AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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2. What is impulse?
W=qV
Impulse is the change in momentum
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Concave


3. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
The bouncing of light
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


4. Gauge Pressure

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5. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Weight ...w=mg


6. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
V=kq/R
W = KE:final - KE:initial


7. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


8. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
When a body's speed is changing.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Joule
In front of the mirror - in the light.


9. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
Diverging
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
When it is on the same side as the image?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


10. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Moment arm
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
E=V/d
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


11. What does the term potential difference mean?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.


12. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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13. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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14. What is the photoelectric effect?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
m^3/s
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


15. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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16. How does impulse relate to force?
The graph of force vs displacement
Impulse is (force)(time)
N•m
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


17. What forces charges to move?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
V=kq/R
Joule
The electric field forces charges to move.


18. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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19. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
E=hf
No image.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Something other than zero.


20. What is the energy of a photon?

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21. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Displacement
Entropy always increases.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


22. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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23. S.I. unit of torque
Vertical direction
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
N•m


24. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
When it is on the same side as the image?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


25. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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26. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Impulse is (force)(time)
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Impulse is the change in momentum


27. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


28. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Newton
Joule
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.


29. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
(rho)gh
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


30. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


31. What makes an image 'real?'
The light travels through the image.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


32. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
velocity
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
A change in the gas' temperature.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


33. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


34. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Diverging
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
V - a Joule/Coulomb


35. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


36. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


37. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


38. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
W = KE:final - KE:initial


39. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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40. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The light travels through the image.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Open right hand rule


41. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
KE = (3/2)kT
Pascal
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


42. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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43. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
The bouncing of light
Concave
Atmospheric pressure
The body is moving at a constant velocity


44. What is the strong force?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Atmospheric pressure
When the body rests on a surface.


45. What is transmutation?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Zero.
Alpha
Joule


46. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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47. How length effect resistance?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Joule


48. What did Thompson discover?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The electron
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


49. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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50. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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