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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Microeconomics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
economics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The lost net benefit to society caused by a movement away from the competitive market equilibrium
Consumer surplus
Opportunity Cost
Derived Demand
Dead Weight Loss
2. The downward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC falls as plan size increases. This is the result of specialization - lower cost of inputs - or other efficiencies of larger scale.
Normal Profit
Economies of Scale
Price floor
Shutdown Point
3. AFC = TFC/Q
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Productive Efficiency
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Four-firm concentration ratio
4. TR = P * Qd
Constrained Utility Maximization
Total Revenue
Determinants of Supply
Decreasing Cost industry
5. A measure of industry market power. Sum the market share of the four largest firms and a ratio above 40% is a good indicator of oligopoly
Allocative Efficiency
Monopoly
Four-firm concentration ratio
Spillover costs
6. Labor demand for the firm is MRPL curve. The labor demanded for the entire market DL = ?MRPL of all firms
Diseconomies of Scale
Price elastic demand
Free-Rider Problem
Demand for Labor
7. Additional benefits to society not captured by the market demand curve from the production of a good - result in a price that is too high and a market quantity that is too low. Resources are underallocated to the production of this good
Spillover benefits
Determinants of Demand
Collusive oligopoly
Price floor
8. The upward part of the LRAC curve where LRAC rises as plant size increases. This is usually the result of the increased difficulty of managing larger firms - which results in lost efficiency and rising per unit costs.
Diseconomies of Scale
Free-Rider Problem
Implicit costs
Collusive oligopoly
9. The firm hires the profit maximizing amount of a resource at the point where MRP = MRC
Four-firm concentration ratio
Long Run
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Economies of Scale
10. The marginal utility from consumption of more and more of that item falls over time
Spillover costs
Complementary Goods
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Cartel
11. Ei > 1
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
Luxury
Explicit costs
12. Has opposite effect of an excise tax - as it lowers the marginal cost of production - forcing the supply curve down
Long Run
Subsidy
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Monopoly
13. Pm > MR = MC - which is not allocatively efficient and dead weight loss exists. Pm > ATC - which is not productively efficient. Profit > 0 so consumer surplus is transferred to the monopolist as profit
Spillover benefits
Monopoly long-run equilibrium
Perfectly elastic
Free-Rider Problem
14. The number of units of any other good Y that must be sacrificed to acquire good X. Only relative prices matter
Total variable costs (TVC)
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Relative Prices
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
15. A firm that has market power in the factor market (a wage-setter)
Income Effect
Substitute Goods
Market power
Monopsonist
16. The change in quantity demanded resulting from a change in the price of one good relative to other goods
Shortage
Diseconomies of Scale
Substitution Effect
Decreasing Cost industry
17. A very diverse market structure characterized by a small number of interdependent large firms - producing a standardized or differentiated product in a market with a barrier to entry
Utility Maximizing Rule
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
Oligopoly
Inferior Goods
18. A good for which higher income decreases demand
Comparative Advantage
Dead Weight Loss
Normal Profit
Inferior Goods
19. Two goods are consumer complements if they provide more utility when consumed together than when consumed separately
Marginal Cost (MC)
Utility Maximizing Rule
Perfect competition
Complementary Goods
20. The rate paid on the last dollar earned. This is found by taking the ratio of the change in taxes divided by the change in income
Accounting Profit
Constrained Utility Maximization
Price Ceiling
Marginal tax rate
21. ATC = TC/Q = AFC + AVC
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Production function
Substitute Goods
Average Total Cost (ATC)
22. A period of time long enough to alter the plant size. New firms can enter the industry and existing firms can liquidate and exit
Non-collusive oligopoly
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Long Run
Total Revenue Test
23. The difference between the monopolistic competition output Qmc and the output at minimum ATC. Excess capacity is underused plant and equipment
Subsidy
Profit Maximizing Rule
Excess Capacity
Law of Supply
24. The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus
Spillover benefits
Explicit costs
Total Revenue
Total Welfare
25. Exists when the production of a good imposes disutility upon third parties not directly involved in the consumption or production of the good
