AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Convex


2. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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3. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
KE = (3/2)kT
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Initial velocity
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


4. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


5. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Newton
Something other than zero.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


6. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Newton
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


7. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
W=qV
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
velocity


8. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Tesla
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


9. What causes radioactivity?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Zero.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
N/C


10. What does light emission involve?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Gamma
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


11. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
The velocity is positive
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Vertical direction
W=qV


12. What comprises alpha radiation?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
(rho)gh
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


13. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Displacement
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


14. What forces charges to move?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The electric field forces charges to move.
ZERO


15. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Moment arm
(mg)sin(angle)


16. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
F=qE
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Tesla


17. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The bouncing of light
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


18. What is the binding energy?
Weight ...w=mg
The charge on each capacitor.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Alpha


19. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Magnitude and direction
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Vertical direction


20. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Diverging
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


21. What causes resistance?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


22. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
N/C
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
F=kq1q2/R^2
Weight ...w=mg


23. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Impulse is (force)(time)
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


24. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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25. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
E=V/d
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Weber


26. What is internal energy?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The motion of the molecules in gas.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


27. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Newton
F=qE
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


28. How length effect resistance?
m=(rho)V
Zero.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


29. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Watt


30. How does impulse relate to force?
Impulse is (force)(time)
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


31. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
N•m
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The electron
velocity


32. S.I. unit of work
Joule
Concave
In front of the mirror - in the light.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


33. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
N/C
E=V/d
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Joule


34. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Work
When a body's speed is changing.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Newton


35. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Torque
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Joule


36. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Weight ...w=mg
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
W=qV


37. S.I. unit of gravitational force
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Newton


38. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
Zero.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Weber


39. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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40. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
How quickly you change velocity.


41. What did Thompson discover?
A1v1=a2v2
Concave
The electron
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.


42. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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43. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


44. What shapes are converging lenses?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


45. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Newton
F=kq1q2/R^2
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


46. What is transmutation?
Weber
The velocity is positive
The charge on each capacitor.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


47. S.I. unit of momentum
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
kg•m/s
W=qV
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


48. What did Rutherford discover?
The nucleus
Atmospheric pressure
Open right hand rule
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


49. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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50. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Force= Pressure/Area
Zero.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.