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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Work done 'BY' the gas.

2. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Initial velocity

3. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Joule
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Speed ups
Open right hand rule

4. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
Joule
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.

5. What is internal energy?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The graph of force vs displacement

6. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
E=V/d
Moment arm
No image.
V=kq/R

7. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Alpha

8. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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9. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
V=kq/R
Atmospheric pressure
KE=Work

10. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
V=kq/R
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Joule

11. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
E=hf
When a body's speed is changing.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Pascal

12. What is the binding energy?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma

13. Define Snell's law.
m=(rho)V
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The CHANGE in velocity.
W = KE:final - KE:initial

14. When is the image negative for a lens?
V=kq/R
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
When it is on the same side as the image?
m^3/s

15. S.I. unit of flux
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
No image.
Weber
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

16. How does thickness effect resistance?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
How quickly you change velocity.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB

17. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Torque
When it is on the same side as the image?
Newton
N•m

18. S.I. unit of Flow rate
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
m^3/s
Convex

19. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Joule
Newton
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.

20. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
No image.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.

21. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.

22. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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23. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Joule
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.

24. What shape is a converging mirrors?
The charge on each capacitor.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.

25. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)

26. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Joule
Displacement
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh

27. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
When the body rests on a surface.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.

28. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Diverging
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.

29. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
Magnitude and direction
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.

30. Force in terms of pressure
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Force= Pressure/Area

31. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.

32. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Vertical direction
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.

33. Unit of electric field
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
P=IV
N/C

34. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
P=IV
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.

35. S.I. unit of pressure
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Pascal

36. Flow Rate
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)

37. What is transmutation?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Work
When it is on the same side as the image?

38. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
E=kq/R^2
m^3/s

39. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
Newton
Work
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.

40. S.I. Unit of electric force
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Newton
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.

41. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Weight ...w=mg
V=kq/R
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body

42. S.I. unit of work
ZERO
Joule
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.

43. What causes resistance?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Entropy always increases.

44. What is the strong force?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Open right hand rule
W=qV
THe force that holds the nucleus together.

45. What do batteries and generators produce?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
velocity
The charge on each capacitor.

46. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
Zero.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
(mg)sin(angle)
V=kq/R

47. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
V=kq/R
The electron
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)

48. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Displacement
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
When it is on the same side as the image?
The CHANGE in velocity.

49. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Weber
The bouncing of light

50. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
(rho)gh
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
KE = (3/2)kT