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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms downward
Monopoly
Decreasing Cost industry
Positive externality
Productive Efficiency
2. Indirect - non-purchased - or opportunity costs of resources provided by the entrepreneur
Long Run
Natural Monopoly
Free-Rider Problem
Implicit costs
3. A very diverse market structure characterized by a small number of interdependent large firms - producing a standardized or differentiated product in a market with a barrier to entry
Monopoly
Total Revenue Test
Oligopoly
Perfectly elastic
4. The practice of selling essentially the same good to different groups of consumers at different prices
Increasing Cost Industry
Price discrimination
Incidence of Tax
Economic Growth
5. The mechanism for combining production resources - with existing technology - into finished goods and services
Opportunity Cost
Excise Tax
Production function
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
6. A firm that has market power in the factor market (a wage-setter)
Demand for Labor
Economic Profit
Monopsonist
Total variable costs (TVC)
7. The difference between your willingness to pay and the price you actually pay. It is the area below the demand curve and above the price
Utility Maximizing Rule
Economic Growth
Luxury
Consumer surplus
8. Total revenue rises with a price increase if demand is price inelastic and falls with a price increase if demand is price elastic
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Total Revenue Test
Spillover benefits
Decreasing Cost industry
9. The downward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC falls as plan size increases. This is the result of specialization - lower cost of inputs - or other efficiencies of larger scale.
Non-collusive oligopoly
Market Equilibrium
Economies of Scale
Excise Tax
10. A legal maximum price above which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent shortage
Total Revenue
Law of Increasing Costs
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Price Ceiling
11. Pmc < MR = MC and Pmc > minimum ATC so outcome is not efficient - but profit = 0.
Price elastic demand
Positive externality
Comparative Advantage
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
12. Ed < 1
Spillover costs
Natural Monopoly
Price inelastic demand
Total variable costs (TVC)
13. The rate paid on the last dollar earned. This is found by taking the ratio of the change in taxes divided by the change in income
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Price discrimination
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Marginal tax rate
14. The difference between total revenue and total explicit and implicit costs
Private goods
Subsidy
Economic Profit
Total Revenue
15. Occurs when LRAC is constant over a variety of plant sizes
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Constant cost industry
Excise Tax
Constant Returns to Scale
16. MUx / Px = MUy/Py or MUx/MUy = Px/Py
Determinants of Supply
Monopoly
Price Ceiling
Utility Maximizing Rule
17. Exists if a producer can produce a good at lower opportunity cost than all other producers
Four-firm concentration ratio
Law of Supply
Productive Efficiency
Comparative Advantage
18. Measures the cost the firm incurs from using an additional unit of input. In a perfectly competitive labor market - MRC = Wage. In a monopsony labor market - the MRC > Wage
Normal Profit
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Opportunity Cost
Market Equilibrium
19. A good for which higher income increases demand
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Perfect competition
Normal Goods
Absolute prices
20. Ed > 1 - meaning consumers are price sensitive
Price inelastic demand
Price elastic demand
Monopoly
Constrained Utility Maximization
21. A good for which higher income decreases demand
Inferior Goods
Marginal Productivity Theory
Monopoly
Subsidy
22. When firms focus their resources on production of goods for which they have comparative advantage
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Specialization
Decreasing Cost industry
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
23. The least competitive market structure - characterized by a single producer - with no close substitutes - barriers to entry - and price making power
Monopoly
Absolute prices
Market power
Substitute Goods
24. AVC = TVC/Q
Short run
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Explicit costs
Surplus
25. Consumer income - prices of substitute and complementary goods - consumer tastes and preferences - consumer speculation - and number of buyers in the market all influence demand
Determinants of Demand
Natural Monopoly
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Fixed inputs
26. The rational decision maker chooses an action if MB = MC
Total Revenue
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Marginal Analysis
Monopsonist
27. The imbalance between limited productive resources and unlimited human wants
Consumer surplus
Economics
Price discrimination
Scarcity
28. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Decreasing Cost industry
Incidence of Tax
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Price elasticity
29. Factors of production - 4 categories: labor - physical capital - land/natural resources - and entrepreneurial ability
Price inelastic demand
Determinants of Labor Demand
Resources
Normal Profit
30. Labor demand for the firm is MRPL curve. The labor demanded for the entire market DL = ?MRPL of all firms
Demand for Labor
Law of Demand
Derived Demand
Determinants of elasticity
31. Occurs when an economy's production possibilities increase. This can be a result of more resources - better resources - or improvements in technology.
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Price inelastic demand
Economic Growth
Utility Maximizing Rule
32. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - suppliers increase their quantity supplied for that good
Law of Supply
Price Elasticity of Supply
Determinants of Labor Demand
Monopoly
33. The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus
Variable inputs
Total Welfare
Opportunity Cost
Price Elasticity of Supply
34. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Price floor
Price Ceiling
Non-collusive oligopoly
Complementary Goods
35. Additional costs to society not captured by the market supply curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too low and a market quantity that is too high. Resources are overallocated to the production of this good
Marginal Cost (MC)
Determinants of elasticity
Spillover costs
Market power
36. The change in quantity demanded that results from a change in the consumer's purchasing power (or real income)
Income Effect
Spillover benefits
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Relative Prices
37. Exists when the production of a good imposes disutility upon third parties not directly involved in the consumption or production of the good
Negative externality
Monopolistic competition
Marginal Productivity Theory
Absolute Advantage
38. The output where AVC is minimized. If the price falls below this point - the firm chooses to shut down or produce zero units in the short run
Price discrimination
Absolute prices
Shutdown Point
Total Welfare
39. A period of time long enough to alter the plant size. New firms can enter the industry and existing firms can liquidate and exit
Long Run
Accounting Profit
Natural Monopoly
Increasing Cost Industry
40. The additional benefit received from the consumption of the next unit of a good or service
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Explicit costs
Positive externality
Break-even Point
41. Goods that are both rival and excludable. Only one person can consume the good at a time and consumers who do not pay for the good are excluded from consumption
Negative externality
Diseconomies of Scale
Private goods
Implicit costs
42. Two goods are consumer substitutes if they provide essentially the same utility to consumers
Allocative Efficiency
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Substitute Goods
Free-Rider Problem
43. Exists when the production of a good creates utility for third parties not directly involved in the consumption of production of the good
Short run
Positive externality
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Economies of Scale
44. Production inputs that cannot be changed in the short run. Usually this is the plant size or capital
Break-even Point
Unit elastic demand
Fixed inputs
Excise Tax
45. In the case of a public good - some members of the community know that they can consume the public good while others provide for it. This results in a lack of private funding and forces the government to provide it
Free-Rider Problem
Price discrimination
Total Revenue Test
Four-firm concentration ratio
46. The change in quantity demanded resulting from a change in the price of one good relative to other goods
Demand for Labor
Substitution Effect
Shortage
Fixed inputs
47. The most desirable alternative given up as the result of a decision
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Negative externality
Spillover benefits
Opportunity Cost
48. Production of maximum output for a given level of technology and resources. All points on the PPF are productively efficient
Price Ceiling
Productive Efficiency
Long Run
Shutdown Point
49. A group of firms that agree not to compete with each other on the basis of price - production - or other competitive dimensions. Cartel members operate as a monopolist to maximize their joint profits
Determinants of Demand
Law of Increasing Costs
Constant Returns to Scale
Cartel
50. Exists at the point where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded
Accounting Profit
Market Equilibrium
Incidence of Tax
Public goods