Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Work
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


2. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Alpha
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Diverging


3. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


4. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Alpha


5. What is an isotope?
Open right hand rule
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Alpha
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


6. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Work
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
The electric field forces charges to move.


7. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Weber
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


8. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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9. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
Concave
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


10. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
When a body's speed is changing.
E=kq/R^2


11. S.I. unit of Flow rate
m^3/s
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Newton
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


12. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Alpha
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Torque
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


13. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
A change in the gas' temperature.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


14. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
The bending of light
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Joule
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


15. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


16. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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17. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The charge on each capacitor.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


18. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


19. Define Refraction
Torque
Atmospheric pressure
Joule
The bending of light


20. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Convex
velocity
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


21. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
m=(rho)V
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


22. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


23. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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24. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
The electron
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The nucleus


25. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Torque
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


26. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Pascal


27. Force in terms of pressure
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Force= Pressure/Area


28. Work is the area under which curve?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The graph of force vs displacement


29. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The CHANGE in velocity.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Newton


30. What comprises gamma decay?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
E=kq/R^2


31. S.I. unit of magnetism
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Tesla
The bending of light


32. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
A change in the gas' temperature.
No image.
KE = (3/2)kT
Pascal


33. Continuity equation
A1v1=a2v2
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


34. How does thickness effect resistance?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The velocity is positive
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.


35. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
No image.
Joule
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Convex


36. What is temperature?
A1v1=a2v2
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


37. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Newton
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Gamma
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


38. What does the term potential difference mean?
Impulse is the change in momentum
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


39. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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40. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Gamma
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


41. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


42. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
How quickly you change velocity.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Vertical direction


43. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


44. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
V=kq/R
Diverging


45. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Pascal
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


46. S.I. unit of flux
The graph of force vs displacement
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Weber


47. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
Joule
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Weber


48. What do batteries and generators produce?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


49. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
(mg)sin(angle)
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


50. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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