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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
V=kq/R
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.

2. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Speed ups
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Newton

3. What is electromagnetic induction?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.

4. Flow Rate
PV=nRT and PV=kT
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.

5. How can total momentum be calculated?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
The electric field forces charges to move.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.

6. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Newton
The body is moving at a constant velocity
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

7. Buoyancy
Vertical direction
E=kq/R^2
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.

8. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Newton

9. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

10. Unit of electric field
N/C
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
A change in the gas' temperature.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.

11. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Something other than zero.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

12. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Newton
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
(rho)gh
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.

13. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Speed ups
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Atmospheric pressure
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)

14. Condition for no rotation
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
KE = (3/2)kT
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf

15. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.

16. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.

17. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Convex
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)

18. Define reflection
The bouncing of light
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
P=IV
V=kq/R

19. What causes radioactivity?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

20. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Impulse is (force)(time)

21. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The volume under water
Newton
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.

22. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
Joule
velocity
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
E=kq/R^2

23. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Joule
The velocity is positive

24. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
N•m
Alpha
Work done 'BY' the gas.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

25. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Diverging
W=qV
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.

26. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Pascal

27. What shapes are converging lenses?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.

28. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Convex
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.

29. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The bouncing of light
The CHANGE in velocity.

30. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Atmospheric pressure
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.

31. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
F=kq1q2/R^2

32. Define mass in terms of density.
Initial velocity
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
m=(rho)V
E=kq/R^2

33. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Vertical direction
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2

34. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.

35. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
P=IV
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
velocity

36. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Alpha
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
V=kq/R

37. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Moment arm
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Torque
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings

38. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
(mg)sin(angle)
The body is moving at a constant velocity
When it is on the same side as the image?

39. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

40. What is force times time?
Impulse
F=kq1q2/R^2
V - a Joule/Coulomb
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.

41. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
A change in the gas' temperature.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2

42. How does temperature effect resistance?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Weber

43. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
m=(rho)V
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.

44. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Joule
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

45. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Open right hand rule
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)

46. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Weber
Impulse is the change in momentum
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.

47. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
Newton
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
In front of the mirror - in the light.

48. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)

49. When is the image negative for mirrors?

50. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.