AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
ZERO
The graph of force vs displacement


2. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
The charge on each capacitor.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
P=IV
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


3. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
Initial velocity
Vertical direction
The CHANGE in velocity.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.


4. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Speed ups
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


5. What did Thompson discover?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
The electron
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


6. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
W=qV
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


7. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


8. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


9. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
Speed ups
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Moment arm
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


10. What is the photoelectric effect?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Initial velocity
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


11. S.I. unit of frictional force
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Newton
KE = (3/2)kT


12. S.I. unit of flux
Weber
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Concave
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.


13. What does the term potential difference mean?
Entropy always increases.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Concave
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


14. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Weber
Displacement
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
ZERO


15. Continuity equation
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Newton
A change in the gas' temperature.
A1v1=a2v2


16. Define mass in terms of density.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
m=(rho)V


17. Define diffraction
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Zero.


18. What two entities comprise a vector?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
No image.
Magnitude and direction
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


19. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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20. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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21. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
When a body's speed is changing.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


22. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


23. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Weber
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


24. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
How quickly you change velocity.


25. S.I. unit of momentum
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
kg•m/s
Newton
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


26. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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27. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


28. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


29. What is the area under any PV curve?

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30. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


31. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
(rho)gh
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


32. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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33. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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34. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
(rho)gh
F=kq1q2/R^2
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
In front of the mirror - in the light.


35. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Newton


36. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


37. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
A1v1=a2v2
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Newton


38. How does impulse relate to force?
Impulse is (force)(time)
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
E=kq/R^2
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


39. What do batteries and generators produce?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The velocity is positive


40. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
The bending of light
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
When the body rests on a surface.


41. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
A1v1=a2v2


42. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Newton
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


43. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Force= Pressure/Area
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


44. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
The bending of light
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
E=V/d
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


45. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Work
Weber
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


46. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


47. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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48. How length effect resistance?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Concave
Torque


49. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
The velocity is positive
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


50. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.