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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What forces charges to move?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The electric field forces charges to move.
Newton

2. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
m^3/s
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+

3. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Vertical direction

4. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...

5. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
W=qV
Displacement
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)

6. S.I. unit of magnetism
Tesla
Sum of the torques equal zero.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.

7. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
V=kq/R
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
The velocity is positive

8. What is the area under any PV curve?

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9. Define mass in terms of density.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
m=(rho)V
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
The charge on each capacitor.

10. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Convex
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.

11. How does thickness effect resistance?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
F=kq1q2/R^2
When the body rests on a surface.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.

12. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)

13. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
The graph of force vs displacement
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.

14. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The CHANGE in velocity.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)

15. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Torque
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.

16. What is acceleration?
How quickly you change velocity.
(rho)gh
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial

17. What happens at the critical angle?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Weber
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The bouncing of light

18. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Newton
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The charge on each capacitor.

19. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The charge on each capacitor.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.

20. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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21. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Open right hand rule
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.

22. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Diverging
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.

23. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)

24. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Alpha
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)

25. What shapes are converging lenses?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.

26. S.I. Unit of electric force
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Newton
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Moment arm

27. How length effect resistance?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Impulse is the change in momentum

28. What comprises gamma decay?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.

29. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Convex
E=hf
(rho)gh
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma

30. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Impulse
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
E=V/d

31. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
How quickly you change velocity.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.

32. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Concave

33. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Zero.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time

34. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Concave
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

35. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Sum of the torques equal zero.

36. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Concave
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Pascal

37. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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38. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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39. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Weight ...w=mg
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Newton

40. What makes an image 'real?'
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The light travels through the image.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.

41. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The bending of light
Impulse is (force)(time)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.

42. What causes radioactivity?
E=V/d
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
In front of the mirror - in the light.

43. S.I. unit of torque
N•m
The bending of light
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
When it is on the same side as the image?

44. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.

45. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
The bending of light
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
kg•m/s

46. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
V=kq/R
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
velocity

47. Flow Rate
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
kg•m/s
Zero.

48. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
(rho)gh
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
W = KE:final - KE:initial

49. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
KE=Work
Speed ups
Concave

50. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
KE=Work
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener