AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
The volume under water
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


2. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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3. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
kg•m/s
The velocity is positive
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


4. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Concave
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Joule
PV=nRT and PV=kT


5. What shape is a converging mirrors?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


6. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
m=(rho)V


7. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
The volume under water
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.


8. What is the law of reflection?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Pascal
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v


9. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Concave
Newton
Convex
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


10. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Speed ups
Displacement


11. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
The nucleus
Diverging
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


12. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
The charge on each capacitor.
(rho)gh
Concave
Initial velocity


13. S.I. unit of Flow rate
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
m^3/s
velocity


14. What is transmutation?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Magnitude and direction
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


15. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Newton
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
N•m


16. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Newton
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


17. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The body is moving at a constant velocity


18. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
The volume under water
Magnitude and direction
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Force= Pressure/Area


19. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
F=qE
Newton
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


20. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


21. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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22. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
E=hf
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
V=kq/R
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


23. S.I. unit of centripetal force
Diverging
Newton
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


24. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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25. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


26. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
P=IV
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
A change in the gas' temperature.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


27. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Displacement
m=(rho)V
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.


28. What is impulse?
Impulse is the change in momentum
velocity
Convex
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


29. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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30. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The charge on each capacitor.


31. Work is the area under which curve?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
kg•m/s
The graph of force vs displacement
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


32. What causes radioactivity?
Entropy always increases.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


33. S.I. unit of flux
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Weber
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period


34. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Diverging
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


35. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Torque
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


36. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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37. Define reflection
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
ZERO
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The bouncing of light


38. Force in terms of pressure
Force= Pressure/Area
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The bending of light


39. What comprises gamma decay?
A1v1=a2v2
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


40. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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41. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
Atmospheric pressure
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Tesla
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


42. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


43. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The volume under water
Torque
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


44. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
No image.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Entropy always increases.


45. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
Atmospheric pressure
The nucleus
(mg)sin(angle)
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


46. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


47. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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48. What is the strong force?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Atmospheric pressure


49. What did Thompson discover?
Concave
The electron
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The volume under water


50. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Concave
Zero.
Force= Pressure/Area