AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


2. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Convex
Torque
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
KE=Work


3. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Newton
F=kq1q2/R^2
W=qV
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


4. What is the area under any PV curve?

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5. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


6. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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7. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Newton


8. What is transmutation?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Newton


9. Work is the area under which curve?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The graph of force vs displacement
The velocity is positive


10. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
E=kq/R^2
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
A change in the gas' temperature.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


11. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Concave
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The bending of light
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


12. S.I. Unit of electric force
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Newton
E=kq/R^2
When the body rests on a surface.


13. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Zero.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The motion of the molecules in gas.


14. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
V=kq/R
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Impulse


15. S.I. unit of power
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Watt
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


16. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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17. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
E=V/d
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
N/C


18. What is the strong force?
Newton
W = KE:final - KE:initial
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


19. Define Refraction
Pascal
Initial velocity
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The bending of light


20. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The electric field forces charges to move.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


21. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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22. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
Alpha
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


23. Condition for no rotation
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Sum of the torques equal zero.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Joule


24. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
The electron


25. S.I. unit of centripetal force
Newton
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


26. What does the term potential difference mean?
Newton
Diverging
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.


27. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Torque
Work
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


28. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
PV=nRT and PV=kT


29. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Newton
V=kq/R
kg•m/s


30. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Force= Pressure/Area
Work
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


31. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.


32. What is electromagnetic induction?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
When it is on the same side as the image?
Weight ...w=mg
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


33. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


34. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


35. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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36. Flow Rate
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


37. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
kg•m/s
V=kq/R
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


38. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


39. How does temperature effect resistance?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
E=kq/R^2
Diverging
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


40. S.I. unit of torque
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
N•m
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


41. What is the energy of a photon?

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42. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
The transfer of thermal energy
The CHANGE in velocity.
(rho)gh


43. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


44. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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45. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
A1v1=a2v2
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


46. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
E=kq/R^2
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


47. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Joule
Entropy always increases.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


48. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
The charge on each capacitor.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


49. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Zero.
No image.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


50. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Work
Open right hand rule