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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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2. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Newton
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.

3. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Vertical direction
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2

4. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Entropy always increases.

5. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
The light travels through the image.
Force= Pressure/Area
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)

6. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Magnitude and direction

7. S.I. unit of pressure
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Diverging
Pascal

8. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The volume under water

9. What is the strong force?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Entropy always increases.
Concave
THe force that holds the nucleus together.

10. What is heat?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The transfer of thermal energy
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.

11. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
In front of the mirror - in the light.

12. Force in terms of pressure
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
A1v1=a2v2
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Force= Pressure/Area

13. What did Thompson discover?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The electron
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.

14. When is the image negative for a lens?
Weight ...w=mg
F=kq1q2/R^2
When it is on the same side as the image?
Initial velocity

15. What is an adiabatic process?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Concave
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.

16. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Joule
Newton
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Speed ups

17. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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18. What is electromagnetic induction?
Zero.
Entropy always increases.
The light travels through the image.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt

19. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Alpha

20. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Newton
Work
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.

21. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
V=kq/R
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Zero.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh

22. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Zero.
Work
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf

23. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB

24. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
Impulse is the change in momentum
When the body rests on a surface.
V=kq/R
Joule

25. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The velocity is positive
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.

26. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The body is moving at a constant velocity

27. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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28. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.

29. How does temperature effect resistance?
N/C
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
A change in the gas' temperature.

30. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)

31. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.

32. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
E=kq/R^2
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
W=qV
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14

33. S.I. unit of work
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Joule
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.

34. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Displacement
Speed ups

35. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
E=V/d
Vertical direction
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener

36. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Diverging
(rho)gh
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
When a body's speed is changing.

37. Define reflection
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
The bouncing of light
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.

38. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Initial velocity
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.

39. Define Snell's law.
Gamma
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
N•m
E=kq/R^2

40. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Ohm's Law: V=IR
F=kq1q2/R^2

41. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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42. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
E=V/d
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.

43. How can total momentum be calculated?
Moment arm
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Diverging
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.

44. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
N•m
V=kq/R
How quickly you change velocity.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)

45. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Watt

46. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
KE=Work
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.

47. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The charge on each capacitor.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)

48. What is half life?
A1v1=a2v2
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Sum of the torques equal zero.

49. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
How quickly you change velocity.
Joule
Open right hand rule
Alpha

50. Continuity equation
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Joule
A1v1=a2v2