Normal Goods
Cartel
Negative externality
Free-Rider Problem
26. An economic system based upon the fundamentals of private property - freedom - self-interest - and prices
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Determinants of Supply
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Perfect competition
27. Ei = (%dQd good X)/(%d Income)
Cartel
Law of Supply
Income Elasticity
Normal Profit
28. AVC = TVC/Q
Short run
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Allocative Efficiency
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
29. The change in quantity demanded that results from a change in the consumer's purchasing power (or real income)
Absolute prices
Productive Efficiency
Income Effect
Price Elasticity of Supply
30. Pmc < MR = MC and Pmc > minimum ATC so outcome is not efficient - but profit = 0.
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Fixed inputs
Implicit costs
Monopolistic competition long-run equilibrium
31. A period of time too short to change the size of the plant - but many other - more variable resources can be changed to meet demand
Break-even Point
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Short run
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
32. Holding all else equal - when the price of a good rises - consumers decrease their quantity demanded for that good
Spillover costs
Law of Demand
Income Elasticity
Market Economy (Capitalism)
33. MUx / Px = MUy/Py or MUx/MUy = Px/Py
Fixed inputs
Market Economy (Capitalism)
Specialization
Utility Maximizing Rule
34. The additional cost incurred from the consumption of the next unit of a good or a service
Derived Demand
Marginal Cost (MC)
Collusive oligopoly
Income Elasticity
35. Ed = 0 - no response to price change
Total Product of Labor (TPL)
Perfectly inelastic
Natural Monopoly
Law of Supply
36. Two goods are consumer substitutes if they provide essentially the same utility to consumers
Substitute Goods
Negative externality
Perfect competition
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
37. The study of how people - firms - and societies use their scarce productive resources to best satisfy their unlimited material wants.
Economics
Price elastic demand
Price floor
Constant cost industry
38. The additional benefit received from the consumption of the next unit of a good or service
Marginal Benefit (MB)
Economics
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Allocative Efficiency
39. The proportion of the tax paid by the consumers in the form of a higher price for the taxed good is greater if demand for the good is inelastic and supply is elastic
Constant Returns to Scale
Market power
Incidence of Tax
Scarcity
40. The difference between total revenue and total explicit costs
Constant cost industry
Average Product of Labor (APL)
Constant Returns to Scale
Accounting Profit
41. Production inputs that cannot be changed in the short run. Usually this is the plant size or capital
Constrained Utility Maximization
Comparative Advantage
Fixed inputs
Perfectly competitive long-run equilibrium
42. The combination of labor and capital that minimizes total costs for a given production rate. Hire L and K so that MPL / PL = MPK / PK or MPL/MPK = PL/PK
Law of Supply
Four-firm concentration ratio
Least-Cost Rule
Marginal Benefit (MB)
43. Ed = 8 - infinite change in demand to price change
Perfect competition
Determinants of Supply
Perfectly elastic
Price discrimination
44. Characterized by many small price-taking firms producing a standardized product in an industry in which there are no barriers to entry or exit
Perfect competition
Income Effect
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Profit Maximizing Resource Employment
45. Exists when the production of a good creates utility for third parties not directly involved in the consumption of production of the good
Positive externality
Price Elasticity of Supply
Monopsonist
Average Total Cost (ATC)
46. Ed = 1
Price discrimination
Unit elastic demand
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Utility Maximizing Rule
47. Measures the cost the firm incurs from using an additional unit of input. In a perfectly competitive labor market - MRC = Wage. In a monopsony labor market - the MRC > Wage
Normal Goods
Marginal Resource Cost (MRC)
Price Elasticity of Supply
Average Total Cost (ATC)
48. The practice of selling essentially the same good to different groups of consumers at different prices
Natural Monopoly
Price discrimination
Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)
Substitution Effect
49. Costs of inputs - technology and productivity - taxes/subsidies - producer speculation - price of other goods that could be produced - and number of sellers all influence supply
Luxury
Substitute Goods
Determinants of Supply
Derived Demand
50. Ed > 1 - meaning consumers are price sensitive
Cartel
Price elastic demand
Constant cost industry
Short run