AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The CHANGE in velocity.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


2. Work is the area under which curve?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The graph of force vs displacement
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


3. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
ZERO
W=qV


4. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


5. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


6. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


7. What two entities comprise a vector?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Magnitude and direction
Vertical direction
The motion of the molecules in gas.


8. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Newton
Initial velocity


9. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
W=qV


10. What is internal energy?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Impulse is (force)(time)
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The motion of the molecules in gas.


11. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Work done 'BY' the gas.


12. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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13. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Newton
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.


14. What is force times time?
When it is on the same side as the image?
Impulse
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


15. What shapes are converging lenses?
Joule
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Sum of the torques equal zero.


16. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


17. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


18. What is the energy of a photon?

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19. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
F=qE


20. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.


21. What causes resistance?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Zero.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


22. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
velocity
F=qE


23. What shape is a diverging lenses?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Joule
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
velocity


24. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
The electric field forces charges to move.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


25. Flow Rate
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


26. Define reflection
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The bouncing of light
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


27. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


28. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


29. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
Something other than zero.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


30. S.I. unit of momentum
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
kg•m/s


31. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Something other than zero.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


32. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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33. How can total momentum be calculated?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The transfer of thermal energy
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


34. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Convex


35. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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36. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Joule
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


37. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Moment arm


38. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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39. Force in terms of pressure
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Force= Pressure/Area


40. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Joule
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


41. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


42. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


43. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Joule
F=kq1q2/R^2
Concave
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


44. S.I. unit of torque
N•m
Newton
When a body's speed is changing.
Joule


45. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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46. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Torque
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


47. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
A1v1=a2v2
Speed ups
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The charge on each capacitor.


48. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The volume under water
E=V/d
Force= Pressure/Area
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)


49. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
E=hf
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


50. What is the law of reflection?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
N/C
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.