AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. S.I. unit of frictional force
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Newton
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


2. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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3. What do batteries and generators produce?
Concave
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
(mg)sin(angle)


4. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
(mg)sin(angle)
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Newton
When the body rests on a surface.


5. What is the photoelectric effect?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
N•m
Impulse is the change in momentum
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


6. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Concave
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Weber


7. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Pascal


8. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
Open right hand rule
Initial velocity
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


9. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


10. What is the law of reflection?
When it is on the same side as the image?
Vertical direction
velocity
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


11. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The volume under water
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


12. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
F=qE
P=IV
E=hf


13. Flow Rate
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
A change in the gas' temperature.


14. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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15. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
ZERO
Work
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


16. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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17. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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18. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
No image.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


19. Buoyancy
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Joule
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


20. S.I. unit of Flow rate
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Newton
m^3/s


21. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


22. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Convex
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


23. What is an isotope?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
(mg)sin(angle)
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


24. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Tesla
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


25. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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26. What is internal energy?
Magnitude and direction
The motion of the molecules in gas.
kg•m/s
Work


27. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
Pascal
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Something other than zero.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


28. What is acceleration?
How quickly you change velocity.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


29. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Magnitude and direction


30. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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31. How can total momentum be calculated?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


32. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
The bouncing of light


33. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
ZERO
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


34. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
Zero.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
W=qV


35. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Speed ups
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


36. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The electric field forces charges to move.


37. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Joule
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Newton


38. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The body is moving at a constant velocity
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


39. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The nucleus


40. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
No image.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


41. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Newton
A1v1=a2v2
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


42. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
KE=Work
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


43. What is transmutation?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
velocity
In front of the mirror - in the light.


44. What shape is a diverging mirror?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Impulse is the change in momentum


45. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The charge on each capacitor.
When it is on the same side as the image?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Alpha


46. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
The light travels through the image.


47. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
KE=Work
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


48. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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49. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Magnitude and direction
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


50. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
E=kq/R^2
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Diverging
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.