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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The most desirable alternative given up as the result of a decision
Economics
Opportunity Cost
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Private goods
2. Models where firms agree to mutually improve their situation
Demand for Labor
Collusive oligopoly
Increasing Cost Industry
Economics
3. A good for which higher income decreases demand
Inferior Goods
Utility Maximizing Rule
Substitution Effect
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
4. Ed < 1
Explicit costs
Luxury
Determinants of Supply
Price inelastic demand
5. Another way of saying that firms are earning zero economic profits or a fair rate of return on invested resources
Normal Profit
Unit elastic demand
Perfectly elastic
Total Welfare
6. For one good - constrained by prices and income - a consumer stops consuming a good when the price paid for the next unit is equal to the marginal benefit received
Least-Cost Rule
Economic Profit
Constrained Utility Maximization
Cartel
7. Two goods are consumer substitutes if they provide essentially the same utility to consumers
Substitution Effect
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Substitute Goods
Demand for Labor
8. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Price discrimination
Accounting Profit
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Average Total Cost (ATC)
9. Exists at the point where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded
Marginal Productivity Theory
Allocative Efficiency
Price Ceiling
Market Equilibrium
10. The mechanism for combining production resources - with existing technology - into finished goods and services
Excess Capacity
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Production function
11. AFC = TFC/Q
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Subsidy
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Implicit costs
12. The least competitive market structure - characterized by a single producer - with no close substitutes - barriers to entry - and price making power
Marginal tax rate
Monopoly
Accounting Profit
Determinants of elasticity
13. Production of maximum output for a given level of technology and resources. All points on the PPF are productively efficient
Productive Efficiency
Fixed inputs
Law of Increasing Costs
Production function
14. The rational decision maker chooses an action if MB = MC
Marginal Analysis
Resources
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Absolute prices
15. Goods that are both rival and excludable. Only one person can consume the good at a time and consumers who do not pay for the good are excluded from consumption
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Spillover costs
Negative externality
Private goods
16. The marginal utility from consumption of more and more of that item falls over time
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Incidence of Tax
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Natural Monopoly
17. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Economics
Surplus
Unit elastic demand
Complementary Goods
18. Models where firms are competitive rivals seeking to gain at the expense of their rivals
Negative externality
Non-collusive oligopoly
Excess Capacity
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
19. The more of a good that is produced - the greater the opportunity cost of producing the next unit of that good
Normal Goods
Law of Increasing Costs
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Four-firm concentration ratio
20. A legal maximum price above which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent shortage
Oligopoly
Shortage
Four-firm concentration ratio
Price Ceiling
21. Has opposite effect of an excise tax - as it lowers the marginal cost of production - forcing the supply curve down
Free-Rider Problem
Subsidy
Total Welfare
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
22. A period of time long enough to alter the plant size. New firms can enter the industry and existing firms can liquidate and exit
Absolute prices
Allocative Efficiency
Long Run
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
23. Additional benefits to society not captured by the market demand curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too high and a market quantity that is too low. Resources are underallocated to the production of this good
Spillover costs
Unit elastic demand
Spillover benefits
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
24. Consumer income - prices of substitute and complementary goods - consumer tastes and preferences - consumer speculation - and number of buyers in the market all influence demand
Non-collusive oligopoly
Utility Maximizing Rule
Natural Monopoly
Determinants of Demand
25. Pm > MR = MC - which is not allocatively efficient and dead weight loss exists. Pm > ATC - which is not productively efficient. Profit > 0 so consumer surplus is transferred to the monopolist as profit
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Marginal Analysis
Market power
26. Ed = 0 - no response to price change
Marginal tax rate
Price inelastic demand
Perfectly inelastic
Increasing Cost Industry
27. Costs of inputs - technology and productivity - taxes/subsidies - producer speculation - price of other goods that could be produced - and number of sellers all influence supply
Determinants of Supply
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Allocative Efficiency
Derived Demand
28. Ed = 1
Marginal Cost (MC)
Unit elastic demand
Total Revenue Test
Break-even Point
29. The difference between the price received and the marginal cost of producing the good. It is the area above the supply curve and under the price
Absolute Advantage
Producer surplus
Short run
Incidence of Tax
30. Measures the cost the firm incurs from using an additional unit of input. In a perfectly competitive labor market - MRC = Wage. In a monopsony labor market - the MRC > Wage
Shutdown Point
Economies of Scale
Constrained Utility Maximization
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
31. Demand for a resource like labor is derived from the demand for the goods produced by the resource
Resources
Derived Demand
Marginal Productivity Theory
Perfect competition
32. Ed > 1 - meaning consumers are price sensitive
Complementary Goods
Shortage
Dead Weight Loss
Price elastic demand
33. The change in quantity demanded that results from a change in the consumer's purchasing power (or real income)
Oligopoly
Income Effect
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Price elasticity
34. The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus
Implicit costs
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Total Welfare
Necessity
35. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms upward
Increasing Cost Industry
Substitute Goods
Income Elasticity
Shutdown Point
36. Additional costs to society not captured by the market supply curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too low and a market quantity that is too high. Resources are overallocated to the production of this good
Long Run
Marginal tax rate
Spillover costs
Accounting Profit
37. A period of time too short to change the size of the plant - but many other - more variable resources can be changed to meet demand
Short run
Consumer surplus
Resources
Fixed inputs
38. The imbalance between limited productive resources and unlimited human wants
Increasing Cost Industry
Scarcity
Normal Profit
Accounting Profit
39. A good for which higher income increases demand
Total Revenue
Absolute prices
Normal Goods
Demand for Labor
40. The output where ATC is minimized and economic profit is zero
Monopolistic competition
Break-even Point
Private goods
Substitute Goods
41. A firm that has market power in the factor market (a wage-setter)
Private goods
Monopsonist
Marginal tax rate
Non-collusive oligopoly
42. The output where AVC is minimized. If the price falls below this point - the firm chooses to shut down or produce zero units in the short run
Shutdown Point
Total Welfare
Long Run
Dead Weight Loss
43. Exists when the production of a good creates utility for third parties not directly involved in the consumption of production of the good
Opportunity Cost
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Marginal Productivity Theory
Positive externality
44. A market structure characterized by a few small firms producing a differentiated product with easy entry into the market
Total variable costs (TVC)
Productive Efficiency
Monopolistic competition
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
45. The philosophy that a citizen should receive a share of economic resources proportional to the marginal revenue product of his or her productivity
Price floor
Determinants of Supply
Marginal Analysis
Marginal Productivity Theory
46. The change in quantity demanded resulting from a change in the price of one good relative to other goods
Substitution Effect
Scarcity
Constrained Utility Maximization
Spillover benefits
47. Goods that are both nonrival and nonexcludable. One person's consumption does not prevent another from also consuming that good and if it is provided to some - it is necessarily provided to all - even if they do not pay for that good
Public goods
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Economics
Determinants of elasticity
48. The price of a good measured in units of currency
Absolute prices
Allocative Efficiency
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Natural Monopoly
49. An economic system based upon the fundamentals of private property - freedom - self-interest - and prices
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Price elasticity
Inferior Goods
Specialization
50. Exists when the production of a good imposes disutility upon third parties not directly involved in the consumption or production of the good
Explicit costs
Negative externality
Opportunity Cost
Average Total Cost (ATC)