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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The most desirable alternative given up as the result of a decision
Opportunity Cost
Normal Goods
Producer surplus
Law of Demand
2. A period of time too short to change the size of the plant - but many other - more variable resources can be changed to meet demand
Incidence of Tax
Excess Capacity
Subsidy
Short run
3. Exists at the point where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded
Market Equilibrium
Subsidy
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Constant Returns to Scale
4. The least competitive market structure - characterized by a single producer - with no close substitutes - barriers to entry - and price making power
Incidence of Tax
Monopoly
Cartel
Derived Demand
5. Ed = 0 - no response to price change
Spillover benefits
Income Elasticity
Shortage
Perfectly inelastic
6. Indirect - non-purchased - or opportunity costs of resources provided by the entrepreneur
Determinants of Labor Demand
Shutdown Point
Opportunity Cost
Implicit costs
7. Two goods are consumer substitutes if they provide essentially the same utility to consumers
Substitute Goods
Law of Demand
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Free-Rider Problem
8. Production inputs that cannot be changed in the short run. Usually this is the plant size or capital
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Profit Maximizing Rule
Fixed inputs
Marginal Benefit (MB)
9. Models where firms are competitive rivals seeking to gain at the expense of their rivals
Excess Capacity
Non-collusive oligopoly
Monopoly
Market power
10. The additional benefit received from the consumption of the next unit of a good or service
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Fixed inputs
Absolute prices
11. The case where economies of scale are so extensive that it is less costly for one firm to supply the entire range of demand
Natural Monopoly
Necessity
Short run
Income Effect
12. A per unit tax on production results in a vertical shift in the supply curve by the amount of the tax
Excise Tax
Demand for Labor
Price discrimination
Least-Cost Rule
13. The difference between your willingness to pay and the price you actually pay. It is the area below the demand curve and above the price
Consumer surplus
Price inelastic demand
Total Welfare
Productive Efficiency
14. When firms focus their resources on production of goods for which they have comparative advantage
Monopoly
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Specialization
Absolute prices
15. Ed < 1
Price inelastic demand
Production function
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
16. Es = (%dQs) / (%dPrice)
Price Elasticity of Supply
Productive Efficiency
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Spillover benefits
17. 0 < Ei < 1
Necessity
Monopolistic competition
Constrained Utility Maximization
Monopoly
18. Pmc < MR = MC and Pmc > minimum ATC so outcome is not efficient - but profit = 0.
Determinants of Labor Demand
Break-even Point
Price Elasticity of Supply
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
19. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Market power
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Price Elasticity of Supply
Incidence of Tax
20. MUx / Px = MUy/Py or MUx/MUy = Px/Py
Utility Maximizing Rule
Surplus
Price elastic demand
Price discrimination
21. The practice of selling essentially the same good to different groups of consumers at different prices
Economies of Scale
Price discrimination
Relative Prices
Break-even Point
22. Exists if a producer can produce more of a good than all other producers
Constrained Utility Maximization
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Absolute Advantage
Surplus
23. AFC = TFC/Q
Spillover benefits
Marginal tax rate
Private goods
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
24. The change in quantity demanded resulting from a change in the price of one good relative to other goods
Determinants of Demand
Short run
Substitution Effect
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
25. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - suppliers increase their quantity supplied for that good
Four-firm concentration ratio
Production function
Public goods
Law of Supply
26. Measures the cost the firm incurs from using an additional unit of input. In a perfectly competitive labor market - MRC = Wage. In a monopsony labor market - the MRC > Wage
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Comparative Advantage
Price elasticity
27. In the case of a public good - some members of the community know that they can consume the public good while others provide for it. This results in a lack of private funding and forces the government to provide it
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Comparative Advantage
Marginal tax rate
Free-Rider Problem
28. ATC = TC/Q = AFC + AVC
Resources
Income Effect
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Price floor
29. The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus
Fixed inputs
Necessity
Constant cost industry
Total Welfare
30. Characterized by many small price-taking firms producing a standardized product in an industry in which there are no barriers to entry or exit
Marginal tax rate
Determinants of Supply
Perfect competition
Normal Profit
31. Occurs when there is no more incentive for firms to enter or exit. P=MR=MC=ATC and profit = 0
Derived Demand
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Break-even Point
Income Effect
32. Ed = 1
Oligopoly
Unit elastic demand
Non-collusive oligopoly
Income Elasticity
33. The additional cost incurred from the consumption of the next unit of a good or a service
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Marginal Cost (MC)
Non-collusive oligopoly
Economies of Scale
34. All firms maximize profit by producing where MR = MC
Spillover benefits
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Profit Maximizing Rule
Total Revenue
35. The rational decision maker chooses an action if MB = MC
Subsidy
Necessity
Increasing Cost Industry
Marginal Analysis
36. Occurs when an economy's production possibilities increase. This can be a result of more resources - better resources - or improvements in technology.
Break-even Point
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Economic Growth
Surplus
37. A market structure characterized by a few small firms producing a differentiated product with easy entry into the market
Opportunity Cost
Public goods
Substitution Effect
Monopolistic competition
38. Occurs when LRAC is constant over a variety of plant sizes
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Constant Returns to Scale
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Productive Efficiency
39. Exists when the production of a good imposes disutility upon third parties not directly involved in the consumption or production of the good
Four-firm concentration ratio
Negative externality
Price elastic demand
Price floor
40. The change in total product resulting from a change in the labor input. MPL = dTPL/dL - or the slope of total product
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Dead Weight Loss
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Specialization
41. AVC = TVC/Q
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Normal Profit
Producer surplus
Break-even Point
42. Excess demand; a shortage exists at a market price when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied
Income Effect
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Shortage
Market Equilibrium
43. Has opposite effect of an excise tax - as it lowers the marginal cost of production - forcing the supply curve down
Market power
Subsidy
Free-Rider Problem
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
44. The lost net benefit to society caused by a movement away from the competitive market equilibrium
Dead Weight Loss
Price Elasticity of Supply
Constant Returns to Scale
Total Revenue
45. A legal maximum price above which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent shortage
Economics
Four-firm concentration ratio
Price Ceiling
Constrained Utility Maximization
46. The philosophy that a citizen should receive a share of economic resources proportional to the marginal revenue product of his or her productivity
Determinants of Supply
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Marginal Productivity Theory
Price elasticity
47. Ed = 8 - infinite change in demand to price change
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Perfectly elastic
Total Welfare
Price floor
48. Labor demand for the firm is MRPL curve. The labor demanded for the entire market DL = ?MRPL of all firms
Demand for Labor
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Total Revenue
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
49. Total revenue rises with a price increase if demand is price inelastic and falls with a price increase if demand is price elastic
Dead Weight Loss
Total Revenue Test
Income Effect
Collusive oligopoly
50. The number of units of any other good Y that must be sacrificed to acquire good X. Only relative prices matter
Total Revenue
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Implicit costs
Relative Prices