AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Atmospheric pressure
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v


2. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Work
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


3. What is the binding energy?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Magnitude and direction
The light travels through the image.


4. What is internal energy?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


5. Unit of electric field
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
N/C
Zero.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)


6. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Displacement
E=V/d
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
When a body's speed is changing.


7. Work is the area under which curve?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
P=IV
The graph of force vs displacement


8. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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9. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
E=V/d
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
m=(rho)V
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


10. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Convex
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The electron


11. What shapes are converging lenses?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Pascal
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


12. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
When the body rests on a surface.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


13. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
The velocity is positive
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Gamma


14. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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15. What did Thompson discover?
The electron
kg•m/s
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


16. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
Joule
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


17. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
The graph of force vs displacement
When it is on the same side as the image?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


18. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Joule
V=kq/R


19. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
Vertical direction
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Atmospheric pressure


20. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


21. S.I. unit of magnetism
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Pascal
The bending of light
Tesla


22. What is mass energy equivalence?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
A change in the gas' temperature.


23. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
W=qV
m=(rho)V


24. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Diverging
Displacement
Joule


25. Unit of energy for electricity.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
V - a Joule/Coulomb


26. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
ZERO
The motion of the molecules in gas.


27. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


28. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
The graph of force vs displacement
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


29. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Newton
N/C
Open right hand rule
Newton


30. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


31. How are velocity and speed different?
The velocity is positive
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


32. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Weight ...w=mg
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


33. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Diverging
W=qV
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Newton


34. Define Refraction
KE = (3/2)kT
The bending of light
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


35. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
The bouncing of light
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Convex


36. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
The charge on each capacitor.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


37. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Weber
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


38. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


39. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


40. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


41. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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42. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
Newton
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
P=IV
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


43. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


44. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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45. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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46. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Newton
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


47. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


48. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


49. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


50. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.