AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


2. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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3. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


4. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
E=kq/R^2
The bending of light
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


5. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Atmospheric pressure
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


6. What comprises beta radiation?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


7. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The electric field forces charges to move.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


8. How are velocity and speed different?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


9. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The volume under water
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


10. What makes an image 'real?'
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The light travels through the image.


11. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
(mg)sin(angle)
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


12. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.


13. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Sum of the torques equal zero.


14. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
In front of the mirror - in the light.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


15. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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16. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
E=V/d
When it is on the same side as the image?
ZERO
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


17. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Weight ...w=mg
V=kq/R
Impulse
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


18. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Joule
kg•m/s
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


19. S.I. unit of flux
Weber
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
N•m


20. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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21. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Joule
Zero.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Impulse is (force)(time)


22. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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23. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
How quickly you change velocity.
The charge on each capacitor.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


24. S.I. unit of power
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Watt
velocity
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


25. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Moment arm
Weber


26. What is mass energy equivalence?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
F=kq1q2/R^2
W=qV
No image.


27. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Impulse is the change in momentum
The graph of force vs displacement


28. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
The light travels through the image.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


29. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
The motion of the molecules in gas.


30. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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31. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
The electron
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


32. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


33. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


34. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
Tesla
m^3/s
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Zero.


35. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
Something other than zero.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


36. What is electromagnetic induction?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


37. How does thickness effect resistance?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Joule
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


38. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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39. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


40. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


41. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Atmospheric pressure
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


42. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The bouncing of light


43. S.I. unit of magnetism
Tesla
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


44. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
V=kq/R
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Torque


45. Unit of energy for electricity.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


46. What is heat?
velocity
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
KE=Work
The transfer of thermal energy


47. Flow Rate
Work done 'BY' the gas.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


48. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Initial velocity


49. What do batteries and generators produce?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
F=qE
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


50. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
P=IV
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Gamma
The bouncing of light