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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. S.I. unit of centripetal force
Newton
V - a Joule/Coulomb
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
When it is on the same side as the image?

2. What did Rutherford discover?
The nucleus
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

3. What does light absorption involve?
E=kq/R^2
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

4. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
KE = (3/2)kT

5. What does the term potential difference mean?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
E=hf

6. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.

7. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The velocity is positive
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
V=kq/R

8. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4

9. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.

10. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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11. What shape is a diverging mirror?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...

12. Define diffraction
The CHANGE in velocity.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Newton
Convex

13. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Alpha

14. Force in terms of pressure
KE = (3/2)kT
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Joule
Force= Pressure/Area

15. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The transfer of thermal energy
A1v1=a2v2
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.

16. What is the energy of a photon?

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17. How does impulse relate to force?
Impulse is (force)(time)
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.

18. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
N/C
E=kq/R^2
(rho)gh

19. What shape is a diverging lenses?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Diverging
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.

20. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Tesla
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Moment arm

21. S.I. unit of power
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Watt
velocity
m=(rho)V

22. S.I. unit of torque
N•m
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)

23. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
(mg)sin(angle)
The electron

24. When is the image negative for a lens?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Moment arm
When it is on the same side as the image?

25. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Concave

26. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Alpha
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
m=(rho)V

27. What two entities comprise a vector?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Magnitude and direction
N•m

28. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
(rho)gh
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.

29. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
The electron
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.

30. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)

31. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
m=(rho)V
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Ohm's Law: V=IR

32. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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33. What is force times time?
Vertical direction
Impulse
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.

34. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Open right hand rule
Watt
In front of the mirror - in the light.

35. How does temperature effect resistance?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
kg•m/s
E=V/d
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.

36. Define reflection
In front of the mirror - in the light.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
When it is on the same side as the image?
The bouncing of light

37. S.I. unit of Flow rate
Initial velocity
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
m^3/s

38. Define Snell's law.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Open right hand rule
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial

39. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
ZERO
W = KE:final - KE:initial

40. How are velocity and speed different?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Impulse is (force)(time)
Speed ups
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.

41. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.

42. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
How quickly you change velocity.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.

43. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
When a body's speed is changing.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

44. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.

45. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Concave
PV=nRT and PV=kT
velocity
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.

46. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

47. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)

48. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.

49. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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50. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Weber