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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The output where ATC is minimized and economic profit is zero
Spillover costs
Absolute prices
Break-even Point
Determinants of Supply
2. Characterized by many small price-taking firms producing a standardized product in an industry in which there are no barriers to entry or exit
Specialization
Market power
Perfect competition
Demand for Labor
3. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Collusive oligopoly
Accounting Profit
4. Additional costs to society not captured by the market supply curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too low and a market quantity that is too high. Resources are overallocated to the production of this good
Luxury
Cartel
Spillover costs
Marginal tax rate
5. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Variable inputs
Luxury
Price elasticity
Complementary Goods
6. Goods that are both rival and excludable. Only one person can consume the good at a time and consumers who do not pay for the good are excluded from consumption
Private goods
Resources
Law of Increasing Costs
Shutdown Point
7. Substitutes - cost as percentage of income - and time to adjust to price changes all influence price elasticity
Increasing Cost Industry
Private goods
Determinants of elasticity
Economies of Scale
8. The mechanism for combining production resources - with existing technology - into finished goods and services
Spillover costs
Implicit costs
Scarcity
Production function
9. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - consumers decrease their quantity demanded for that good
Private goods
Productive Efficiency
Law of Demand
Unit elastic demand
10. A legal maximum price above which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent shortage
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Price Ceiling
Relative Prices
Allocative Efficiency
11. Exists when the production of a good creates utility for third parties not directly involved in the consumption of production of the good
Positive externality
Economics
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Price Elasticity of Supply
12. The additional cost incurred from the consumption of the next unit of a good or a service
Substitute Goods
Cartel
Constant Returns to Scale
Marginal Cost (MC)
13. The difference between your willingness to pay and the price you actually pay. It is the area below the demand curve and above the price
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Perfectly elastic
Monopolistic competition
Consumer surplus
14. A measure of industry market power. Sum the market share of the four largest firms and a ratio above 40% is a good indicator of oligopoly
Necessity
Four-firm concentration ratio
Economics
Constant cost industry
15. The additional benefit received from the consumption of the next unit of a good or service
Perfectly inelastic
Monopoly
Producer surplus
Marginal Benefit (MB)
16. The difference between total revenue and total explicit and implicit costs
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Market power
Surplus
Economic Profit
17. The change in quantity demanded resulting from a change in the price of one good relative to other goods
Income Effect
Dead Weight Loss
Substitution Effect
Income Elasticity
18. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - suppliers increase their quantity supplied for that good
Substitution Effect
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Law of Supply
Absolute Advantage
19. The price of a good measured in units of currency
Absolute prices
Production function
Productive Efficiency
Comparative Advantage
20. Ei = (%dQd good X)/(%d Income)
Determinants of Labor Demand
Long Run
Income Elasticity
Excess Capacity
21. Ed < 1
Long Run
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Price inelastic demand
Normal Goods
22. All firms maximize profit by producing where MR = MC
Profit Maximizing Rule
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Non-collusive oligopoly
Production function
23. The ability to set the price above the perfectly competitive level
Perfectly elastic
Specialization
Production function
Market power
24. The practice of selling essentially the same good to different groups of consumers at different prices
Law of Increasing Costs
Four-firm concentration ratio
Substitute Goods
Price discrimination
25. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Law of Increasing Costs
Excess Capacity
Incidence of Tax
Absolute Advantage
26. A period of time long enough to alter the plant size. New firms can enter the industry and existing firms can liquidate and exit
Utility Maximizing Rule
Producer surplus
Implicit costs
Long Run
27. Ed > 1 - meaning consumers are price sensitive
Profit Maximizing Rule
Excess Capacity
Production function
Price elastic demand
28. The lost net benefit to society caused by a movement away from the competitive market equilibrium
Monopolistic competition
Excess Capacity
Dead Weight Loss
Perfectly inelastic
29. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms downward
Substitution Effect
Positive externality
Explicit costs
Decreasing Cost industry
30. The difference between the price received and the marginal cost of producing the good. It is the area above the supply curve and under the price
Economies of Scale
Producer surplus
Price discrimination
Total Revenue Test
31. Consumer income - prices of substitute and complementary goods - consumer tastes and preferences - consumer speculation - and number of buyers in the market all influence demand
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Increasing Cost Industry
Excise Tax
Determinants of Demand
32. AVC = TVC/Q
Unit elastic demand
Private goods
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
33. ATC = TC/Q = AFC + AVC
Break-even Point
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Average Total Cost (ATC)
34. Ex -y = (%dQd good X) / (%d Price Y). If Ex -y > 0 - goods X and Y are substitutes. If Ex -y < 0 - goods X and Y are complementary
Short run
Market power
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
35. For one good - constrained by prices and income - a consumer stops consuming a good when the price paid for the next unit is equal to the marginal benefit received
Long Run
Constrained Utility Maximization
Price elastic demand
Monopolistic competition
36. Total product divided by labor employed. APL = TPL/L
Determinants of Supply
Surplus
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Collusive oligopoly
37. A per unit tax on production results in a vertical shift in the supply curve by the amount of the tax
Excise Tax
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Positive externality
Relative Prices
38. Ed = 1
Monopoly
Constrained Utility Maximization
Price elastic demand
Unit elastic demand
39. 0 < Ei < 1
Price inelastic demand
Necessity
Productive Efficiency
Marginal tax rate
40. Costs that do not vary with changes in short-run output. They must be paid even when output is zero.
Productive Efficiency
Determinants of Supply
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Determinants of Demand
41. The combination of labor and capital that minimizes total costs for a given production rate. Hire L and K so that MPL / PL = MPK / PK or MPL/MPK = PL/PK
Least-Cost Rule
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Cartel
42. Product demand - productivity - prices of other resources - and complementary resources
Increasing Cost Industry
Monopolistic competition
Luxury
Determinants of Labor Demand
43. Pmc < MR = MC and Pmc > minimum ATC so outcome is not efficient - but profit = 0.
Natural Monopoly
Price floor
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
44. Goods that are both nonrival and nonexcludable. One person's consumption does not prevent another from also consuming that good and if it is provided to some - it is necessarily provided to all - even if they do not pay for that good
Substitution Effect
Spillover costs
Short run
Public goods
45. An economic system based upon the fundamentals of private property - freedom - self-interest - and prices
Constant cost industry
Collusive oligopoly
Price inelastic demand
Market Economy (Capitalism)
46. A period of time too short to change the size of the plant - but many other - more variable resources can be changed to meet demand
Monopoly
Short run
Law of Increasing Costs
Constrained Utility Maximization
47. Exists if a producer can produce a good at lower opportunity cost than all other producers
Explicit costs
Cartel
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Comparative Advantage
48. Total revenue rises with a price increase if demand is price inelastic and falls with a price increase if demand is price elastic
Monopoly
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Monopolistic competition
Total Revenue Test
49. Production of maximum output for a given level of technology and resources. All points on the PPF are productively efficient
Inferior Goods
Law of Increasing Costs
Determinants of Supply
Productive Efficiency
50. The output where AVC is minimized. If the price falls below this point - the firm chooses to shut down or produce zero units in the short run
Positive externality
Shutdown Point
Determinants of elasticity
Surplus