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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is impulse?
P=IV
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Impulse is the change in momentum
Magnitude and direction

2. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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3. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.

4. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Impulse is (force)(time)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.

5. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The velocity is positive
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)

6. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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7. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
A change in the gas' temperature.
Torque
ZERO

8. What forces charges to move?
Newton
N/C
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
The electric field forces charges to move.

9. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2

10. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
V=kq/R

11. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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12. What is half life?
The graph of force vs displacement
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Pascal
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.

13. How length effect resistance?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
E=hf
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.

14. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
The charge on each capacitor.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Ohm's Law: V=IR

15. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Impulse is (force)(time)
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The transfer of thermal energy

16. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
No image.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.

17. How are velocity and speed different?
Newton
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)

18. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Initial velocity
The transfer of thermal energy
Diverging
The nucleus

19. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Newton
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The CHANGE in velocity.

20. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
ZERO
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Concave

21. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
velocity
m^3/s
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t

22. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
N/C
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Zero.

23. Define reflection
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The bouncing of light
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.

24. What comprises beta radiation?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
It is the net force pointing towards the center.

25. What comprises gamma decay?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
W = KE:final - KE:initial

26. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
P=IV

27. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)

28. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
How quickly you change velocity.
Atmospheric pressure
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf

29. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Newton
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Joule

30. Unit of electric field
Tesla
Gamma
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
N/C

31. What does light emission involve?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Concave
Sum of the torques equal zero.

32. What comprises alpha radiation?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
F=qE
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.

33. S.I. unit of Flow rate
How quickly you change velocity.
(mg)sin(angle)
m^3/s
Diverging

34. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Convex
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The charge on each capacitor.

35. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
Newton
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Atmospheric pressure
The electric field forces charges to move.

36. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Torque
Open right hand rule

37. What is the photoelectric effect?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
How quickly you change velocity.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.

38. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
N•m

39. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
(mg)sin(angle)
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
ZERO
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.

40. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
In front of the mirror - in the light.

41. What is the energy of a photon?

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42. What causes resistance?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
(rho)gh
Work
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.

43. What does the term potential difference mean?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Newton
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.

44. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
F=kq1q2/R^2
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Diverging

45. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
How quickly you change velocity.
velocity
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Work done 'BY' the gas.

46. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
The nucleus
KE = (3/2)kT
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The electric field forces charges to move.

47. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The bouncing of light
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf

48. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Alpha
kg•m/s
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Current stays the same for resistors in series.

49. What is the law of reflection?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Entropy always increases.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.

50. S.I. unit of centripetal force
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Newton
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.