AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Energy of a SINGLE photon
E=hf
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


2. What is the photoelectric effect?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Initial velocity


3. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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4. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Vertical direction
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Diverging
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


5. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


6. What is Huygen's Principle?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


7. Work is the area under which curve?
The graph of force vs displacement
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


8. Unit of energy for electricity.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.


9. S.I. unit of magnetism
Tesla
The CHANGE in velocity.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


10. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


11. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Weber
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Moment arm


12. Continuity equation
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
A1v1=a2v2
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Newton


13. What did Thompson discover?
The electron
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


14. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
KE = (3/2)kT


15. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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16. What do batteries and generators produce?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Initial velocity
(mg)sin(angle)


17. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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18. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Speed ups
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


19. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
P=IV
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


20. What is internal energy?
Newton
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


21. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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22. S.I. unit of frictional force
Displacement
Newton
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


23. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Concave
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Force= Pressure/Area


24. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
kg•m/s
Force= Pressure/Area


25. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
ZERO
The light travels through the image.


26. What is impulse?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Concave
Impulse is the change in momentum


27. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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28. What comprises gamma decay?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Weber


29. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Torque
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The velocity is positive
Speed ups


30. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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31. What comprises beta radiation?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
V - a Joule/Coulomb


32. S.I. unit of Flow rate
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
m^3/s
F=qE


33. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
The bouncing of light
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


34. Force in terms of pressure
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
E=V/d
Force= Pressure/Area
The electric field forces charges to move.


35. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
Entropy always increases.
When the body rests on a surface.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...


36. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


37. Define diffraction
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


38. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


39. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
P=IV
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


40. S.I. unit of work
Entropy always increases.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Joule


41. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
Pascal
velocity
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.


42. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
m=(rho)V
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Work done 'BY' the gas.


43. What is the law of reflection?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


44. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
The charge on each capacitor.
Atmospheric pressure
E=kq/R^2
Concave


45. What is force times time?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Impulse
When the body rests on a surface.


46. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Concave
Zero.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


47. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
(mg)sin(angle)


48. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Alpha
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


49. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


50. Define Refraction
N/C
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The bending of light