Determinants of Labor Demand
Perfectly inelastic
5. A very diverse market structure characterized by a small number of interdependent large firms - producing a standardized or differentiated product in a market with a barrier to entry
Price elastic demand
Oligopoly
Normal Goods
Profit Maximizing Rule
6. Exists at the point where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded
Market Equilibrium
Price floor
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
7. Consumer income - prices of substitute and complementary goods - consumer tastes and preferences - consumer speculation - and number of buyers in the market all influence demand
Determinants of Demand
Allocative Efficiency
Marginal Productivity Theory
Market Economy (Capitalism)
8. The more of a good that is produced - the greater the opportunity cost of producing the next unit of that good
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Law of Increasing Costs
Free-Rider Problem
Necessity
9. Pmc < MR = MC and Pmc > minimum ATC so outcome is not efficient - but profit = 0.
Non-collusive oligopoly
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Comparative Advantage
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
10. Ex -y = (%dQd good X) / (%d Price Y). If Ex -y > 0 - goods X and Y are substitutes. If Ex -y < 0 - goods X and Y are complementary
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Accounting Profit
Law of Supply
Specialization
11. The change in quantity demanded that results from a change in the consumer's purchasing power (or real income)
Income Effect
Shortage
Total variable costs (TVC)
Production function
12. The ability to set the price above the perfectly competitive level
Negative externality
Market power
Unit elastic demand
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
13. A good for which higher income increases demand
Constrained Utility Maximization
Normal Goods
Determinants of elasticity
Substitute Goods
14. A legal maximum price above which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent shortage
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Price Ceiling
Relative Prices
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
15. Substitutes - cost as percentage of income - and time to adjust to price changes all influence price elasticity
Price Ceiling
Utility Maximizing Rule
Law of Increasing Costs
Determinants of elasticity
16. A period of time long enough to alter the plant size. New firms can enter the industry and existing firms can liquidate and exit
Determinants of Demand
Complementary Goods
Oligopoly
Long Run
17. A legal minimum price below which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent surplus
Cartel
Price floor
Inferior Goods
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
18. Additional benefits to society not captured by the market demand curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too high and a market quantity that is too low. Resources are underallocated to the production of this good
Constant cost industry
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Spillover benefits
Income Effect
19. The difference between total revenue and total explicit and implicit costs
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Utility Maximizing Rule
Economic Profit
Productive Efficiency
20. The imbalance between limited productive resources and unlimited human wants
Scarcity
Perfectly elastic
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Accounting Profit
21. The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus
Total Welfare
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Price discrimination
Law of Demand
22. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Relative Prices
Incidence of Tax
Short run
Average Product of Labor (APL)
23. Ed = (%dQd)/(%dP). Ignore negative sign
Marginal Analysis
Price elasticity
Four-firm concentration ratio
Economics
24. Exists when the production of a good imposes disutility upon third parties not directly involved in the consumption or production of the good
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Scarcity
Perfect competition
Negative externality
25. The price of a good measured in units of currency
Incidence of Tax
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Absolute prices
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
26. Measures the cost the firm incurs from using an additional unit of input. In a perfectly competitive labor market - MRC = Wage. In a monopsony labor market - the MRC > Wage
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Income Elasticity
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Determinants of Demand
27. The marginal utility from consumption of more and more of that item falls over time
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Producer surplus
Negative externality
Market Economy (Capitalism)
28. The least competitive market structure - characterized by a single producer - with no close substitutes - barriers to entry - and price making power
Determinants of elasticity
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Monopoly
Shutdown Point
29. Two goods are consumer substitutes if they provide essentially the same utility to consumers
Total variable costs (TVC)
Economies of Scale
Consumer surplus
Substitute Goods
30. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - consumers decrease their quantity demanded for that good
Law of Demand
Scarcity
Short run
Total Revenue Test
31. The philosophy that a citizen should receive a share of economic resources proportional to the marginal revenue product of his or her productivity
Perfectly inelastic
Marginal Productivity Theory
Opportunity Cost
Allocative Efficiency
32. When firms focus their resources on production of goods for which they have comparative advantage
Excise Tax
Constant Returns to Scale
Diseconomies of Scale
Specialization
33. The number of units of any other good Y that must be sacrificed to acquire good X. Only relative prices matter
Price discrimination
Total variable costs (TVC)
Constrained Utility Maximization
Relative Prices
34. Goods that are both rival and excludable. Only one person can consume the good at a time and consumers who do not pay for the good are excluded from consumption
Private goods
Economics
Producer surplus
Non-collusive oligopoly
35. A good for which higher income decreases demand
Economic Growth
Market power
Diseconomies of Scale
Inferior Goods
36. Ei = (%dQd good X)/(%d Income)
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Total Revenue Test
Income Elasticity
Positive externality
37. The total quantity - or total output of a good produced at each quantity of labor employed
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Short run
Marginal Cost (MC)
Comparative Advantage
38. Pm > MR = MC - which is not allocatively efficient and dead weight loss exists. Pm > ATC - which is not productively efficient. Profit > 0 so consumer surplus is transferred to the monopolist as profit
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Determinants of Labor Demand
Economic Growth
Monopoly
39. Indirect - non-purchased - or opportunity costs of resources provided by the entrepreneur
Free-Rider Problem
Economics
Price elastic demand
Implicit costs
40. A firm that has market power in the factor market (a wage-setter)
Demand for Labor
Monopsonist
Marginal Cost (MC)
Dead Weight Loss
41. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Economics
Complementary Goods
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Determinants of Demand
42. The downward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC falls as plan size increases. This is the result of specialization - lower cost of inputs - or other efficiencies of larger scale.
Incidence of Tax
Economies of Scale
Marginal Analysis
Public goods
43. Direct - purchased - out-of-pocket costs paid to resource suppliers provided by the entrepreneur
Subsidy
Economies of Scale
Explicit costs
Incidence of Tax
44. Total product divided by labor employed. APL = TPL/L
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Natural Monopoly
Specialization
Price elastic demand
45. MUx / Px = MUy/Py or MUx/MUy = Px/Py
Opportunity Cost
Relative Prices
Total Revenue Test
Utility Maximizing Rule
46. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms downward
Decreasing Cost industry
Four-firm concentration ratio
Monopsonist
Specialization
47. Models where firms are competitive rivals seeking to gain at the expense of their rivals
Constrained Utility Maximization
Short run
Non-collusive oligopoly
Cartel
48. Production inputs that the firm can adjust in the short run to meet changes in demand for their output. Often this is labor and/or raw materials
Determinants of Labor Demand
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Variable inputs
Price inelastic demand
49. Costs that do not vary with changes in short-run output. They must be paid even when output is zero.
Perfectly elastic
Income Effect
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Law of Demand
50. The additional benefit received from the consumption of the next unit of a good or service
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Marginal Productivity Theory
Excise Tax
Average Total Cost (ATC)