AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is transmutation?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


2. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Entropy always increases.
Convex
Tesla
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


3. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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4. Define mass in terms of density.
Entropy always increases.
The bending of light
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
m=(rho)V


5. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
The velocity is positive
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
The bouncing of light
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


6. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


7. Gauge Pressure

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8. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
A1v1=a2v2


9. What happens at the critical angle?
Open right hand rule
N/C
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


10. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
W=qV
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
F=kq1q2/R^2


11. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Open right hand rule
F=kq1q2/R^2
Moment arm
Atmospheric pressure


12. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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13. What shape is a diverging mirror?
When a body's speed is changing.
V=kq/R
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


14. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Pascal
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


15. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


16. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


17. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
P=IV
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Initial velocity


18. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Torque
The velocity is positive
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


19. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
(rho)gh
m^3/s
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


20. What is internal energy?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The motion of the molecules in gas.


21. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The volume under water
Sum of the torques equal zero.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


22. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
F=qE
kg•m/s
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


23. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
(mg)sin(angle)
When the body rests on a surface.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


24. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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25. What comprises gamma decay?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
PV=nRT and PV=kT


26. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The electric field forces charges to move.
Moment arm
N•m


27. What shapes are converging lenses?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
ZERO


28. Define reflection
Newton
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The bouncing of light
Newton


29. What does the term potential difference mean?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
A change in the gas' temperature.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


30. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Displacement


31. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


32. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


33. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
How quickly you change velocity.
Joule
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


34. What is electromagnetic induction?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


35. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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36. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Newton
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


37. What is the strong force?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


38. What two entities comprise a vector?
Magnitude and direction
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


39. What is acceleration?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Force= Pressure/Area
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
How quickly you change velocity.


40. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The volume under water
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


41. S.I. unit of frictional force
KE=Work
Weber
Newton
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


42. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The body is moving at a constant velocity
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.


43. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


44. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Work
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
E=hf


45. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


46. What did Thompson discover?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
The electron
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Ohm's Law: V=IR


47. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
F=qE
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


48. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Convex


49. How does impulse relate to force?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Impulse is (force)(time)
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Weber


50. What does light absorption involve?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
V - a Joule/Coulomb