AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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2. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Entropy always increases.


3. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
F=qE
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


4. What is temperature?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.


5. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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6. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.


7. S.I. unit of flux
Weber
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


8. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Convex
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


9. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


10. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Weight ...w=mg
E=V/d
A change in the gas' temperature.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


11. Define reflection
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Newton
The bouncing of light


12. Work is the area under which curve?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Convex
The graph of force vs displacement
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


13. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
Displacement
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


14. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Impulse is the change in momentum
F=kq1q2/R^2


15. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Newton
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


16. S.I. Unit of electric force
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Newton
PV=nRT and PV=kT
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...


17. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Zero.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Work


18. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Impulse
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


19. When is the image negative for a lens?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Joule
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
When it is on the same side as the image?


20. What is the photoelectric effect?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


21. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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22. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Initial velocity


23. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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24. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Zero.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


25. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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26. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


27. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The charge on each capacitor.
Open right hand rule


28. S.I. unit of magnetism
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Tesla
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Displacement


29. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Initial velocity


30. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period


31. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Open right hand rule
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


32. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Concave
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


33. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
Newton
Watt
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Impulse


34. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


35. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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36. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
Displacement
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


37. What did Thompson discover?
The electron
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Entropy always increases.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


38. S.I. unit of power
Watt
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Force= Pressure/Area
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


39. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


40. What does the term potential difference mean?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
When the body rests on a surface.


41. What is the area under any PV curve?

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42. How are velocity and speed different?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


43. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
ZERO
When the body rests on a surface.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


44. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
W=qV
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Impulse is (force)(time)


45. What is an isotope?
Force= Pressure/Area
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Initial velocity


46. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Newton
KE=Work


47. Force in terms of pressure
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Force= Pressure/Area


48. Define Snell's law.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


49. S.I. unit of centripetal force
Newton
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
(rho)gh


50. What is the law of reflection?
The nucleus
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.