AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The transfer of thermal energy
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


2. Define Refraction
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
The bending of light
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
W = KE:final - KE:initial


3. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
kg•m/s
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


4. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Moment arm
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Vertical direction


5. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
The motion of the molecules in gas.
No image.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


6. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
How quickly you change velocity.
N/C


7. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Convex
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


8. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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9. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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10. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
W = KE:final - KE:initial
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


11. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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12. What is force times time?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Impulse
Diverging


13. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


14. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


15. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Torque
m=(rho)V
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Vertical direction


16. S.I. unit of magnetism
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Atmospheric pressure
Tesla
Weight ...w=mg


17. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Work


18. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


19. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Concave


20. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Open right hand rule
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


21. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Convex
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Concave


22. What two entities comprise a vector?
Magnitude and direction
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
How quickly you change velocity.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


23. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
KE = (3/2)kT
ZERO
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
E=kq/R^2


24. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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25. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Displacement
The electron
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.


26. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Torque
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
The nucleus
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


27. How length effect resistance?
Tesla
Newton
Entropy always increases.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


28. Gauge Pressure

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29. S.I. unit of work
Joule
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Newton
Concave


30. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
E=kq/R^2
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


31. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


32. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Atmospheric pressure
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The bouncing of light


33. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Newton


34. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Convex
Concave
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


35. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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36. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
Work
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


37. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
The electric field forces charges to move.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


38. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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39. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Newton
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Initial velocity


40. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.


41. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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42. S.I. unit of momentum
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
kg•m/s
Convex


43. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Convex
ZERO
Alpha


44. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Weight ...w=mg
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


45. Buoyancy
When it is on the same side as the image?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


46. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Magnitude and direction
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


47. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Pascal
Convex
Zero.


48. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
velocity
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


49. What is electromagnetic induction?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
E=hf
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


50. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
(rho)gh
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.