AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
E=V/d
V=kq/R
Concave


2. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
When it is on the same side as the image?
Entropy always increases.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


3. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
E=hf
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Moment arm


4. What is internal energy?
A1v1=a2v2
The motion of the molecules in gas.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
KE=Work


5. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
No image.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Tesla


6. What is mass energy equivalence?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


7. Buoyancy
Weight ...w=mg
Impulse is (force)(time)
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


8. Unit of electric field
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Weber
When the body rests on a surface.
N/C


9. Condition for no rotation
Sum of the torques equal zero.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Alpha
The bouncing of light


10. What happens at the critical angle?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Magnitude and direction
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


11. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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12. Flow Rate
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


13. What is Huygen's Principle?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Moment arm
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


14. What shape is a converging mirrors?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
E=V/d
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


15. What is the strong force?
When the body rests on a surface.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


16. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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17. Gauge Pressure

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18. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Force= Pressure/Area
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


19. What shapes are converging lenses?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
velocity
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
W = KE:final - KE:initial


20. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Watt
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


21. What did Thompson discover?
The light travels through the image.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The electron
Atmospheric pressure


22. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Work
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


23. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


24. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


25. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


26. S.I. unit of momentum
kg•m/s
KE=Work
KE = (3/2)kT
The nucleus


27. What is an isotope?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The volume under water


28. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Speed ups


29. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Zero.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
F=kq1q2/R^2


30. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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31. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
Pascal
Sum of the torques equal zero.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


32. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
ZERO
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


33. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Work
The nucleus
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


34. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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35. When is the image negative for a lens?
When it is on the same side as the image?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
(rho)gh
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


36. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
KE=Work
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


37. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


38. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
(rho)gh
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


39. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
Moment arm
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Something other than zero.


40. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
P=IV
velocity


41. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Concave
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


42. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
When the body rests on a surface.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


43. Define mass in terms of density.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
m=(rho)V
A1v1=a2v2


44. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
The velocity is positive
KE=Work
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
In front of the mirror - in the light.


45. S.I. unit of torque
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
N•m


46. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
V=kq/R
KE = (3/2)kT
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
E=V/d


47. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Convex
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


48. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
A change in the gas' temperature.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


49. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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50. Unit of energy for electricity.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Magnitude and direction
V - a Joule/Coulomb