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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
kg•m/s

2. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
KE=Work
Entropy always increases.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.

3. What is temperature?
When it is on the same side as the image?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t

4. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
Impulse is (force)(time)
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Tesla
When the body rests on a surface.

5. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.

6. Energy of a SINGLE photon
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
E=hf
E=kq/R^2
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.

7. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The light travels through the image.
Joule
kg•m/s

8. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Pascal
When a body's speed is changing.

9. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.

10. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Weber
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.

11. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
The charge on each capacitor.
Watt
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.

12. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
kg•m/s
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.

13. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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14. Define Refraction
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The bending of light

15. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)

16. What are the three types of radiation?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Something other than zero.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2

17. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
When a body's speed is changing.
Moment arm
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.

18. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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19. Buoyancy
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.

20. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
E=V/d
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
(mg)sin(angle)

21. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Work
When it is on the same side as the image?
(mg)sin(angle)

22. What is Huygen's Principle?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+

23. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Newton
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.

24. Continuity equation
A1v1=a2v2
Displacement
The electron
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.

25. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
E=V/d
m=(rho)V

26. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Newton

27. How can total momentum be calculated?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...

28. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener

29. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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30. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
KE = (3/2)kT
Ohm's Law: V=IR
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)

31. What did Thompson discover?
The electron
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)

32. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Weight ...w=mg
(rho)gh
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2

33. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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34. What comprises alpha radiation?
(mg)sin(angle)
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Magnitude and direction
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+

35. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
When the body rests on a surface.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.

36. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
Force= Pressure/Area
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.

37. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Newton

38. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Ohm's Law: V=IR

39. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Concave
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.

40. How does thickness effect resistance?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Concave
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.

41. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
No image.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.

42. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
Something other than zero.
KE=Work
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.

43. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Weight ...w=mg
Gamma
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.

44. What shapes are converging lenses?
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.

45. Define Snell's law.
The nucleus
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)

46. S.I. Unit of electric force
Impulse is the change in momentum
(mg)sin(angle)
Newton
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.

47. S.I. unit of Flow rate
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
(mg)sin(angle)
m^3/s

48. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
PV=nRT and PV=kT
m^3/s

49. What does light absorption involve?
E=hf
m^3/s
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

50. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Concave
How quickly you change velocity.