AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The transfer of thermal energy
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


2. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Something other than zero.
Concave
Initial velocity


3. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


4. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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5. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
F=kq1q2/R^2
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
F=qE


6. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
ZERO
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


7. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Impulse
P=IV


8. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The CHANGE in velocity.
Weber


9. What is the photoelectric effect?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


10. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Joule


11. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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12. S.I. unit of centripetal force
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Newton
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


13. What is the area under any PV curve?

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14. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Moment arm
Open right hand rule
N/C
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


15. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


16. Unit of energy for electricity.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Joule
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
V - a Joule/Coulomb


17. Energy of a SINGLE photon
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
E=hf
The CHANGE in velocity.


18. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


19. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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20. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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21. Define Refraction
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The bending of light


22. What is the law of reflection?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Newton
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


23. When is the image negative for a lens?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
When it is on the same side as the image?
The bouncing of light
F=kq1q2/R^2


24. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


25. Flow Rate
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


26. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
F=kq1q2/R^2
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Entropy always increases.


27. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Newton
Something other than zero.


28. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


29. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


30. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


31. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


32. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
W=qV
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


33. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Force= Pressure/Area
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


34. S.I. unit of frictional force
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Newton
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


35. What is transmutation?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
m=(rho)V


36. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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37. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
E=hf
KE = (3/2)kT
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


38. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
V=kq/R
When the body rests on a surface.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


39. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The transfer of thermal energy
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


40. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Moment arm
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
V=kq/R
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


41. How can total momentum be calculated?
The bending of light
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


42. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


43. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Vertical direction
Displacement
How quickly you change velocity.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


44. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
V=kq/R
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Concave


45. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
When it is on the same side as the image?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)


46. What is an isotope?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.


47. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Entropy always increases.


48. What is internal energy?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The velocity is positive
The motion of the molecules in gas.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.


49. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
E=hf
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Weight ...w=mg


50. What is Huygen's Principle?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
m=(rho)V
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
P=IV