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• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is temperature?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The nucleus
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
N•m


2. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


3. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
ZERO
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The body is moving at a constant velocity


4. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Gamma


5. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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6. When is the image negative for a lens?
When it is on the same side as the image?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Open right hand rule
In front of the mirror - in the light.


7. Unit of energy for electricity.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


8. What is the binding energy?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
m=(rho)V
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


9. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


10. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
N•m
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


11. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
E=hf
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


12. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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13. What comprises alpha radiation?
The light travels through the image.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


14. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Open right hand rule
Watt
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


15. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
The CHANGE in velocity.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


16. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


17. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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18. What does the term potential difference mean?
Tesla
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


19. Condition for no rotation
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


20. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The electron
No image.


21. What causes radioactivity?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


22. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


23. S.I. unit of magnetism
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Tesla
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


24. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The bending of light
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


25. S.I. unit of work
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Joule
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


26. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The charge on each capacitor.


27. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
The bending of light
The CHANGE in velocity.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


28. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period


29. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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30. What causes resistance?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


31. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


32. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Gamma
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


33. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


34. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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35. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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36. What comprises beta radiation?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
E=hf
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v


37. How are velocity and speed different?
W=qV
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Joule


38. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
When the body rests on a surface.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
V - a Joule/Coulomb


39. S.I. unit of torque
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
N•m


40. Force in terms of pressure
The electron
Force= Pressure/Area
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


41. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Torque
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


42. Buoyancy
The bouncing of light
Joule
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


43. S.I. unit of flux
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Weber
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


44. What is transmutation?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Work
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


45. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
The nucleus
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


46. What is the law of reflection?
Convex
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Alpha
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


47. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The bending of light
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Sum of the torques equal zero.


48. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Convex
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


49. S.I. unit of momentum
Newton
kg•m/s
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
The electron


50. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)