AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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2. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Work
No image.
Open right hand rule
Entropy always increases.


3. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Convex
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
E=hf
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


4. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Displacement
No image.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Force= Pressure/Area


5. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


6. Continuity equation
A1v1=a2v2
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Impulse is the change in momentum
(mg)sin(angle)


7. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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8. What is internal energy?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


9. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Tesla


10. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
P=IV
Diverging
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
W=qV


11. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
kg•m/s
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


12. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
m^3/s
F=kq1q2/R^2
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


13. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
E=kq/R^2
Watt
The bending of light
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


14. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
N/C
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


15. S.I. unit of torque
N•m
The volume under water
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


16. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
The electron
No image.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


17. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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18. What do batteries and generators produce?
Gamma
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


19. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Sum of the torques equal zero.


20. What comprises gamma decay?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


21. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


22. How length effect resistance?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
V=kq/R
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


23. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Initial velocity
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


24. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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25. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Initial velocity
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


26. Define Snell's law.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
(rho)gh
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


27. What is an adiabatic process?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


28. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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29. How are velocity and speed different?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Convex


30. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Newton
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Displacement
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


31. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


32. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
W=qV
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
F=kq1q2/R^2
The body is moving at a constant velocity


33. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Alpha
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The electron


34. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Weight ...w=mg
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Impulse is the change in momentum


35. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Tesla
Concave
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


36. What is the photoelectric effect?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


37. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Something other than zero.
No image.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


38. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Newton


39. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


40. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
W=qV
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Alpha
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v


41. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Joule
The bending of light
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
ZERO


42. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Diverging
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


43. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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44. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
V=kq/R
The body is moving at a constant velocity
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


45. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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46. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The electric field forces charges to move.


47. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The CHANGE in velocity.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
N•m
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


48. What shapes are converging lenses?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The graph of force vs displacement
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


49. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
Moment arm
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
N•m


50. Unit of electric field
KE = (3/2)kT
N/C
Joule
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.