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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
KE = (3/2)kT
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.

2. What is force times time?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Impulse
Sum of the torques equal zero.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2

3. What is an adiabatic process?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Newton
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Vertical direction

4. What does light absorption involve?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Newton
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

5. What is the strong force?
KE = (3/2)kT
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
m=(rho)V
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)

6. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Watt
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.

7. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Convex
kg•m/s

8. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Weber
E=hf
F=kq1q2/R^2

9. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
The transfer of thermal energy
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

10. What does light emission involve?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
P=IV
velocity
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.

11. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Force= Pressure/Area
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.

12. Unit of energy for electricity.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
V - a Joule/Coulomb
THe force that holds the nucleus together.

13. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
Atmospheric pressure
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.

14. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
No image.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

15. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
V=kq/R
Watt

16. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
When it is on the same side as the image?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.

17. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
(mg)sin(angle)
Joule
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.

18. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Initial velocity
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.

19. How does impulse relate to force?
(rho)gh
Impulse is (force)(time)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
PV=nRT and PV=kT

20. What comprises beta radiation?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
E=hf
The nucleus

21. What comprises alpha radiation?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
F=kq1q2/R^2
No image.

22. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Gamma
Newton

23. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
How quickly you change velocity.

24. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
N•m
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.

25. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
V=kq/R
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Newton

26. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
(mg)sin(angle)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh

27. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Weight ...w=mg
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
The CHANGE in velocity.

28. What causes radioactivity?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Displacement
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)

29. What makes an image 'real?'
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
The light travels through the image.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4

30. Buoyancy
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2

31. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body

32. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Newton
Pascal
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.

33. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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34. S.I. unit of frictional force
Newton
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.

35. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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36. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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37. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Torque
Newton
Weber

38. S.I. unit of pressure
E=V/d
In front of the mirror - in the light.
How quickly you change velocity.
Pascal

39. What is the photoelectric effect?
The CHANGE in velocity.
(mg)sin(angle)
Work done 'BY' the gas.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.

40. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
When the body rests on a surface.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.

41. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Initial velocity
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.

42. What is temperature?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
The bouncing of light
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The nucleus

43. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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44. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
W=qV
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.

45. What comprises gamma decay?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

46. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+

47. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The volume under water
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Weber
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.

48. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
(rho)gh
The body is moving at a constant velocity
E=kq/R^2
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...

49. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Impulse is the change in momentum
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)

50. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
N•m
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet