Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What shapes are converging lenses?
Magnitude and direction
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
(mg)sin(angle)
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


2. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Weight ...w=mg
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Vertical direction
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


3. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
KE=Work


4. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
E=V/d
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


5. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Gamma
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
E=kq/R^2
A1v1=a2v2


6. Define diffraction
Weight ...w=mg
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


7. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


8. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
(mg)sin(angle)
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
kg•m/s


9. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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10. How are velocity and speed different?
The bending of light
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The electric field forces charges to move.


11. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
F=kq1q2/R^2
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Watt
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


12. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Joule
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


13. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The electron
The volume under water


14. S.I. unit of frictional force
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Newton
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The velocity is positive


15. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


16. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
velocity
P=IV
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


17. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


18. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Joule
How quickly you change velocity.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


19. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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20. What is the energy of a photon?

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21. What did Thompson discover?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The electron
Diverging
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


22. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
V=kq/R
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


23. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Force= Pressure/Area
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Vertical direction


24. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
Impulse is the change in momentum
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
The charge on each capacitor.


25. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Speed ups
The CHANGE in velocity.


26. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
A1v1=a2v2
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


27. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
KE = (3/2)kT
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


28. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


29. What is the area under any PV curve?

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30. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Displacement
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


31. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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32. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
No image.


33. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The light travels through the image.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


34. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Work
Impulse is (force)(time)
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


35. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
The bouncing of light


36. What shape is a diverging lenses?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
kg•m/s
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


37. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


38. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
kg•m/s
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


39. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
m=(rho)V
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


40. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The bouncing of light
Weber
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


41. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Weight ...w=mg
KE = (3/2)kT


42. What is the law of reflection?
Joule
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
m=(rho)V


43. How does impulse relate to force?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Impulse is (force)(time)
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


44. What is half life?
E=kq/R^2
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


45. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
The graph of force vs displacement
Alpha
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


46. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
m^3/s
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


47. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...


48. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
velocity
N/C
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


49. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Impulse is the change in momentum
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


50. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.