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AP Physics

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
The velocity is positive
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
(mg)sin(angle)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.

2. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
F=kq1q2/R^2
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Joule
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.

3. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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4. Unit of electric field
Open right hand rule
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
N/C
Alpha

5. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Pascal
The motion of the molecules in gas.

6. How are velocity and speed different?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Gamma
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.

7. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t

8. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
V=kq/R

9. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)

10. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.

11. When is the image negative for a lens?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Entropy always increases.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)

12. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Work

13. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The volume under water
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.

14. What is transmutation?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.

15. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
N/C
Torque
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)

16. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Alpha
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.

17. What is heat?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
The transfer of thermal energy
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)

18. What did Thompson discover?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
The electron
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.

19. What shapes are converging lenses?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The volume under water

20. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
kg•m/s
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
F=qE

21. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.

22. S.I. unit of work
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Joule

23. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Joule
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Concave

24. What is the area under any PV curve?

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25. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Impulse is the change in momentum
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)

26. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The light travels through the image.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.

27. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Displacement
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.

28. S.I. unit of flux
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
How quickly you change velocity.
Weber
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.

29. S.I. unit of pressure
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Pascal
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)

30. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
F=kq1q2/R^2

31. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
No image.
When the body rests on a surface.

32. S.I. unit of frictional force
Newton
Joule
The CHANGE in velocity.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.

33. What shape is a diverging lenses?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
ZERO

34. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Weber
Moment arm
The nucleus
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.

35. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
KE=Work

36. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Impulse is (force)(time)
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.

37. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The light travels through the image.
Newton

38. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v

39. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.

40. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
V=kq/R
Concave
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.

41. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.

42. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.

43. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Convex
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.

44. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.

45. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
The velocity is positive
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.

46. What happens at the critical angle?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
E=hf

47. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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48. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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49. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
velocity
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.

50. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The light travels through the image.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Convex
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)

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AP Physics

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