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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
velocity
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.

2. Unit of energy for electricity.
Initial velocity
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.

3. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Speed ups
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)

4. What is the strong force?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The electron
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.

5. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
m=(rho)V
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Joule

6. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
m=(rho)V

7. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
W=qV
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.

8. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The charge on each capacitor.

9. Unit of electric field
Speed ups
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
(mg)sin(angle)
N/C

10. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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11. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Newton
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Weight ...w=mg
velocity

12. What did Rutherford discover?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
The nucleus
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.

13. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
The volume under water
E=hf

14. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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15. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
V=kq/R

16. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
Pascal
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Impulse
The CHANGE in velocity.

17. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The CHANGE in velocity.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.

18. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period

19. What is an isotope?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.

20. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
The CHANGE in velocity.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
ZERO
Impulse is the change in momentum

21. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
The volume under water
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Alpha

22. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.

23. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
(rho)gh
F=kq1q2/R^2
The transfer of thermal energy
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)

24. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Convex
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)

25. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The volume under water
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.

26. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Pascal
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.

27. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
E=V/d
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2

28. Define reflection
Open right hand rule
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The bouncing of light
Magnitude and direction

29. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
The bending of light
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

30. What is the photoelectric effect?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.

31. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.

32. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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33. S.I. unit of power
Watt
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Impulse is (force)(time)

34. What is internal energy?
Tesla
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.

35. What comprises gamma decay?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
How quickly you change velocity.
Convex
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.

36. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Impulse is the change in momentum
P=IV

37. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.

38. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Force= Pressure/Area
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.

39. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Impulse is (force)(time)
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
The light travels through the image.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB

40. What is acceleration?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
How quickly you change velocity.
Diverging

41. What is electromagnetic induction?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Weber

42. What is an adiabatic process?
KE = (3/2)kT
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Tesla

43. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The nucleus
Moment arm
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)

44. Define Snell's law.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.

45. What makes an image 'real?'
Displacement
The light travels through the image.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
When it is on the same side as the image?

46. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
A1v1=a2v2
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Vertical direction

47. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Force= Pressure/Area
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
The velocity is positive

48. S.I. unit of Flow rate
E=hf
m^3/s
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.

49. What is impulse?
Impulse is the change in momentum
F=qE
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.

50. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
When the body rests on a surface.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Atmospheric pressure
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.