AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


2. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
(mg)sin(angle)
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


3. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Concave


4. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


5. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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6. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
The volume under water
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Displacement
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


7. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.


8. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


9. What is Huygen's Principle?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


10. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
ZERO
E=V/d
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


11. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
W=qV


12. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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13. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


14. How are velocity and speed different?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


15. How does temperature effect resistance?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
m^3/s
The bending of light
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.


16. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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17. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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18. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Newton
No image.
Gamma


19. What is internal energy?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The nucleus


20. What is heat?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
The transfer of thermal energy
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


21. Force in terms of pressure
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Force= Pressure/Area
Moment arm
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


22. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Concave
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


23. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Newton
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


24. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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25. What causes radioactivity?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


26. Define mass in terms of density.
The graph of force vs displacement
m=(rho)V
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
P=IV


27. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Moment arm
The electron
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


28. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


29. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
The velocity is positive
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
E=kq/R^2


30. S.I. unit of power
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Watt
Impulse


31. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
E=kq/R^2
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v


32. What is force times time?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Impulse


33. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Newton
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


34. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
Joule
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


35. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
Alpha
Zero.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
In front of the mirror - in the light.


36. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
V=kq/R
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


37. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Impulse is (force)(time)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


38. Unit of electric field
N/C
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


39. How can total momentum be calculated?
Open right hand rule
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


40. Define Refraction
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
V=kq/R
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The bending of light


41. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


42. S.I. unit of pressure
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Pascal
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


43. What two entities comprise a vector?
Newton
V - a Joule/Coulomb
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Magnitude and direction


44. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Work
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Weber


45. Define Snell's law.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
When it is on the same side as the image?
The electron


46. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


47. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Concave
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


48. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
E=hf
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


49. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
No image.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Alpha


50. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The velocity is positive
Atmospheric pressure
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.