AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Joule
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


2. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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3. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Zero.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


4. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.


5. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
The bouncing of light
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


6. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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7. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Alpha
Joule


8. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Moment arm
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


9. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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10. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
The nucleus
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


11. S.I. Unit of electric force
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Newton


12. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The charge on each capacitor.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


13. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
Joule
When the body rests on a surface.
Impulse
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


14. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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15. S.I. unit of power
The bending of light
Watt
The light travels through the image.
Newton


16. S.I. unit of frictional force
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Newton
Force= Pressure/Area
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


17. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
velocity
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


18. S.I. unit of Flow rate
m^3/s
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
E=V/d
Convex


19. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Concave
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.


20. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The transfer of thermal energy
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


21. What is the photoelectric effect?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


22. Gauge Pressure

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23. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The charge on each capacitor.


24. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
KE=Work
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Torque


25. Define reflection
The bouncing of light
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Moment arm
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


26. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


27. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
Impulse is the change in momentum
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
E=V/d
The transfer of thermal energy


28. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
Weight ...w=mg
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
W = KE:final - KE:initial


29. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
When the body rests on a surface.
Pascal
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


30. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


31. Condition for no rotation
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


32. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Impulse
F=qE
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


33. How can total momentum be calculated?
N/C
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


34. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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35. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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36. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
F=qE
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Atmospheric pressure


37. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
N•m
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
F=kq1q2/R^2


38. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
PV=nRT and PV=kT
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The CHANGE in velocity.


39. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The nucleus
Concave


40. What comprises alpha radiation?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Vertical direction
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


41. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Force= Pressure/Area
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


42. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Convex
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


43. What is the energy of a photon?

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44. What is impulse?
Impulse is the change in momentum
Pascal
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.


45. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
N/C
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


46. What comprises gamma decay?
Joule
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


47. S.I. unit of flux
Diverging
The light travels through the image.
Weber
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


48. What does light absorption involve?
m^3/s
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Weight ...w=mg


49. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
The CHANGE in velocity.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


50. What is acceleration?
How quickly you change velocity.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.