AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


2. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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3. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
V=kq/R


4. What two entities comprise a vector?
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Magnitude and direction
kg•m/s
(rho)gh


5. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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6. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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7. What is temperature?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
velocity
Pascal


8. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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9. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
Speed ups
The electron
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
N•m


10. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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11. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


12. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
Joule
A1v1=a2v2
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


13. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
kg•m/s
Joule
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


14. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
E=V/d


15. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
V=kq/R


16. What causes resistance?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


17. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Zero.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


18. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Initial velocity
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


19. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


20. What is the area under any PV curve?

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21. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


22. What is half life?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The transfer of thermal energy
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Newton


23. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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24. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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25. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The graph of force vs displacement
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


26. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
velocity
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
In front of the mirror - in the light.


27. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Alpha
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


28. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
The electric field forces charges to move.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


29. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


30. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


31. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
No image.
E=hf


32. S.I. unit of torque
The CHANGE in velocity.
E=V/d
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
N•m


33. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Newton
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Entropy always increases.


34. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The light travels through the image.
m=(rho)V


35. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
KE = (3/2)kT
Work
Joule
Sum of the torques equal zero.


36. What is transmutation?
m=(rho)V
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Pascal
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


37. What is heat?
E=V/d
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The transfer of thermal energy


38. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
Tesla
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


39. When is the image negative for a lens?
When it is on the same side as the image?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


40. What did Thompson discover?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The electron
Gamma
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


41. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Entropy always increases.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


42. What do batteries and generators produce?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


43. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The electron
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


44. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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45. Gauge Pressure

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46. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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47. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Ohm's Law: V=IR
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Something other than zero.


48. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
The electric field forces charges to move.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Newton


49. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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50. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Vertical direction
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The nucleus