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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. S.I. Unit of electric force
Pascal
Newton
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The body is moving at a constant velocity

2. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
ZERO
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.

3. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
How quickly you change velocity.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.

4. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Impulse
Convex
Entropy always increases.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.

5. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Vertical direction
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.

6. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Concave
The bending of light
ZERO
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.

7. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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8. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.

9. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Entropy always increases.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh

10. What is force times time?
Impulse
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.

11. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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12. Buoyancy
The electric field forces charges to move.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The graph of force vs displacement
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.

13. Define diffraction
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
m=(rho)V
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.

14. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
No image.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Newton

15. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
E=kq/R^2
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.

16. When is the image negative for a lens?
N/C
When it is on the same side as the image?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.

17. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Convex
The graph of force vs displacement
Displacement

18. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
E=kq/R^2
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
E=V/d

19. What forces charges to move?
The electric field forces charges to move.
(mg)sin(angle)
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.

20. What comprises beta radiation?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
E=hf
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.

21. What is the energy of a photon?

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22. What is the photoelectric effect?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
The electric field forces charges to move.

23. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
ZERO
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener

24. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
Something other than zero.
Tesla
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
m=(rho)V

25. What is electromagnetic induction?
Initial velocity
Magnitude and direction
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt

26. Work is the area under which curve?
Pascal
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Weber
The graph of force vs displacement

27. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.

28. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Convex
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.

29. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Work
Newton
Vertical direction

30. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
(mg)sin(angle)

31. What is temperature?
Tesla
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.

32. What two entities comprise a vector?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
ZERO
Magnitude and direction
Newton

33. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The electric field forces charges to move.
The bending of light

34. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.

35. What shape is a diverging lenses?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
P=IV
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.

36. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial

37. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
The CHANGE in velocity.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Moment arm
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.

38. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
F=kq1q2/R^2
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Convex
Sum of the torques equal zero.

39. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
KE = (3/2)kT
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.

40. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Zero.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Ohm's Law: V=IR

41. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
E=V/d
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)

42. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Torque

43. Define Snell's law.
Weber
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+

44. S.I. unit of torque
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
N•m
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.

45. S.I. unit of work
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Joule
Impulse is (force)(time)

46. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Open right hand rule
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...

47. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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48. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Magnitude and direction
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.

49. What is heat?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The transfer of thermal energy
Speed ups
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

50. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
N/C
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
F=kq1q2/R^2
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.