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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms upward
Income Elasticity
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Increasing Cost Industry
Incidence of Tax
2. The least competitive market structure - characterized by a single producer - with no close substitutes - barriers to entry - and price making power
Inferior Goods
Marginal Analysis
Monopoly
Long Run
3. Goods that are both nonrival and nonexcludable. One person's consumption does not prevent another from also consuming that good and if it is provided to some - it is necessarily provided to all - even if they do not pay for that good
Public goods
Private goods
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Average Total Cost (ATC)
4. The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus
Total Welfare
Price discrimination
Oligopoly
Consumer surplus
5. Exists when the production of a good imposes disutility upon third parties not directly involved in the consumption or production of the good
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Negative externality
6. A good for which higher income decreases demand
Accounting Profit
Long Run
Inferior Goods
Subsidy
7. Costs that do not vary with changes in short-run output. They must be paid even when output is zero.
Income Effect
Perfect competition
Public goods
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
8. Labor demand for the firm is MRPL curve. The labor demanded for the entire market DL = ?MRPL of all firms
Relative Prices
Increasing Cost Industry
Fixed inputs
Demand for Labor
9. The difference between the monopolistic competition output Qmc and the output at minimum ATC. Excess capacity is underused plant and equipment
Marginal tax rate
Law of Supply
Allocative Efficiency
Excess Capacity
10. Has opposite effect of an excise tax - as it lowers the marginal cost of production - forcing the supply curve down
Decreasing Cost industry
Subsidy
Productive Efficiency
Derived Demand
11. A period of time long enough to alter the plant size. New firms can enter the industry and existing firms can liquidate and exit
Market power
Long Run
Constrained Utility Maximization
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
12. Es = (%dQs) / (%dPrice)
Income Elasticity
Price Elasticity of Supply
Total Welfare
Market power
13. Ed = (%dQd)/(%dP). Ignore negative sign
Price discrimination
Total Revenue
Unit elastic demand
Price elasticity
14. Total revenue rises with a price increase if demand is price inelastic and falls with a price increase if demand is price elastic
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Oligopoly
Total Revenue Test
Absolute Advantage
15. Ed = 8 - infinite change in demand to price change
Perfectly elastic
Variable inputs
Absolute Advantage
Private goods
16. TR = P * Qd
Luxury
Total Revenue
Relative Prices
Shutdown Point
17. The additional cost incurred from the consumption of the next unit of a good or a service
Necessity
Subsidy
Marginal Cost (MC)
Total Welfare
18. A measure of industry market power. Sum the market share of the four largest firms and a ratio above 40% is a good indicator of oligopoly
Diseconomies of Scale
Derived Demand
Dead Weight Loss
Four-firm concentration ratio
19. The price of a good measured in units of currency
Absolute prices
Explicit costs
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Economies of Scale
20. A good for which higher income increases demand
Marginal tax rate
Economies of Scale
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Normal Goods
21. The total quantity - or total output of a good produced at each quantity of labor employed
Monopsonist
Excess Capacity
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
22. Costs that change with the level of output. If output is zero - so are TVCs.
Price Ceiling
Profit Maximizing Rule
Total variable costs (TVC)
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
23. Measures the cost the firm incurs from using an additional unit of input. In a perfectly competitive labor market - MRC = Wage. In a monopsony labor market - the MRC > Wage
Absolute Advantage
Absolute prices
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
24. Indirect - non-purchased - or opportunity costs of resources provided by the entrepreneur
Determinants of Demand
Implicit costs
Perfectly inelastic
Decreasing Cost industry
25. Exists at the point where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded
Collusive oligopoly
Private goods
Market Equilibrium
Price Elasticity of Supply
26. Costs of inputs - technology and productivity - taxes/subsidies - producer speculation - price of other goods that could be produced - and number of sellers all influence supply
Utility Maximizing Rule
Determinants of Supply
Diseconomies of Scale
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
27. Ei = (%dQd good X)/(%d Income)
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Explicit costs
Income Elasticity
Constrained Utility Maximization
28. A legal minimum price below which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent surplus
Scarcity
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Variable inputs
Price floor
29. AVC = TVC/Q
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Marginal tax rate
Producer surplus
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
30. Excess demand; a shortage exists at a market price when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied
Price discrimination
Shortage
Perfectly elastic
Total Welfare
31. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Complementary Goods
Determinants of Labor Demand
Long Run
Substitute Goods
32. Production inputs that the firm can adjust in the short run to meet changes in demand for their output. Often this is labor and/or raw materials
Variable inputs
Determinants of elasticity
Monopoly
Total Revenue Test
33. Production of maximum output for a given level of technology and resources. All points on the PPF are productively efficient
Productive Efficiency
Necessity
Economic Profit
Inferior Goods
34. The upward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC rises as plant size increases. This is usually the result of the increased difficulty of managing larger firms - which results in lost efficiency and rising per unit costs.
Diseconomies of Scale
Allocative Efficiency
Implicit costs
Four-firm concentration ratio
35. Exists when the production of a good creates utility for third parties not directly involved in the consumption of production of the good
Positive externality
Necessity
Market power
Total variable costs (TVC)
36. The combination of labor and capital that minimizes total costs for a given production rate. Hire L and K so that MPL / PL = MPK / PK or MPL/MPK = PL/PK
Production function
Least-Cost Rule
Incidence of Tax
Decreasing Cost industry
37. The firm hires the profit maximizing amount of a resource at the point where MRP = MRC
Free-Rider Problem
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Law of Increasing Costs
Fixed inputs
38. A period of time too short to change the size of the plant - but many other - more variable resources can be changed to meet demand
Total variable costs (TVC)
Short run
Total Welfare
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
39. The case where economies of scale are so extensive that it is less costly for one firm to supply the entire range of demand
Spillover benefits
Negative externality
Relative Prices
Natural Monopoly
40. The philosophy that a citizen should receive a share of economic resources proportional to the marginal revenue product of his or her productivity
Marginal Productivity Theory
Allocative Efficiency
Complementary Goods
Income Effect
41. A firm that has market power in the factor market (a wage-setter)
Monopsonist
Absolute prices
Comparative Advantage
Consumer surplus
42. The change in quantity demanded resulting from a change in the price of one good relative to other goods
Marginal Analysis
Substitution Effect
Excise Tax
Normal Profit
43. Production inputs that cannot be changed in the short run. Usually this is the plant size or capital
Fixed inputs
Incidence of Tax
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Law of Demand
44. Product demand - productivity - prices of other resources - and complementary resources
Least-Cost Rule
Dead Weight Loss
Determinants of Labor Demand
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
45. For one good - constrained by prices and income - a consumer stops consuming a good when the price paid for the next unit is equal to the marginal benefit received
Determinants of Demand
Constrained Utility Maximization
Variable inputs
Price inelastic demand
46. Total product divided by labor employed. APL = TPL/L
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Allocative Efficiency
Perfectly elastic
Normal Profit
47. Ed < 1
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Least-Cost Rule
Price inelastic demand
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
48. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms downward
Cartel
Normal Goods
Spillover costs
Decreasing Cost industry
49. The lost net benefit to society caused by a movement away from the competitive market equilibrium
Determinants of elasticity
Excess Capacity
Dead Weight Loss
Price elasticity
50. Exists if a producer can produce a good at lower opportunity cost than all other producers
Comparative Advantage
Substitution Effect
Perfectly inelastic
Producer surplus