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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A market structure characterized by a few small firms producing a differentiated product with easy entry into the market
Monopolistic competition
Constant cost industry
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Implicit costs
2. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms upward
Increasing Cost Industry
Derived Demand
Fixed inputs
Determinants of Labor Demand
3. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Cartel
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Accounting Profit
Substitute Goods
4. The lost net benefit to society caused by a movement away from the competitive market equilibrium
Dead Weight Loss
Substitution Effect
Spillover costs
Profit Maximizing Rule
5. Costs of inputs - technology and productivity - taxes/subsidies - producer speculation - price of other goods that could be produced - and number of sellers all influence supply
Perfectly inelastic
Determinants of Supply
Price Elasticity of Supply
Break-even Point
6. Ed = 8 - infinite change in demand to price change
Substitution Effect
Perfectly inelastic
Perfectly elastic
Least-Cost Rule
7. An economic system based upon the fundamentals of private property - freedom - self-interest - and prices
Perfect competition
Unit elastic demand
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Market Economy (Capitalism)
8. The philosophy that a citizen should receive a share of economic resources proportional to the marginal revenue product of his or her productivity
Monopoly
Break-even Point
Increasing Cost Industry
Marginal Productivity Theory
9. A good for which higher income decreases demand
Monopolistic competition
Perfect competition
Inferior Goods
Absolute Advantage
10. The output where AVC is minimized. If the price falls below this point - the firm chooses to shut down or produce zero units in the short run
Positive externality
Law of Supply
Shutdown Point
Resources
11. 0 < Ei < 1
Oligopoly
Law of Increasing Costs
Necessity
Constrained Utility Maximization
12. The ability to set the price above the perfectly competitive level
Negative externality
Market power
Excess Capacity
Accounting Profit
13. A very diverse market structure characterized by a small number of interdependent large firms - producing a standardized or differentiated product in a market with a barrier to entry
Negative externality
Total Revenue Test
Allocative Efficiency
Oligopoly
14. Substitutes - cost as percentage of income - and time to adjust to price changes all influence price elasticity
Determinants of elasticity
Law of Increasing Costs
Normal Profit
Total Revenue Test
15. A measure of industry market power. Sum the market share of the four largest firms and a ratio above 40% is a good indicator of oligopoly
Private goods
Economic Profit
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Four-firm concentration ratio
16. Entry (or exit) of firms does not shift the cost curves of firms in the industry
Constant cost industry
Price elastic demand
Constrained Utility Maximization
Public goods
17. The difference between the monopolistic competition output Qmc and the output at minimum ATC. Excess capacity is underused plant and equipment
Excess Capacity
Determinants of Demand
Inferior Goods
Negative externality
18. Occurs when there is no more incentive for firms to enter or exit. P=MR=MC=ATC and profit = 0
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Cartel
Positive externality
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
19. The number of units of any other good Y that must be sacrificed to acquire good X. Only relative prices matter
Price Elasticity of Supply
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Economic Growth
Relative Prices
20. Ed < 1
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Explicit costs
Total variable costs (TVC)
Price inelastic demand
21. Exists when the production of a good creates utility for third parties not directly involved in the consumption of production of the good
Market power
Economics
Law of Increasing Costs
Positive externality
22. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - consumers decrease their quantity demanded for that good
Determinants of Demand
Law of Demand
Production function
Specialization
23. A period of time long enough to alter the plant size. New firms can enter the industry and existing firms can liquidate and exit
Long Run
Substitute Goods
Price floor
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
24. The downward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC falls as plan size increases. This is the result of specialization - lower cost of inputs - or other efficiencies of larger scale.
Price floor
Shutdown Point
Economies of Scale
Producer surplus
25. Models where firms are competitive rivals seeking to gain at the expense of their rivals
Non-collusive oligopoly
Producer surplus
Specialization
Inferior Goods
26. The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus
Dead Weight Loss
Constant Returns to Scale
Scarcity
Total Welfare
27. The additional benefit received from the consumption of the next unit of a good or service
Market Equilibrium
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Opportunity Cost
Perfectly elastic
28. Ei > 1
Total Revenue
Marginal Cost (MC)
Market power
Luxury
29. Es = (%dQs) / (%dPrice)
Productive Efficiency
Price Elasticity of Supply
Marginal Productivity Theory
Law of Supply
30. The difference between total revenue and total explicit and implicit costs
Economic Profit
Decreasing Cost industry
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Subsidy
31. AVC = TVC/Q
Inferior Goods
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Utility Maximizing Rule
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
32. The more of a good that is produced - the greater the opportunity cost of producing the next unit of that good
Economics
Price Ceiling
Law of Increasing Costs
Total Revenue
33. Demand for a resource like labor is derived from the demand for the goods produced by the resource
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Shortage
Derived Demand
Inferior Goods
34. Production inputs that the firm can adjust in the short run to meet changes in demand for their output. Often this is labor and/or raw materials
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Variable inputs
Total Revenue Test
Market Economy (Capitalism)
35. The case where economies of scale are so extensive that it is less costly for one firm to supply the entire range of demand
Short run
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Natural Monopoly
Average Product of Labor (APL)
36. The rational decision maker chooses an action if MB = MC
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Implicit costs
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Marginal Analysis
37. Indirect - non-purchased - or opportunity costs of resources provided by the entrepreneur
Economic Profit
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Luxury
Implicit costs
38. Total product divided by labor employed. APL = TPL/L
Absolute Advantage
Luxury
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Economies of Scale
39. Ed = 1
Unit elastic demand
Necessity
Short run
Four-firm concentration ratio
40. Ei = (%dQd good X)/(%d Income)
Market power
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Income Elasticity
Increasing Cost Industry
41. Excess supply; exists at a market price when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.
Price Elasticity of Supply
Surplus
Shutdown Point
Determinants of Supply
42. In the case of a public good - some members of the community know that they can consume the public good while others provide for it. This results in a lack of private funding and forces the government to provide it
Free-Rider Problem
Price floor
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
43. Direct - purchased - out-of-pocket costs paid to resource suppliers provided by the entrepreneur
Spillover benefits
Explicit costs
Short run
Monopolistic competition
44. TR = P * Qd
Break-even Point
Negative externality
Opportunity Cost
Total Revenue
45. Consumer income - prices of substitute and complementary goods - consumer tastes and preferences - consumer speculation - and number of buyers in the market all influence demand
Relative Prices
Price discrimination
Non-collusive oligopoly
Determinants of Demand
46. A period of time too short to change the size of the plant - but many other - more variable resources can be changed to meet demand
Total variable costs (TVC)
Short run
Price elasticity
Unit elastic demand
47. The marginal utility from consumption of more and more of that item falls over time
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Fixed inputs
Marginal Cost (MC)
48. A legal maximum price above which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent shortage
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Increasing Cost Industry
Total Revenue Test
Price Ceiling
49. When firms focus their resources on production of goods for which they have comparative advantage
Determinants of elasticity
Variable inputs
Specialization
Marginal Analysis
50. Ex -y = (%dQd good X) / (%d Price Y). If Ex -y > 0 - goods X and Y are substitutes. If Ex -y < 0 - goods X and Y are complementary
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Short run
Excise Tax
Marginal tax rate