AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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2. How length effect resistance?
No image.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


3. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
E=V/d
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Work


4. S.I. unit of centripetal force
The electron
The light travels through the image.
Newton
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


5. How does impulse relate to force?
Impulse is (force)(time)
PV=nRT and PV=kT
The velocity is positive
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


6. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
No image.
V=kq/R
Gamma
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


7. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


8. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


9. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
(rho)gh
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


10. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
The transfer of thermal energy
Concave
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
m=(rho)V


11. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Impulse is (force)(time)
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Work
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


12. What is the law of reflection?
The nucleus
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


13. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


14. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
Newton
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


15. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
(rho)gh


16. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
The transfer of thermal energy
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
velocity


17. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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18. What is an isotope?
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
F=qE


19. Continuity equation
Zero.
A1v1=a2v2
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


20. S.I. unit of torque
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Joule
N•m
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


21. S.I. unit of momentum
kg•m/s
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


22. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
velocity
Diverging


23. What is an adiabatic process?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


24. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


25. What is electromagnetic induction?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


26. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Watt
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Diverging


27. What did Thompson discover?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Alpha
The electron


28. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


29. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
P=IV
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


30. What is impulse?
Speed ups
Impulse is the change in momentum
When a body's speed is changing.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


31. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
E=hf
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


32. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


33. What is force times time?
Work
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Impulse
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


34. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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35. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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36. Flow Rate
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Magnitude and direction
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


37. When is the image negative for a lens?
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
When it is on the same side as the image?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


38. What is the binding energy?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Impulse is (force)(time)


39. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
P=IV


40. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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41. Buoyancy
Concave
Newton
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


42. How does temperature effect resistance?
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Initial velocity
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Zero.


43. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


44. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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45. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Something other than zero.


46. Define diffraction
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
N/C
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


47. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


48. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
Convex
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
V=kq/R
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


49. What two entities comprise a vector?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Magnitude and direction
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


50. What does the term potential difference mean?
The electron
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Newton