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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ex -y = (%dQd good X) / (%d Price Y). If Ex -y > 0 - goods X and Y are substitutes. If Ex -y < 0 - goods X and Y are complementary
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Economies of Scale
Spillover benefits
Producer surplus
2. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Long Run
Free-Rider Problem
Accounting Profit
3. Models where firms are competitive rivals seeking to gain at the expense of their rivals
Price inelastic demand
Law of Demand
Non-collusive oligopoly
Marginal Analysis
4. Ei > 1
Luxury
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Diseconomies of Scale
Subsidy
5. A group of firms that agree not to compete with each other on the basis of price - production - or other competitive dimensions. Cartel members operate as a monopolist to maximize their joint profits
Public goods
Cartel
Price Ceiling
Fixed inputs
6. The imbalance between limited productive resources and unlimited human wants
Constant cost industry
Resources
Break-even Point
Scarcity
7. Total revenue rises with a price increase if demand is price inelastic and falls with a price increase if demand is price elastic
Total Revenue Test
Consumer surplus
Economic Growth
Surplus
8. A market structure characterized by a few small firms producing a differentiated product with easy entry into the market
Excess Capacity
Least-Cost Rule
Monopolistic competition
Total Revenue Test
9. Excess demand; a shortage exists at a market price when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied
Shortage
Four-firm concentration ratio
Normal Goods
Increasing Cost Industry
10. Another way of saying that firms are earning zero economic profits or a fair rate of return on invested resources
Total Revenue
Relative Prices
Normal Profit
Resources
11. Ed > 1 - meaning consumers are price sensitive
Marginal Productivity Theory
Determinants of Demand
Derived Demand
Price elastic demand
12. The additional cost incurred from the consumption of the next unit of a good or a service
Marginal Cost (MC)
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Complementary Goods
Price Ceiling
13. The most desirable alternative given up as the result of a decision
Price inelastic demand
Absolute prices
Price Elasticity of Supply
Opportunity Cost
14. Exists when the production of a good imposes disutility upon third parties not directly involved in the consumption or production of the good
Non-collusive oligopoly
Negative externality
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Determinants of Demand
15. Occurs when an economy's production possibilities increase. This can be a result of more resources - better resources - or improvements in technology.
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Inferior Goods
Economic Growth
Market Economy (Capitalism)
16. TR = P * Qd
Economic Profit
Implicit costs
Demand for Labor
Total Revenue
17. The change in total product resulting from a change in the labor input. MPL = dTPL/dL - or the slope of total product
Resources
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Increasing Cost Industry
Specialization
18. Two goods are consumer substitutes if they provide essentially the same utility to consumers
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Increasing Cost Industry
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Substitute Goods
19. Ed = (%dQd)/(%dP). Ignore negative sign
Price elasticity
Diseconomies of Scale
Constrained Utility Maximization
Shutdown Point
20. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Productive Efficiency
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Complementary Goods
Absolute Advantage
21. The difference between the monopolistic competition output Qmc and the output at minimum ATC. Excess capacity is underused plant and equipment
Luxury
Price Elasticity of Supply
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Excess Capacity
22. Direct - purchased - out-of-pocket costs paid to resource suppliers provided by the entrepreneur
Demand for Labor
Explicit costs
Private goods
Total Revenue
23. Costs of inputs - technology and productivity - taxes/subsidies - producer speculation - price of other goods that could be produced - and number of sellers all influence supply
Determinants of Labor Demand
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Marginal Analysis
Determinants of Supply
24. A good for which higher income decreases demand
Total Revenue
Normal Goods
Implicit costs
Inferior Goods
25. Pm > MR = MC - which is not allocatively efficient and dead weight loss exists. Pm > ATC - which is not productively efficient. Profit > 0 so consumer surplus is transferred to the monopolist as profit
Fixed inputs
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Spillover costs
Explicit costs
26. Es = (%dQs) / (%dPrice)
Free-Rider Problem
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Price Elasticity of Supply
Complementary Goods
27. Goods that are both nonrival and nonexcludable. One person's consumption does not prevent another from also consuming that good and if it is provided to some - it is necessarily provided to all - even if they do not pay for that good
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Public goods
Constant Returns to Scale
Specialization
28. The difference between the price received and the marginal cost of producing the good. It is the area above the supply curve and under the price
Determinants of Demand
Producer surplus
Productive Efficiency
Diseconomies of Scale
29. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms downward
Marginal Analysis
Constrained Utility Maximization
Inferior Goods
Decreasing Cost industry
30. Exists when the production of a good creates utility for third parties not directly involved in the consumption of production of the good
Positive externality
Determinants of Supply
Derived Demand
Substitution Effect
31. In the case of a public good - some members of the community know that they can consume the public good while others provide for it. This results in a lack of private funding and forces the government to provide it
Marginal Cost (MC)
Free-Rider Problem
Subsidy
Income Elasticity
32. Product demand - productivity - prices of other resources - and complementary resources
Determinants of Labor Demand
Scarcity
Economic Growth
Marginal Cost (MC)
33. Indirect - non-purchased - or opportunity costs of resources provided by the entrepreneur
Implicit costs
Law of Demand
Spillover benefits
Law of Supply
34. The additional benefit received from the consumption of the next unit of a good or service
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Absolute prices
Substitute Goods
Positive externality
35. A good for which higher income increases demand
Normal Goods
Marginal Productivity Theory
Least-Cost Rule
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
36. Measures the cost the firm incurs from using an additional unit of input. In a perfectly competitive labor market - MRC = Wage. In a monopsony labor market - the MRC > Wage
Constant Returns to Scale
Perfect competition
Break-even Point
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
37. The output where ATC is minimized and economic profit is zero
Collusive oligopoly
Implicit costs
Break-even Point
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
38. The output where AVC is minimized. If the price falls below this point - the firm chooses to shut down or produce zero units in the short run
Price floor
Shutdown Point
Determinants of Supply
Diseconomies of Scale
39. Has opposite effect of an excise tax - as it lowers the marginal cost of production - forcing the supply curve down
Surplus
Accounting Profit
Subsidy
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
40. When firms focus their resources on production of goods for which they have comparative advantage
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Specialization
Public goods
Monopoly
41. Costs that change with the level of output. If output is zero - so are TVCs.
Positive externality
Utility Maximizing Rule
Shortage
Total variable costs (TVC)
42. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Total Welfare
Incidence of Tax
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Average Product of Labor (APL)
43. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - suppliers increase their quantity supplied for that good
Economies of Scale
Spillover costs
Law of Supply
Price inelastic demand
44. AVC = TVC/Q
Marginal Cost (MC)
Income Elasticity
Perfect competition
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
45. Additional costs to society not captured by the market supply curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too low and a market quantity that is too high. Resources are overallocated to the production of this good
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Spillover costs
Economic Growth
Price Ceiling
46. The firm hires the profit maximizing amount of a resource at the point where MRP = MRC
Profit Maximizing Rule
Production function
Least-Cost Rule
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
47. Ed = 0 - no response to price change
Perfectly inelastic
Price discrimination
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Fixed inputs
48. Factors of production - 4 categories: labor - physical capital - land/natural resources - and entrepreneurial ability
Resources
Economics
Market Equilibrium
Short run
49. A very diverse market structure characterized by a small number of interdependent large firms - producing a standardized or differentiated product in a market with a barrier to entry
Oligopoly
Perfectly inelastic
Comparative Advantage
Productive Efficiency
50. The philosophy that a citizen should receive a share of economic resources proportional to the marginal revenue product of his or her productivity
Economies of Scale
Price elasticity
Law of Increasing Costs
Marginal Productivity Theory