AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
The electron
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


2. What causes radioactivity?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Ohm's Law: V=IR


3. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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4. How does impulse relate to force?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Impulse is (force)(time)


5. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


6. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Newton
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Torque
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


7. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Concave
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


8. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Torque
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


9. Unit of energy for electricity.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
N•m
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Convex


10. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Convex
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
KE=Work


11. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
kg•m/s
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
m=(rho)V


12. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
m^3/s
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The charge on each capacitor.


13. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
(mg)sin(angle)
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


14. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Speed ups
Newton
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


15. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
When it is on the same side as the image?
kg•m/s


16. What is the law of reflection?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Joule


17. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Newton
Tesla
The CHANGE in velocity.


18. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


19. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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20. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
Joule
Impulse
The electron
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


21. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
Watt
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


22. Flow Rate
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Alpha
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


23. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Something other than zero.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Pascal


24. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
ZERO
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


25. S.I. unit of centripetal force
Newton
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Convex


26. What is the energy of a photon?

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27. S.I. Unit of electric force
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Newton


28. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
Joule
F=qE
The bending of light
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


29. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Weight ...w=mg
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


30. Define diffraction
V=kq/R
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


31. S.I. unit of Flow rate
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
m^3/s
Sum of the torques equal zero.


32. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
A1v1=a2v2
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


33. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


34. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Gamma
Zero.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period


35. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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36. What is the area under any PV curve?

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37. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Weight ...w=mg
V - a Joule/Coulomb
kg•m/s


38. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
P=IV
V=kq/R
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


39. What is the photoelectric effect?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.


40. S.I. unit of torque
Vertical direction
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
N•m


41. What is internal energy?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Gamma
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
The volume under water


42. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


43. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


44. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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45. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


46. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


47. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
velocity
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Impulse is the change in momentum
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


48. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
(rho)gh
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


49. Work is the area under which curve?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Impulse
The graph of force vs displacement
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


50. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
E=hf
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.