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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Production inputs that cannot be changed in the short run. Usually this is the plant size or capital
Fixed inputs
Luxury
Surplus
Total variable costs (TVC)
2. A firm that has market power in the factor market (a wage-setter)
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Monopsonist
Marginal Productivity Theory
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
3. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms downward
Decreasing Cost industry
Luxury
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
4. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - suppliers increase their quantity supplied for that good
Opportunity Cost
Marginal Analysis
Law of Supply
Monopolistic competition
5. The study of how people - firms - and societies use their scarce productive resources to best satisfy their unlimited material wants.
Incidence of Tax
Economic Profit
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Economics
6. The output where AVC is minimized. If the price falls below this point - the firm chooses to shut down or produce zero units in the short run
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Allocative Efficiency
Shutdown Point
Accounting Profit
7. Product demand - productivity - prices of other resources - and complementary resources
Determinants of Labor Demand
Law of Demand
Marginal Cost (MC)
Demand for Labor
8. For one good - constrained by prices and income - a consumer stops consuming a good when the price paid for the next unit is equal to the marginal benefit received
Positive externality
Constrained Utility Maximization
Substitute Goods
Constant Returns to Scale
9. Exists when the production of a good imposes disutility upon third parties not directly involved in the consumption or production of the good
Perfectly elastic
Necessity
Negative externality
Economic Profit
10. In the case of a public good - some members of the community know that they can consume the public good while others provide for it. This results in a lack of private funding and forces the government to provide it
Free-Rider Problem
Normal Goods
Absolute prices
Determinants of Labor Demand
11. Ed = 8 - infinite change in demand to price change
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Consumer surplus
Spillover benefits
Perfectly elastic
12. Goods that are both nonrival and nonexcludable. One person's consumption does not prevent another from also consuming that good and if it is provided to some - it is necessarily provided to all - even if they do not pay for that good
Public goods
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Monopolistic competition
Market Equilibrium
13. Additional benefits to society not captured by the market demand curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too high and a market quantity that is too low. Resources are underallocated to the production of this good
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Perfectly elastic
Total variable costs (TVC)
Spillover benefits
14. The most desirable alternative given up as the result of a decision
Total Welfare
Opportunity Cost
Fixed inputs
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
15. The philosophy that a citizen should receive a share of economic resources proportional to the marginal revenue product of his or her productivity
Marginal Productivity Theory
Price floor
Price Ceiling
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
16. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Total Revenue Test
Accounting Profit
Substitute Goods
Marginal Analysis
17. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Shortage
Marginal Productivity Theory
Collusive oligopoly
Complementary Goods
18. The change in total product resulting from a change in the labor input. MPL = dTPL/dL - or the slope of total product
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Shortage
Complementary Goods
Necessity
19. The marginal utility from consumption of more and more of that item falls over time
Determinants of elasticity
Constant Returns to Scale
Luxury
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
20. A per unit tax on production results in a vertical shift in the supply curve by the amount of the tax
Profit Maximizing Rule
Normal Profit
Excise Tax
Determinants of elasticity
21. Es = (%dQs) / (%dPrice)
Four-firm concentration ratio
Price Elasticity of Supply
Total Welfare
Price floor
22. Factors of production - 4 categories: labor - physical capital - land/natural resources - and entrepreneurial ability
Marginal Analysis
Subsidy
Resources
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
23. Ed = 0 - no response to price change
Constant cost industry
Economies of Scale
Excess Capacity
Perfectly inelastic
24. The difference between total revenue and total explicit and implicit costs
Economic Profit
Collusive oligopoly
Absolute prices
Least-Cost Rule
25. Production of the combination of goods and services that provides the most net benefit to society. The optimal quantity of a good is achieved when the MB = MC of the next unit and only occurs at one point on the PPF
Law of Increasing Costs
Allocative Efficiency
Shortage
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
26. The number of units of any other good Y that must be sacrificed to acquire good X. Only relative prices matter
Decreasing Cost industry
Absolute Advantage
Complementary Goods
Relative Prices
27. Characterized by many small price-taking firms producing a standardized product in an industry in which there are no barriers to entry or exit
Perfect competition
Determinants of Labor Demand
Comparative Advantage
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
28. The difference between your willingness to pay and the price you actually pay. It is the area below the demand curve and above the price
Derived Demand
Consumer surplus
Price elastic demand
Subsidy
29. The downward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC falls as plan size increases. This is the result of specialization - lower cost of inputs - or other efficiencies of larger scale.
Unit elastic demand
Economies of Scale
Total Revenue
Income Effect
30. Excess supply; exists at a market price when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.
Shutdown Point
Surplus
Complementary Goods
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
31. All firms maximize profit by producing where MR = MC
Profit Maximizing Rule
Shutdown Point
Perfectly inelastic
Non-collusive oligopoly
32. Entry (or exit) of firms does not shift the cost curves of firms in the industry
Constant cost industry
Total Revenue
Specialization
Law of Supply
33. Ed > 1 - meaning consumers are price sensitive
Price elastic demand
Marginal Analysis
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
34. The price of a good measured in units of currency
Determinants of Demand
Absolute prices
Resources
Shortage
35. A legal maximum price above which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent shortage
Determinants of Demand
Luxury
Price Ceiling
Excess Capacity
36. Total product divided by labor employed. APL = TPL/L
Excise Tax
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Scarcity
Resources
37. When firms focus their resources on production of goods for which they have comparative advantage
Constrained Utility Maximization
Four-firm concentration ratio
Specialization
Income Effect
38. The least competitive market structure - characterized by a single producer - with no close substitutes - barriers to entry - and price making power
Marginal Cost (MC)
Monopoly
Decreasing Cost industry
Public goods
39. The change in quantity demanded resulting from a change in the price of one good relative to other goods
Substitution Effect
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Opportunity Cost
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
40. Ei = (%dQd good X)/(%d Income)
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Shortage
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Income Elasticity
41. Ed = 1
Income Effect
Economic Growth
Unit elastic demand
Private goods
42. A market structure characterized by a few small firms producing a differentiated product with easy entry into the market
Perfect competition
Inferior Goods
Monopolistic competition
Constant Returns to Scale
43. Measures the value of what the next unit of a resource (e.g. - labor) brings to the firm. MRPL = MR x MPL. In a perfectly competitive product market - MRPL = P x MPL. In a monopoly product market - MR < P so MRPm < MRPc.
Price elastic demand
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Absolute Advantage
Scarcity
44. Exists when the production of a good creates utility for third parties not directly involved in the consumption of production of the good
Price Elasticity of Supply
Positive externality
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Constant Returns to Scale
45. A period of time too short to change the size of the plant - but many other - more variable resources can be changed to meet demand
Four-firm concentration ratio
Short run
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Total Revenue Test
46. The ability to set the price above the perfectly competitive level
Total Revenue
Market power
Spillover costs
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
47. Ei > 1
Market power
Producer surplus
Total Revenue Test
Luxury
48. Exists at the point where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded
Subsidy
Market Equilibrium
Relative Prices
Public goods
49. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - consumers decrease their quantity demanded for that good
Law of Increasing Costs
Absolute Advantage
Decreasing Cost industry
Law of Demand
50. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Incidence of Tax
Profit Maximizing Rule
Perfectly inelastic
Productive Efficiency