AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Atmospheric pressure
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


2. Flow Rate
The nucleus
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The graph of force vs displacement
The charge on each capacitor.


3. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


4. Buoyancy
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


5. What does the term potential difference mean?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


6. Unit of energy for electricity.
F=qE
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


7. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
N•m


8. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The electric field forces charges to move.
When it is on the same side as the image?
(mg)sin(angle)


9. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The nucleus
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


10. What is an isotope?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Concave
W=qV
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


11. What did Rutherford discover?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The nucleus
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


12. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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13. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Impulse is (force)(time)
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


14. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


15. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
N•m
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The volume under water


16. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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17. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Vertical direction
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


18. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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19. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Torque
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


20. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


21. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Force= Pressure/Area


22. Gauge Pressure

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23. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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24. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
Newton
E=V/d
Force= Pressure/Area
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...


25. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


26. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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27. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
Atmospheric pressure
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


28. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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29. What does light emission involve?
Newton
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
velocity
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


30. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
ZERO
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


31. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Weber
Diverging


32. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
(mg)sin(angle)
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Atmospheric pressure


33. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Pascal
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
A1v1=a2v2


34. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


35. Continuity equation
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
A1v1=a2v2


36. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


37. S.I. unit of magnetism
A1v1=a2v2
Tesla
E=V/d
Newton


38. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Joule
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


39. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
P=IV
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


40. S.I. unit of momentum
Open right hand rule
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
kg•m/s
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


41. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Open right hand rule
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


42. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Alpha
A change in the gas' temperature.
Speed ups
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


43. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
KE = (3/2)kT
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


44. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Force= Pressure/Area
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
KE = (3/2)kT


45. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


46. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
V=kq/R
Watt


47. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
ZERO
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


48. Define diffraction
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
V=kq/R
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


49. Work is the area under which curve?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The graph of force vs displacement
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


50. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Work
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.