AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Initial velocity
Weber


2. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
P=IV
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
A1v1=a2v2
How quickly you change velocity.


3. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Tesla
Diverging
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


4. S.I. unit of gravitational force
KE = (3/2)kT
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Newton
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


5. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v


6. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Zero.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


7. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


8. What is internal energy?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The motion of the molecules in gas.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


9. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
The light travels through the image.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


10. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
The bending of light
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
(rho)gh


11. What is heat?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The bending of light
Joule
The transfer of thermal energy


12. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


13. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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14. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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15. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Alpha
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
V - a Joule/Coulomb


16. S.I. unit of torque
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Joule
(mg)sin(angle)
N•m


17. Force in terms of pressure
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Force= Pressure/Area
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


18. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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19. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
V=kq/R
The body is moving at a constant velocity
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


20. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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21. What comprises beta radiation?
Open right hand rule
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Vertical direction


22. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Weight ...w=mg
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
m=(rho)V
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


23. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


24. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Joule
N/C


25. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The CHANGE in velocity.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.


26. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
ZERO
Joule
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


27. What forces charges to move?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The electric field forces charges to move.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


28. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Open right hand rule
In front of the mirror - in the light.


29. Work is the area under which curve?
The graph of force vs displacement
Newton
Weight ...w=mg
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


30. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
A1v1=a2v2


31. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
N•m
Joule
A change in the gas' temperature.
E=V/d


32. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
KE = (3/2)kT
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


33. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


34. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Watt
In front of the mirror - in the light.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


35. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


36. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Gamma
Open right hand rule
How quickly you change velocity.


37. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
N/C
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Weber
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


38. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
ZERO
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


39. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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40. S.I. unit of frictional force
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Newton
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


41. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
P=IV
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


42. What is the strong force?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


43. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Vertical direction


44. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
No image.
Open right hand rule


45. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
When a body's speed is changing.


46. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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47. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


48. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Concave
(rho)gh
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


49. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Atmospheric pressure
The graph of force vs displacement
A change in the gas' temperature.


50. How length effect resistance?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
A1v1=a2v2
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.