AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What comprises gamma decay?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


2. S.I. unit of power
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Watt
V=kq/R


3. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
E=kq/R^2
Zero.
The velocity is positive
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


4. What comprises alpha radiation?
Work
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Newton
Moment arm


5. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
The charge on each capacitor.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


6. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


7. What is the binding energy?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Moment arm


8. Force in terms of pressure
Force= Pressure/Area
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Watt


9. Unit of electric field
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
N/C
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


10. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
F=kq1q2/R^2
Moment arm
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


11. What is transmutation?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
PV=nRT and PV=kT
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


12. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


13. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
Newton
ZERO
How quickly you change velocity.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


14. What is temperature?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


15. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
V=kq/R
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
The electric field forces charges to move.


16. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
V=kq/R
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


17. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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18. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Gamma
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


19. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


20. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


21. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The electron
The CHANGE in velocity.


22. S.I. unit of momentum
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
kg•m/s
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Zero.


23. How does temperature effect resistance?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Moment arm
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


24. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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25. S.I. unit of pressure
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Torque
Pascal


26. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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27. Define Snell's law.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
V=kq/R
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


28. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


29. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


30. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


31. What shape is a converging mirrors?
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


32. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The bending of light
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


33. What is an adiabatic process?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Concave
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


34. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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35. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
When it is on the same side as the image?
A change in the gas' temperature.


36. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Concave
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


37. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Impulse is the change in momentum
Initial velocity
When a body's speed is changing.


38. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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39. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Force= Pressure/Area
ZERO
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


40. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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41. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Open right hand rule
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


42. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


43. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Impulse
Convex
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


44. Define diffraction
Impulse is (force)(time)
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
F=kq1q2/R^2


45. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
E=hf
Alpha
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


46. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Pascal
Vertical direction
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


47. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)


48. S.I. unit of frictional force
Newton
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
How quickly you change velocity.


49. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
F=qE
Zero.
P=IV
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


50. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.