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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Define mass in terms of density.
m=(rho)V
Impulse is the change in momentum
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Moment arm

2. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The bouncing of light

3. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Convex
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.

4. What is mass energy equivalence?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
m^3/s

5. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
(rho)gh
Open right hand rule
KE = (3/2)kT
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.

6. Under what conditions is heat negative?

7. What is an isotope?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The graph of force vs displacement
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
V=kq/R

8. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Ohm's Law: V=IR

9. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
kg•m/s
Impulse is the change in momentum
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.

10. Force in terms of pressure
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Newton
Force= Pressure/Area
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

11. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
E=V/d
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
velocity
Alpha

12. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
V=kq/R
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
When the body rests on a surface.

13. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Torque
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Pascal

14. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
The volume under water
The bending of light
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
PV=nRT and PV=kT

15. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Newton
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.

16. What is temperature?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Entropy always increases.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Convex

17. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
KE = (3/2)kT

18. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.

19. S.I. unit of torque
N•m
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Watt
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)

20. What shape is a diverging mirror?
m^3/s
A1v1=a2v2
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.

21. What is electromagnetic induction?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Joule
Entropy always increases.

22. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
KE=Work
Watt
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.

23. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Displacement
The velocity is positive
Work
Vertical direction

24. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

25. What does light absorption involve?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The electric field forces charges to move.
Speed ups
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

26. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Impulse
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.

27. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.

28. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Joule
(mg)sin(angle)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.

29. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Zero.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period

30. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
N•m
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.

31. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

32. What is the photoelectric effect?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Something other than zero.

33. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)

34. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The bending of light
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.

35. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
Force= Pressure/Area
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Diverging
The electron

36. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The charge on each capacitor.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
velocity

37. What comprises gamma decay?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.

38. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Initial velocity

39. What causes radioactivity?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The light travels through the image.
Alpha
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.

40. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Newton

41. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
m=(rho)V
Speed ups
Convex
KE = (3/2)kT

42. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Atmospheric pressure
The electron
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.

43. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
KE = (3/2)kT
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
velocity
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.

44. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The volume under water
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.

45. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
No image.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.

46. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.

47. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
The electron
No image.
The velocity is positive
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

48. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

49. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Watt
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)

50. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Impulse is the change in momentum
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Joule
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)