AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
V=kq/R
Convex
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


2. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


3. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Initial velocity
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


4. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
The velocity is positive
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


5. What is the law of reflection?
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


6. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
When a body's speed is changing.
The body is moving at a constant velocity


7. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


8. What did Rutherford discover?
kg•m/s
The nucleus
Initial velocity
The graph of force vs displacement


9. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The nucleus
Torque
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.


10. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
F=qE
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


11. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
kg•m/s
The volume under water
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


12. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
The electron
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


13. What do batteries and generators produce?
kg•m/s
The electric field forces charges to move.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


14. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Diverging
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


15. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Open right hand rule
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


16. Define Snell's law.
Something other than zero.
A1v1=a2v2
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The volume under water


17. Unit of energy for electricity.
E=hf
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


18. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
Newton
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Tesla
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


19. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


20. S.I. unit of work
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Convex
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Joule


21. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Convex
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


22. What forces charges to move?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The electric field forces charges to move.


23. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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24. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Newton
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
(mg)sin(angle)


25. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Convex
Vertical direction
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.


26. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The nucleus
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...


27. What is Huygen's Principle?
Speed ups
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
E=kq/R^2


28. How does impulse relate to force?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Impulse is (force)(time)
Convex
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.


29. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The velocity is positive
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
F=qE


30. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
E=V/d
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Diverging
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


31. How does thickness effect resistance?
The bouncing of light
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Ohm's Law: V=IR


32. How can total momentum be calculated?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Joule
Convex
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


33. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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34. When is the image negative for a lens?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
When it is on the same side as the image?


35. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
Joule
F=qE
No image.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.


36. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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37. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
V=kq/R
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


38. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Displacement
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The electric field forces charges to move.
Moment arm


39. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


40. What is the area under any PV curve?

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41. What are the three types of radiation?
When the body rests on a surface.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


42. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
E=kq/R^2


43. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The CHANGE in velocity.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Gamma
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


44. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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45. S.I. unit of centripetal force
Newton
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
kg•m/s


46. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Open right hand rule
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Entropy always increases.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


47. Condition for no rotation
Sum of the torques equal zero.
(rho)gh
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


48. What causes radioactivity?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The electric field forces charges to move.
Watt


49. What is the energy of a photon?

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50. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
No image.