AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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2. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
N/C
When it is on the same side as the image?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The CHANGE in velocity.


3. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
E=V/d
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


4. S.I. unit of flux
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Weber
N/C


5. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


6. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Open right hand rule
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


7. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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8. Work is the area under which curve?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The CHANGE in velocity.
The graph of force vs displacement
Magnitude and direction


9. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The velocity is positive
The volume under water


10. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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11. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Concave
Impulse
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


12. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
V=kq/R
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


13. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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14. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Weight ...w=mg
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


15. What do batteries and generators produce?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Entropy always increases.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Torque


16. What two entities comprise a vector?
Displacement
Magnitude and direction
Impulse is the change in momentum
Atmospheric pressure


17. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
kg•m/s
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


18. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Something other than zero.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


19. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
(rho)gh
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


20. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Concave
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Joule


21. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The light travels through the image.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
E=kq/R^2


22. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
KE = (3/2)kT
In front of the mirror - in the light.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


23. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
ZERO
Impulse is (force)(time)
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


24. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
When it is on the same side as the image?
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Gamma
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


25. Unit of energy for electricity.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


26. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Work
W = KE:final - KE:initial


27. What is transmutation?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
In front of the mirror - in the light.


28. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Impulse is the change in momentum
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.


29. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
(mg)sin(angle)


30. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Atmospheric pressure


31. What is mass energy equivalence?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Zero.


32. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
KE=Work
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
F=kq1q2/R^2


33. What did Thompson discover?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
A change in the gas' temperature.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
The electron


34. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
E=hf
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


35. How are velocity and speed different?
Newton
N•m
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


36. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


37. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
F=kq1q2/R^2
The CHANGE in velocity.
Joule
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


38. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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39. Buoyancy
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
KE = (3/2)kT
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


40. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The graph of force vs displacement
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


41. S.I. unit of momentum
kg•m/s
Magnitude and direction
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


42. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


43. Define Refraction
The charge on each capacitor.
The bending of light
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


44. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
Newton
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
No image.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


45. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


46. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
F=qE
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


47. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The bouncing of light
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.


48. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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49. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
F=kq1q2/R^2
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


50. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
m^3/s
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Alpha