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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Additional benefits to society not captured by the market demand curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too high and a market quantity that is too low. Resources are underallocated to the production of this good
Price discrimination
Marginal Productivity Theory
Determinants of Labor Demand
Spillover benefits
2. Occurs when there is no more incentive for firms to enter or exit. P=MR=MC=ATC and profit = 0
Monopsonist
Marginal Analysis
Normal Profit
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
3. Models where firms agree to mutually improve their situation
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Collusive oligopoly
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Economic Profit
4. The study of how people - firms - and societies use their scarce productive resources to best satisfy their unlimited material wants.
Law of Increasing Costs
Determinants of Labor Demand
Economics
Marginal Productivity Theory
5. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Increasing Cost Industry
Determinants of elasticity
Accounting Profit
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
6. The rational decision maker chooses an action if MB = MC
Constant cost industry
Incidence of Tax
Relative Prices
Marginal Analysis
7. Production of the combination of goods and services that provides the most net benefit to society. The optimal quantity of a good is achieved when the MB = MC of the next unit and only occurs at one point on the PPF
Market power
Allocative Efficiency
Negative externality
Natural Monopoly
8. Product demand - productivity - prices of other resources - and complementary resources
Non-collusive oligopoly
Determinants of Labor Demand
Demand for Labor
Inferior Goods
9. Costs that change with the level of output. If output is zero - so are TVCs.
Shutdown Point
Total variable costs (TVC)
Producer surplus
Constant Returns to Scale
10. Occurs when an economy's production possibilities increase. This can be a result of more resources - better resources - or improvements in technology.
Positive externality
Economic Growth
Shortage
Marginal Cost (MC)
11. A legal maximum price above which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent shortage
Total Welfare
Production function
Price Ceiling
Excess Capacity
12. The change in quantity demanded that results from a change in the consumer's purchasing power (or real income)
Income Effect
Utility Maximizing Rule
Market power
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
13. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Implicit costs
Total Revenue Test
Determinants of Demand
Incidence of Tax
14. The change in total product resulting from a change in the labor input. MPL = dTPL/dL - or the slope of total product
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Determinants of elasticity
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Normal Goods
15. The philosophy that a citizen should receive a share of economic resources proportional to the marginal revenue product of his or her productivity
Marginal Productivity Theory
Total Revenue
Shutdown Point
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
16. 0 < Ei < 1
Law of Supply
Four-firm concentration ratio
Necessity
Perfectly elastic
17. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms upward
Total Revenue
Luxury
Monopsonist
Increasing Cost Industry
18. Production inputs that the firm can adjust in the short run to meet changes in demand for their output. Often this is labor and/or raw materials
Luxury
Producer surplus
Variable inputs
Excise Tax
19. The combination of labor and capital that minimizes total costs for a given production rate. Hire L and K so that MPL / PL = MPK / PK or MPL/MPK = PL/PK
Non-collusive oligopoly
Least-Cost Rule
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Price floor
20. Production inputs that cannot be changed in the short run. Usually this is the plant size or capital
Law of Increasing Costs
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Fixed inputs
Income Effect
21. Es = (%dQs) / (%dPrice)
Determinants of Demand
Absolute prices
Opportunity Cost
Price Elasticity of Supply
22. AVC = TVC/Q
Spillover costs
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Excess Capacity
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
23. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Normal Profit
Unit elastic demand
Complementary Goods
Perfectly elastic
24. For one good - constrained by prices and income - a consumer stops consuming a good when the price paid for the next unit is equal to the marginal benefit received
Market power
Constrained Utility Maximization
Positive externality
Opportunity Cost
25. An economic system based upon the fundamentals of private property - freedom - self-interest - and prices
Economics
Perfectly elastic
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Market Economy (Capitalism)
26. A good for which higher income decreases demand
Opportunity Cost
Perfect competition
Inferior Goods
Excise Tax
27. The upward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC rises as plant size increases. This is usually the result of the increased difficulty of managing larger firms - which results in lost efficiency and rising per unit costs.
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Total variable costs (TVC)
Income Elasticity
Diseconomies of Scale
28. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms downward
Decreasing Cost industry
Free-Rider Problem
Perfect competition
Marginal Productivity Theory
29. Additional costs to society not captured by the market supply curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too low and a market quantity that is too high. Resources are overallocated to the production of this good
Normal Goods
Spillover costs
Negative externality
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
30. The output where AVC is minimized. If the price falls below this point - the firm chooses to shut down or produce zero units in the short run
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Four-firm concentration ratio
Shutdown Point
Perfectly elastic
31. Exists at the point where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded
Market Equilibrium
Implicit costs
Substitution Effect
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
32. A measure of industry market power. Sum the market share of the four largest firms and a ratio above 40% is a good indicator of oligopoly
Luxury
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Four-firm concentration ratio
33. A legal minimum price below which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent surplus
Normal Profit
Price floor
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Negative externality
34. The change in quantity demanded resulting from a change in the price of one good relative to other goods
Non-collusive oligopoly
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Total Welfare
Substitution Effect
35. Direct - purchased - out-of-pocket costs paid to resource suppliers provided by the entrepreneur
Normal Goods
Explicit costs
Price elastic demand
Economies of Scale
36. Labor demand for the firm is MRPL curve. The labor demanded for the entire market DL = ?MRPL of all firms
Income Effect
Specialization
Demand for Labor
Positive externality
37. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - suppliers increase their quantity supplied for that good
Fixed inputs
Cartel
Law of Supply
Marginal Productivity Theory
38. When firms focus their resources on production of goods for which they have comparative advantage
Market power
Collusive oligopoly
Specialization
Increasing Cost Industry
39. The most desirable alternative given up as the result of a decision
Opportunity Cost
Productive Efficiency
Economics
Marginal Cost (MC)
40. The total quantity - or total output of a good produced at each quantity of labor employed
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Law of Increasing Costs
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
41. A per unit tax on production results in a vertical shift in the supply curve by the amount of the tax
Shortage
Necessity
Excise Tax
Average Product of Labor (APL)
42. The ability to set the price above the perfectly competitive level
Market power
Complementary Goods
Normal Goods
Normal Profit
43. Factors of production - 4 categories: labor - physical capital - land/natural resources - and entrepreneurial ability
Law of Demand
Consumer surplus
Resources
Price elasticity
44. The practice of selling essentially the same good to different groups of consumers at different prices
Price discrimination
Scarcity
Determinants of Labor Demand
Price elasticity
45. The output where ATC is minimized and economic profit is zero
Absolute prices
Specialization
Total Welfare
Break-even Point
46. Has opposite effect of an excise tax - as it lowers the marginal cost of production - forcing the supply curve down
Utility Maximizing Rule
Non-collusive oligopoly
Subsidy
Public goods
47. Demand for a resource like labor is derived from the demand for the goods produced by the resource
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Price Ceiling
Derived Demand
48. Another way of saying that firms are earning zero economic profits or a fair rate of return on invested resources
Incidence of Tax
Determinants of elasticity
Normal Profit
Explicit costs
49. In the case of a public good - some members of the community know that they can consume the public good while others provide for it. This results in a lack of private funding and forces the government to provide it
Free-Rider Problem
Market power
Consumer surplus
Least-Cost Rule
50. The more of a good that is produced - the greater the opportunity cost of producing the next unit of that good
Law of Increasing Costs
Determinants of Supply
Price elastic demand
Price Elasticity of Supply