AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Newton
V=kq/R
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


2. S.I. unit of frictional force
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Newton


3. What is temperature?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


4. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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5. S.I. unit of centripetal force
(rho)gh
F=kq1q2/R^2
Newton
The electron


6. What did Rutherford discover?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The nucleus
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


7. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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8. What is the strong force?
Torque
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.


9. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
V=kq/R
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Concave


10. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
How quickly you change velocity.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


11. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Gamma
In front of the mirror - in the light.


12. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


13. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
kg•m/s
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


14. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
(rho)gh
P=IV


15. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
W=qV


16. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
When the body rests on a surface.
Weight ...w=mg
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


17. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
V=kq/R


18. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Impulse is the change in momentum
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


19. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.


20. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Weber


21. What is force times time?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Impulse
Joule
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


22. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Moment arm
Newton
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Convex


23. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


24. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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25. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


26. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Work


27. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
F=kq1q2/R^2
Weight ...w=mg


28. What shape is a diverging mirror?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.


29. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
KE=Work


30. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Concave
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Newton


31. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The CHANGE in velocity.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


32. What happens at the critical angle?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Force= Pressure/Area
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


33. Continuity equation
A1v1=a2v2
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


34. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


35. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The velocity is positive
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


36. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


37. What is mass energy equivalence?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


38. What are the three types of radiation?
Something other than zero.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


39. How does temperature effect resistance?
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
kg•m/s


40. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Work


41. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


42. Define mass in terms of density.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
m=(rho)V
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
(rho)gh


43. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


44. What forces charges to move?
Something other than zero.
The electric field forces charges to move.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
In front of the mirror - in the light.


45. S.I. unit of power
Watt
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


46. What is the area under any PV curve?

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47. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
KE = (3/2)kT
Impulse is the change in momentum
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


48. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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49. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


50. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Joule
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14