AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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2. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
E=V/d
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


3. What two entities comprise a vector?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Magnitude and direction
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


4. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Diverging
The charge on each capacitor.
Concave
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


5. Define mass in terms of density.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Tesla
m=(rho)V


6. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
N/C
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


7. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
Open right hand rule
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
P=IV
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


8. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


9. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
The velocity is positive
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


10. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


11. How length effect resistance?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


12. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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13. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Joule
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
No image.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


14. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


15. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Initial velocity
Open right hand rule
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


16. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Force= Pressure/Area
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


17. Unit of electric field
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Joule
The velocity is positive
N/C


18. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


19. S.I. unit of momentum
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
kg•m/s


20. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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21. What is the binding energy?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Newton
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


22. What shape is a diverging lenses?
The CHANGE in velocity.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


23. Force in terms of pressure
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Force= Pressure/Area


24. What is an isotope?
No image.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
When it is on the same side as the image?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


25. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
When the body rests on a surface.


26. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


27. What comprises beta radiation?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Joule
Vertical direction
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


28. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
A1v1=a2v2
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


29. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
The velocity is positive
Alpha
When a body's speed is changing.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


30. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Convex
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


31. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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32. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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33. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


34. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
When the body rests on a surface.
Zero.


35. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Convex
Moment arm
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


36. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
Pascal
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Joule
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


37. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
velocity
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


38. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
KE=Work
Magnitude and direction
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


39. What does the term potential difference mean?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Vertical direction
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The bouncing of light


40. What is the strong force?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


41. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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42. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Concave
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
V=kq/R


43. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Vertical direction
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
F=kq1q2/R^2


44. What is impulse?
Magnitude and direction
F=kq1q2/R^2
Impulse is the change in momentum
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


45. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


46. What causes resistance?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The light travels through the image.


47. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


48. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


49. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
Pascal
Joule
When the body rests on a surface.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


50. What did Rutherford discover?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The nucleus
The velocity is positive