AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
m^3/s
The volume under water
(mg)sin(angle)


2. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


3. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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4. S.I. unit of Flow rate
m^3/s
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


5. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
V=kq/R
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


6. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
E=kq/R^2
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
N/C


7. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


8. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


9. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
The volume under water
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
F=kq1q2/R^2


10. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


11. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
When a body's speed is changing.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
E=V/d


12. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
(rho)gh
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


13. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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14. What happens at the critical angle?
(rho)gh
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.


15. Flow Rate
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Newton
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.


16. What does the term potential difference mean?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Diverging
In front of the mirror - in the light.


17. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
When the body rests on a surface.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
m^3/s
Newton


18. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


19. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
ZERO
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


20. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


21. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


22. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
m=(rho)V
(mg)sin(angle)


23. How are velocity and speed different?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


24. Energy of a SINGLE photon
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
E=hf
Diverging


25. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Entropy always increases.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


26. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Tesla
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


27. What is internal energy?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Moment arm


28. What makes an image 'real?'
The light travels through the image.
W=qV
Pascal
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


29. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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30. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
N•m
Diverging
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


31. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The transfer of thermal energy
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Alpha


32. What did Thompson discover?
The electron
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Ohm's Law: V=IR


33. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


34. What is electromagnetic induction?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


35. What is the binding energy?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Force= Pressure/Area


36. Continuity equation
A1v1=a2v2
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Concave


37. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
Alpha
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


38. S.I. unit of momentum
kg•m/s
Newton
The electron
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


39. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
F=qE
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
No image.


40. What is transmutation?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


41. What is an isotope?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
V=kq/R
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


42. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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43. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Torque
A1v1=a2v2


44. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Joule
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


45. What are the three types of radiation?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Displacement
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


46. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Speed ups
Joule
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


47. Define mass in terms of density.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
(mg)sin(angle)
m=(rho)V
The CHANGE in velocity.


48. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
Alpha
Newton
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


49. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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50. Unit of electric field
(mg)sin(angle)
m=(rho)V
N/C
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.