Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Work
Joule


2. What causes radioactivity?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
W = KE:final - KE:initial


3. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
Convex
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Gamma
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


4. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


5. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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6. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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7. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
KE = (3/2)kT
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


8. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


9. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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10. What is an adiabatic process?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
E=hf
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


11. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Tesla


12. How does impulse relate to force?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Impulse is (force)(time)


13. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Zero.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Ohm's Law: V=IR


14. What happens at the critical angle?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


15. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
(rho)gh
When the body rests on a surface.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.


16. What is the strong force?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


17. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
V=kq/R
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


18. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
E=V/d
Concave


19. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Initial velocity
Entropy always increases.
Weight ...w=mg
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


20. What shape is a diverging mirror?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
m=(rho)V
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.


21. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The CHANGE in velocity.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


22. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
Alpha
velocity
When it is on the same side as the image?
A1v1=a2v2


23. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
m^3/s
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Torque


24. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Convex
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The volume under water
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


25. Work is the area under which curve?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The graph of force vs displacement
Alpha
Newton


26. What makes an image 'real?'
No image.
When a body's speed is changing.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The light travels through the image.


27. S.I. unit of centripetal force
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Newton
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


28. What did Rutherford discover?
The nucleus
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
(rho)gh


29. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The graph of force vs displacement
When the body rests on a surface.


30. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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31. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The volume under water
The charge on each capacitor.
The electron
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


32. How does temperature effect resistance?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Torque
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


33. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


34. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
F=kq1q2/R^2
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


35. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
The velocity is positive
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Diverging
P=IV


36. What is Huygen's Principle?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Joule
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


37. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Moment arm
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
kg•m/s
(rho)gh


38. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
In front of the mirror - in the light.


39. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Pascal
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Joule
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


40. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Moment arm
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


41. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


42. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
V=kq/R
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The velocity is positive


43. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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44. Define reflection
The bouncing of light
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
V=kq/R


45. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


46. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Vertical direction
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Speed ups


47. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The electron
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


48. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The CHANGE in velocity.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


49. What two entities comprise a vector?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Magnitude and direction


50. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
The electric field forces charges to move.