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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
E=kq/R^2
Weight ...w=mg
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.

2. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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3. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v

4. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Speed ups
Work
When a body's speed is changing.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.

5. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)

6. What is acceleration?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
When it is on the same side as the image?
How quickly you change velocity.

7. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
N/C
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body

8. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
The CHANGE in velocity.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.

9. What is an isotope?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
P=IV

10. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The charge on each capacitor.

11. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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12. What is the binding energy?
The CHANGE in velocity.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
N•m
The light travels through the image.

13. What did Thompson discover?
The electron
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The volume under water
In front of the mirror - in the light.

14. Continuity equation
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
A1v1=a2v2
PV=nRT and PV=kT

15. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Newton
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.

16. What does light absorption involve?
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Joule

17. S.I. unit of power
Pascal
Watt
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Ohm's Law: V=IR

18. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Weber
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.

19. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Vertical direction
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
When the body rests on a surface.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.

20. What is impulse?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Impulse is the change in momentum
Impulse
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma

21. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
F=qE
The bouncing of light
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2

22. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Moment arm
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
A change in the gas' temperature.

23. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
velocity
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.

24. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Vertical direction
When the body rests on a surface.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2

25. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
(rho)gh
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.

26. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
The electron
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2

27. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
N/C

28. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Convex
Newton
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...

29. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Diverging
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t

30. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
Impulse is the change in momentum
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
m^3/s

31. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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32. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
KE=Work
V=kq/R
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.

33. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
V=kq/R

34. What makes an image 'real?'
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The light travels through the image.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)

35. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
N/C
The CHANGE in velocity.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)

36. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
P=IV
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)

37. S.I. unit of pressure
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Speed ups
Pascal
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

38. What is heat?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The transfer of thermal energy
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.

39. Buoyancy
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Work
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Concave

40. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
V=kq/R
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)

41. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Joule

42. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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43. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.

44. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.

45. What did Rutherford discover?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The nucleus
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Vertical direction

46. What is mass energy equivalence?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Joule

47. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The transfer of thermal energy
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.

48. What is the strong force?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Newton
THe force that holds the nucleus together.

49. What is electromagnetic induction?
The volume under water
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt

50. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.