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• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Buoyancy
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


2. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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3. What is transmutation?
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


4. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.


5. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Impulse is (force)(time)
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Newton


6. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


7. What is mass energy equivalence?
V=kq/R
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Diverging
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


8. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
V=kq/R
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Convex


9. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.


10. What shape is a diverging mirror?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Tesla
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The motion of the molecules in gas.


11. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
A1v1=a2v2
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


12. How can total momentum be calculated?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The bending of light
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.


13. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Gamma
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v


14. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Speed ups
A1v1=a2v2
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


15. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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16. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
Vertical direction
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


17. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Speed ups


18. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Joule


19. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The electron
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


20. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Weber


21. What is Huygen's Principle?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Concave
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The electric field forces charges to move.


22. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
The electric field forces charges to move.
Joule
E=V/d
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


23. What happens at the critical angle?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The velocity is positive
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


24. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


25. Unit of energy for electricity.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
V - a Joule/Coulomb
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


26. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
Concave
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Open right hand rule
V=kq/R


27. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


28. What forces charges to move?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The electric field forces charges to move.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


29. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Concave
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


30. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
F=qE
E=V/d


31. When is the image negative for a lens?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
When it is on the same side as the image?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


32. What comprises gamma decay?
The bending of light
When a body's speed is changing.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


33. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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34. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Joule
PV=nRT and PV=kT


35. S.I. unit of frictional force
No image.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Newton


36. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Concave
The velocity is positive


37. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


38. What is electromagnetic induction?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


39. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Weight ...w=mg
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


40. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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41. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Convex
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Concave
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


42. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The charge on each capacitor.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


43. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


44. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period


45. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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46. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Convex


47. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
V=kq/R
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
F=qE


48. S.I. unit of torque
N•m
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Joule
F=kq1q2/R^2


49. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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50. S.I. Unit of electric force
Newton
Gamma
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.