AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
(mg)sin(angle)
Newton
Gamma


2. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


3. Unit of electric field
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
velocity
N/C
KE=Work


4. S.I. unit of power
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Watt
W = KE:final - KE:initial


5. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
V=kq/R
The transfer of thermal energy
Impulse is the change in momentum
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


6. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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7. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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8. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
A1v1=a2v2
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Entropy always increases.


9. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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10. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
F=qE
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


11. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
F=kq1q2/R^2
V=kq/R
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


12. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Joule
Newton
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


13. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
The bouncing of light
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Gamma
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


14. What is acceleration?
The charge on each capacitor.
(mg)sin(angle)
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
How quickly you change velocity.


15. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Tesla
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


16. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Convex
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


17. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


18. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Impulse is (force)(time)
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


19. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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20. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
V=kq/R
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
(rho)gh
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


21. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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22. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
The velocity is positive
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


23. How does thickness effect resistance?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Weight ...w=mg
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


24. What is the area under any PV curve?

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25. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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26. S.I. unit of frictional force
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Newton


27. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Concave
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


28. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
A change in the gas' temperature.


29. Force in terms of pressure
Force= Pressure/Area
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The graph of force vs displacement
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


30. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Alpha
Concave
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Speed ups


31. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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32. What is electromagnetic induction?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Weber
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Joule


33. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
KE = (3/2)kT
Impulse is (force)(time)
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


34. What forces charges to move?
The electron
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
The electric field forces charges to move.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


35. What are the three types of radiation?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
KE=Work


36. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
m^3/s
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


37. What is an isotope?
The nucleus
Gamma
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The light travels through the image.


38. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
The CHANGE in velocity.


39. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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40. What is temperature?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Joule
Impulse is (force)(time)
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


41. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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42. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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43. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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44. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
Impulse is the change in momentum
Work
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


45. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Displacement


46. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
ZERO
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Weber
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


47. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


48. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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49. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


50. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Open right hand rule
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.