AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


2. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
Alpha
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Something other than zero.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


3. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Newton


4. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


5. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


6. What causes radioactivity?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
How quickly you change velocity.
Work


7. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
KE = (3/2)kT
Impulse is the change in momentum
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


8. What two entities comprise a vector?
Force= Pressure/Area
Magnitude and direction
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


9. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
The light travels through the image.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


10. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


11. What did Rutherford discover?
The nucleus
Weight ...w=mg
The volume under water
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


12. S.I. unit of pressure
Joule
Pascal
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Initial velocity


13. How are velocity and speed different?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
m=(rho)V
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


14. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


15. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Initial velocity
When the body rests on a surface.
The charge on each capacitor.


16. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Vertical direction
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


17. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period


18. Unit of electric field
The charge on each capacitor.
Convex
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
N/C


19. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The bouncing of light
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


20. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
The bouncing of light
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Newton
F=kq1q2/R^2


21. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
The CHANGE in velocity.
(mg)sin(angle)
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.


22. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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23. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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24. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Joule


25. What is the binding energy?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Displacement
The charge on each capacitor.


26. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
P=IV
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Impulse
PV=nRT and PV=kT


27. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Moment arm
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
velocity


28. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
A1v1=a2v2
Newton


29. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
Initial velocity
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
E=kq/R^2


30. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


31. What is half life?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Impulse is (force)(time)


32. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
W=qV
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Impulse
F=qE


33. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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34. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


35. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
KE = (3/2)kT
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


36. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Joule
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Magnitude and direction
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


37. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
Magnitude and direction
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The transfer of thermal energy
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


38. What is acceleration?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
How quickly you change velocity.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


39. How length effect resistance?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
How quickly you change velocity.
m=(rho)V
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.


40. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Newton


41. S.I. unit of work
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Joule


42. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Convex
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


43. Condition for no rotation
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Zero.
Sum of the torques equal zero.


44. What does light absorption involve?
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


45. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
ZERO
Tesla


46. What is the photoelectric effect?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Work
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


47. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


48. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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49. What is the area under any PV curve?

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50. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
PV=nRT and PV=kT