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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Exists at the point where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded
Public goods
Market Equilibrium
Determinants of elasticity
Variable inputs
2. Ex -y = (%dQd good X) / (%d Price Y). If Ex -y > 0 - goods X and Y are substitutes. If Ex -y < 0 - goods X and Y are complementary
Spillover costs
Constant cost industry
Dead Weight Loss
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
3. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Substitution Effect
Accounting Profit
Luxury
Total Revenue
4. Models where firms agree to mutually improve their situation
Opportunity Cost
Consumer surplus
Demand for Labor
Collusive oligopoly
5. Ed = 0 - no response to price change
Comparative Advantage
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Natural Monopoly
Perfectly inelastic
6. The philosophy that a citizen should receive a share of economic resources proportional to the marginal revenue product of his or her productivity
Unit elastic demand
Marginal Productivity Theory
Substitution Effect
Monopoly
7. Excess demand; a shortage exists at a market price when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied
Economic Growth
Shortage
Normal Profit
Normal Goods
8. The combination of labor and capital that minimizes total costs for a given production rate. Hire L and K so that MPL / PL = MPK / PK or MPL/MPK = PL/PK
Positive externality
Least-Cost Rule
Incidence of Tax
Resources
9. The total quantity - or total output of a good produced at each quantity of labor employed
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Relative Prices
Producer surplus
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
10. For one good - constrained by prices and income - a consumer stops consuming a good when the price paid for the next unit is equal to the marginal benefit received
Marginal Cost (MC)
Constrained Utility Maximization
Price elasticity
Average Total Cost (ATC)
11. The least competitive market structure - characterized by a single producer - with no close substitutes - barriers to entry - and price making power
Monopoly
Oligopoly
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Determinants of Labor Demand
12. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Economies of Scale
Complementary Goods
Dead Weight Loss
13. The lost net benefit to society caused by a movement away from the competitive market equilibrium
Constant cost industry
Public goods
Dead Weight Loss
Price Ceiling
14. Has opposite effect of an excise tax - as it lowers the marginal cost of production - forcing the supply curve down
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Subsidy
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Specialization
15. TR = P * Qd
Inferior Goods
Private goods
Producer surplus
Total Revenue
16. Occurs when an economy's production possibilities increase. This can be a result of more resources - better resources - or improvements in technology.
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Economic Growth
Monopoly
Market power
17. Additional benefits to society not captured by the market demand curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too high and a market quantity that is too low. Resources are underallocated to the production of this good
Determinants of Labor Demand
Consumer surplus
Spillover benefits
Perfectly inelastic
18. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Marginal Cost (MC)
Incidence of Tax
Price Ceiling
Law of Increasing Costs
19. Entry (or exit) of firms does not shift the cost curves of firms in the industry
Accounting Profit
Utility Maximizing Rule
Constant cost industry
Scarcity
20. AFC = TFC/Q
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Law of Increasing Costs
Luxury
21. Es = (%dQs) / (%dPrice)
Total Revenue Test
Marginal Cost (MC)
Producer surplus
Price Elasticity of Supply
22. The mechanism for combining production resources - with existing technology - into finished goods and services
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Production function
Law of Supply
23. The change in quantity demanded resulting from a change in the price of one good relative to other goods
Price elastic demand
Substitution Effect
Private goods
Perfectly elastic
24. A market structure characterized by a few small firms producing a differentiated product with easy entry into the market
Least-Cost Rule
Law of Supply
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Monopolistic competition
25. A good for which higher income decreases demand
Marginal Cost (MC)
Inferior Goods
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Free-Rider Problem
26. The downward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC falls as plan size increases. This is the result of specialization - lower cost of inputs - or other efficiencies of larger scale.
Economies of Scale
Cartel
Profit Maximizing Rule
Relative Prices
27. In the case of a public good - some members of the community know that they can consume the public good while others provide for it. This results in a lack of private funding and forces the government to provide it
Free-Rider Problem
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Monopsonist
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
28. Excess supply; exists at a market price when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.
Surplus
Constant cost industry
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Monopolistic competition
29. The change in total product resulting from a change in the labor input. MPL = dTPL/dL - or the slope of total product
Law of Increasing Costs
Determinants of Supply
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
30. Occurs when LRAC is constant over a variety of plant sizes
Variable inputs
Constant Returns to Scale
Diseconomies of Scale
Perfect competition
31. The firm hires the profit maximizing amount of a resource at the point where MRP = MRC
Monopolistic competition
Total Revenue Test
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Substitute Goods
32. Another way of saying that firms are earning zero economic profits or a fair rate of return on invested resources
Excess Capacity
Normal Profit
Substitute Goods
Price floor
33. A legal minimum price below which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent surplus
Determinants of Supply
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Price floor
Decreasing Cost industry
34. Exists if a producer can produce a good at lower opportunity cost than all other producers
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Comparative Advantage
Least-Cost Rule
Price elasticity
35. The imbalance between limited productive resources and unlimited human wants
Non-collusive oligopoly
Incidence of Tax
Scarcity
Economic Profit
36. Ed = (%dQd)/(%dP). Ignore negative sign
Price elasticity
Comparative Advantage
Free-Rider Problem
Fixed inputs
37. Measures the cost the firm incurs from using an additional unit of input. In a perfectly competitive labor market - MRC = Wage. In a monopsony labor market - the MRC > Wage
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Utility Maximizing Rule
38. Goods that are both nonrival and nonexcludable. One person's consumption does not prevent another from also consuming that good and if it is provided to some - it is necessarily provided to all - even if they do not pay for that good
Public goods
Resources
Implicit costs
Law of Supply
39. A period of time long enough to alter the plant size. New firms can enter the industry and existing firms can liquidate and exit
Determinants of Supply
Cartel
Long Run
Average Product of Labor (APL)
40. The rate paid on the last dollar earned. This is found by taking the ratio of the change in taxes divided by the change in income
Price Elasticity of Supply
Excise Tax
Marginal tax rate
Marginal Productivity Theory
41. Labor demand for the firm is MRPL curve. The labor demanded for the entire market DL = ?MRPL of all firms
Demand for Labor
Determinants of Labor Demand
Income Elasticity
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
42. The difference between the price received and the marginal cost of producing the good. It is the area above the supply curve and under the price
Non-collusive oligopoly
Producer surplus
Break-even Point
Private goods
43. 0 < Ei < 1
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Necessity
Complementary Goods
Normal Goods
44. The additional benefit received from the consumption of the next unit of a good or service
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Economics
Marginal Productivity Theory
Positive externality
45. Ed > 1 - meaning consumers are price sensitive
Specialization
Price elastic demand
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Diseconomies of Scale
46. Costs that change with the level of output. If output is zero - so are TVCs.
Excess Capacity
Fixed inputs
Resources
Total variable costs (TVC)
47. The additional cost incurred from the consumption of the next unit of a good or a service
Monopoly
Price discrimination
Marginal Cost (MC)
Constant cost industry
48. Goods that are both rival and excludable. Only one person can consume the good at a time and consumers who do not pay for the good are excluded from consumption
Allocative Efficiency
Income Effect
Price elastic demand
Private goods
49. The most desirable alternative given up as the result of a decision
Opportunity Cost
Total Revenue Test
Relative Prices
Monopsonist
50. AVC = TVC/Q
Monopsonist
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Substitute Goods