AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Alpha
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
(rho)gh
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


2. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
N/C
velocity
Displacement
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.


3. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
Entropy always increases.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The charge on each capacitor.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


4. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
When the body rests on a surface.
When a body's speed is changing.


5. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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6. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


7. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
Force= Pressure/Area
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


8. S.I. unit of power
Concave
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Watt
Atmospheric pressure


9. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Newton
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


10. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Convex
The transfer of thermal energy
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


11. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Zero.
(rho)gh
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


12. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v


13. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The charge on each capacitor.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The electric field forces charges to move.


14. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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15. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The charge on each capacitor.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


16. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Newton
Atmospheric pressure


17. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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18. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The electron
Sum of the torques equal zero.


19. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The CHANGE in velocity.
F=kq1q2/R^2
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


20. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
(rho)gh


21. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


22. What comprises gamma decay?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


23. S.I. unit of torque
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
N•m
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


24. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
KE=Work
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Work done 'BY' the gas.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


25. What does light emission involve?
Alpha
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The light travels through the image.


26. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Newton
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
E=kq/R^2


27. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Joule
No image.
Sum of the torques equal zero.


28. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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29. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Weight ...w=mg
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


30. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Work
Atmospheric pressure
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


31. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Atmospheric pressure
(rho)gh
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


32. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Joule
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


33. What is Huygen's Principle?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
velocity
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


34. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
kg•m/s
Diverging


35. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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36. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Concave
V=kq/R


37. What causes resistance?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Open right hand rule
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.


38. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Concave
Displacement
Diverging
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)


39. How does temperature effect resistance?
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
velocity
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


40. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
How quickly you change velocity.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


41. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Torque
Watt
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


42. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The electron
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


43. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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44. What shape is a diverging mirror?
A change in the gas' temperature.
Weight ...w=mg
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.


45. How are velocity and speed different?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
The CHANGE in velocity.


46. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Concave


47. S.I. unit of Flow rate
m^3/s
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
P=IV
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


48. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
V=kq/R


49. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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50. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
E=kq/R^2