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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
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Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - suppliers increase their quantity supplied for that good
Opportunity Cost
Monopsonist
Law of Supply
Excess Capacity
2. A firm that has market power in the factor market (a wage-setter)
Monopsonist
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Marginal tax rate
Break-even Point
3. The change in total product resulting from a change in the labor input. MPL = dTPL/dL - or the slope of total product
Collusive oligopoly
Break-even Point
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Marginal Productivity Theory
4. A group of firms that agree not to compete with each other on the basis of price - production - or other competitive dimensions. Cartel members operate as a monopolist to maximize their joint profits
Short run
Income Elasticity
Increasing Cost Industry
Cartel
5. Factors of production - 4 categories: labor - physical capital - land/natural resources - and entrepreneurial ability
Absolute Advantage
Substitute Goods
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Resources
6. The philosophy that a citizen should receive a share of economic resources proportional to the marginal revenue product of his or her productivity
Shutdown Point
Implicit costs
Marginal Productivity Theory
Price Ceiling
7. Occurs when there is no more incentive for firms to enter or exit. P=MR=MC=ATC and profit = 0
Non-collusive oligopoly
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Long Run
Monopsonist
8. The change in quantity demanded resulting from a change in the price of one good relative to other goods
Relative Prices
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Substitution Effect
Excise Tax
9. Costs that do not vary with changes in short-run output. They must be paid even when output is zero.
Price Ceiling
Economies of Scale
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Price inelastic demand
10. Pmc < MR = MC and Pmc > minimum ATC so outcome is not efficient - but profit = 0.
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Utility Maximizing Rule
Positive externality
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
11. Production of the combination of goods and services that provides the most net benefit to society. The optimal quantity of a good is achieved when the MB = MC of the next unit and only occurs at one point on the PPF
Price discrimination
Allocative Efficiency
Producer surplus
Law of Supply
12. The total quantity - or total output of a good produced at each quantity of labor employed
Market power
Price floor
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
13. Entry (or exit) of firms does not shift the cost curves of firms in the industry
Marginal Productivity Theory
Producer surplus
Constant cost industry
Luxury
14. The change in quantity demanded that results from a change in the consumer's purchasing power (or real income)
Market power
Constant Returns to Scale
Determinants of elasticity
Income Effect
15. The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Price inelastic demand
Allocative Efficiency
Total Welfare
16. In the case of a public good - some members of the community know that they can consume the public good while others provide for it. This results in a lack of private funding and forces the government to provide it
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Excise Tax
Free-Rider Problem
Diseconomies of Scale
17. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Complementary Goods
Surplus
Market power
Income Elasticity
18. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Accounting Profit
Total variable costs (TVC)
Total Revenue Test
Scarcity
19. Exists when the production of a good creates utility for third parties not directly involved in the consumption of production of the good
Income Elasticity
Luxury
Positive externality
Necessity
20. Ed = 0 - no response to price change
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Positive externality
Resources
Perfectly inelastic
21. Ed = (%dQd)/(%dP). Ignore negative sign
Economic Profit
Monopsonist
Price elasticity
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
22. Exists at the point where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Market Equilibrium
Opportunity Cost
Determinants of Supply
23. All firms maximize profit by producing where MR = MC
Shortage
Absolute Advantage
Marginal Productivity Theory
Profit Maximizing Rule
24. Substitutes - cost as percentage of income - and time to adjust to price changes all influence price elasticity
Production function
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Determinants of elasticity
Consumer surplus
25. Characterized by many small price-taking firms producing a standardized product in an industry in which there are no barriers to entry or exit
Perfect competition
Variable inputs
Consumer surplus
Monopsonist
26. For one good - constrained by prices and income - a consumer stops consuming a good when the price paid for the next unit is equal to the marginal benefit received
Constrained Utility Maximization
Derived Demand
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Law of Supply
27. Two goods are consumer substitutes if they provide essentially the same utility to consumers
Marginal Cost (MC)
Substitute Goods
Shortage
Explicit costs
28. The output where AVC is minimized. If the price falls below this point - the firm chooses to shut down or produce zero units in the short run
Total Revenue Test
Production function
Shutdown Point
Variable inputs
29. Ex -y = (%dQd good X) / (%d Price Y). If Ex -y > 0 - goods X and Y are substitutes. If Ex -y < 0 - goods X and Y are complementary
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Price Ceiling
Price inelastic demand
Marginal Analysis
30. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms downward
Necessity
Decreasing Cost industry
Cartel
Constant cost industry
31. Goods that are both nonrival and nonexcludable. One person's consumption does not prevent another from also consuming that good and if it is provided to some - it is necessarily provided to all - even if they do not pay for that good
Explicit costs
Four-firm concentration ratio
Public goods
Normal Goods
32. Es = (%dQs) / (%dPrice)
Price Elasticity of Supply
Constrained Utility Maximization
Accounting Profit
Average Product of Labor (APL)
33. A good for which higher income decreases demand
Inferior Goods
Scarcity
Substitute Goods
Opportunity Cost
34. Models where firms are competitive rivals seeking to gain at the expense of their rivals
Economic Profit
Opportunity Cost
Non-collusive oligopoly
Price elastic demand
35. A legal maximum price above which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent shortage
Private goods
Economics
Economies of Scale
Price Ceiling
36. The difference between your willingness to pay and the price you actually pay. It is the area below the demand curve and above the price
Negative externality
Consumer surplus
Marginal Analysis
Oligopoly
37. The output where ATC is minimized and economic profit is zero
Substitution Effect
Break-even Point
Oligopoly
Monopolistic competition
38. Consumer income - prices of substitute and complementary goods - consumer tastes and preferences - consumer speculation - and number of buyers in the market all influence demand
Inferior Goods
Determinants of Demand
Price inelastic demand
Normal Profit
39. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - consumers decrease their quantity demanded for that good
Price Ceiling
Incidence of Tax
Law of Demand
Economic Profit
40. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Incidence of Tax
Producer surplus
Marginal Analysis
Total variable costs (TVC)
41. The more of a good that is produced - the greater the opportunity cost of producing the next unit of that good
Long Run
Law of Increasing Costs
Producer surplus
Law of Demand
42. Ed = 1
Unit elastic demand
Natural Monopoly
Spillover benefits
Economic Profit
43. Excess supply; exists at a market price when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.
Economics
Monopolistic competition
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Surplus
44. Models where firms agree to mutually improve their situation
Market power
Incidence of Tax
Monopoly
Collusive oligopoly
45. An economic system based upon the fundamentals of private property - freedom - self-interest - and prices
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Long Run
Price elastic demand
Total Revenue
46. TR = P * Qd
Law of Increasing Costs
Utility Maximizing Rule
Surplus
Total Revenue
47. The difference between the price received and the marginal cost of producing the good. It is the area above the supply curve and under the price
Collusive oligopoly
Producer surplus
Least-Cost Rule
Long Run
48. The difference between total revenue and total explicit and implicit costs
Price discrimination
Market Equilibrium
Economic Profit
Utility Maximizing Rule
49. AFC = TFC/Q
Economics
Long Run
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Average Product of Labor (APL)
50. The marginal utility from consumption of more and more of that item falls over time
Constant cost industry
Break-even Point
Public goods
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility