AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is impulse?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The charge on each capacitor.
Impulse is the change in momentum


2. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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3. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
KE=Work
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Torque
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


4. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Torque


5. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
A1v1=a2v2
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


6. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
The bending of light
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
KE = (3/2)kT
No image.


7. What comprises gamma decay?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


8. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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9. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
W=qV
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


10. S.I. Unit of electric force
Newton
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


11. What is an isotope?
The graph of force vs displacement
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


12. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
F=qE
Newton
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Moment arm


13. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.


14. What is heat?
m=(rho)V
Diverging
The transfer of thermal energy
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


15. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Joule
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


16. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The bending of light
In front of the mirror - in the light.


17. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
Entropy always increases.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


18. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
F=qE
Work
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


19. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The volume under water
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


20. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
Joule
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
V=kq/R
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


21. S.I. unit of frictional force
Newton
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


22. What is the energy of a photon?

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23. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Atmospheric pressure
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
F=kq1q2/R^2


24. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
A change in the gas' temperature.


25. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
Watt
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Atmospheric pressure
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


26. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


27. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Vertical direction
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


28. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Torque
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


29. What is mass energy equivalence?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
kg•m/s


30. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Concave
The graph of force vs displacement
Convex
When it is on the same side as the image?


31. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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32. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


33. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Concave
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


34. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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35. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Diverging
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Newton
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


36. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
Joule
Impulse is the change in momentum
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


37. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
The electric field forces charges to move.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


38. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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39. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Convex
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Initial velocity
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


40. What is Huygen's Principle?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


41. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


42. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


43. S.I. unit of magnetism
m=(rho)V
Tesla
The velocity is positive
Diverging


44. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
When the body rests on a surface.
Joule
m=(rho)V
Speed ups


45. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


46. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
W = KE:final - KE:initial
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Joule


47. What is the photoelectric effect?
N•m
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


48. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Watt
V=kq/R


49. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


50. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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