AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When is the image negative for a lens?
When it is on the same side as the image?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


2. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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3. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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4. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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5. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


6. Work is the area under which curve?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
The graph of force vs displacement
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


7. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
Displacement
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


8. What is temperature?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The bending of light
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


9. What did Thompson discover?
The electron
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.


10. What is an adiabatic process?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Entropy always increases.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


11. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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12. S.I. unit of work
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
The light travels through the image.
Joule
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


13. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
No image.


14. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
m^3/s
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
V=kq/R
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period


15. Define Refraction
Weber
The bending of light
When the body rests on a surface.
The electric field forces charges to move.


16. Define diffraction
F=kq1q2/R^2
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


17. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


18. What is an isotope?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
(mg)sin(angle)
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


19. What is Huygen's Principle?
Vertical direction
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


20. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Diverging
Newton
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


21. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
m=(rho)V
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Weber
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


22. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
The electron
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


23. What comprises gamma decay?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
The graph of force vs displacement
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


24. What is force times time?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Impulse
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


25. What is half life?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


26. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


27. What is the law of reflection?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
F=qE
E=V/d
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


28. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
ZERO
W=qV


29. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
ZERO
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Atmospheric pressure


30. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Convex
The charge on each capacitor.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


31. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The bouncing of light
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


32. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


33. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Convex


34. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
How quickly you change velocity.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


35. What do batteries and generators produce?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
N•m
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


36. What is internal energy?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


37. Buoyancy
Zero.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


38. What does light absorption involve?
Convex
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Joule
Joule


39. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
The velocity is positive
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Impulse
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


40. What shape is a diverging mirror?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.


41. S.I. unit of magnetism
Impulse is (force)(time)
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Tesla
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


42. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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43. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
KE=Work
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


44. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Newton
W=qV


45. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Something other than zero.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
When it is on the same side as the image?


46. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
W = KE:final - KE:initial


47. What comprises beta radiation?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


48. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


49. Gauge Pressure

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50. Energy of a SINGLE photon
No image.
E=hf
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)