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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Entropy always increases.
ZERO
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.

2. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Watt

3. What happens at the critical angle?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Initial velocity
The bending of light

4. S.I. Unit of electric force
Newton
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

5. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
(mg)sin(angle)
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
F=qE

6. What does light absorption involve?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
E=hf
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

7. S.I. unit of centripetal force
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Entropy always increases.
Newton
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.

8. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
No image.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Impulse
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...

9. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
E=V/d
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
PV=nRT and PV=kT

10. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Displacement
KE=Work
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.

11. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
Newton
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
E=V/d
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2

12. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings

13. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)

14. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Atmospheric pressure
(mg)sin(angle)
Newton
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2

15. Force in terms of pressure
Force= Pressure/Area
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Work

16. S.I. unit of momentum
Atmospheric pressure
Open right hand rule
m=(rho)V
kg•m/s

17. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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18. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
When it is on the same side as the image?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The bouncing of light

19. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
velocity

20. What is an isotope?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14

21. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Newton
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

22. S.I. unit of work
When it is on the same side as the image?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Joule
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2

23. What is electromagnetic induction?
Newton
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.

24. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Weight ...w=mg
V - a Joule/Coulomb

25. How can total momentum be calculated?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.

26. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Torque
Work

27. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Concave
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The motion of the molecules in gas.

28. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
Watt
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Displacement
It is the net force pointing towards the center.

29. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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30. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.

31. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
m^3/s
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
No image.

32. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
m^3/s
Newton

33. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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34. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Watt

35. What is the law of reflection?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Open right hand rule

36. Define reflection
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
The bouncing of light
m^3/s
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.

37. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
N•m
PV=nRT and PV=kT
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.

38. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
The light travels through the image.
Force= Pressure/Area

39. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Displacement
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.

40. What is Huygen's Principle?
Newton
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Atmospheric pressure
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.

41. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2

42. Define Refraction
The bending of light
Displacement
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.

43. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
The charge on each capacitor.

44. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
The nucleus
Convex
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.

45. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
E=V/d
Tesla
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.

46. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Displacement
Vertical direction

47. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...

48. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
F=kq1q2/R^2

49. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The volume under water
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.

50. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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