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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when LRAC is constant over a variety of plant sizes
Constant Returns to Scale
Shortage
Unit elastic demand
Collusive oligopoly
2. The change in quantity demanded that results from a change in the consumer's purchasing power (or real income)
Income Effect
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Price elasticity
Law of Demand
3. The least competitive market structure - characterized by a single producer - with no close substitutes - barriers to entry - and price making power
Comparative Advantage
Resources
Monopoly
Unit elastic demand
4. Ei > 1
Price inelastic demand
Economies of Scale
Luxury
Cartel
5. Exists when the production of a good imposes disutility upon third parties not directly involved in the consumption or production of the good
Normal Goods
Absolute prices
Production function
Negative externality
6. Production inputs that the firm can adjust in the short run to meet changes in demand for their output. Often this is labor and/or raw materials
Diseconomies of Scale
Variable inputs
Price elasticity
Total variable costs (TVC)
7. A legal minimum price below which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent surplus
Law of Supply
Oligopoly
Price floor
Price discrimination
8. Additional benefits to society not captured by the market demand curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too high and a market quantity that is too low. Resources are underallocated to the production of this good
Law of Increasing Costs
Surplus
Spillover benefits
Price elastic demand
9. Costs that do not vary with changes in short-run output. They must be paid even when output is zero.
Normal Goods
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Natural Monopoly
Non-collusive oligopoly
10. The number of units of any other good Y that must be sacrificed to acquire good X. Only relative prices matter
Positive externality
Law of Demand
Relative Prices
Luxury
11. The additional cost incurred from the consumption of the next unit of a good or a service
Marginal Analysis
Price Ceiling
Utility Maximizing Rule
Marginal Cost (MC)
12. A very diverse market structure characterized by a small number of interdependent large firms - producing a standardized or differentiated product in a market with a barrier to entry
Determinants of Demand
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Oligopoly
Normal Goods
13. The practice of selling essentially the same good to different groups of consumers at different prices
Least-Cost Rule
Price discrimination
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Economies of Scale
14. Pmc < MR = MC and Pmc > minimum ATC so outcome is not efficient - but profit = 0.
Break-even Point
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Scarcity
Consumer surplus
15. Product demand - productivity - prices of other resources - and complementary resources
Monopoly
Determinants of Labor Demand
Normal Goods
Substitution Effect
16. Ex -y = (%dQd good X) / (%d Price Y). If Ex -y > 0 - goods X and Y are substitutes. If Ex -y < 0 - goods X and Y are complementary
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Accounting Profit
Short run
Law of Supply
17. Total revenue rises with a price increase if demand is price inelastic and falls with a price increase if demand is price elastic
Diseconomies of Scale
Inferior Goods
Spillover costs
Total Revenue Test
18. Additional costs to society not captured by the market supply curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too low and a market quantity that is too high. Resources are overallocated to the production of this good
Spillover costs
Least-Cost Rule
Normal Goods
Marginal Productivity Theory
19. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Variable inputs
Substitute Goods
Accounting Profit
Monopoly
20. Production inputs that cannot be changed in the short run. Usually this is the plant size or capital
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Monopolistic competition
Determinants of Supply
Fixed inputs
21. Exists at the point where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded
Price Elasticity of Supply
Collusive oligopoly
Market Equilibrium
Total variable costs (TVC)
22. A legal maximum price above which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent shortage
Marginal tax rate
Relative Prices
Non-collusive oligopoly
Price Ceiling
23. Exists if a producer can produce more of a good than all other producers
Incidence of Tax
Excess Capacity
Absolute Advantage
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
24. Costs of inputs - technology and productivity - taxes/subsidies - producer speculation - price of other goods that could be produced - and number of sellers all influence supply
Determinants of Supply
Marginal Analysis
Spillover costs
Allocative Efficiency
25. Total product divided by labor employed. APL = TPL/L
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Opportunity Cost
Implicit costs
Law of Supply
26. The change in quantity demanded resulting from a change in the price of one good relative to other goods
Substitution Effect
Price elastic demand
Total Revenue
Resources
27. 0 < Ei < 1
Necessity
Marginal tax rate
Accounting Profit
Profit Maximizing Rule
28. The difference between total revenue and total explicit and implicit costs
Market power
Excise Tax
Economic Growth
Economic Profit
29. The output where AVC is minimized. If the price falls below this point - the firm chooses to shut down or produce zero units in the short run
Constant Returns to Scale
Shutdown Point
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Monopoly
30. Ed = 1
Economic Growth
Perfect competition
Incidence of Tax
Unit elastic demand
31. A period of time long enough to alter the plant size. New firms can enter the industry and existing firms can liquidate and exit
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Long Run
Normal Goods
Shortage
32. Excess demand; a shortage exists at a market price when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied
Natural Monopoly
Income Elasticity
Absolute prices
Shortage
33. Goods that are both rival and excludable. Only one person can consume the good at a time and consumers who do not pay for the good are excluded from consumption
Perfect competition
Price Elasticity of Supply
Private goods
Price floor
34. The additional benefit received from the consumption of the next unit of a good or service
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Consumer surplus
35. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - suppliers increase their quantity supplied for that good
Law of Supply
Total Revenue
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Explicit costs
36. Another way of saying that firms are earning zero economic profits or a fair rate of return on invested resources
Determinants of Demand
Substitute Goods
Price elastic demand
Normal Profit
37. Models where firms agree to mutually improve their situation
Long Run
Derived Demand
Marginal Cost (MC)
Collusive oligopoly
38. Goods that are both nonrival and nonexcludable. One person's consumption does not prevent another from also consuming that good and if it is provided to some - it is necessarily provided to all - even if they do not pay for that good
Normal Goods
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Public goods
Spillover costs
39. The price of a good measured in units of currency
Explicit costs
Absolute prices
Productive Efficiency
Marginal Cost (MC)
40. Entry (or exit) of firms does not shift the cost curves of firms in the industry
Normal Profit
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Constant cost industry
Specialization
41. When firms focus their resources on production of goods for which they have comparative advantage
Specialization
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Opportunity Cost
Collusive oligopoly
42. Occurs when an economy's production possibilities increase. This can be a result of more resources - better resources - or improvements in technology.
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Economic Growth
Absolute prices
43. A per unit tax on production results in a vertical shift in the supply curve by the amount of the tax
Marginal Cost (MC)
Necessity
Price elastic demand
Excise Tax
44. Consumer income - prices of substitute and complementary goods - consumer tastes and preferences - consumer speculation - and number of buyers in the market all influence demand
Increasing Cost Industry
Public goods
Determinants of Demand
Total Welfare
45. Ed > 1 - meaning consumers are price sensitive
Marginal tax rate
Necessity
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Price elastic demand
46. Exists if a producer can produce a good at lower opportunity cost than all other producers
Fixed inputs
Production function
Comparative Advantage
Variable inputs
47. An economic system based upon the fundamentals of private property - freedom - self-interest - and prices
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Consumer surplus
Opportunity Cost
48. The rational decision maker chooses an action if MB = MC
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Marginal Analysis
49. Occurs when there is no more incentive for firms to enter or exit. P=MR=MC=ATC and profit = 0
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Opportunity Cost
Accounting Profit
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
50. The rate paid on the last dollar earned. This is found by taking the ratio of the change in taxes divided by the change in income
Marginal tax rate
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Market power
Dead Weight Loss