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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
The transfer of thermal energy
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.

2. What is the binding energy?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.

3. What is an isotope?
Convex
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Vertical direction

4. What is the strong force?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.

5. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)

6. Define Refraction
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
The bending of light
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.

7. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
(rho)gh
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.

8. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Vertical direction
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Alpha
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.

9. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
The CHANGE in velocity.
The volume under water

10. What causes radioactivity?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
When a body's speed is changing.

11. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Joule
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
The graph of force vs displacement

12. What is half life?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.

13. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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14. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
Initial velocity
velocity
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)

15. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Alpha
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)

16. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.

17. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
Gamma
Convex
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
velocity

18. S.I. unit of magnetism
A1v1=a2v2
Tesla
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The electric field forces charges to move.

19. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)

20. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Entropy always increases.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.

21. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Entropy always increases.
Magnitude and direction
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
ZERO

22. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The charge on each capacitor.
V - a Joule/Coulomb

23. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Moment arm
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
V - a Joule/Coulomb

24. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
velocity
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh

25. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Moment arm
P=IV
E=hf

26. Continuity equation
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
A1v1=a2v2
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.

27. What did Rutherford discover?
Gamma
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
A1v1=a2v2
The nucleus

28. What is transmutation?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.

29. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
Impulse is the change in momentum
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.

30. How are velocity and speed different?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The CHANGE in velocity.

31. How can total momentum be calculated?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Pascal
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.

32. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The charge on each capacitor.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.

33. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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34. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Atmospheric pressure
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings

35. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.

36. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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37. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Convex
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.

38. How does thickness effect resistance?
KE = (3/2)kT
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Work
Force= Pressure/Area

39. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
N•m
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
When it is on the same side as the image?

40. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
The electric field forces charges to move.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
ZERO
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.

41. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

42. Work is the area under which curve?
F=qE
The graph of force vs displacement
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2

43. What shapes are converging lenses?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...

44. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
V=kq/R
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.

45. What is heat?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
The transfer of thermal energy

46. Gauge Pressure

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47. How does temperature effect resistance?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.

48. What is impulse?
The light travels through the image.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Impulse is the change in momentum
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...

49. What makes an image 'real?'
The light travels through the image.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Pascal
Displacement

50. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
Newton
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Convex