AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Condition for no rotation
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
F=kq1q2/R^2


2. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
Entropy always increases.
Newton
Impulse is (force)(time)
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


3. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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4. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


5. What do batteries and generators produce?
Impulse
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Something other than zero.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


6. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Convex
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Entropy always increases.


7. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
E=V/d
Impulse
E=kq/R^2
ZERO


8. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
N•m
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
PV=nRT and PV=kT


9. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Alpha
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


10. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


11. What is temperature?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Weber
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


12. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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13. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Newton


14. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Concave


15. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Concave
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The bending of light


16. S.I. unit of Flow rate
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
m^3/s
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


17. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
The light travels through the image.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
(rho)gh
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


18. What causes resistance?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Impulse


19. What is mass energy equivalence?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
F=kq1q2/R^2


20. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
Gamma
Something other than zero.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Watt


21. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
Watt
F=qE
Work done 'BY' the gas.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


22. Define diffraction
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
P=IV
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


23. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
Newton
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Impulse is the change in momentum


24. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Joule
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


25. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


26. What is the area under any PV curve?

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27. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


28. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.


29. Define Refraction
PV=nRT and PV=kT
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Work
The bending of light


30. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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31. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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32. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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33. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Joule
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Moment arm
W = KE:final - KE:initial


34. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
When it is on the same side as the image?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


35. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


36. What is internal energy?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Moment arm


37. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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38. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


39. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
F=qE
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Moment arm


40. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
The bouncing of light
P=IV
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


41. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Convex
Vertical direction
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


42. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The velocity is positive


43. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Newton
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


44. What is impulse?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Impulse is the change in momentum
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Convex


45. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Speed ups
N•m
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


46. Define reflection
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The bouncing of light
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


47. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
KE = (3/2)kT
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.


48. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Impulse is the change in momentum


49. Continuity equation
A1v1=a2v2
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
N•m
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...


50. What comprises gamma decay?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Newton
F=qE