AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is mass energy equivalence?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
m=(rho)V


2. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
The bouncing of light
Impulse is (force)(time)
Torque
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


3. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Impulse


4. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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5. S.I. unit of power
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Watt
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


6. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Moment arm
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
m^3/s
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


7. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


8. What comprises alpha radiation?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
When it is on the same side as the image?
E=hf
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


9. What shape is a diverging lenses?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Concave
Newton
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


10. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Work
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


11. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Joule
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


12. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.


13. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


14. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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15. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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16. What is an isotope?
A change in the gas' temperature.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


17. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
P=IV
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Diverging


18. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Speed ups
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


19. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


20. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
A1v1=a2v2
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


21. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The body is moving at a constant velocity


22. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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23. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Convex
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
The charge on each capacitor.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


24. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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25. S.I. unit of flux
Weber
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
KE = (3/2)kT
V=kq/R


26. S.I. unit of frictional force
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Newton
F=qE
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


27. Gauge Pressure

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28. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


29. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


30. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Weight ...w=mg


31. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
The bouncing of light
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.


32. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
(mg)sin(angle)
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


33. What comprises beta radiation?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
velocity


34. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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35. What do batteries and generators produce?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


36. How does thickness effect resistance?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
kg•m/s


37. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Impulse is (force)(time)
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


38. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The volume under water
In front of the mirror - in the light.


39. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


40. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The body is moving at a constant velocity
ZERO
Alpha


41. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Force= Pressure/Area
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


42. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
The volume under water
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Initial velocity


43. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Joule
PV=nRT and PV=kT
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


44. Define Refraction
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The bending of light
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Displacement


45. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


46. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
N•m
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


47. What is force times time?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Convex
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Impulse


48. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Sum of the torques equal zero.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


49. Define Snell's law.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


50. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB