AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Convex
The charge on each capacitor.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


2. S.I. unit of Flow rate
The graph of force vs displacement
m^3/s
Vertical direction
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


3. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


4. How can total momentum be calculated?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


5. How length effect resistance?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Weber


6. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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7. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Newton
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


8. What causes radioactivity?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Impulse


9. How does thickness effect resistance?
Tesla
Entropy always increases.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


10. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Atmospheric pressure
Weight ...w=mg


11. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
N•m
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Concave


12. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Newton
KE=Work


13. What is mass energy equivalence?
When the body rests on a surface.
V=kq/R
The electron
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


14. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
(mg)sin(angle)
The body is moving at a constant velocity


15. What is the law of reflection?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


16. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The CHANGE in velocity.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


17. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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18. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Displacement
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Initial velocity
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


19. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
(rho)gh
Concave


20. What comprises beta radiation?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
V=kq/R


21. What does the term potential difference mean?
Convex
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Force= Pressure/Area


22. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


23. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The electron


24. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


25. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Newton


26. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Initial velocity
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


27. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
The electron
KE=Work
A change in the gas' temperature.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


28. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


29. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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30. What is transmutation?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Newton
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


31. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Impulse is (force)(time)


32. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
P=IV
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


33. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The CHANGE in velocity.
Displacement
The light travels through the image.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


34. S.I. unit of work
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
E=hf
Newton
Joule


35. S.I. Unit of electric force
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Newton
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
F=qE


36. What do batteries and generators produce?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
W=qV
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Concave


37. What is an adiabatic process?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Newton


38. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


39. Flow Rate
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


40. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
V=kq/R
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.


41. Define Refraction
The bending of light
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Newton


42. S.I. unit of gravitational force
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
The CHANGE in velocity.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Newton


43. Buoyancy
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


44. What is the binding energy?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
A change in the gas' temperature.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Concave


45. How does temperature effect resistance?
A1v1=a2v2
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


46. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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47. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
E=V/d
When a body's speed is changing.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


48. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Weber
KE=Work


49. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


50. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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