AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Newton
The volume under water
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


2. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Newton
Ohm's Law: V=IR
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Entropy always increases.


3. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


4. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Joule
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


5. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Speed ups
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


6. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


7. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
E=hf
Force= Pressure/Area
Diverging
Something other than zero.


8. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
E=kq/R^2
The velocity is positive
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


9. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
The electron
Newton
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


10. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
m^3/s
(rho)gh
No image.


11. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


12. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
ZERO
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The bouncing of light
W=qV


13. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Zero.
Concave
Displacement


14. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
V=kq/R
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Joule


15. What is transmutation?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Something other than zero.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


16. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Joule
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)


17. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Concave
Tesla
KE = (3/2)kT


18. Unit of electric field
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
V=kq/R
N/C
Gamma


19. What is half life?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Concave
Initial velocity
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


20. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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21. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Speed ups
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


22. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Sum of the torques equal zero.
The charge on each capacitor.
kg•m/s


23. Buoyancy
Work
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


24. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Open right hand rule
Weight ...w=mg
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


25. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


26. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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27. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Convex


28. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
Concave
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
kg•m/s


29. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


30. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Weber
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Joule


31. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


32. How does temperature effect resistance?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
A change in the gas' temperature.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


33. Flow Rate
The velocity is positive
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Newton
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


34. S.I. unit of power
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Watt
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


35. Define reflection
Zero.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The bouncing of light
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


36. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Tesla


37. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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38. What shapes are converging lenses?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


39. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Joule
Vertical direction
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


40. What comprises gamma decay?
Impulse is the change in momentum
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
The velocity is positive
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


41. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
When it is on the same side as the image?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
KE=Work


42. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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43. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
ZERO
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
The graph of force vs displacement


44. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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45. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
Weber
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
F=qE
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


46. What shape is a diverging lenses?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


47. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
A1v1=a2v2
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


48. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
The CHANGE in velocity.
The velocity is positive
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
When a body's speed is changing.


49. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


50. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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