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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Zero.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Speed ups

2. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
V=kq/R
Alpha
Work done 'BY' the gas.
N/C

3. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
Atmospheric pressure
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)

4. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Speed ups
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.

5. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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6. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
Alpha
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The volume under water
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.

7. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Concave
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
F=qE

8. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.

9. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Moment arm
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.

10. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
(mg)sin(angle)
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The velocity is positive

11. Unit of electric field
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
N/C
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Newton

12. What causes resistance?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
A change in the gas' temperature.
When it is on the same side as the image?

13. What is the photoelectric effect?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Tesla
P=IV

14. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.

15. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)

16. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.

17. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)

18. What is force times time?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Newton
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Impulse

19. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The volume under water
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.

20. What is transmutation?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Impulse is the change in momentum

21. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
V=kq/R
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Newton

22. Continuity equation
A1v1=a2v2
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)

23. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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24. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Magnitude and direction
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.

25. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body

26. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
Initial velocity
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
E=V/d

27. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.

28. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
(mg)sin(angle)

29. S.I. unit of power
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Work
Watt
F=kq1q2/R^2

30. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.

31. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Joule

32. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
ZERO
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Weber

33. How can total momentum be calculated?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Magnitude and direction
Joule

34. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Work

35. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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36. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
Concave
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.

37. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Joule
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.

38. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
E=kq/R^2
KE = (3/2)kT

39. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.

40. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Moment arm
Zero.

41. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Joule
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
The light travels through the image.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.

42. Define reflection
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Newton
The bouncing of light
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.

43. Work is the area under which curve?
The graph of force vs displacement
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Magnitude and direction
E=V/d

44. Buoyancy
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.

45. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Convex

46. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.

47. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Entropy always increases.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Atmospheric pressure
The graph of force vs displacement

48. What is the area under any PV curve?

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49. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
When it is on the same side as the image?
The light travels through the image.

50. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
KE = (3/2)kT
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Joule