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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Models where firms are competitive rivals seeking to gain at the expense of their rivals
Substitute Goods
Non-collusive oligopoly
Marginal Cost (MC)
Income Effect
2. Pmc < MR = MC and Pmc > minimum ATC so outcome is not efficient - but profit = 0.
Production function
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Law of Demand
Constant cost industry
3. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Perfect competition
Constrained Utility Maximization
Scarcity
Incidence of Tax
4. A legal maximum price above which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent shortage
Perfect competition
Price Ceiling
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Perfectly inelastic
5. The price of a good measured in units of currency
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Absolute prices
Shortage
Price floor
6. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Absolute prices
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Accounting Profit
Price Ceiling
7. The difference between the monopolistic competition output Qmc and the output at minimum ATC. Excess capacity is underused plant and equipment
Excess Capacity
Increasing Cost Industry
Price inelastic demand
Subsidy
8. Occurs when LRAC is constant over a variety of plant sizes
Price elastic demand
Constant Returns to Scale
Market Equilibrium
Income Effect
9. Additional benefits to society not captured by the market demand curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too high and a market quantity that is too low. Resources are underallocated to the production of this good
Income Effect
Price discrimination
Spillover costs
Spillover benefits
10. Exists when the production of a good imposes disutility upon third parties not directly involved in the consumption or production of the good
Inferior Goods
Negative externality
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Normal Profit
11. Excess supply; exists at a market price when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.
Surplus
Spillover costs
Perfectly inelastic
Normal Profit
12. Ed = 8 - infinite change in demand to price change
Natural Monopoly
Substitute Goods
Perfectly elastic
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
13. All firms maximize profit by producing where MR = MC
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Cartel
Profit Maximizing Rule
Utility Maximizing Rule
14. The most desirable alternative given up as the result of a decision
Collusive oligopoly
Least-Cost Rule
Opportunity Cost
Break-even Point
15. The ability to set the price above the perfectly competitive level
Resources
Price Ceiling
Perfect competition
Market power
16. Exists if a producer can produce more of a good than all other producers
Total Revenue
Natural Monopoly
Negative externality
Absolute Advantage
17. Occurs when an economy's production possibilities increase. This can be a result of more resources - better resources - or improvements in technology.
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Economic Growth
Complementary Goods
Absolute prices
18. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms upward
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Increasing Cost Industry
Price elastic demand
Shutdown Point
19. A period of time too short to change the size of the plant - but many other - more variable resources can be changed to meet demand
Short run
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Production function
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
20. Measures the value of what the next unit of a resource (e.g. - labor) brings to the firm. MRPL = MR x MPL. In a perfectly competitive product market - MRPL = P x MPL. In a monopoly product market - MR < P so MRPm < MRPc.
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Dead Weight Loss
Resources
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
21. Ed > 1 - meaning consumers are price sensitive
Complementary Goods
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Price elastic demand
Constant cost industry
22. When firms focus their resources on production of goods for which they have comparative advantage
Specialization
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Increasing Cost Industry
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
23. Exists at the point where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded
Positive externality
Income Effect
Market Equilibrium
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
24. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - suppliers increase their quantity supplied for that good
Subsidy
Relative Prices
Law of Supply
Derived Demand
25. The change in quantity demanded that results from a change in the consumer's purchasing power (or real income)
Oligopoly
Comparative Advantage
Income Effect
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
26. A very diverse market structure characterized by a small number of interdependent large firms - producing a standardized or differentiated product in a market with a barrier to entry
Total Welfare
Total Revenue Test
Oligopoly
Surplus
27. Pm > MR = MC - which is not allocatively efficient and dead weight loss exists. Pm > ATC - which is not productively efficient. Profit > 0 so consumer surplus is transferred to the monopolist as profit
Dead Weight Loss
Constant cost industry
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Price elastic demand
28. Total revenue rises with a price increase if demand is price inelastic and falls with a price increase if demand is price elastic
Necessity
Marginal Analysis
Absolute prices
Total Revenue Test
29. Models where firms agree to mutually improve their situation
Price Elasticity of Supply
Profit Maximizing Rule
Collusive oligopoly
Comparative Advantage
30. Factors of production - 4 categories: labor - physical capital - land/natural resources - and entrepreneurial ability
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Diseconomies of Scale
Resources
Monopoly
31. The combination of labor and capital that minimizes total costs for a given production rate. Hire L and K so that MPL / PL = MPK / PK or MPL/MPK = PL/PK
Shutdown Point
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Least-Cost Rule
Total Welfare
32. The philosophy that a citizen should receive a share of economic resources proportional to the marginal revenue product of his or her productivity
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Substitute Goods
Marginal Productivity Theory
Monopsonist
33. A firm that has market power in the factor market (a wage-setter)
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Monopsonist
Break-even Point
Economics
34. Es = (%dQs) / (%dPrice)
Marginal tax rate
Consumer surplus
Price Elasticity of Supply
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
35. The additional benefit received from the consumption of the next unit of a good or service
Necessity
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Marginal Benefit (MB)
36. Ed = 0 - no response to price change
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Economic Profit
Substitute Goods
Perfectly inelastic
37. The least competitive market structure - characterized by a single producer - with no close substitutes - barriers to entry - and price making power
Incidence of Tax
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Monopoly
Public goods
38. Ex -y = (%dQd good X) / (%d Price Y). If Ex -y > 0 - goods X and Y are substitutes. If Ex -y < 0 - goods X and Y are complementary
Accounting Profit
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Market Equilibrium
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
39. The more of a good that is produced - the greater the opportunity cost of producing the next unit of that good
Non-collusive oligopoly
Law of Increasing Costs
Luxury
Total Revenue Test
40. Characterized by many small price-taking firms producing a standardized product in an industry in which there are no barriers to entry or exit
Cartel
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Scarcity
Perfect competition
41. Costs of inputs - technology and productivity - taxes/subsidies - producer speculation - price of other goods that could be produced - and number of sellers all influence supply
Substitute Goods
Oligopoly
Monopoly
Determinants of Supply
42. A market structure characterized by a few small firms producing a differentiated product with easy entry into the market
Scarcity
Monopolistic competition
Unit elastic demand
Free-Rider Problem
43. The additional cost incurred from the consumption of the next unit of a good or a service
Marginal Cost (MC)
Price inelastic demand
Excess Capacity
Law of Increasing Costs
44. Entry (or exit) of firms does not shift the cost curves of firms in the industry
Perfect competition
Constant cost industry
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Determinants of Supply
45. For one good - constrained by prices and income - a consumer stops consuming a good when the price paid for the next unit is equal to the marginal benefit received
Constrained Utility Maximization
Law of Supply
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Derived Demand
46. The imbalance between limited productive resources and unlimited human wants
Scarcity
Total Welfare
Constant cost industry
Price Elasticity of Supply
47. The output where ATC is minimized and economic profit is zero
Fixed inputs
Spillover benefits
Price elastic demand
Break-even Point
48. Ed = (%dQd)/(%dP). Ignore negative sign
Price elasticity
Market power
Specialization
Implicit costs
49. A group of firms that agree not to compete with each other on the basis of price - production - or other competitive dimensions. Cartel members operate as a monopolist to maximize their joint profits
Determinants of elasticity
Scarcity
Cartel
Total Welfare
50. The rate paid on the last dollar earned. This is found by taking the ratio of the change in taxes divided by the change in income
Cartel
Luxury
Marginal tax rate
Accounting Profit