AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Newton
Watt
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Convex


2. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


3. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
Diverging
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


4. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
No image.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Joule
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


5. What comprises alpha radiation?
Tesla
How quickly you change velocity.
E=hf
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


6. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


7. Energy of a SINGLE photon
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
In front of the mirror - in the light.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
E=hf


8. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
F=qE


9. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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10. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


11. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Watt
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


12. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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13. S.I. unit of torque
Joule
N•m
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


14. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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15. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Speed ups


16. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
F=kq1q2/R^2


17. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
The volume under water


18. What is temperature?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
A change in the gas' temperature.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


19. What are the three types of radiation?
KE = (3/2)kT
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


20. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Vertical direction
(rho)gh
When the body rests on a surface.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


21. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
kg•m/s


22. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
No image.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The velocity is positive


23. How does temperature effect resistance?
(mg)sin(angle)
Tesla
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Alpha


24. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Open right hand rule
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


25. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Concave


26. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Work done 'BY' the gas.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


27. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The light travels through the image.


28. What is internal energy?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


29. S.I. unit of momentum
kg•m/s
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
F=kq1q2/R^2


30. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
The bending of light
F=kq1q2/R^2
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


31. What is transmutation?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


32. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Vertical direction
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
V=kq/R
Magnitude and direction


33. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Joule
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


34. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
V=kq/R
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Initial velocity
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


35. What is the strong force?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
N•m


36. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
KE=Work
Newton
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


37. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


38. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Gamma
Work
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


39. S.I. unit of power
Ohm's Law: V=IR
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Watt
The light travels through the image.


40. Force in terms of pressure
Force= Pressure/Area
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
When it is on the same side as the image?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


41. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
PV=nRT and PV=kT
W = KE:final - KE:initial
E=V/d


42. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
P=IV
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


43. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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44. What is acceleration?
How quickly you change velocity.
The charge on each capacitor.
Weight ...w=mg
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


45. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


46. What is the energy of a photon?

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47. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.


48. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Convex


49. What is an adiabatic process?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
KE = (3/2)kT
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


50. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Pascal
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB