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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
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Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The downward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC falls as plan size increases. This is the result of specialization - lower cost of inputs - or other efficiencies of larger scale.
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Least-Cost Rule
Economies of Scale
2. Total product divided by labor employed. APL = TPL/L
Variable inputs
Incidence of Tax
Perfectly inelastic
Average Product of Labor (APL)
3. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Accounting Profit
Positive externality
Monopoly
4. Consumer income - prices of substitute and complementary goods - consumer tastes and preferences - consumer speculation - and number of buyers in the market all influence demand
Market power
Collusive oligopoly
Perfectly inelastic
Determinants of Demand
5. The study of how people - firms - and societies use their scarce productive resources to best satisfy their unlimited material wants.
Subsidy
Economics
Private goods
Dead Weight Loss
6. Goods that are both nonrival and nonexcludable. One person's consumption does not prevent another from also consuming that good and if it is provided to some - it is necessarily provided to all - even if they do not pay for that good
Public goods
Short run
Break-even Point
Necessity
7. Labor demand for the firm is MRPL curve. The labor demanded for the entire market DL = ?MRPL of all firms
Spillover costs
Price discrimination
Market power
Demand for Labor
8. Costs that do not vary with changes in short-run output. They must be paid even when output is zero.
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Market Equilibrium
Four-firm concentration ratio
Total variable costs (TVC)
9. Ed < 1
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Allocative Efficiency
Price inelastic demand
Normal Profit
10. The mechanism for combining production resources - with existing technology - into finished goods and services
Normal Profit
Market Equilibrium
Production function
Price discrimination
11. Models where firms are competitive rivals seeking to gain at the expense of their rivals
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Shutdown Point
Non-collusive oligopoly
12. The most desirable alternative given up as the result of a decision
Opportunity Cost
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Unit elastic demand
Constant cost industry
13. The upward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC rises as plant size increases. This is usually the result of the increased difficulty of managing larger firms - which results in lost efficiency and rising per unit costs.
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Positive externality
Least-Cost Rule
Diseconomies of Scale
14. Ed > 1 - meaning consumers are price sensitive
Marginal Productivity Theory
Demand for Labor
Price elastic demand
Total Revenue Test
15. Additional benefits to society not captured by the market demand curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too high and a market quantity that is too low. Resources are underallocated to the production of this good
Spillover benefits
Price elasticity
Marginal Cost (MC)
Market Equilibrium
16. Measures the value of what the next unit of a resource (e.g. - labor) brings to the firm. MRPL = MR x MPL. In a perfectly competitive product market - MRPL = P x MPL. In a monopoly product market - MR < P so MRPm < MRPc.
Oligopoly
Perfectly elastic
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Price elastic demand
17. Costs of inputs - technology and productivity - taxes/subsidies - producer speculation - price of other goods that could be produced - and number of sellers all influence supply
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Determinants of Supply
Unit elastic demand
18. Exists when the production of a good imposes disutility upon third parties not directly involved in the consumption or production of the good
Substitute Goods
Negative externality
Dead Weight Loss
Consumer surplus
19. Ed = (%dQd)/(%dP). Ignore negative sign
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Income Effect
Determinants of Supply
Price elasticity
20. Two goods are consumer substitutes if they provide essentially the same utility to consumers
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Economic Growth
Substitute Goods
21. Demand for a resource like labor is derived from the demand for the goods produced by the resource
Cartel
Excise Tax
Derived Demand
Absolute prices
22. Exists if a producer can produce a good at lower opportunity cost than all other producers
Price Elasticity of Supply
Absolute prices
Comparative Advantage
Opportunity Cost
23. A per unit tax on production results in a vertical shift in the supply curve by the amount of the tax
Excise Tax
Absolute Advantage
Monopsonist
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
24. Excess supply; exists at a market price when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.
Surplus
Comparative Advantage
Perfectly inelastic
Luxury
25. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Incidence of Tax
Public goods
Comparative Advantage
Luxury
26. Ex -y = (%dQd good X) / (%d Price Y). If Ex -y > 0 - goods X and Y are substitutes. If Ex -y < 0 - goods X and Y are complementary
Spillover benefits
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Marginal Benefit (MB)
27. Goods that are both rival and excludable. Only one person can consume the good at a time and consumers who do not pay for the good are excluded from consumption
Private goods
Law of Increasing Costs
Total Revenue
Total Welfare
28. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms upward
Shutdown Point
Opportunity Cost
Increasing Cost Industry
Constrained Utility Maximization
29. TR = P * Qd
Total Revenue
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Complementary Goods
Implicit costs
30. Costs that change with the level of output. If output is zero - so are TVCs.
Subsidy
Marginal Cost (MC)
Income Effect
Total variable costs (TVC)
31. The rational decision maker chooses an action if MB = MC
Scarcity
Marginal Analysis
Collusive oligopoly
Inferior Goods
32. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Complementary Goods
Production function
Public goods
Incidence of Tax
33. All firms maximize profit by producing where MR = MC
Profit Maximizing Rule
Subsidy
Economics
Constant Returns to Scale
34. Occurs when there is no more incentive for firms to enter or exit. P=MR=MC=ATC and profit = 0
Shutdown Point
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Explicit costs
35. Exists at the point where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded
Market Equilibrium
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Substitution Effect
Accounting Profit
36. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - consumers decrease their quantity demanded for that good
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Law of Demand
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Constrained Utility Maximization
37. Exists if a producer can produce more of a good than all other producers
Economics
Inferior Goods
Relative Prices
Absolute Advantage
38. Another way of saying that firms are earning zero economic profits or a fair rate of return on invested resources
Normal Profit
Producer surplus
Marginal Analysis
Specialization
39. For one good - constrained by prices and income - a consumer stops consuming a good when the price paid for the next unit is equal to the marginal benefit received
Inferior Goods
Relative Prices
Economics
Constrained Utility Maximization
40. The additional benefit received from the consumption of the next unit of a good or service
Public goods
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Opportunity Cost
Marginal Benefit (MB)
41. The practice of selling essentially the same good to different groups of consumers at different prices
Decreasing Cost industry
Price discrimination
Unit elastic demand
Derived Demand
42. The ability to set the price above the perfectly competitive level
Absolute prices
Monopolistic competition
Price Ceiling
Market power
43. Additional costs to society not captured by the market supply curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too low and a market quantity that is too high. Resources are overallocated to the production of this good
Substitution Effect
Spillover costs
Monopolistic competition
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
44. An economic system based upon the fundamentals of private property - freedom - self-interest - and prices
Constant cost industry
Least-Cost Rule
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Oligopoly
45. A very diverse market structure characterized by a small number of interdependent large firms - producing a standardized or differentiated product in a market with a barrier to entry
Subsidy
Oligopoly
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Perfectly inelastic
46. Ei > 1
Producer surplus
Price floor
Luxury
Determinants of Labor Demand
47. The change in quantity demanded that results from a change in the consumer's purchasing power (or real income)
Income Effect
Unit elastic demand
Substitute Goods
Utility Maximizing Rule
48. MUx / Px = MUy/Py or MUx/MUy = Px/Py
Negative externality
Non-collusive oligopoly
Utility Maximizing Rule
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
49. The lost net benefit to society caused by a movement away from the competitive market equilibrium
Income Elasticity
Dead Weight Loss
Excess Capacity
Specialization
50. The additional cost incurred from the consumption of the next unit of a good or a service
Marginal Cost (MC)
Economic Growth
Collusive oligopoly
Substitute Goods