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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Initial velocity
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
N/C
Impulse is (force)(time)

2. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
V=kq/R
Something other than zero.
W = KE:final - KE:initial

3. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The bending of light
Pascal
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...

4. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Weight ...w=mg
kg•m/s
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.

5. How does temperature effect resistance?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Torque
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)

6. What is an adiabatic process?
E=hf
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.

7. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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8. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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9. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
(mg)sin(angle)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.

10. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
m^3/s
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Alpha
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

11. What does the term potential difference mean?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)

12. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Initial velocity

13. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Entropy always increases.
The volume under water

14. What does light absorption involve?
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
KE = (3/2)kT
It is the net force pointing towards the center.

15. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...

16. How can total momentum be calculated?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Concave

17. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)

18. What do batteries and generators produce?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
E=hf
Newton

19. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Open right hand rule
Something other than zero.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2

20. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
Impulse is the change in momentum
When it is on the same side as the image?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.

21. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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22. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Magnitude and direction
Convex
THe force that holds the nucleus together.

23. What forces charges to move?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The graph of force vs displacement
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The electric field forces charges to move.

24. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
The bouncing of light
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Open right hand rule
Alpha

25. Define mass in terms of density.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
m=(rho)V
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.

26. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
Vertical direction
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.

27. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Work
Open right hand rule
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.

28. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Torque
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

29. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Tesla
How quickly you change velocity.

30. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
ZERO
The body is moving at a constant velocity

31. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
The graph of force vs displacement
Weight ...w=mg
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE

32. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Weber

33. How are velocity and speed different?
P=IV
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

34. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Weight ...w=mg
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.

35. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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36. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Convex
The transfer of thermal energy
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.

37. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Something other than zero.
A change in the gas' temperature.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.

38. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Initial velocity
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.

39. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The electric field forces charges to move.
How quickly you change velocity.
V=kq/R

40. What is internal energy?
P=IV
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.

41. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
kg•m/s
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
P=IV

42. S.I. unit of frictional force
Initial velocity
The volume under water
Newton
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)

43. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
Alpha
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
KE = (3/2)kT
PV=nRT and PV=kT

44. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Convex
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.

45. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
Pascal
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.

46. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
F=kq1q2/R^2
Entropy always increases.
Vertical direction
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)

47. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Impulse is (force)(time)
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.

48. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
Joule
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
V=kq/R
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)

49. Condition for no rotation
Sum of the torques equal zero.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
KE = (3/2)kT

50. Unit of energy for electricity.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.