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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
Newton
F=kq1q2/R^2
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Joule

2. What causes radioactivity?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.

3. How are velocity and speed different?
When the body rests on a surface.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.

4. S.I. unit of frictional force
V=kq/R
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Newton

5. What is the energy of a photon?

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6. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
V=kq/R

7. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.

8. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
Work
KE = (3/2)kT
Something other than zero.
W=qV

9. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
KE = (3/2)kT
(mg)sin(angle)
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant

10. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
F=kq1q2/R^2
The CHANGE in velocity.
The electron

11. What is the binding energy?
Diverging
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
KE = (3/2)kT
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2

12. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
The charge on each capacitor.
Concave
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v

13. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
The light travels through the image.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
F=kq1q2/R^2
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.

14. What did Thompson discover?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The electron

15. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.

16. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.

17. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
The velocity is positive
(rho)gh
E=V/d
Impulse

18. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)

19. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Zero.
The charge on each capacitor.

20. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.

21. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Newton

22. What is an adiabatic process?
The velocity is positive
Watt
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.

23. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
KE = (3/2)kT

24. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Convex
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Impulse

25. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.

26. How does thickness effect resistance?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
velocity

27. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)

28. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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29. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
P=IV
When the body rests on a surface.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
ZERO

30. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Joule
Something other than zero.

31. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Pascal

32. S.I. unit of Flow rate
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
m^3/s
No image.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.

33. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
Atmospheric pressure
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
KE=Work

34. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
No image.
KE = (3/2)kT
The electric field forces charges to move.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2

35. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
E=kq/R^2

36. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
(mg)sin(angle)
E=hf
When the body rests on a surface.

37. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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38. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
The volume under water
Vertical direction
Concave
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)

39. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
The graph of force vs displacement
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.

40. What do batteries and generators produce?
Moment arm
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.

41. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Speed ups
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The velocity is positive

42. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Gamma
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.

43. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Gamma
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Weber

44. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
Pascal
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.

45. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
(mg)sin(angle)
Tesla
KE = (3/2)kT
The electric field forces charges to move.

46. What is impulse?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Impulse is the change in momentum
When it is on the same side as the image?
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.

47. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
No image.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Newton

48. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
The bending of light
Diverging
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.

49. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Concave

50. What is heat?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Watt
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The transfer of thermal energy