AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
A1v1=a2v2
Zero.
V - a Joule/Coulomb


2. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
The bouncing of light
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
m^3/s


3. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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4. What is Huygen's Principle?
The graph of force vs displacement
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


5. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Initial velocity


6. What is the photoelectric effect?
ZERO
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
E=kq/R^2
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


7. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
E=kq/R^2
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Initial velocity
F=qE


8. Define diffraction
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Magnitude and direction
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


9. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Speed ups
The electron


10. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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11. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.


12. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
KE = (3/2)kT


13. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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14. Define reflection
The bouncing of light
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Weber
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


15. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Ohm's Law: V=IR


16. How does temperature effect resistance?
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
N/C
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


17. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


18. S.I. unit of frictional force
Newton
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


19. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Weight ...w=mg
Concave


20. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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21. Gauge Pressure

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22. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Joule
Torque
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


23. How does impulse relate to force?
Impulse is (force)(time)
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
F=qE


24. What shapes are converging lenses?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


25. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Work


26. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


27. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
The electron
F=kq1q2/R^2
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


28. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
V=kq/R
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


29. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The nucleus
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


30. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


31. What is the energy of a photon?

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32. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Convex
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The graph of force vs displacement


33. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Diverging
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Newton
Joule


34. How can total momentum be calculated?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
V=kq/R
Tesla


35. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


36. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
P=IV
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


37. What is mass energy equivalence?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The bouncing of light
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


38. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


39. What causes resistance?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


40. What is the area under any PV curve?

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41. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
F=kq1q2/R^2
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The electron


42. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Impulse is (force)(time)
The body is moving at a constant velocity
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period


43. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
N•m
Something other than zero.
m=(rho)V


44. What is half life?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


45. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Open right hand rule
velocity
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


46. What is acceleration?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
How quickly you change velocity.
Weight ...w=mg


47. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
The light travels through the image.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Gamma
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


48. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
The light travels through the image.
The velocity is positive
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Vertical direction


49. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
W=qV
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
(mg)sin(angle)
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


50. What comprises beta radiation?
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The charge on each capacitor.