AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is acceleration?
How quickly you change velocity.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
E=hf


2. What is electromagnetic induction?
Magnitude and direction
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


3. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.


4. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
kg•m/s
W=qV


5. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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6. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
KE=Work
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Weight ...w=mg


7. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


8. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Vertical direction
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


9. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Moment arm
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


10. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Tesla
Convex


11. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Convex
velocity
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


12. What is Huygen's Principle?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Impulse
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


13. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The CHANGE in velocity.


14. What does the term potential difference mean?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


15. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
N/C
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


16. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Convex
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


17. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
The electric field forces charges to move.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
KE = (3/2)kT
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


18. What shapes are converging lenses?
E=hf
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Newton
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


19. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
V=kq/R
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
P=IV
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


20. What causes radioactivity?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Speed ups
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.


21. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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22. What is an isotope?
Moment arm
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


23. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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24. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
The charge on each capacitor.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Open right hand rule


25. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


26. How does thickness effect resistance?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Initial velocity
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


27. S.I. unit of flux
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Weber


28. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Force= Pressure/Area
Joule
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


29. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
(mg)sin(angle)
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Joule


30. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Concave
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The body is moving at a constant velocity


31. What happens at the critical angle?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Tesla
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


32. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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33. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Joule
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.


34. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
The volume under water
N/C


35. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Newton


36. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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37. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Newton
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Entropy always increases.


38. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
The bending of light
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Diverging


39. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
V=kq/R
The charge on each capacitor.
Newton
Torque


40. What is the strong force?
Force= Pressure/Area
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The light travels through the image.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


41. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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42. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Alpha
Gamma
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


43. What causes resistance?
KE = (3/2)kT
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Tesla
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.


44. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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45. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Pascal
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


46. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


47. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


48. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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49. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
ZERO
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


50. Unit of energy for electricity.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
V - a Joule/Coulomb