AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
The velocity is positive
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


2. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


3. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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4. S.I. unit of flux
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Weight ...w=mg
Weber
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


5. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
E=V/d
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Weight ...w=mg


6. What is half life?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
m^3/s
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


7. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Weight ...w=mg
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The nucleus


8. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


9. What comprises beta radiation?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The CHANGE in velocity.


10. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Diverging
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Entropy always increases.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


11. S.I. unit of magnetism
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
When a body's speed is changing.
Tesla
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


12. S.I. unit of pressure
Pascal
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
When it is on the same side as the image?


13. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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14. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


15. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
ZERO
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


16. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
(rho)gh
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


17. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


18. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
When the body rests on a surface.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


19. Define Snell's law.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Concave
(rho)gh
Open right hand rule


20. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Initial velocity


21. Continuity equation
Moment arm
ZERO
How quickly you change velocity.
A1v1=a2v2


22. What is force times time?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Impulse


23. How length effect resistance?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


24. What does light emission involve?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Force= Pressure/Area


25. What did Rutherford discover?
F=kq1q2/R^2
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The nucleus


26. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
F=qE
W = KE:final - KE:initial


27. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
When the body rests on a surface.


28. What causes radioactivity?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
E=hf
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.


29. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Weight ...w=mg
The nucleus
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


30. S.I. unit of Flow rate
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
m^3/s


31. Define reflection
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Open right hand rule
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The bouncing of light


32. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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33. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Something other than zero.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


34. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
How quickly you change velocity.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Open right hand rule
ZERO


35. What comprises alpha radiation?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
The light travels through the image.


36. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
KE=Work


37. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
velocity
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


38. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
m=(rho)V
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


39. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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40. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Joule
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


41. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
F=kq1q2/R^2
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Newton


42. What is transmutation?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Diverging
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
The charge on each capacitor.


43. What is the energy of a photon?

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44. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


45. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
F=qE
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Joule
Convex


46. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Pascal
The CHANGE in velocity.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


47. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
Joule
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Sum of the torques equal zero.


48. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Torque
When a body's speed is changing.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


49. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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50. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
m^3/s
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB