AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
F=kq1q2/R^2
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


2. S.I. unit of pressure
Pascal
Impulse
Something other than zero.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


3. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
E=kq/R^2
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


4. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Convex
Magnitude and direction
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Zero.


5. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


6. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


7. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Entropy always increases.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


8. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
F=kq1q2/R^2
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
KE=Work
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


9. How does temperature effect resistance?
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


10. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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11. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
Something other than zero.
V=kq/R
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


12. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


13. What is acceleration?
How quickly you change velocity.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Magnitude and direction
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


14. What does light emission involve?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


15. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


16. Define Snell's law.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
ZERO
F=kq1q2/R^2


17. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


18. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


19. S.I. unit of frictional force
E=hf
Newton
Impulse
P=IV


20. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


21. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
E=hf
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Work
The graph of force vs displacement


22. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Moment arm
Speed ups
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


23. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Displacement
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...


24. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
Joule
V=kq/R
F=qE
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.


25. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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26. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Joule
ZERO
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


27. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Concave
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


28. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


29. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


30. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The graph of force vs displacement
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


31. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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32. What is the binding energy?
The volume under water
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
V=kq/R
The light travels through the image.


33. When is the image negative for a lens?
Displacement
When it is on the same side as the image?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


34. Define Refraction
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The bending of light
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


35. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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36. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
KE=Work
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Newton
Ohm's Law: V=IR


37. Energy of a SINGLE photon
E=hf
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


38. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Joule
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


39. What is the law of reflection?
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Watt
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


40. What comprises beta radiation?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


41. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Gamma
Pascal
Weber
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


42. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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43. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
Gamma
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The light travels through the image.


44. What is Huygen's Principle?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


45. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Impulse
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


46. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Pascal
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


47. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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48. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


49. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


50. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Displacement
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Weber