AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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2. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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3. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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4. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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5. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
The charge on each capacitor.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
F=qE
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


6. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Convex
F=kq1q2/R^2


7. Define mass in terms of density.
A change in the gas' temperature.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
m=(rho)V


8. How are velocity and speed different?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The bending of light
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.


9. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


10. What shape is a converging mirrors?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Ohm's Law: V=IR


11. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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12. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Impulse
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


13. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
Impulse is (force)(time)
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
W=qV


14. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


15. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


16. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Newton
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Convex
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


17. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
E=hf
KE=Work
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


18. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


19. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
ZERO
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


20. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
P=IV
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Work


21. S.I. unit of torque
The electron
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
N•m
The CHANGE in velocity.


22. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
The electric field forces charges to move.
Weber
Diverging
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


23. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


24. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Convex
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Joule


25. What is force times time?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Concave
Impulse


26. What comprises beta radiation?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


27. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
The transfer of thermal energy
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


28. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Concave
Weight ...w=mg
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


29. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
KE = (3/2)kT


30. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
N•m
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Impulse is the change in momentum


31. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
Convex
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
m=(rho)V
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


32. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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33. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
KE=Work
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


34. Define Refraction
Impulse is (force)(time)
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
When it is on the same side as the image?
The bending of light


35. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The electron
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
When a body's speed is changing.


36. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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37. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
P=IV
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


38. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Convex


39. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
How quickly you change velocity.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Entropy always increases.
Work done 'BY' the gas.


40. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
The bouncing of light
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


41. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Vertical direction
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The light travels through the image.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.


42. What comprises alpha radiation?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
A1v1=a2v2
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


43. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The bending of light


44. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Torque
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


45. S.I. unit of frictional force
Magnitude and direction
Newton
Force= Pressure/Area
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


46. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
m^3/s
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Speed ups
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


47. Energy of a SINGLE photon
Weight ...w=mg
E=hf
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


48. S.I. unit of power
m^3/s
Watt
(mg)sin(angle)
Concave


49. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
A1v1=a2v2
A change in the gas' temperature.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


50. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
KE = (3/2)kT
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Force= Pressure/Area