AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What causes radioactivity?
Newton
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Weight ...w=mg


2. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
Force= Pressure/Area
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
F=qE


3. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
F=qE
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Newton


4. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
E=V/d
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Entropy always increases.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


5. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


6. What is the law of reflection?
Moment arm
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


7. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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8. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The volume under water


9. Unit of electric field
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Impulse
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
N/C


10. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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11. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Newton
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Alpha


12. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Something other than zero.
Weber
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


13. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


14. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
The volume under water
Impulse is the change in momentum
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
KE = (3/2)kT


15. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
The light travels through the image.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


16. What is the photoelectric effect?
Concave
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


17. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


18. What happens at the critical angle?
Watt
Open right hand rule
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Zero.


19. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
KE = (3/2)kT
Impulse
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


20. Condition for no rotation
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Sum of the torques equal zero.


21. S.I. unit of frictional force
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Newton
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


22. What is the binding energy?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


23. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
No image.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


24. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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25. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
N/C
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
(mg)sin(angle)


26. What does the term potential difference mean?
E=hf
When the body rests on a surface.
Joule
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


27. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Concave
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Sum of the torques equal zero.


28. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
The transfer of thermal energy
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The velocity is positive


29. What shape is a diverging mirror?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Torque
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Gamma


30. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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31. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The electric field forces charges to move.
Impulse


32. Unit of energy for electricity.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Moment arm
V - a Joule/Coulomb


33. What is mass energy equivalence?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


34. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


35. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The volume under water
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


36. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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37. S.I. unit of torque
Ohm's Law: V=IR
kg•m/s
N•m
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...


38. What is heat?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The transfer of thermal energy
Tesla
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


39. What shape is a diverging lenses?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
KE = (3/2)kT
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


40. S.I. unit of work
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Joule
The transfer of thermal energy
The graph of force vs displacement


41. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
The light travels through the image.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Convex
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


42. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


43. What is Huygen's Principle?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


44. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


45. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
KE=Work
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Weber


46. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
The bending of light
F=qE


47. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
Magnitude and direction
The bending of light
E=hf
PV=nRT and PV=kT


48. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
F=kq1q2/R^2
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Atmospheric pressure


49. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
V=kq/R
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


50. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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