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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Substitutes - cost as percentage of income - and time to adjust to price changes all influence price elasticity
Determinants of Labor Demand
Price Elasticity of Supply
Determinants of elasticity
Productive Efficiency
2. Factors of production - 4 categories: labor - physical capital - land/natural resources - and entrepreneurial ability
Resources
Luxury
Marginal Analysis
Private goods
3. The difference between the price received and the marginal cost of producing the good. It is the area above the supply curve and under the price
Producer surplus
Perfectly inelastic
Price floor
Marginal Cost (MC)
4. Excess supply; exists at a market price when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.
Economic Growth
Surplus
Economies of Scale
Allocative Efficiency
5. An economic system based upon the fundamentals of private property - freedom - self-interest - and prices
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Shortage
Profit Maximizing Rule
Law of Supply
6. A firm that has market power in the factor market (a wage-setter)
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Economic Profit
Normal Goods
Monopsonist
7. Direct - purchased - out-of-pocket costs paid to resource suppliers provided by the entrepreneur
Total Revenue Test
Oligopoly
Explicit costs
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
8. The firm hires the profit maximizing amount of a resource at the point where MRP = MRC
Law of Increasing Costs
Determinants of Labor Demand
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Monopsonist
9. Production of the combination of goods and services that provides the most net benefit to society. The optimal quantity of a good is achieved when the MB = MC of the next unit and only occurs at one point on the PPF
Allocative Efficiency
Cartel
Price discrimination
Demand for Labor
10. The lost net benefit to society caused by a movement away from the competitive market equilibrium
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
Law of Increasing Costs
Dead Weight Loss
11. The price of a good measured in units of currency
Producer surplus
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Absolute prices
Marginal Cost (MC)
12. The total quantity - or total output of a good produced at each quantity of labor employed
Long Run
Non-collusive oligopoly
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Determinants of Labor Demand
13. Ei > 1
Decreasing Cost industry
Luxury
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Constrained Utility Maximization
14. Ei = (%dQd good X)/(%d Income)
Four-firm concentration ratio
Income Elasticity
Price discrimination
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
15. AFC = TFC/Q
Free-Rider Problem
Complementary Goods
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Productive Efficiency
16. Exists when the production of a good imposes disutility upon third parties not directly involved in the consumption or production of the good
Negative externality
Variable inputs
Price floor
Substitute Goods
17. The change in quantity demanded resulting from a change in the price of one good relative to other goods
Substitution Effect
Economic Growth
Price inelastic demand
Inferior Goods
18. The change in quantity demanded that results from a change in the consumer's purchasing power (or real income)
Accounting Profit
Income Effect
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Price floor
19. Excess demand; a shortage exists at a market price when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied
Shortage
Price discrimination
Comparative Advantage
Perfectly elastic
20. The difference between your willingness to pay and the price you actually pay. It is the area below the demand curve and above the price
Excess Capacity
Utility Maximizing Rule
Consumer surplus
Long Run
21. Total revenue rises with a price increase if demand is price inelastic and falls with a price increase if demand is price elastic
Total Revenue Test
Inferior Goods
Absolute Advantage
Normal Profit
22. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - suppliers increase their quantity supplied for that good
Law of Supply
Profit Maximizing Rule
Necessity
Specialization
23. 0 < Ei < 1
Necessity
Derived Demand
Total Revenue
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
24. The output where AVC is minimized. If the price falls below this point - the firm chooses to shut down or produce zero units in the short run
Shutdown Point
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Constant cost industry
Luxury
25. A legal minimum price below which the product cannot be sold. If a floor is installed at some level above the equilibrium price - it creates a permanent surplus
Subsidy
Price discrimination
Price floor
Profit Maximizing Rule
26. Two goods are consumer substitutes if they provide essentially the same utility to consumers
Positive externality
Consumer surplus
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Substitute Goods
