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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Substitutes - cost as percentage of income - and time to adjust to price changes all influence price elasticity
Demand for Labor
Excess Capacity
Marginal Analysis
Determinants of elasticity
2. Exists at the point where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded
Constant Returns to Scale
Decreasing Cost industry
Market Equilibrium
Surplus
3. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms downward
Shortage
Decreasing Cost industry
Law of Increasing Costs
Substitute Goods
4. The case where economies of scale are so extensive that it is less costly for one firm to supply the entire range of demand
Natural Monopoly
Constant Returns to Scale
Public goods
Free-Rider Problem
5. Direct - purchased - out-of-pocket costs paid to resource suppliers provided by the entrepreneur
Economies of Scale
Perfectly elastic
Dead Weight Loss
Explicit costs
6. The least competitive market structure - characterized by a single producer - with no close substitutes - barriers to entry - and price making power
Resources
Spillover costs
Variable inputs
Monopoly
7. TR = P * Qd
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Total Revenue
Shutdown Point
Spillover costs
8. Another way of saying that firms are earning zero economic profits or a fair rate of return on invested resources
Law of Increasing Costs
Fixed inputs
Least-Cost Rule
Normal Profit
9. The imbalance between limited productive resources and unlimited human wants
Positive externality
Scarcity
Determinants of elasticity
Normal Profit
10. A good for which higher income decreases demand
Surplus
Inferior Goods
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Derived Demand
11. Ex -y = (%dQd good X) / (%d Price Y). If Ex -y > 0 - goods X and Y are substitutes. If Ex -y < 0 - goods X and Y are complementary
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Consumer surplus
Marginal Cost (MC)
Surplus
12. Exists when the production of a good creates utility for third parties not directly involved in the consumption of production of the good
Specialization
Constant cost industry
Positive externality
Determinants of Demand
13. The output where AVC is minimized. If the price falls below this point - the firm chooses to shut down or produce zero units in the short run
Price Ceiling
Shutdown Point
Spillover costs
Determinants of elasticity
14. The difference between your willingness to pay and the price you actually pay. It is the area below the demand curve and above the price
Consumer surplus
Determinants of Demand
Opportunity Cost
Cartel
15. The study of how people - firms - and societies use their scarce productive resources to best satisfy their unlimited material wants.
Collusive oligopoly
Price inelastic demand
Economics
Cartel
16. Demand for a resource like labor is derived from the demand for the goods produced by the resource
Least-Cost Rule
Cartel
Derived Demand
Perfectly elastic
17. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - consumers decrease their quantity demanded for that good
Negative externality
Price Ceiling
Law of Demand
Public goods
18. Exists when the production of a good imposes disutility upon third parties not directly involved in the consumption or production of the good
Negative externality
Long Run
Law of Supply
Specialization
19. The more of a good that is produced - the greater the opportunity cost of producing the next unit of that good
Spillover costs
Law of Increasing Costs
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
20. Exists if a producer can produce more of a good than all other producers
Complementary Goods
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Absolute Advantage
Non-collusive oligopoly
21. The ability to set the price above the perfectly competitive level
Shortage
Constrained Utility Maximization
Marginal Productivity Theory
Market power
22. A very diverse market structure characterized by a small number of interdependent large firms - producing a standardized or differentiated product in a market with a barrier to entry
Free-Rider Problem
Oligopoly
Marginal Productivity Theory
Perfectly elastic
23. A measure of industry market power. Sum the market share of the four largest firms and a ratio above 40% is a good indicator of oligopoly
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Four-firm concentration ratio
Absolute Advantage
Income Elasticity
24. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Incidence of Tax
Total Welfare
Law of Increasing Costs
25. Product demand - productivity - prices of other resources - and complementary resources
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Determinants of Labor Demand
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Relative Prices
26. Models where firms agree to mutually improve their situation
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Collusive oligopoly
Spillover benefits
Demand for Labor
27. Goods that are both rival and excludable. Only one person can consume the good at a time and consumers who do not pay for the good are excluded from consumption
Positive externality
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Increasing Cost Industry
Private goods
28. The change in quantity demanded that results from a change in the consumer's purchasing power (or real income)
Law of Increasing Costs
Excise Tax
Income Effect
Demand for Labor
29. A per unit tax on production results in a vertical shift in the supply curve by the amount of the tax
Excise Tax
Implicit costs
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Determinants of Demand
30. The price of a good measured in units of currency
Monopolistic competition
Decreasing Cost industry
Absolute prices
Four-firm concentration ratio
31. 0 < Ei < 1
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Perfect competition
Necessity
Economies of Scale
32. Production inputs that the firm can adjust in the short run to meet changes in demand for their output. Often this is labor and/or raw materials
Variable inputs
Determinants of Demand
Increasing Cost Industry
Income Effect
33. The philosophy that a citizen should receive a share of economic resources proportional to the marginal revenue product of his or her productivity
Economic Growth
Spillover costs
Inferior Goods
Marginal Productivity Theory
34. A legal maximum price above which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent shortage
Law of Increasing Costs
Determinants of Labor Demand
Price Ceiling
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
35. Excess demand; a shortage exists at a market price when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied
Shortage
Private goods
Cartel
Marginal Productivity Theory
36. Ed > 1 - meaning consumers are price sensitive
Market Equilibrium
Necessity
Price elastic demand
Unit elastic demand
37. Ed < 1
Normal Goods
Price inelastic demand
Determinants of Demand
Complementary Goods
38. Goods that are both nonrival and nonexcludable. One person's consumption does not prevent another from also consuming that good and if it is provided to some - it is necessarily provided to all - even if they do not pay for that good
Monopsonist
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Public goods
Law of Supply
39. Total revenue rises with a price increase if demand is price inelastic and falls with a price increase if demand is price elastic
Complementary Goods
Total Revenue Test
Total Revenue
Relative Prices
40. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms upward
Economic Profit
Market power
Increasing Cost Industry
Marginal Benefit (MB)
41. A firm that has market power in the factor market (a wage-setter)
Determinants of Labor Demand
Resources
Monopsonist
Variable inputs
42. Two goods are consumer substitutes if they provide essentially the same utility to consumers
Allocative Efficiency
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Substitute Goods
Price inelastic demand
43. A good for which higher income increases demand
Excess Capacity
Normal Goods
Comparative Advantage
Price discrimination
44. The practice of selling essentially the same good to different groups of consumers at different prices
Shortage
Specialization
Price discrimination
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
45. Production of the combination of goods and services that provides the most net benefit to society. The optimal quantity of a good is achieved when the MB = MC of the next unit and only occurs at one point on the PPF
Allocative Efficiency
Spillover costs
Absolute Advantage
Cartel
46. The most desirable alternative given up as the result of a decision
Marginal Analysis
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Opportunity Cost
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
47. Occurs when an economy's production possibilities increase. This can be a result of more resources - better resources - or improvements in technology.
Economic Growth
Price elastic demand
Marginal Cost (MC)
Short run
48. The lost net benefit to society caused by a movement away from the competitive market equilibrium
Oligopoly
Free-Rider Problem
Dead Weight Loss
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
49. ATC = TC/Q = AFC + AVC
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Least-Cost Rule
Monopsonist
Market power
50. Occurs when there is no more incentive for firms to enter or exit. P=MR=MC=ATC and profit = 0
Excess Capacity
Subsidy
Price Ceiling
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium