AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Speed ups
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


2. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
Moment arm
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


3. How does temperature effect resistance?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


4. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
F=kq1q2/R^2
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


5. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Weight ...w=mg
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The transfer of thermal energy


6. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Weight ...w=mg
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


7. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
Joule
Work done 'BY' the gas.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
How quickly you change velocity.


8. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


9. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Entropy always increases.


10. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
ZERO
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
KE=Work
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


11. What do batteries and generators produce?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


12. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
When the body rests on a surface.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


13. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Moment arm
KE=Work
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


14. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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15. How can total momentum be calculated?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Convex
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


16. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Initial velocity
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


17. What shape is a diverging mirror?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
P=IV
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


18. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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19. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Newton
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.


20. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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21. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
velocity
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
m=(rho)V


22. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Moment arm
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


23. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


24. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Atmospheric pressure


25. Condition for no rotation
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Sum of the torques equal zero.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


26. What is half life?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
E=V/d
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


27. What is acceleration?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
How quickly you change velocity.


28. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Torque
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Atmospheric pressure


29. What causes radioactivity?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


30. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


31. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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32. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Concave
m^3/s
Gamma
Impulse is the change in momentum


33. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
E=V/d
Entropy always increases.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


34. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


35. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Open right hand rule
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
P=IV
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


36. What is transmutation?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Joule
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Newton


37. What forces charges to move?
The electric field forces charges to move.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Something other than zero.


38. What is the strong force?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Weber


39. Unit of energy for electricity.
(mg)sin(angle)
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


40. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


41. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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42. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The electric field forces charges to move.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...


43. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
V=kq/R
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Impulse


44. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
V=kq/R
In front of the mirror - in the light.


45. What is electromagnetic induction?
Joule
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


46. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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47. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Entropy always increases.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


48. Energy of a SINGLE photon
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
E=hf
Gamma
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


49. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Vertical direction
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


50. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Newton