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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The velocity is positive
Speed ups
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.

2. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.

3. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The bending of light
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.

4. What is an adiabatic process?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
The graph of force vs displacement
Impulse
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

5. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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6. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4

7. What does light absorption involve?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Torque

8. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.

9. S.I. unit of frictional force
Impulse is (force)(time)
V=kq/R
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Newton

10. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Watt
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The charge on each capacitor.

11. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Impulse is the change in momentum
The CHANGE in velocity.

12. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Newton
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.

13. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Newton
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.

14. S.I. unit of work
Joule
Work
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)

15. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Concave

16. What is the strong force?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.

17. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma

18. S.I. unit of pressure
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
How quickly you change velocity.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Pascal

19. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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20. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Newton
Torque
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.

21. What two entities comprise a vector?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Magnitude and direction
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.

22. What is acceleration?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
How quickly you change velocity.
V=kq/R
The volume under water

23. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Impulse is the change in momentum
THe force that holds the nucleus together.

24. When is the image negative for a lens?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
When it is on the same side as the image?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.

25. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.

26. Flow Rate
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The light travels through the image.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)

27. What is Huygen's Principle?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)

28. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The charge on each capacitor.
A1v1=a2v2
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.

29. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Watt
Joule
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.

30. What is force times time?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Concave
Open right hand rule
Impulse

31. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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32. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
(mg)sin(angle)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Weight ...w=mg
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.

33. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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34. How does temperature effect resistance?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
V=kq/R
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Magnitude and direction

35. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
N•m
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
When a body's speed is changing.
Displacement

36. What did Thompson discover?
The electron
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)

37. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
E=V/d
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The volume under water

38. What is mass energy equivalence?
W=qV
Pascal
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.

39. What is the binding energy?
The electron
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
F=kq1q2/R^2
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.

40. Force in terms of pressure
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Force= Pressure/Area
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.

41. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
The velocity is positive
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)

42. Define mass in terms of density.
m=(rho)V
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Impulse is the change in momentum
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.

43. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
KE = (3/2)kT
How quickly you change velocity.

44. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Work

45. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
(mg)sin(angle)
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.

46. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
F=qE
Initial velocity
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.

47. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
F=qE
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.

48. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
kg•m/s
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Newton
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.

49. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.

50. What happens at the critical angle?
Entropy always increases.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The electron
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.