AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The transfer of thermal energy
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


2. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
V=kq/R
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


3. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
Joule
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The charge on each capacitor.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


4. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
KE=Work
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


5. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
(rho)gh
N•m


6. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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7. S.I. unit of momentum
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
kg•m/s
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
N/C


8. What is internal energy?
Moment arm
The motion of the molecules in gas.
N•m
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


9. S.I. unit of torque
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
N•m
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


10. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
When it is on the same side as the image?
A1v1=a2v2
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


11. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Displacement
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


12. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
velocity
P=IV
The velocity is positive


13. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


14. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Concave
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
m^3/s
Impulse is the change in momentum


15. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The body is moving at a constant velocity


16. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Newton
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


17. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Moment arm
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


18. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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19. What is transmutation?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


20. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Work
The motion of the molecules in gas.


21. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Diverging
N•m
The bouncing of light
P=IV


22. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
The electric field forces charges to move.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


23. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Newton
Atmospheric pressure
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


24. Condition for no rotation
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Convex
Something other than zero.
When the body rests on a surface.


25. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


26. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
KE = (3/2)kT


27. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
E=V/d


28. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The bouncing of light
Newton
In front of the mirror - in the light.


29. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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30. What causes resistance?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Newton
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


31. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
When the body rests on a surface.
Impulse is (force)(time)
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


32. What is acceleration?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
How quickly you change velocity.


33. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


34. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
N•m
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


35. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Impulse
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


36. S.I. unit of flux
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Weber
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


37. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


38. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
P=IV
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


39. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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40. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
Concave
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


41. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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42. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


43. Define diffraction
A change in the gas' temperature.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


44. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Torque
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


45. What is an adiabatic process?
When it is on the same side as the image?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


46. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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47. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Gamma
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


48. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


49. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
When it is on the same side as the image?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


50. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The volume under water