AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the photoelectric effect?
Newton
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


2. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Displacement
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Open right hand rule
Initial velocity


3. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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4. Define mass in terms of density.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
m=(rho)V
KE = (3/2)kT
F=qE


5. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


6. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Tesla
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


7. S.I. unit of momentum
kg•m/s
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Watt
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


8. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
Impulse is the change in momentum
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


9. What does light emission involve?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


10. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
E=hf
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


11. What two entities comprise a vector?
Magnitude and direction
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
When a body's speed is changing.


12. S.I. unit of power
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Watt
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


13. What comprises gamma decay?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
No image.


14. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
P=IV
V=kq/R
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


15. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Joule
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The velocity is positive


16. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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17. What is an adiabatic process?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Weight ...w=mg
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


18. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


19. What is the area under any PV curve?

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20. When is the image negative for a lens?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Vertical direction
When it is on the same side as the image?


21. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Concave
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Newton


22. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Speed ups
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


23. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Something other than zero.
(mg)sin(angle)
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


24. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Entropy always increases.


25. How does impulse relate to force?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Impulse is (force)(time)


26. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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27. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Alpha


28. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
The graph of force vs displacement
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
m^3/s
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


29. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
(rho)gh
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


30. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
F=kq1q2/R^2
The velocity is positive


31. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Weight ...w=mg
Zero.


32. What is force times time?
Impulse
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


33. What is acceleration?
How quickly you change velocity.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
(mg)sin(angle)


34. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
Joule
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
V=kq/R
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


35. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The CHANGE in velocity.
Gamma
Joule
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


36. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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37. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Concave


38. How does thickness effect resistance?
m=(rho)V
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


39. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


40. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


41. What did Rutherford discover?
Joule
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The nucleus
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


42. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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43. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Impulse is (force)(time)
Entropy always increases.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


44. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The bouncing of light


45. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Zero.
Newton


46. What causes radioactivity?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.


47. What does light absorption involve?
kg•m/s
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
m^3/s
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


48. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


49. What is heat?
Force= Pressure/Area
W = KE:final - KE:initial
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The transfer of thermal energy


50. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Torque
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Speed ups