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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does temperature effect resistance?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh

2. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Work
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Newton

3. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180 when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180 when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Pascal
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
The transfer of thermal energy

4. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2

5. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.

6. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
Open right hand rule
Tesla
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The charge on each capacitor.

7. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
F=kq1q2/R^2
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2

8. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Gamma
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.

9. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.

10. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
W=qV
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Force= Pressure/Area
Open right hand rule

11. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Torque
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Alpha
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.

12. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Work

13. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
Something other than zero.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90 to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)

14. What is the binding energy?
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)

15. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?
A change in the gas' temperature.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Initial velocity

16. S.I. unit of momentum
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
kgm/s
Newton

17. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Impulse is (force)(time)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90 to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)

18. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Entropy always increases.

19. How are velocity and speed different?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Pascal
Joule
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.

20. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Displacement

21. What is Huygen's Principle?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.

22. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Newton
Pascal
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.

23. What is the area under any PV curve?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The bending of light
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2

24. Force in terms of pressure
Force= Pressure/Area
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.

25. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
The refracted light ray is bent 90. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
W=qV
Diverging

26. What is transmutation?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.

27. What is internal energy?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)

28. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Entropy always increases.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180 when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180 when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.

29. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90 to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2

30. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
No image.
Nm
Gamma
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.

31. What causes radioactivity?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The CHANGE in velocity.

32. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.
The volume under water
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
ZERO
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

33. What shapes are converging lenses?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The electron

34. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
KE = (3/2)kT
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
No image.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)

35. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Torque
The light travels through the image.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.

36. What makes an image 'real?'
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The light travels through the image.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.

37. What are the three types of radiation?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

38. Define mass in terms of density.
m=(rho)V
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
P=IV
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.

39. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Torque
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.

40. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet

41. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
(mg)sin(angle)
A1v1=a2v2
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
V=kq/R

42. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Ohm's Law: V=IR
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.

43. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)

44. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The light travels through the image.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.

45. What two entities comprise a vector?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
P=IV
Magnitude and direction

46. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
No image.
A1v1=a2v2

47. How length effect resistance?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90 to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.

48. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Joule
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.

49. Define reflection
The velocity is positive
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The bouncing of light
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)

50. What is the energy of a photon?
Convex
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
m^3/s
Diverging

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