Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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2. Define Refraction
(rho)gh
The bending of light
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


3. What is electromagnetic induction?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
In front of the mirror - in the light.


4. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
(mg)sin(angle)


5. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


6. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The electric field forces charges to move.


7. Define reflection
ZERO
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The bouncing of light
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


8. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Convex
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
ZERO


9. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Work
Pascal
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


10. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Entropy always increases.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


11. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
velocity
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


12. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
W=qV
kg•m/s
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


13. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Magnitude and direction
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


14. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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15. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The volume under water
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


16. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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17. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The nucleus
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The CHANGE in velocity.


18. Flow Rate
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


19. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
PV=nRT and PV=kT


20. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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21. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
When the body rests on a surface.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
(rho)gh
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


22. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
Newton
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


23. What is the binding energy?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


24. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
How quickly you change velocity.
The graph of force vs displacement
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


25. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
No image.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


26. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


27. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Vertical direction


28. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
Zero.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Gamma
In front of the mirror - in the light.


29. S.I. unit of power
Watt
Gamma
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


30. What are the three types of radiation?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Concave
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


31. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


32. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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33. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Alpha
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
F=kq1q2/R^2


34. What causes radioactivity?
Weight ...w=mg
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
E=V/d


35. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The charge on each capacitor.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


36. What is an adiabatic process?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
The electron
Something other than zero.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


37. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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38. What is impulse?
Impulse is the change in momentum
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Torque


39. What shapes are converging lenses?
Moment arm
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


40. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
V=kq/R
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


41. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
V=kq/R
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
When it is on the same side as the image?


42. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Alpha
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
The graph of force vs displacement


43. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
E=kq/R^2
Joule


44. Define Snell's law.
Convex
V=kq/R
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


45. Energy of a SINGLE photon
Torque
E=hf
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


46. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
W = KE:final - KE:initial


47. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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48. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
P=IV


49. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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50. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
KE=Work
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
KE = (3/2)kT