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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
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Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when an economy's production possibilities increase. This can be a result of more resources - better resources - or improvements in technology.
Market power
Economic Growth
Absolute prices
Incidence of Tax
2. The difference between the monopolistic competition output Qmc and the output at minimum ATC. Excess capacity is underused plant and equipment
Economic Profit
Excess Capacity
Perfectly elastic
Productive Efficiency
3. Has opposite effect of an excise tax - as it lowers the marginal cost of production - forcing the supply curve down
Excise Tax
Break-even Point
Price inelastic demand
Subsidy
4. A good for which higher income decreases demand
Market Equilibrium
Allocative Efficiency
Utility Maximizing Rule
Inferior Goods
5. A good for which higher income increases demand
Normal Goods
Normal Profit
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Shortage
6. Two goods are consumer substitutes if they provide essentially the same utility to consumers
Perfectly inelastic
Substitute Goods
Price floor
Consumer surplus
7. 0 < Ei < 1
Marginal Analysis
Necessity
Perfectly inelastic
Market Economy (Capitalism)
8. Excess supply; exists at a market price when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.
Monopsonist
Price discrimination
Income Elasticity
Surplus
9. Additional benefits to society not captured by the market demand curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too high and a market quantity that is too low. Resources are underallocated to the production of this good
Production function
Spillover benefits
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Absolute prices
10. AFC = TFC/Q
Variable inputs
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Spillover costs
11. The more of a good that is produced - the greater the opportunity cost of producing the next unit of that good
Normal Profit
Economics
Absolute Advantage
Law of Increasing Costs
12. Measures the value of what the next unit of a resource (e.g. - labor) brings to the firm. MRPL = MR x MPL. In a perfectly competitive product market - MRPL = P x MPL. In a monopoly product market - MR < P so MRPm < MRPc.
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Monopoly
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Comparative Advantage
13. Exists when the production of a good creates utility for third parties not directly involved in the consumption of production of the good
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Least-Cost Rule
Relative Prices
Positive externality
14. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms upward
Decreasing Cost industry
Increasing Cost Industry
Normal Goods
Spillover benefits
15. Occurs when LRAC is constant over a variety of plant sizes
Surplus
Absolute Advantage
Excess Capacity
Constant Returns to Scale
16. Entry (or exit) of firms does not shift the cost curves of firms in the industry
Constant cost industry
Subsidy
Total Revenue
Oligopoly
17. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Complementary Goods
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Surplus
Excise Tax
18. TR = P * Qd
Income Effect
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Total Revenue
Relative Prices
19. The additional benefit received from the consumption of the next unit of a good or service
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Price elastic demand
Economic Profit
Complementary Goods
20. Another way of saying that firms are earning zero economic profits or a fair rate of return on invested resources
Resources
Income Elasticity
Short run
Normal Profit
21. The lost net benefit to society caused by a movement away from the competitive market equilibrium
Dead Weight Loss
Luxury
Demand for Labor
Constant cost industry
22. Production of the combination of goods and services that provides the most net benefit to society. The optimal quantity of a good is achieved when the MB = MC of the next unit and only occurs at one point on the PPF
Market power
Allocative Efficiency
Total Welfare
Law of Increasing Costs
23. Pmc < MR = MC and Pmc > minimum ATC so outcome is not efficient - but profit = 0.
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Economic Profit
Scarcity
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
24. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms downward
Marginal Productivity Theory
Least-Cost Rule
Diseconomies of Scale
Decreasing Cost industry
25. Ed < 1
Necessity
Least-Cost Rule
Price inelastic demand
Market power
26. Production inputs that the firm can adjust in the short run to meet changes in demand for their output. Often this is labor and/or raw materials
Law of Increasing Costs
Variable inputs
Resources
Luxury
27. The practice of selling essentially the same good to different groups of consumers at different prices
Comparative Advantage
Price elastic demand
Price discrimination
Law of Supply
28. Occurs when there is no more incentive for firms to enter or exit. P=MR=MC=ATC and profit = 0
Absolute prices
Break-even Point
Relative Prices
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
29. Production inputs that cannot be changed in the short run. Usually this is the plant size or capital
Fixed inputs
Substitution Effect
Diseconomies of Scale
Profit Maximizing Rule
30. The price of a good measured in units of currency
Determinants of Demand
Absolute prices
Economic Profit
Short run
31. Es = (%dQs) / (%dPrice)
Spillover benefits
Price Elasticity of Supply
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Collusive oligopoly
32. The additional cost incurred from the consumption of the next unit of a good or a service
Price elastic demand
Marginal Cost (MC)
Natural Monopoly
Perfectly inelastic
33. Ex -y = (%dQd good X) / (%d Price Y). If Ex -y > 0 - goods X and Y are substitutes. If Ex -y < 0 - goods X and Y are complementary
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Marginal Cost (MC)
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Price Elasticity of Supply
34. Total product divided by labor employed. APL = TPL/L
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Resources
Spillover costs
Price elastic demand
35. The rate paid on the last dollar earned. This is found by taking the ratio of the change in taxes divided by the change in income
Production function
Price inelastic demand
Marginal tax rate
Market power
36. Ed = (%dQd)/(%dP). Ignore negative sign
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Luxury
Perfectly inelastic
Price elasticity
37. The change in total product resulting from a change in the labor input. MPL = dTPL/dL - or the slope of total product
Producer surplus
Consumer surplus
Determinants of Demand
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
38. For one good - constrained by prices and income - a consumer stops consuming a good when the price paid for the next unit is equal to the marginal benefit received
Least-Cost Rule
Constrained Utility Maximization
Perfectly elastic
Income Effect
39. Goods that are both rival and excludable. Only one person can consume the good at a time and consumers who do not pay for the good are excluded from consumption
Substitute Goods
Total variable costs (TVC)
Negative externality
Private goods
40. Ei > 1
Long Run
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Luxury
Consumer surplus
41. Models where firms are competitive rivals seeking to gain at the expense of their rivals
Profit Maximizing Rule
Non-collusive oligopoly
Unit elastic demand
Diseconomies of Scale
42. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - consumers decrease their quantity demanded for that good
Economies of Scale
Law of Demand
Economic Growth
Total Welfare
43. The difference between total revenue and total explicit and implicit costs
Economic Profit
Spillover costs
Subsidy
Consumer surplus
44. The number of units of any other good Y that must be sacrificed to acquire good X. Only relative prices matter
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Price Ceiling
Relative Prices
Decreasing Cost industry
45. The philosophy that a citizen should receive a share of economic resources proportional to the marginal revenue product of his or her productivity
Oligopoly
Marginal Productivity Theory
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Comparative Advantage
46. The difference between the price received and the marginal cost of producing the good. It is the area above the supply curve and under the price
Producer surplus
Perfectly inelastic
Constant cost industry
Cartel
47. Additional costs to society not captured by the market supply curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too low and a market quantity that is too high. Resources are overallocated to the production of this good
Total Revenue Test
Spillover costs
Determinants of Labor Demand
Complementary Goods
48. Characterized by many small price-taking firms producing a standardized product in an industry in which there are no barriers to entry or exit
Perfect competition
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Dead Weight Loss
Spillover costs
49. The output where AVC is minimized. If the price falls below this point - the firm chooses to shut down or produce zero units in the short run
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Luxury
Shutdown Point
Implicit costs
50. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Marginal Productivity Theory
Diseconomies of Scale
Accounting Profit