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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Moment arm
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB

2. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Weight ...w=mg
E=V/d

3. Force in terms of pressure
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Force= Pressure/Area
Speed ups

4. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Newton
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Impulse
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)

5. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
When the body rests on a surface.
Diverging
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.

6. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.

7. Define reflection
The bouncing of light
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Convex
The transfer of thermal energy

8. What is acceleration?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
How quickly you change velocity.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t

9. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
Zero.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
P=IV
The body is moving at a constant velocity

10. What are the three types of radiation?
Newton
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.

11. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The light travels through the image.
Alpha

12. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet

13. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
F=qE
The charge on each capacitor.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
velocity

14. Gauge Pressure
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180 when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180 when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.

15. Under what conditions is heat negative?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Newton
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period

16. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
E=V/d
N/C
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.

17. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
Nm
KE=Work
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Work done 'BY' the gas.

18. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
KE = (3/2)kT
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.

19. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The charge on each capacitor.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
No image.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.

20. What did Thompson discover?
Vertical direction
E=kq/R^2
The electron
Current stays the same for resistors in series.

21. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Something other than zero.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.

22. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.

23. What shape is a diverging mirror?
Tesla
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Impulse is (force)(time)
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.

24. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)

25. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.

26. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Joule
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.

27. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Pascal
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.

28. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Torque
KE = (3/2)kT
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.

29. S.I. unit of Flow rate
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
m^3/s
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
When the body rests on a surface.

30. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.

31. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.
When a body's speed is changing.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Impulse is the change in momentum
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2

32. What comprises alpha radiation?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The light travels through the image.

33. Define mass in terms of density.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
m=(rho)V
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

34. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Impulse is (force)(time)
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.

35. S.I. unit of frictional force
When the body rests on a surface.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Newton
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.

36. What causes radioactivity?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
N/C
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.

37. Under what conditions is heat positive?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.

38. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
When a body's speed is changing.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.

39. Unit of electric field
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Joule
N/C
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma

40. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Diverging
Joule

41. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
How quickly you change velocity.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.

42. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.

43. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
E=hf
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

44. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Newton
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
The charge on each capacitor.

45. What is the binding energy?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.

46. What is an isotope?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The nucleus

47. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.
Something other than zero.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Atmospheric pressure

48. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
E=V/d

49. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
PV=nRT and PV=kT

50. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2

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