27. The case where economies of scale are so extensive that it is less costly for one firm to supply the entire range of demand
Total Revenue Test
Surplus
Natural Monopoly
Monopoly
28. Consumer income - prices of substitute and complementary goods - consumer tastes and preferences - consumer speculation - and number of buyers in the market all influence demand
Determinants of Demand
Productive Efficiency
Production function
Diseconomies of Scale
29. Occurs when LRAC is constant over a variety of plant sizes
Cartel
Increasing Cost Industry
Profit Maximizing Rule
Constant Returns to Scale
30. Goods that are both rival and excludable. Only one person can consume the good at a time and consumers who do not pay for the good are excluded from consumption
Decreasing Cost industry
Private goods
Allocative Efficiency
Free-Rider Problem
31. A per unit tax on production results in a vertical shift in the supply curve by the amount of the tax
Constrained Utility Maximization
Excise Tax
Derived Demand
Accounting Profit
32. The philosophy that a citizen should receive a share of economic resources proportional to the marginal revenue product of his or her productivity
Subsidy
Productive Efficiency
Monopoly
Marginal Productivity Theory
33. Ed < 1
Utility Maximizing Rule
Determinants of Demand
Price inelastic demand
Economies of Scale
34. In the case of a public good - some members of the community know that they can consume the public good while others provide for it. This results in a lack of private funding and forces the government to provide it
Absolute prices
Free-Rider Problem
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Production function
35. The difference between the monopolistic competition output Qmc and the output at minimum ATC. Excess capacity is underused plant and equipment
Excess Capacity
Price inelastic demand
Free-Rider Problem
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
36. A period of time too short to change the size of the plant - but many other - more variable resources can be changed to meet demand
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Short run
Unit elastic demand
Luxury
37. Exists if a producer can produce a good at lower opportunity cost than all other producers
Utility Maximizing Rule
Comparative Advantage
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Average Total Cost (ATC)
38. Additional benefits to society not captured by the market demand curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too high and a market quantity that is too low. Resources are underallocated to the production of this good
Spillover benefits
Explicit costs
Free-Rider Problem
Accounting Profit
39. The rational decision maker chooses an action if MB = MC
Marginal Analysis
Monopolistic competition
Utility Maximizing Rule
Perfectly elastic
40. A very diverse market structure characterized by a small number of interdependent large firms - producing a standardized or differentiated product in a market with a barrier to entry
Fixed inputs
Allocative Efficiency
Specialization
Oligopoly
41. The more of a good that is produced - the greater the opportunity cost of producing the next unit of that good
Law of Increasing Costs
Break-even Point
Producer surplus
Public goods
42. Measures the cost the firm incurs from using an additional unit of input. In a perfectly competitive labor market - MRC = Wage. In a monopsony labor market - the MRC > Wage
Absolute Advantage
Total variable costs (TVC)
Production function
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
43. Costs that do not vary with changes in short-run output. They must be paid even when output is zero.
Determinants of Supply
Break-even Point
Constant cost industry
Total Fixed Costs (TFC)
44. Pmc < MR = MC and Pmc > minimum ATC so outcome is not efficient - but profit = 0.
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
Increasing Cost Industry
Law of Supply
45. Ed = 0 - no response to price change
Explicit costs
Absolute prices
Perfectly inelastic
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
46. The upward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC rises as plant size increases. This is usually the result of the increased difficulty of managing larger firms - which results in lost efficiency and rising per unit costs.
Economic Growth
Total Revenue Test
Diseconomies of Scale
Production function
47. Labor demand for the firm is MRPL curve. The labor demanded for the entire market DL = ?MRPL of all firms
Price Ceiling
Demand for Labor
Allocative Efficiency
Unit elastic demand
48. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Marginal tax rate
Shutdown Point
Complementary Goods
Negative externality
49. Entry of new firms shifts the cost curves for all firms downward
Marginal Product of Labor (MPL)
Implicit costs
Short run
Decreasing Cost industry
50. The mechanism for combining production resources - with existing technology - into finished goods and services
Break-even Point
Income Effect
Production function
Law of Supply