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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Es = (%dQs) / (%dPrice)
Price Elasticity of Supply
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Economic Growth
2. A period of time too short to change the size of the plant - but many other - more variable resources can be changed to meet demand
Short run
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Absolute Advantage
Perfectly elastic
3. A legal maximum price above which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent shortage
Variable inputs
Total variable costs (TVC)
Price Ceiling
Price discrimination
4. Ed < 1
Price inelastic demand
Monopolistic competition
Determinants of Supply
Diseconomies of Scale
5. Exists if a producer can produce a good at lower opportunity cost than all other producers
Comparative Advantage
Shutdown Point
Excise Tax
Perfectly elastic
6. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Public goods
Derived Demand
Incidence of Tax
Negative externality
7. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Price floor
Break-even Point
Complementary Goods
Total variable costs (TVC)
8. AVC = TVC/Q
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Substitution Effect
Utility Maximizing Rule
Producer surplus
9. Labor demand for the firm is MRPL curve. The labor demanded for the entire market DL = ?MRPL of all firms
Demand for Labor
Diseconomies of Scale
Income Effect
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
10. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Accounting Profit
Break-even Point
Resources
Producer surplus
11. Additional benefits to society not captured by the market demand curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too high and a market quantity that is too low. Resources are underallocated to the production of this good
Spillover benefits
Scarcity
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
12. Production inputs that cannot be changed in the short run. Usually this is the plant size or capital
Short run
Absolute prices
Fixed inputs
Relative Prices
13. The combination of labor and capital that minimizes total costs for a given production rate. Hire L and K so that MPL / PL = MPK / PK or MPL/MPK = PL/PK
Accounting Profit
Least-Cost Rule
Natural Monopoly
Perfect competition
14. Ed = 0 - no response to price change
Luxury
Perfectly inelastic
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Surplus
15. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms upward
Total Revenue
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Increasing Cost Industry
Dead Weight Loss
16. Indirect - non-purchased - or opportunity costs of resources provided by the entrepreneur
Price discrimination
Short run
Implicit costs
Economic Growth
17. Ex -y = (%dQd good X) / (%d Price Y). If Ex -y > 0 - goods X and Y are substitutes. If Ex -y < 0 - goods X and Y are complementary
Total variable costs (TVC)
Shortage
Private goods
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
18. The difference between your willingness to pay and the price you actually pay. It is the area below the demand curve and above the price
Spillover costs
Consumer surplus
Total variable costs (TVC)
Productive Efficiency
19. Costs that change with the level of output. If output is zero - so are TVCs.
Surplus
Total variable costs (TVC)
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Public goods
20. A good for which higher income decreases demand
Marginal tax rate
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Inferior Goods
Necessity
21. Costs that do not vary with changes in short-run output. They must be paid even when output is zero.
Derived Demand
Monopoly
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Excess Capacity
22. Pm > MR = MC - which is not allocatively efficient and dead weight loss exists. Pm > ATC - which is not productively efficient. Profit > 0 so consumer surplus is transferred to the monopolist as profit
Resources
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Economics
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
23. The total quantity - or total output of a good produced at each quantity of labor employed
Total Revenue
Absolute prices
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Price inelastic demand
24. The output where ATC is minimized and economic profit is zero
Break-even Point
Total variable costs (TVC)
Public goods
Cartel
25. A very diverse market structure characterized by a small number of interdependent large firms - producing a standardized or differentiated product in a market with a barrier to entry
Oligopoly
Income Effect
Surplus
Variable inputs
26. Exists when the production of a good creates utility for third parties not directly involved in the consumption of production of the good
Positive externality
Law of Supply
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Perfect competition
27. The mechanism for combining production resources - with existing technology - into finished goods and services
Price elasticity
Natural Monopoly
Production function
Marginal Cost (MC)
28. Goods that are both nonrival and nonexcludable. One person's consumption does not prevent another from also consuming that good and if it is provided to some - it is necessarily provided to all - even if they do not pay for that good
Monopsonist
Marginal Analysis
Total Revenue
Public goods
29. A firm that has market power in the factor market (a wage-setter)
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Monopsonist
Negative externality
Price inelastic demand
30. The change in total product resulting from a change in the labor input. MPL = dTPL/dL - or the slope of total product
Total Revenue Test
Negative externality
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
31. TR = P * Qd
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Inferior Goods
Total Revenue
Opportunity Cost
32. Ed = 1
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Spillover costs
Unit elastic demand
33. Direct - purchased - out-of-pocket costs paid to resource suppliers provided by the entrepreneur
Explicit costs
Spillover benefits
Monopsonist
Marginal Productivity Theory
34. Exists if a producer can produce more of a good than all other producers
Absolute Advantage
Relative Prices
Implicit costs
Average Total Cost (ATC)
35. The rational decision maker chooses an action if MB = MC
Marginal Analysis
Decreasing Cost industry
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Least-Cost Rule
36. Excess supply; exists at a market price when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.
Surplus
Excise Tax
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Dead Weight Loss
37. The output where AVC is minimized. If the price falls below this point - the firm chooses to shut down or produce zero units in the short run
Production function
Perfect competition
Consumer surplus
Shutdown Point
38. Measures the cost the firm incurs from using an additional unit of input. In a perfectly competitive labor market - MRC = Wage. In a monopsony labor market - the MRC > Wage
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Total variable costs (TVC)
Total Revenue Test
Utility Maximizing Rule
39. Measures the value of what the next unit of a resource (e.g. - labor) brings to the firm. MRPL = MR x MPL. In a perfectly competitive product market - MRPL = P x MPL. In a monopoly product market - MR < P so MRPm < MRPc.
Demand for Labor
Price inelastic demand
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Marginal Analysis
40. The number of units of any other good Y that must be sacrificed to acquire good X. Only relative prices matter
Positive externality
Derived Demand
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Relative Prices
41. Ed > 1 - meaning consumers are price sensitive
Price elastic demand
Accounting Profit
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Substitution Effect
42. Factors of production - 4 categories: labor - physical capital - land/natural resources - and entrepreneurial ability
Total Revenue
Resources
Law of Demand
Law of Increasing Costs
43. AFC = TFC/Q
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Variable inputs
Marginal Analysis
Positive externality
44. The change in quantity demanded resulting from a change in the price of one good relative to other goods
Substitution Effect
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Least-Cost Rule
Explicit costs
45. The least competitive market structure - characterized by a single producer - with no close substitutes - barriers to entry - and price making power
Monopoly
Positive externality
Total Revenue
Allocative Efficiency
46. Exists when the production of a good imposes disutility upon third parties not directly involved in the consumption or production of the good
Price Ceiling
Negative externality
Decreasing Cost industry
Break-even Point
47. The upward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC rises as plant size increases. This is usually the result of the increased difficulty of managing larger firms - which results in lost efficiency and rising per unit costs.
Diseconomies of Scale
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Substitution Effect
Least-Cost Rule
48. Models where firms are competitive rivals seeking to gain at the expense of their rivals
Shutdown Point
Market power
Non-collusive oligopoly
Public goods
49. The marginal utility from consumption of more and more of that item falls over time
Market Equilibrium
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Perfectly elastic
Allocative Efficiency
50. Pmc < MR = MC and Pmc > minimum ATC so outcome is not efficient - but profit = 0.
Economics
Substitute Goods
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium