AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is Huygen's Principle?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
In front of the mirror - in the light.


2. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Concave
Pascal
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
P=IV


3. Energy of a SINGLE photon
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
E=hf
How quickly you change velocity.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


4. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Newton
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


5. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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6. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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7. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Magnitude and direction


8. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
KE = (3/2)kT
Newton
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


9. S.I. unit of centripetal force
E=kq/R^2
Newton
The bending of light
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


10. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
Work
Atmospheric pressure
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


11. What causes radioactivity?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
How quickly you change velocity.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.


12. What is the photoelectric effect?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The transfer of thermal energy
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.


13. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


14. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Displacement
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Impulse


15. Define Refraction
The bending of light
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Ohm's Law: V=IR
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


16. Work is the area under which curve?
The graph of force vs displacement
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
V=kq/R


17. What did Thompson discover?
m=(rho)V
The electron
KE = (3/2)kT
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


18. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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19. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
The electric field forces charges to move.
Joule
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
velocity


20. What comprises alpha radiation?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Work
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


21. What happens at the critical angle?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


22. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


23. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


24. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
kg•m/s
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


25. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


26. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


27. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


28. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The charge on each capacitor.


29. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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30. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


31. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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32. When is the image negative for a lens?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


33. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Vertical direction
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


34. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


35. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
When the body rests on a surface.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Zero.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


36. What is the energy of a photon?

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37. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Concave
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


38. What does light absorption involve?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


39. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Alpha
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


40. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The transfer of thermal energy
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


41. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Convex


42. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
P=IV
The electric field forces charges to move.


43. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
P=IV
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


44. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
When it is on the same side as the image?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Impulse


45. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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46. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
The light travels through the image.
F=qE


47. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
velocity
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


48. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
The charge on each capacitor.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


49. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Torque
velocity
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


50. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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