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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
Alpha
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Joule
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.

2. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Moment arm
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.

3. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Convex
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.

4. What do batteries and generators produce?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The electric field forces charges to move.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The bouncing of light

5. What is an isotope?
Watt
kg•m/s
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14

6. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Moment arm
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.

7. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

8. What did Thompson discover?
The electron
The charge on each capacitor.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Open right hand rule

9. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Newton
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.

10. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
E=kq/R^2
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Watt
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.

11. Under what conditions is heat positive?

12. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt

13. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The transfer of thermal energy

14. What is an adiabatic process?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.

15. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

16. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
The electron
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener

17. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
Tesla
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Zero.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB

18. What does light emission involve?
kg•m/s
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.

19. S.I. unit of pressure
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Pascal

20. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

21. What is heat?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The transfer of thermal energy

22. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
P=IV
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.

23. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
In front of the mirror - in the light.

24. How are velocity and speed different?
A1v1=a2v2
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The transfer of thermal energy
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.

25. Unit of electric field
Convex
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
N/C

26. Define reflection
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The bouncing of light
The light travels through the image.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.

27. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Vertical direction
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.

28. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)

29. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

30. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
W=qV
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Initial velocity
In front of the mirror - in the light.

31. What did Rutherford discover?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The nucleus
Diverging
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.

32. What is temperature?
Zero.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Joule

33. S.I. unit of power
Watt
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The bending of light
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)

34. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
(rho)gh

35. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

36. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
The transfer of thermal energy
(mg)sin(angle)
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The bending of light

37. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
The nucleus
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.

38. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

39. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Something other than zero.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Displacement

40. What does light absorption involve?
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Concave

41. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Entropy always increases.

42. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
Entropy always increases.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
W=qV

43. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
(rho)gh
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.

44. S.I. unit of frictional force
Newton
Gamma
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.

45. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

46. What is half life?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
ZERO
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.

47. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
Displacement
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
No image.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.

48. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.

49. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Alpha
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.

50. How does temperature effect resistance?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
W=qV
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.