AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Zero.
m^3/s
V=kq/R


2. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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3. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Joule
The graph of force vs displacement
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
F=qE


4. What forces charges to move?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The electric field forces charges to move.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


5. Unit of energy for electricity.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
(rho)gh


6. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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7. How length effect resistance?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


8. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
Joule
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


9. Gauge Pressure

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10. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


11. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Zero.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Tesla


12. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.


13. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Concave
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
KE = (3/2)kT


14. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
N/C
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Force= Pressure/Area
Weight ...w=mg


15. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
Concave
The volume under water
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


16. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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17. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Convex
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
m^3/s


18. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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19. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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20. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
A1v1=a2v2
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


21. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
Impulse is the change in momentum
Entropy always increases.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
No image.


22. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
F=qE
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.


23. What is transmutation?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Weight ...w=mg
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


24. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Impulse is the change in momentum
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...


25. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The electric field forces charges to move.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


26. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Vertical direction
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Newton
Moment arm


27. What is impulse?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Impulse is the change in momentum
ZERO
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


28. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Speed ups
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Joule
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


29. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
P=IV
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


30. What is the law of reflection?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
E=V/d


31. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
V=kq/R
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


32. What does the term potential difference mean?
W=qV
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Moment arm
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


33. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


34. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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35. Define reflection
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
E=V/d
The bouncing of light


36. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
The volume under water
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
F=qE


37. What is mass energy equivalence?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


38. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Vertical direction
Tesla
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


39. What do batteries and generators produce?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
ZERO
The CHANGE in velocity.


40. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


41. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Torque
Displacement
Diverging


42. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The light travels through the image.


43. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
A change in the gas' temperature.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Weight ...w=mg
Concave


44. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Weber
Work
The CHANGE in velocity.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


45. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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46. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Newton
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


47. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
F=qE
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


48. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Newton
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


49. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The electric field forces charges to move.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


50. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
velocity
How quickly you change velocity.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The bouncing of light