AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The velocity is positive
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
N•m
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


2. What happens at the critical angle?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


3. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
velocity
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


4. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
m^3/s
ZERO
N•m


5. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Convex
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


6. S.I. unit of centripetal force
Newton
Convex
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


7. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
No image.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Concave


8. What are the three types of radiation?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


9. What is the strong force?
When a body's speed is changing.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


10. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Alpha
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


11. What shape is a converging mirrors?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


12. Flow Rate
A1v1=a2v2
When the body rests on a surface.
Newton
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


13. What is temperature?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Force= Pressure/Area


14. Unit of energy for electricity.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The bending of light
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.


15. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


16. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
V=kq/R
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


17. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Weight ...w=mg
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


18. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Atmospheric pressure
Magnitude and direction
Gamma
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


19. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
E=hf
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
(mg)sin(angle)
E=kq/R^2


20. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


21. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Open right hand rule
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
V=kq/R
Impulse is the change in momentum


22. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Convex
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


23. What shape is a diverging lenses?
The charge on each capacitor.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


24. How does temperature effect resistance?
The transfer of thermal energy
The electric field forces charges to move.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


25. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
Something other than zero.
(mg)sin(angle)
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


26. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
How quickly you change velocity.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


27. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The CHANGE in velocity.


28. What is heat?
The transfer of thermal energy
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Concave
Impulse


29. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Vertical direction
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


30. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
Newton
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
When the body rests on a surface.
P=IV


31. Define reflection
The bouncing of light
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
(rho)gh
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


32. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
E=V/d
Impulse
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
When a body's speed is changing.


33. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
The graph of force vs displacement
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
No image.


34. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
When it is on the same side as the image?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
V=kq/R


35. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
W = KE:final - KE:initial


36. Energy of a SINGLE photon
Zero.
E=hf
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
V=kq/R


37. What shapes are converging lenses?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


38. How does impulse relate to force?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Impulse is (force)(time)
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


39. What is transmutation?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Joule


40. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


41. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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42. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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43. What is force times time?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Impulse


44. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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45. Gauge Pressure

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46. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Pascal


47. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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48. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
A change in the gas' temperature.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


49. Define diffraction
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
When a body's speed is changing.


50. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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