AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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2. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
Convex
The light travels through the image.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


3. How can total momentum be calculated?
Watt
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


4. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Gamma
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


5. Continuity equation
A1v1=a2v2
How quickly you change velocity.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


6. Define mass in terms of density.
Impulse
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
m=(rho)V
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


7. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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8. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Concave


9. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
KE=Work
PV=nRT and PV=kT
The transfer of thermal energy


10. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


11. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
The transfer of thermal energy
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


12. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Entropy always increases.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


13. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


14. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
(mg)sin(angle)
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


15. What is an adiabatic process?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The electric field forces charges to move.


16. Energy of a SINGLE photon
Displacement
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
E=hf
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


17. Unit of energy for electricity.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
V=kq/R
KE=Work
V - a Joule/Coulomb


18. What is the energy of a photon?

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19. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
P=IV
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Something other than zero.
F=kq1q2/R^2


20. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
Joule
How quickly you change velocity.
ZERO
W=qV


21. What are the three types of radiation?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


22. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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23. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
F=qE
When it is on the same side as the image?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
E=V/d


24. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.


25. How does thickness effect resistance?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
(rho)gh
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


26. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


27. Unit of electric field
V=kq/R
N/C
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


28. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
V=kq/R
N•m


29. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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30. What is the law of reflection?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Moment arm
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


31. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


32. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Alpha
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
KE = (3/2)kT


33. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Watt
V - a Joule/Coulomb


34. What comprises beta radiation?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Weber
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


35. What is heat?
The transfer of thermal energy
W = KE:final - KE:initial
When a body's speed is changing.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


36. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


37. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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38. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
N/C
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
W = KE:final - KE:initial


39. What causes radioactivity?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


40. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
The electric field forces charges to move.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


41. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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42. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Ohm's Law: V=IR
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Joule


43. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
W = KE:final - KE:initial


44. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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45. Buoyancy
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Weight ...w=mg


46. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Torque


47. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.


48. How does temperature effect resistance?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


49. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


50. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The volume under water
The CHANGE in velocity.