AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
Displacement
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Diverging
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


2. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
(mg)sin(angle)
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


3. What is the photoelectric effect?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


4. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Newton
m=(rho)V


5. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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6. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
Weber
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Impulse is the change in momentum
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


7. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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8. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
The light travels through the image.
Weight ...w=mg
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Newton


9. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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10. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The charge on each capacitor.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


11. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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12. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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13. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
Convex
E=kq/R^2
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


14. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Newton
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


15. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
Impulse is (force)(time)
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
velocity
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


16. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Speed ups


17. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Newton


18. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
No image.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


19. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Torque
(mg)sin(angle)


20. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Moment arm


21. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
PV=nRT and PV=kT


22. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


23. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
The velocity is positive
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
m^3/s


24. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
When it is on the same side as the image?
(mg)sin(angle)
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


25. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Weight ...w=mg
Concave
The velocity is positive
The electron


26. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
P=IV
A change in the gas' temperature.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


27. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


28. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
E=kq/R^2
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


29. S.I. unit of pressure
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
m^3/s
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Pascal


30. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Zero.


31. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
W=qV
Force= Pressure/Area


32. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Atmospheric pressure


33. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
P=IV
KE=Work
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
A1v1=a2v2


34. S.I. unit of work
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Joule
Weber


35. Energy of a SINGLE photon
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Pascal
E=hf
The graph of force vs displacement


36. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Convex


37. Define Snell's law.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Convex


38. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
E=V/d
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The volume under water
Impulse


39. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Watt
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
m=(rho)V


40. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
When a body's speed is changing.
V=kq/R


41. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
(rho)gh
When it is on the same side as the image?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


42. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


43. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
KE = (3/2)kT
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


44. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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45. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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46. What makes an image 'real?'
m^3/s
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The light travels through the image.
ZERO


47. What does light emission involve?
N/C
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.


48. Flow Rate
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The graph of force vs displacement


49. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The volume under water
How quickly you change velocity.
Watt


50. What two entities comprise a vector?
Magnitude and direction
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Newton
THe force that holds the nucleus together.