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AP Physics

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
How quickly you change velocity.
Concave

2. Unit of energy for electricity.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
V - a Joule/Coulomb

3. How does impulse relate to force?
When a body's speed is changing.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Impulse is (force)(time)

4. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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5. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Force= Pressure/Area
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The bouncing of light
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

6. Define Snell's law.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The light travels through the image.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

7. What did Thompson discover?
Magnitude and direction
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The electron
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE

8. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
E=kq/R^2
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener

9. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
How quickly you change velocity.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.

10. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Concave
How quickly you change velocity.
Weber

11. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
(rho)gh
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)

12. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.

13. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
E=kq/R^2
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Newton

14. What is an adiabatic process?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Torque
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.

15. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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16. What is the law of reflection?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Impulse is (force)(time)
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)

17. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Zero.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Concave

18. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Alpha
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Gamma

19. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The bouncing of light
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
The CHANGE in velocity.

20. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
F=qE
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.

21. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
No image.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.

22. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
(mg)sin(angle)
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The velocity is positive
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.

23. Buoyancy
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.

24. What is transmutation?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The bouncing of light

25. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
V=kq/R
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)

26. How are velocity and speed different?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Concave
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.

27. Work is the area under which curve?
The graph of force vs displacement
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Atmospheric pressure
W=qV

28. How does temperature effect resistance?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
E=hf

29. S.I. unit of frictional force
Newton
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Joule

30. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
A change in the gas' temperature.

31. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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32. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
The electric field forces charges to move.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
N/C

33. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Concave
Work done 'BY' the gas.

34. What is Huygen's Principle?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Weight ...w=mg
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.

35. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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36. What two entities comprise a vector?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Watt
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Magnitude and direction

37. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Tesla
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.

38. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Joule
When it is on the same side as the image?

39. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
N/C
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings

40. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.

41. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Convex
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.

42. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.

43. What is the binding energy?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Convex
Newton

44. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Speed ups
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The bouncing of light

45. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
How quickly you change velocity.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)

46. How length effect resistance?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Impulse is the change in momentum

47. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
KE=Work
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.

48. What is an isotope?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Watt
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)

49. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Convex
Magnitude and direction
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
When the body rests on a surface.

50. What causes radioactivity?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
(mg)sin(angle)
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Tesla

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AP Physics

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