AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


2. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Pascal
W=qV
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


3. Continuity equation
A1v1=a2v2
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Displacement


4. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
The volume under water
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Displacement
Newton


5. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The bending of light
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


6. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


7. What shape is a diverging mirror?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Concave


8. What is acceleration?
Joule
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Concave
How quickly you change velocity.


9. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


10. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
ZERO
m^3/s


11. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


12. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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13. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
m^3/s
V=kq/R
The velocity is positive
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.


14. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
F=qE
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


15. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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16. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


17. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


18. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
Impulse
Zero.
F=kq1q2/R^2
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


19. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Newton
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


20. What do batteries and generators produce?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Tesla
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
V=kq/R


21. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


22. Define mass in terms of density.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Newton
Ohm's Law: V=IR
m=(rho)V


23. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
How quickly you change velocity.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
PV=nRT and PV=kT


24. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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25. What is transmutation?
Entropy always increases.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


26. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
m=(rho)V
The bending of light
KE=Work
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


27. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Impulse is the change in momentum
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


28. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
No image.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The volume under water


29. When is the image negative for a lens?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
m^3/s
When it is on the same side as the image?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


30. What is temperature?
Open right hand rule
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Displacement


31. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
A1v1=a2v2
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


32. What is electromagnetic induction?
E=hf
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v


33. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
P=IV


34. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


35. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
Convex
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
N/C
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


36. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Zero.
A1v1=a2v2


37. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Zero.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


38. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Open right hand rule
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


39. S.I. unit of work
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Joule
Initial velocity
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


40. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


41. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
F=qE
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
In front of the mirror - in the light.


42. What is heat?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Initial velocity
The transfer of thermal energy
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


43. S.I. unit of frictional force
Entropy always increases.
Newton
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Impulse is (force)(time)


44. What is the area under any PV curve?

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45. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
The bending of light
A1v1=a2v2
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


46. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
kg•m/s
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Magnitude and direction
Alpha


47. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Vertical direction
m^3/s
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


48. What does the term potential difference mean?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Joule
F=qE
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


49. What did Rutherford discover?
The nucleus
Speed ups
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


50. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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