AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


2. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
Weber
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The charge on each capacitor.


3. S.I. unit of torque
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
N•m
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Initial velocity


4. What causes radioactivity?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.


5. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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6. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
Torque
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


7. S.I. unit of pressure
N•m
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Pascal


8. Work is the area under which curve?
The graph of force vs displacement
Gamma
Diverging
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


9. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Atmospheric pressure
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Speed ups


10. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
How quickly you change velocity.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Torque


11. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


12. What is acceleration?
A change in the gas' temperature.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Entropy always increases.
How quickly you change velocity.


13. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
V=kq/R
(mg)sin(angle)
Work


14. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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15. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Something other than zero.
PV=nRT and PV=kT


16. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


17. What do batteries and generators produce?
Work
E=kq/R^2
Zero.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


18. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The electric field forces charges to move.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


19. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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20. S.I. unit of momentum
The motion of the molecules in gas.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
KE=Work
kg•m/s


21. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Impulse
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


22. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
Weber
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


23. S.I. unit of work
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Joule
m^3/s
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


24. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


25. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


26. What is force times time?
Atmospheric pressure
Impulse
F=kq1q2/R^2
The transfer of thermal energy


27. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
E=V/d
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


28. What is an isotope?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
P=IV


29. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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30. What is the binding energy?
The transfer of thermal energy
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
N/C


31. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Displacement
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


32. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
The electron
Joule
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Sum of the torques equal zero.


33. Define Refraction
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
The bending of light
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


34. What is an adiabatic process?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Vertical direction
In front of the mirror - in the light.


35. Continuity equation
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
A1v1=a2v2
Gamma
A change in the gas' temperature.


36. S.I. unit of Flow rate
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
m^3/s
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


37. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
The nucleus
P=IV
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


38. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


39. What shape is a diverging lenses?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


40. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
Force= Pressure/Area
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
W=qV


41. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
The transfer of thermal energy
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


42. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The volume under water
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
N/C
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


43. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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44. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Alpha
ZERO
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


45. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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46. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


47. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
No image.


48. S.I. unit of flux
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Weber
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Magnitude and direction


49. Flow Rate
The electric field forces charges to move.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
How quickly you change velocity.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


50. What does light absorption involve?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.