AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Joule
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


2. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
Newton
F=kq1q2/R^2
Alpha
V=kq/R


3. What is internal energy?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
(mg)sin(angle)
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The motion of the molecules in gas.


4. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
Magnitude and direction
E=hf
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


5. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


6. S.I. unit of Flow rate
m^3/s
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
F=qE
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


7. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Entropy always increases.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


8. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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9. What do batteries and generators produce?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


10. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Atmospheric pressure
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


11. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
The charge on each capacitor.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Concave


12. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
P=IV
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


13. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Work
KE=Work
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


14. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Convex


15. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
F=qE
Newton
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


16. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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17. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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18. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
Atmospheric pressure
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


19. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Joule
m=(rho)V
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


20. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
When the body rests on a surface.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
F=qE
N•m


21. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


22. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
V=kq/R
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
A1v1=a2v2


23. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
W=qV
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


24. What two entities comprise a vector?
kg•m/s
Magnitude and direction
V=kq/R
Ohm's Law: V=IR


25. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Torque
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


26. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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27. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
E=kq/R^2
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The nucleus
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


28. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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29. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Watt
Work
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


30. What is the strong force?
Zero.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


31. Define mass in terms of density.
m=(rho)V
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Moment arm


32. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The transfer of thermal energy
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Something other than zero.


33. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Impulse is (force)(time)
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Gamma


34. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


35. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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36. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
Newton
Zero.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


37. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Impulse is (force)(time)
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


38. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


39. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
The nucleus
Diverging
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Work done 'BY' the gas.


40. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Newton
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


41. What is force times time?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Impulse
Initial velocity
m^3/s


42. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


43. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
When it is on the same side as the image?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
P=IV
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


44. What is mass energy equivalence?
Displacement
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The electric field forces charges to move.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


45. S.I. unit of frictional force
Newton
F=qE
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


46. What is an adiabatic process?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


47. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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48. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
The bending of light
The nucleus
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


49. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Zero.
The CHANGE in velocity.


50. What makes an image 'real?'
Newton
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The light travels through the image.