AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does light emission involve?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.


2. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


3. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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4. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Joule


5. Define mass in terms of density.
(mg)sin(angle)
m=(rho)V
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Newton


6. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Zero.
Atmospheric pressure
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


7. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
Zero.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
E=V/d
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


8. What comprises beta radiation?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
V=kq/R


9. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
The transfer of thermal energy
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
E=kq/R^2
The charge on each capacitor.


10. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Entropy always increases.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


11. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


12. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


13. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
P=IV
Joule
Speed ups
Sum of the torques equal zero.


14. What did Thompson discover?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
ZERO
The electron


15. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
(rho)gh
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


16. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Moment arm
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


17. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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18. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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19. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
V=kq/R
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
V=kq/R
F=qE


20. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Vertical direction
The electron
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


21. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Torque
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
ZERO


22. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Concave
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
The motion of the molecules in gas.


23. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
E=V/d
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
When the body rests on a surface.


24. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
When the body rests on a surface.
V=kq/R
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


25. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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26. What is temperature?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Moment arm


27. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The volume under water
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


28. What is an isotope?
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Atmospheric pressure


29. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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30. S.I. unit of magnetism
Tesla
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
(rho)gh


31. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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32. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
(mg)sin(angle)


33. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
(rho)gh
The velocity is positive
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


34. What is the strong force?
Impulse is the change in momentum
Vertical direction
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


35. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Gamma
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


36. What is the law of reflection?
Magnitude and direction
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


37. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Vertical direction
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)


38. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
V=kq/R
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Initial velocity


39. How does impulse relate to force?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Convex
Impulse is (force)(time)
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


40. What does the term potential difference mean?
Impulse is (force)(time)
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The graph of force vs displacement
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


41. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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42. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Initial velocity


43. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
(mg)sin(angle)
kg•m/s
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


44. Force in terms of pressure
Force= Pressure/Area
When the body rests on a surface.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


45. What comprises alpha radiation?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
m^3/s


46. Continuity equation
Pascal
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
A1v1=a2v2


47. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


48. What is half life?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
m=(rho)V
Vertical direction


49. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
Something other than zero.
N/C
Watt
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


50. What is mass energy equivalence?
Weight ...w=mg
No image.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.