Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is Huygen's Principle?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


2. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Force= Pressure/Area
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Entropy always increases.


3. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


4. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
E=V/d
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


5. Define reflection
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The bouncing of light


6. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
E=V/d


7. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
N•m


8. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


9. What two entities comprise a vector?
The volume under water
Magnitude and direction
Moment arm
Concave


10. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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11. What is the binding energy?
A change in the gas' temperature.
How quickly you change velocity.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
V=kq/R


12. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
E=kq/R^2
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


13. How length effect resistance?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


14. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
KE = (3/2)kT


15. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
F=qE
V=kq/R
W=qV


16. S.I. unit of Flow rate
m^3/s
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


17. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The bending of light
The volume under water
The charge on each capacitor.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


18. What shape is a diverging mirror?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
W=qV


19. How does temperature effect resistance?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


20. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


21. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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22. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
N•m
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


23. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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24. What is temperature?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Torque
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


25. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Weber


26. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Pascal
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


27. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
E=V/d
The velocity is positive
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


28. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


29. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
Something other than zero.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
When the body rests on a surface.


30. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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31. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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32. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Convex


33. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
Displacement
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The volume under water
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


34. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
The velocity is positive
Magnitude and direction
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


35. What is impulse?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Impulse is the change in momentum


36. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
When it is on the same side as the image?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
F=kq1q2/R^2


37. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
velocity
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Convex


38. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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39. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
The volume under water
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Joule
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


40. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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41. What is internal energy?
KE=Work
Open right hand rule
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The motion of the molecules in gas.


42. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Convex
P=IV


43. Define diffraction
Magnitude and direction
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


44. Define Refraction
Diverging
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
The bending of light
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


45. What causes resistance?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
The light travels through the image.
When the body rests on a surface.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


46. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
V=kq/R


47. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


48. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


49. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
The CHANGE in velocity.
The light travels through the image.
The nucleus
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


50. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)