AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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2. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.


3. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
V=kq/R
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


4. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


5. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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6. What did Thompson discover?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
When the body rests on a surface.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The electron


7. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
N•m
Weight ...w=mg
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


8. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The CHANGE in velocity.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


9. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


10. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
The electric field forces charges to move.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.


11. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
Gamma
V=kq/R
P=IV
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


12. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Newton


13. What is transmutation?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


14. How are velocity and speed different?
The graph of force vs displacement
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


15. What did Rutherford discover?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
The nucleus
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


16. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Newton
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Open right hand rule


17. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
KE = (3/2)kT
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


18. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Force= Pressure/Area
In front of the mirror - in the light.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


19. S.I. Unit of electric force
E=kq/R^2
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Newton
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


20. What makes an image 'real?'
Pascal
How quickly you change velocity.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The light travels through the image.


21. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Diverging
Something other than zero.
Joule


22. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


23. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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24. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


25. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Gamma
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
How quickly you change velocity.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


26. What is half life?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


27. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Joule
The velocity is positive


28. Define diffraction
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Convex
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


29. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


30. Define Refraction
Joule
(rho)gh
The transfer of thermal energy
The bending of light


31. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
No image.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
When the body rests on a surface.


32. What two entities comprise a vector?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The bending of light
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Magnitude and direction


33. S.I. unit of frictional force
P=IV
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Newton
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.


34. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
E=kq/R^2


35. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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36. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


37. What causes radioactivity?
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Concave


38. Buoyancy
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


39. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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40. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Convex
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
(rho)gh
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


41. Define reflection
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The bouncing of light
When it is on the same side as the image?


42. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Watt


43. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Work done 'BY' the gas.


44. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Diverging
Vertical direction
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


45. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
kg•m/s
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


46. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
The CHANGE in velocity.
The volume under water
Convex


47. What is the law of reflection?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Speed ups
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


48. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Pascal
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


49. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)


50. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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