AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the strong force?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


2. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Newton
E=kq/R^2
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
P=IV


3. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
A1v1=a2v2
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


4. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
(mg)sin(angle)
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


5. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Torque
Alpha
The CHANGE in velocity.


6. How does impulse relate to force?
Weight ...w=mg
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Impulse is (force)(time)


7. Unit of energy for electricity.
Torque
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Convex


8. How are velocity and speed different?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


9. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
W=qV


10. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The volume under water
Convex


11. What is an isotope?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Newton
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


12. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
The bending of light
When it is on the same side as the image?
F=kq1q2/R^2
E=kq/R^2


13. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
A1v1=a2v2
The charge on each capacitor.
Diverging
Atmospheric pressure


14. S.I. unit of power
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Watt
(mg)sin(angle)


15. What is acceleration?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Displacement
How quickly you change velocity.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


16. How does temperature effect resistance?
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Tesla
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


17. What is mass energy equivalence?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
ZERO


18. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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19. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
ZERO
Weber


20. How length effect resistance?
Impulse is (force)(time)
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


21. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


22. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


23. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


24. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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25. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Magnitude and direction
V=kq/R
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


26. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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27. What is the area under any PV curve?

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28. What is the law of reflection?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Torque
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


29. What is the photoelectric effect?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Gamma
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


30. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


31. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
The CHANGE in velocity.
F=qE
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Something other than zero.


32. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
KE = (3/2)kT
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
kg•m/s


33. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Weight ...w=mg
The charge on each capacitor.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


34. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Displacement


35. What shape is a diverging lenses?
When the body rests on a surface.
Newton
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Work done 'BY' the gas.


36. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


37. Continuity equation
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Newton
A1v1=a2v2
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


38. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


39. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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40. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
kg•m/s
Impulse
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
E=V/d


41. Buoyancy
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
E=hf
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


42. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
V=kq/R
Vertical direction
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


43. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Magnitude and direction
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


44. What is the binding energy?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Joule
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


45. S.I. unit of magnetism
The body is moving at a constant velocity
V=kq/R
m=(rho)V
Tesla


46. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


47. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
ZERO
(mg)sin(angle)


48. Flow Rate
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


49. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Convex
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


50. What makes an image 'real?'
The light travels through the image.
Weight ...w=mg
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
The graph of force vs displacement