AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
(mg)sin(angle)
The volume under water
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


2. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The transfer of thermal energy
(mg)sin(angle)
E=kq/R^2


3. S.I. unit of magnetism
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Tesla
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


4. How are velocity and speed different?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


5. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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6. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.


7. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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8. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The bouncing of light
Convex
Concave


9. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
Diverging
Convex
W = KE:final - KE:initial
A1v1=a2v2


10. What is internal energy?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Newton


11. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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12. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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13. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Gamma


14. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
A change in the gas' temperature.


15. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Zero.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


16. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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17. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


18. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


19. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
Speed ups
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
E=hf
W=qV


20. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
m=(rho)V


21. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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22. What is heat?
Initial velocity
N•m
Sum of the torques equal zero.
The transfer of thermal energy


23. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Zero.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


24. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
The velocity is positive
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


25. When is the image negative for a lens?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
kg•m/s
When it is on the same side as the image?


26. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Force= Pressure/Area
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


27. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Newton


28. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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29. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Alpha


30. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
F=qE
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Speed ups


31. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
The volume under water
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


32. What is the strong force?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


33. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
How quickly you change velocity.
Vertical direction
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


34. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Joule
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


35. How can total momentum be calculated?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Alpha
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


36. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
P=IV
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The bending of light


37. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


38. What is the photoelectric effect?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Pascal
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


39. What shapes are converging lenses?
Open right hand rule
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The electron


40. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
ZERO
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Impulse is the change in momentum
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


41. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
Newton
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
KE=Work


42. What is acceleration?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
How quickly you change velocity.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


43. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
m^3/s
Pascal
Torque


44. What comprises beta radiation?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Work done 'BY' the gas.


45. What do batteries and generators produce?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Newton
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


46. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
E=hf
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The electron


47. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
velocity
The body is moving at a constant velocity
No image.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


48. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Atmospheric pressure
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


49. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
V=kq/R
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


50. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
KE = (3/2)kT
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Joule
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.