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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
Joule
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
P=IV
Initial velocity

2. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.

3. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
m=(rho)V
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
When a body's speed is changing.
N•m

4. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Newton
V=kq/R

5. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Torque

6. Define mass in terms of density.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
m=(rho)V
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Newton

7. S.I. unit of torque
N/C
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
N•m
The velocity is positive

8. How does impulse relate to force?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Impulse is (force)(time)
Diverging

9. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.

10. How length effect resistance?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Concave
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Moment arm

11. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The volume under water

12. When is the image negative for a lens?
Alpha
When it is on the same side as the image?
kg•m/s
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.

13. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Magnitude and direction
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Newton
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.

14. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...

15. Energy of a SINGLE photon
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
E=hf
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.

16. S.I. unit of Flow rate
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
When a body's speed is changing.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
m^3/s

17. What is mass energy equivalence?
Open right hand rule
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
m^3/s
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.

18. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)

19. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Speed ups

20. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Entropy always increases.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial

21. What is transmutation?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
F=qE
Zero.

22. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Torque

23. What is the law of reflection?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Concave
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)

24. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The bending of light

25. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
When the body rests on a surface.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
velocity

26. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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27. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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28. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Convex
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
W=qV
Weight ...w=mg

29. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The bending of light
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.

30. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
kg•m/s
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.

31. S.I. unit of centripetal force
A change in the gas' temperature.
Newton
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)

32. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
Weight ...w=mg
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener

33. What is half life?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.

34. Flow Rate
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)

35. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
E=kq/R^2
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE

36. What does light emission involve?
Joule
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.

37. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.

38. Work is the area under which curve?
No image.
The graph of force vs displacement
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

39. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
Zero.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)

40. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Alpha

41. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)

42. What comprises alpha radiation?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)

43. What is the energy of a photon?

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44. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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45. Define Snell's law.
Newton
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh

46. What comprises beta radiation?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)

47. Unit of energy for electricity.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
V - a Joule/Coulomb

48. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Something other than zero.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.

49. What causes radioactivity?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The light travels through the image.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.

50. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The charge on each capacitor.
Atmospheric pressure
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.