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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The total quantity - or total output of a good produced at each quantity of labor employed
Constrained Utility Maximization
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Normal Goods
Positive externality
2. TR = P * Qd
Total Revenue
Price elasticity
Subsidy
Positive externality
3. ATC = TC/Q = AFC + AVC
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Determinants of elasticity
Derived Demand
4. Total product divided by labor employed. APL = TPL/L
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Negative externality
Collusive oligopoly
Income Elasticity
5. 0 < Ei < 1
Explicit costs
Decreasing Cost industry
Perfect competition
Necessity
6. Measures the cost the firm incurs from using an additional unit of input. In a perfectly competitive labor market - MRC = Wage. In a monopsony labor market - the MRC > Wage
Implicit costs
Least-Cost Rule
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Shutdown Point
7. Goods that are both rival and excludable. Only one person can consume the good at a time and consumers who do not pay for the good are excluded from consumption
Constant cost industry
Private goods
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Oligopoly
8. Direct - purchased - out-of-pocket costs paid to resource suppliers provided by the entrepreneur
Spillover costs
Accounting Profit
Explicit costs
Excise Tax
9. Models where firms are competitive rivals seeking to gain at the expense of their rivals
Accounting Profit
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Non-collusive oligopoly
Opportunity Cost
10. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - consumers decrease their quantity demanded for that good
Allocative Efficiency
Excise Tax
Law of Demand
Complementary Goods
11. The number of units of any other good Y that must be sacrificed to acquire good X. Only relative prices matter
Price Ceiling
Relative Prices
Price discrimination
Excise Tax
12. All firms maximize profit by producing where MR = MC
Profit Maximizing Rule
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Determinants of Labor Demand
Natural Monopoly
13. A good for which higher income decreases demand
Inferior Goods
Complementary Goods
Total variable costs (TVC)
Marginal Analysis
14. The rational decision maker chooses an action if MB = MC
Positive externality
Marginal tax rate
Marginal Analysis
Public goods
15. The upward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC rises as plant size increases. This is usually the result of the increased difficulty of managing larger firms - which results in lost efficiency and rising per unit costs.
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Incidence of Tax
Diseconomies of Scale
16. An economic system based upon the fundamentals of private property - freedom - self-interest - and prices
Marginal Cost (MC)
Complementary Goods
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Economic Profit
17. A legal maximum price above which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent shortage
Income Elasticity
Price discrimination
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Price Ceiling
18. Es = (%dQs) / (%dPrice)
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Price Elasticity of Supply
Variable inputs
Marginal Productivity Theory
19. A group of firms that agree not to compete with each other on the basis of price - production - or other competitive dimensions. Cartel members operate as a monopolist to maximize their joint profits
Subsidy
Cartel
Relative Prices
Total variable costs (TVC)
20. The case where economies of scale are so extensive that it is less costly for one firm to supply the entire range of demand
Productive Efficiency
Marginal Cost (MC)
Allocative Efficiency
Natural Monopoly
21. The least competitive market structure - characterized by a single producer - with no close substitutes - barriers to entry - and price making power
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Spillover benefits
Monopoly
Average Total Cost (ATC)
22. Indirect - non-purchased - or opportunity costs of resources provided by the entrepreneur
Fixed inputs
Price inelastic demand
Implicit costs
Price discrimination
23. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Monopoly
Complementary Goods
Normal Goods
24. Exists when the production of a good creates utility for third parties not directly involved in the consumption of production of the good
Positive externality
Determinants of Supply
Price Elasticity of Supply
Explicit costs
25. The change in quantity demanded that results from a change in the consumer's purchasing power (or real income)
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Income Effect
Least-Cost Rule
Relative Prices
26. A good for which higher income increases demand
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Non-collusive oligopoly
Variable inputs
Normal Goods
27. Total revenue rises with a price increase if demand is price inelastic and falls with a price increase if demand is price elastic
Total Revenue Test
Increasing Cost Industry
Oligopoly
Diseconomies of Scale
28. Ei = (%dQd good X)/(%d Income)
Profit Maximizing Rule
Income Elasticity
Natural Monopoly
Positive externality
29. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - suppliers increase their quantity supplied for that good
Fixed inputs
Absolute Advantage
Law of Supply
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
30. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms upward
Price discrimination
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Increasing Cost Industry
Spillover costs
31. The additional cost incurred from the consumption of the next unit of a good or a service
Price elasticity
Public goods
Economics
Marginal Cost (MC)
32. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Productive Efficiency
Price inelastic demand
Incidence of Tax
Dead Weight Loss
33. The downward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC falls as plan size increases. This is the result of specialization - lower cost of inputs - or other efficiencies of larger scale.
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Spillover costs
Economies of Scale
Negative externality
34. Entry (or exit) of firms does not shift the cost curves of firms in the industry
Constant cost industry
Determinants of Labor Demand
Marginal tax rate
Economies of Scale
35. Occurs when there is no more incentive for firms to enter or exit. P=MR=MC=ATC and profit = 0
Monopolistic competition
Fixed inputs
Absolute Advantage
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
36. The combination of labor and capital that minimizes total costs for a given production rate. Hire L and K so that MPL / PL = MPK / PK or MPL/MPK = PL/PK
Least-Cost Rule
Substitution Effect
Total Revenue Test
Marginal Cost (MC)
37. The study of how people - firms - and societies use their scarce productive resources to best satisfy their unlimited material wants.
Normal Goods
Unit elastic demand
Consumer surplus
Economics
38. Consumer income - prices of substitute and complementary goods - consumer tastes and preferences - consumer speculation - and number of buyers in the market all influence demand
Incidence of Tax
Specialization
Shortage
Determinants of Demand
39. Factors of production - 4 categories: labor - physical capital - land/natural resources - and entrepreneurial ability
Positive externality
Resources
Marginal Cost (MC)
Spillover costs
40. The firm hires the profit maximizing amount of a resource at the point where MRP = MRC
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Marginal Productivity Theory
Total Revenue Test
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
41. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms downward
Absolute Advantage
Price elasticity
Marginal Cost (MC)
Decreasing Cost industry
42. A firm that has market power in the factor market (a wage-setter)
Monopsonist
Determinants of Supply
Determinants of Demand
Marginal Productivity Theory
43. Has opposite effect of an excise tax - as it lowers the marginal cost of production - forcing the supply curve down
Monopolistic competition
Economies of Scale
Subsidy
Determinants of Labor Demand
44. Excess supply; exists at a market price when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.
Four-firm concentration ratio
Decreasing Cost industry
Long Run
Surplus
45. Excess demand; a shortage exists at a market price when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Shortage
Complementary Goods
Relative Prices
46. Ex -y = (%dQd good X) / (%d Price Y). If Ex -y > 0 - goods X and Y are substitutes. If Ex -y < 0 - goods X and Y are complementary
Price elastic demand
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
47. A very diverse market structure characterized by a small number of interdependent large firms - producing a standardized or differentiated product in a market with a barrier to entry
Accounting Profit
Demand for Labor
Producer surplus
Oligopoly
48. The difference between the monopolistic competition output Qmc and the output at minimum ATC. Excess capacity is underused plant and equipment
Total Revenue
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Excess Capacity
49. The marginal utility from consumption of more and more of that item falls over time
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Perfectly inelastic
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Positive externality
50. Another way of saying that firms are earning zero economic profits or a fair rate of return on invested resources
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Oligopoly
Price floor
Normal Profit