Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


2. When is the image negative for a lens?
When it is on the same side as the image?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


3. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Magnitude and direction
No image.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


4. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Magnitude and direction
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
F=kq1q2/R^2


5. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
How quickly you change velocity.
N/C
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


6. Energy of a SINGLE photon
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
E=hf
m^3/s
Joule


7. What does the term potential difference mean?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
When a body's speed is changing.


8. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
The CHANGE in velocity.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


9. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
(mg)sin(angle)
E=V/d
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


10. S.I. unit of torque
The light travels through the image.
N•m
The electric field forces charges to move.
The charge on each capacitor.


11. What happens at the critical angle?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
E=kq/R^2
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The light travels through the image.


12. S.I. unit of centripetal force
Newton
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


13. What is transmutation?
Speed ups
Displacement
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


14. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Newton
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The graph of force vs displacement
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


15. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
The bending of light
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


16. What is the strong force?
velocity
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


17. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


18. What two entities comprise a vector?
Entropy always increases.
Magnitude and direction
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


19. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Newton
Convex
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


20. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The CHANGE in velocity.
Force= Pressure/Area
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


21. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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22. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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23. What is an isotope?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Joule
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


24. S.I. unit of Flow rate
m^3/s
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


25. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
When the body rests on a surface.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
The transfer of thermal energy


26. What shapes are converging lenses?
Atmospheric pressure
V=kq/R
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


27. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


28. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The charge on each capacitor.
The graph of force vs displacement
Zero.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


29. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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30. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
A change in the gas' temperature.
E=kq/R^2
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


31. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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32. What does light absorption involve?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
When a body's speed is changing.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Torque


33. What shape is a diverging lenses?
The velocity is positive
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


34. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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35. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The transfer of thermal energy
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


36. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The charge on each capacitor.
Newton
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


37. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
When it is on the same side as the image?
The velocity is positive
Speed ups


38. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
ZERO


39. Define diffraction
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
m^3/s


40. S.I. unit of work
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Joule
m^3/s
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


41. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
(rho)gh


42. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
The nucleus
The charge on each capacitor.


43. What is acceleration?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
How quickly you change velocity.
The nucleus
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


44. What is half life?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The volume under water
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


45. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


46. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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47. How are velocity and speed different?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
(mg)sin(angle)
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


48. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


49. Define mass in terms of density.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Gamma
m=(rho)V
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


50. Gauge Pressure

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