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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.

2. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Joule
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Convex
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.

3. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Joule
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)

4. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
The CHANGE in velocity.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
THe force that holds the nucleus together.

5. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Joule
Concave
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.

6. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
V=kq/R
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.

7. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Concave

8. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Initial velocity

9. Buoyancy
Something other than zero.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
m^3/s
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.

10. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
KE=Work
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener

11. What happens at the critical angle?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Torque
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)

12. What comprises gamma decay?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Joule
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.

13. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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14. S.I. unit of frictional force
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The volume under water
No image.
Newton

15. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Alpha

16. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Convex
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The graph of force vs displacement

17. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Atmospheric pressure

18. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
velocity
PV=nRT and PV=kT
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2

19. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Impulse is the change in momentum
V - a Joule/Coulomb

20. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
The graph of force vs displacement
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)

21. What is an isotope?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Moment arm
Convex

22. Define reflection
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Newton
The bouncing of light

23. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.

24. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
ZERO
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Watt
Newton

25. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
(mg)sin(angle)
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Tesla

26. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
(mg)sin(angle)
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.

27. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
N/C
W=qV
When the body rests on a surface.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

28. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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29. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
Magnitude and direction
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
P=IV
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)

30. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Impulse
F=qE
Something other than zero.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.

31. What shapes are converging lenses?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
The bending of light
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v

32. Define diffraction
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Something other than zero.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14

33. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Impulse is the change in momentum
Work
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
W = KE:final - KE:initial

34. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Moment arm
Alpha
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.

35. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
m=(rho)V
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
When it is on the same side as the image?

36. What shape is a diverging mirror?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
V=kq/R
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.

37. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Concave
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.

38. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The graph of force vs displacement
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf

39. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.

40. What comprises beta radiation?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant

41. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Pascal
The electron
Speed ups
Entropy always increases.

42. S.I. unit of torque
N•m
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
A1v1=a2v2
The motion of the molecules in gas.

43. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Newton
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener

44. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
(rho)gh
The light travels through the image.

45. S.I. unit of centripetal force
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Newton
The velocity is positive
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.

46. Flow Rate
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Convex
Impulse is (force)(time)

47. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.

48. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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49. S.I. unit of work
N/C
Newton
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Joule

50. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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