AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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2. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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3. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


4. What makes an image 'real?'
The light travels through the image.
The electron
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


5. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The volume under water
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


6. How are velocity and speed different?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


7. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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8. Flow Rate
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
(mg)sin(angle)
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


9. What did Thompson discover?
A change in the gas' temperature.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Convex
The electron


10. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
Joule
Vertical direction
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


11. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.


12. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
The transfer of thermal energy
Joule
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


13. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Entropy always increases.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Zero.


14. What is impulse?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Weight ...w=mg
Newton
Impulse is the change in momentum


15. Condition for no rotation
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Convex
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


16. What does light absorption involve?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


17. What is the law of reflection?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
KE = (3/2)kT
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.


18. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Weber
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


19. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Initial velocity
Newton
E=V/d
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


20. S.I. Unit of electric force
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
The volume under water
Newton


21. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Joule
Sum of the torques equal zero.
F=kq1q2/R^2


22. What is half life?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Convex
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


23. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


24. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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25. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Weber
W=qV


26. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


27. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
velocity
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
KE=Work


28. What is force times time?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Impulse
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


29. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Impulse is (force)(time)
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


30. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
(mg)sin(angle)
Initial velocity
The graph of force vs displacement


31. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
When the body rests on a surface.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


32. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Convex
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


33. What is internal energy?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The nucleus
The motion of the molecules in gas.


34. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


35. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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36. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
E=V/d
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


37. What does the term potential difference mean?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


38. S.I. unit of torque
N•m
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
velocity
Newton


39. What is an isotope?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


40. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Concave
m^3/s
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


41. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
Atmospheric pressure
Initial velocity
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Joule


42. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Open right hand rule
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Sum of the torques equal zero.


43. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Zero.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


44. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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45. What comprises alpha radiation?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
A1v1=a2v2
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


46. What did Rutherford discover?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Impulse is (force)(time)
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The nucleus


47. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Diverging
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Open right hand rule
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


48. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
F=kq1q2/R^2
V=kq/R
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


49. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


50. Buoyancy
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t