AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Newton
Concave
Watt


2. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Force= Pressure/Area
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
KE=Work
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


3. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
Vertical direction
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


4. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
PV=nRT and PV=kT
When it is on the same side as the image?


5. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
E=kq/R^2
N/C
V=kq/R
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


6. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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7. What is an adiabatic process?
KE = (3/2)kT
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


8. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Open right hand rule


9. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


10. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
Concave
Gamma
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


11. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The bending of light
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


12. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
Something other than zero.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Vertical direction
Moment arm


13. What shape is a diverging mirror?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Joule
(rho)gh
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


14. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
A change in the gas' temperature.


15. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
A change in the gas' temperature.


16. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
V=kq/R
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


17. What is the area under any PV curve?

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18. Define Refraction
Something other than zero.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The bending of light
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


19. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
Convex
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


20. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


21. Define Snell's law.
Magnitude and direction
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


22. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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23. How can total momentum be calculated?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


24. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Joule
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


25. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


26. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
The CHANGE in velocity.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
kg•m/s
Ohm's Law: V=IR


27. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
The electron


28. What does the term potential difference mean?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Weight ...w=mg
V=kq/R
Magnitude and direction


29. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Newton
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


30. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Initial velocity
Displacement
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


31. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
The nucleus
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
A change in the gas' temperature.
Tesla


32. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Weight ...w=mg
Tesla
The CHANGE in velocity.
Concave


33. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Weber
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


34. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
Joule
Watt
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


35. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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36. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
(mg)sin(angle)
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Convex


37. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
The transfer of thermal energy
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


38. What is Huygen's Principle?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Concave
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period


39. What makes an image 'real?'
The light travels through the image.
A change in the gas' temperature.
Newton
The velocity is positive


40. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
velocity


41. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
E=kq/R^2
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
E=V/d


42. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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43. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


44. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
kg•m/s
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
(mg)sin(angle)


45. What is transmutation?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
kg•m/s


46. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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47. What is the strong force?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.


48. S.I. unit of centripetal force
Newton
Vertical direction
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
PV=nRT and PV=kT


49. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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50. What is the binding energy?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings