AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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2. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
velocity
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The motion of the molecules in gas.


3. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
velocity
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Impulse
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


4. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


5. What is an isotope?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


6. Gauge Pressure

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7. How does thickness effect resistance?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


8. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.


9. S.I. unit of power
ZERO
Watt
Torque
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


10. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
(rho)gh
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


11. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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12. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
m=(rho)V
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
When the body rests on a surface.


13. What is force times time?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Impulse


14. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
kg•m/s
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
W=qV
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


15. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Atmospheric pressure
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
(mg)sin(angle)


16. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The velocity is positive


17. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Torque
Weber


18. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
The electron
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


19. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
Diverging
Newton
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


20. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
E=hf
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


21. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The volume under water
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


22. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
E=kq/R^2
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
How quickly you change velocity.


23. Define diffraction
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The bouncing of light
m=(rho)V
Something other than zero.


24. How does impulse relate to force?
N•m
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Impulse is (force)(time)
m^3/s


25. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
E=V/d
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The bending of light


26. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
E=V/d


27. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
F=qE
The charge on each capacitor.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


28. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
A1v1=a2v2


29. Define Snell's law.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
In front of the mirror - in the light.


30. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Newton
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


31. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


32. What happens at the critical angle?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Pascal
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


33. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Magnitude and direction
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


34. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Watt
N/C


35. Energy of a SINGLE photon
E=hf
Newton
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


36. What shapes are converging lenses?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
The graph of force vs displacement
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The transfer of thermal energy


37. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Joule
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


38. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


39. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Joule
When a body's speed is changing.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


40. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


41. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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42. S.I. unit of Flow rate
The bouncing of light
N•m
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
m^3/s


43. Force in terms of pressure
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Force= Pressure/Area
Work done 'BY' the gas.
KE=Work


44. What does the term potential difference mean?
KE=Work
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Alpha


45. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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46. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The CHANGE in velocity.


47. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


48. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
When the body rests on a surface.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Magnitude and direction
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


49. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Speed ups
Work done 'BY' the gas.


50. What is transmutation?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
F=kq1q2/R^2
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...