AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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2. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
F=qE
The light travels through the image.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


3. S.I. Unit of electric force
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Newton
Speed ups
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


4. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Impulse
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


5. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Moment arm
Torque
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


6. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
The velocity is positive
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


7. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
E=V/d
The motion of the molecules in gas.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


8. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
The velocity is positive
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Joule


9. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Displacement
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Atmospheric pressure


10. S.I. unit of pressure
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Pascal
Sum of the torques equal zero.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


11. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
kg•m/s
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
The velocity is positive


12. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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13. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Gamma
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Diverging


14. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Atmospheric pressure
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


15. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Newton


16. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


17. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


18. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Zero.


19. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
No image.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Concave
W = KE:final - KE:initial


20. What is acceleration?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
How quickly you change velocity.
Concave


21. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
kg•m/s
The volume under water


22. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
W = KE:final - KE:initial
How quickly you change velocity.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


23. What is Huygen's Principle?
Something other than zero.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


24. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
Atmospheric pressure
The light travels through the image.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.


25. What happens at the critical angle?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Tesla


26. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
ZERO
E=kq/R^2


27. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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28. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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29. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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30. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
P=IV
Newton


31. What forces charges to move?
Impulse is the change in momentum
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Impulse
The electric field forces charges to move.


32. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
F=qE
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


33. What causes resistance?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Displacement
Moment arm
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.


34. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
W=qV
Newton
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


35. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
The graph of force vs displacement
Gamma
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


36. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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37. What makes an image 'real?'
The light travels through the image.
Force= Pressure/Area
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


38. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
Magnitude and direction
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
KE = (3/2)kT
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


39. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Work
Impulse is (force)(time)
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Vertical direction


40. What does light absorption involve?
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


41. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
Convex
Alpha
Impulse is (force)(time)
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


42. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
A change in the gas' temperature.
(mg)sin(angle)
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


43. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
(rho)gh
Pascal
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The electron


44. S.I. unit of centripetal force
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Newton
Magnitude and direction
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


45. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Joule
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


46. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


47. Define Refraction
KE=Work
The bending of light
Impulse is (force)(time)
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


48. What is mass energy equivalence?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Watt
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Moment arm


49. Unit of energy for electricity.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


50. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
V=kq/R
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)