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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Open right hand rule
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant

2. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Concave

3. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Pascal
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)

4. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

5. Condition for no rotation
Sum of the torques equal zero.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
No image.
Convex

6. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
The volume under water

7. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
Newton
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.

8. Under what conditions is heat positive?

9. Define Snell's law.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Joule
Moment arm
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)

10. S.I. unit of momentum
W=qV
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
kg•m/s

11. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
F=qE
m=(rho)V
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.

12. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
Open right hand rule
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The bending of light

13. What is transmutation?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
velocity

14. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.

15. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
The volume under water
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The light travels through the image.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.

16. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Vertical direction
E=kq/R^2
Impulse is the change in momentum
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.

17. When is the image negative for a lens?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
When it is on the same side as the image?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

18. What shape is a diverging lenses?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Tesla
Something other than zero.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.

19. What forces charges to move?
The electric field forces charges to move.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)

20. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Weight ...w=mg
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Joule

21. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
(rho)gh
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.

22. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Open right hand rule
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.

23. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
ZERO

24. Energy of a SINGLE photon
E=hf
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.

25. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Something other than zero.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Weight ...w=mg

26. What is the law of reflection?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Magnitude and direction
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.

27. What shapes are converging lenses?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Watt
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Tesla

28. What is the area under any PV curve?

29. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Ohm's Law: V=IR
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Newton

30. S.I. unit of power
Torque
Watt
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.

31. What is half life?
Joule
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.

32. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
ZERO
PV=nRT and PV=kT
V - a Joule/Coulomb

33. What is heat?
The transfer of thermal energy
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.

34. What shape is a diverging mirror?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Vertical direction
Convex

35. What is Huygen's Principle?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Newton
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.

36. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
V=kq/R
The transfer of thermal energy

37. S.I. Unit of electric force
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Newton
In front of the mirror - in the light.

38. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Joule
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.

39. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Convex
Speed ups
E=V/d

40. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
kg•m/s
(rho)gh
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.

41. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
V=kq/R
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Zero.

42. What is temperature?
Torque
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+

43. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The charge on each capacitor.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.

44. Unit of electric field
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Vertical direction
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
N/C

45. What does light absorption involve?
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
The light travels through the image.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Pascal

46. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
KE=Work
V - a Joule/Coulomb
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.

47. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
The transfer of thermal energy
Convex
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)

48. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
velocity
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.

49. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Concave
Moment arm
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.

50. Define diffraction
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.