AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
velocity


2. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Initial velocity
F=qE
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


3. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
(mg)sin(angle)
velocity
Torque
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


4. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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5. What is the law of reflection?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Joule
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
The transfer of thermal energy


6. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
The velocity is positive
W=qV
The nucleus
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


7. Define diffraction
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
A change in the gas' temperature.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


8. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


9. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Work


10. Define Snell's law.
Gamma
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


11. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
P=IV


12. What do batteries and generators produce?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Convex
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


13. S.I. unit of work
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Joule
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


14. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
(rho)gh
Newton


15. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
A1v1=a2v2
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Impulse
Concave


16. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Weight ...w=mg
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


17. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


18. What shape is a diverging mirror?
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Gamma
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


19. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
KE=Work
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


20. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


21. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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22. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


23. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
Weber
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
PV=nRT and PV=kT


24. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
(rho)gh
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


25. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
V=kq/R
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.


26. What did Thompson discover?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The electron
A change in the gas' temperature.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


27. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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28. What is impulse?
Convex
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


29. What is electromagnetic induction?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
V=kq/R
The electric field forces charges to move.


30. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The CHANGE in velocity.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


31. What is force times time?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Impulse
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


32. What is the energy of a photon?

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33. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
(rho)gh
Impulse
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


34. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Torque
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


35. What happens at the critical angle?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
The nucleus


36. What comprises gamma decay?
Joule
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.


37. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
V=kq/R
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


38. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


39. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Concave


40. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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41. What is mass energy equivalence?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Pascal
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


42. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Alpha
Joule


43. What does light emission involve?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


44. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The light travels through the image.
V=kq/R
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


45. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


46. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
E=hf
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


47. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The volume under water


48. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
The charge on each capacitor.
Gamma
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...


49. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
KE=Work
W = KE:final - KE:initial


50. What is the strong force?
Entropy always increases.
The transfer of thermal energy
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
THe force that holds the nucleus together.