AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Unit of electric field
N/C
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


2. Define mass in terms of density.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
m=(rho)V
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


3. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
The electron
Torque
F=qE
The CHANGE in velocity.


4. What comprises gamma decay?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


5. How does temperature effect resistance?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The bouncing of light
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
The electron


6. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Pascal
Vertical direction
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


7. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
velocity
F=qE
Force= Pressure/Area


8. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
The CHANGE in velocity.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


9. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
The transfer of thermal energy
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


10. S.I. unit of momentum
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
kg•m/s


11. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Work
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


12. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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13. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Force= Pressure/Area
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


14. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Concave


15. How does thickness effect resistance?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Diverging
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Impulse is (force)(time)


16. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
W=qV


17. S.I. unit of magnetism
Pascal
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Tesla
N/C


18. S.I. unit of frictional force
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Newton


19. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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20. How are velocity and speed different?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
N•m
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


21. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
KE=Work
m^3/s
Joule


22. What is transmutation?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
velocity
In front of the mirror - in the light.


23. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
The volume under water
Gamma
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


24. What is the area under any PV curve?

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25. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Newton
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Open right hand rule


26. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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27. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
velocity
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


28. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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29. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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30. What does light emission involve?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
A1v1=a2v2
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Impulse


31. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
Zero.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


32. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


33. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


34. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Something other than zero.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Entropy always increases.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


35. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
ZERO
E=V/d
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


36. What is an isotope?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


37. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
Atmospheric pressure
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Pascal


38. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
In front of the mirror - in the light.


39. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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40. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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41. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The transfer of thermal energy
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
A1v1=a2v2


42. What is an adiabatic process?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
P=IV
ZERO
The graph of force vs displacement


43. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
No image.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Newton


44. What is force times time?
KE = (3/2)kT
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The bending of light
Impulse


45. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
E=hf
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


46. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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47. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
Something other than zero.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


48. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Joule
Newton


49. What shapes are converging lenses?
m=(rho)V
The volume under water
Joule
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


50. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.