AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Energy of a SINGLE photon
Diverging
E=hf
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


2. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Newton
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


3. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
Alpha
Work
The CHANGE in velocity.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


4. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


5. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Torque
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


6. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Newton
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


7. Flow Rate
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


8. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Work
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


9. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Newton


10. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
N/C
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The bending of light


11. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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12. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Diverging
Newton
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


13. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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14. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


15. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Concave
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


16. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
Atmospheric pressure
Newton
When it is on the same side as the image?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


17. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Moment arm
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


18. What is the area under any PV curve?

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19. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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20. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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21. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The CHANGE in velocity.
A1v1=a2v2
Torque


22. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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23. What is heat?
The transfer of thermal energy
F=kq1q2/R^2
How quickly you change velocity.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


24. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
P=IV
Tesla


25. How does temperature effect resistance?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


26. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


27. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
(rho)gh
Something other than zero.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


28. S.I. unit of magnetism
Tesla
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The bouncing of light
Atmospheric pressure


29. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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30. What does the term potential difference mean?
F=kq1q2/R^2
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Joule


31. What is an adiabatic process?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


32. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Alpha
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Initial velocity
When the body rests on a surface.


33. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
E=V/d
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Pascal


34. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
Initial velocity
velocity
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


35. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Gamma
PV=nRT and PV=kT
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


36. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


37. What two entities comprise a vector?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Joule
Magnitude and direction
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.


38. What causes resistance?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.


39. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
KE = (3/2)kT
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Diverging


40. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Impulse is the change in momentum


41. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The velocity is positive


42. What comprises beta radiation?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


43. How can total momentum be calculated?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Weber
ZERO


44. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
(mg)sin(angle)
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
When a body's speed is changing.


45. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
When a body's speed is changing.
F=kq1q2/R^2


46. What is transmutation?
Newton
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Open right hand rule


47. Define Snell's law.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
E=hf
Entropy always increases.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


48. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


49. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


50. How does impulse relate to force?
Impulse is (force)(time)
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.