AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
V=kq/R
W=qV


2. What does light absorption involve?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Weber
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


3. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Ohm's Law: V=IR
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


4. Buoyancy
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Tesla


5. What comprises alpha radiation?
Open right hand rule
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Work
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


6. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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7. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Work


8. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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9. What is acceleration?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
How quickly you change velocity.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


10. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
The velocity is positive
The electron
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


11. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Atmospheric pressure
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


12. What happens at the critical angle?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Something other than zero.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
How quickly you change velocity.


13. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The velocity is positive
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


14. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
E=V/d
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


15. Unit of energy for electricity.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
How quickly you change velocity.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.


16. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


17. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The transfer of thermal energy
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The velocity is positive


18. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


19. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Convex
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


20. What is force times time?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Impulse
E=V/d
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


21. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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22. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
Tesla
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


23. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Convex
The transfer of thermal energy


24. S.I. Unit of electric force
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Newton


25. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Impulse is (force)(time)
Open right hand rule
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


26. Flow Rate
Vertical direction
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
W = KE:final - KE:initial
No image.


27. What two entities comprise a vector?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Magnitude and direction
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


28. S.I. unit of power
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Watt
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


29. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
E=kq/R^2
The light travels through the image.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Vertical direction


30. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
No image.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


31. S.I. unit of gravitational force
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Newton
kg•m/s


32. Unit of electric field
N/C
kg•m/s
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.


33. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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34. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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35. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
Force= Pressure/Area
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


36. How does impulse relate to force?
Moment arm
P=IV
Impulse is (force)(time)
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


37. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
kg•m/s
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


38. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The CHANGE in velocity.
How quickly you change velocity.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


39. S.I. unit of pressure
Pascal
V=kq/R
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.


40. What is mass energy equivalence?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Gamma


41. S.I. unit of magnetism
KE=Work
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Tesla


42. What shape is a diverging lenses?
The bending of light
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Something other than zero.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


43. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Diverging
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


44. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
Torque
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


45. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
The charge on each capacitor.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Convex
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.


46. S.I. unit of frictional force
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Newton
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


47. What comprises beta radiation?
The electron
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


48. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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49. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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50. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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