AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Impulse is (force)(time)
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Gamma


2. S.I. unit of power
Moment arm
Speed ups
Watt
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


3. What is transmutation?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The graph of force vs displacement
The transfer of thermal energy
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


4. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Displacement
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


5. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


6. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
W=qV
Convex
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


7. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
m^3/s


8. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The electric field forces charges to move.


9. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Gamma
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


10. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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11. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Alpha
Tesla
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


12. What is half life?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


13. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
When a body's speed is changing.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


14. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
ZERO
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
E=kq/R^2


15. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
E=V/d
Watt


16. What happens at the critical angle?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
kg•m/s
Zero.


17. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Open right hand rule
KE = (3/2)kT


18. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Moment arm
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
How quickly you change velocity.
(mg)sin(angle)


19. Define Refraction
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
When it is on the same side as the image?
The bending of light
N•m


20. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.


21. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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22. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The transfer of thermal energy


23. What shape is a diverging mirror?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The CHANGE in velocity.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
V=kq/R


24. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Force= Pressure/Area
Torque
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.


25. What two entities comprise a vector?
Something other than zero.
N•m
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Magnitude and direction


26. What do batteries and generators produce?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Torque
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


27. What is force times time?
Concave
The volume under water
Impulse
Gamma


28. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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29. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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30. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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31. S.I. unit of torque
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
N•m
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.


32. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Moment arm
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


33. What shapes are converging lenses?
E=V/d
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
m^3/s
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


34. Force in terms of pressure
Force= Pressure/Area
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.


35. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
KE=Work
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


36. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
The velocity is positive
The electric field forces charges to move.


37. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
ZERO
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
When the body rests on a surface.


38. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


39. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The electric field forces charges to move.


40. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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41. Unit of energy for electricity.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Open right hand rule
When a body's speed is changing.


42. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


43. S.I. unit of gravitational force
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Newton
Magnitude and direction
How quickly you change velocity.


44. S.I. unit of frictional force
ZERO
Newton
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


45. S.I. unit of magnetism
The light travels through the image.
Tesla
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Weight ...w=mg


46. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Concave
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
N/C
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


47. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Convex
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


48. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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49. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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50. How does impulse relate to force?
F=kq1q2/R^2
Impulse is (force)(time)
kg•m/s
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.