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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
Impulse is the change in momentum
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.

2. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
kg•m/s
Work
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.

3. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
When it is on the same side as the image?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.

4. What is the photoelectric effect?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
F=qE
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.

5. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

6. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Newton
Initial velocity
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2

7. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

8. What shape is a converging mirrors?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)

9. Work is the area under which curve?
The graph of force vs displacement
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.

10. What comprises beta radiation?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.

11. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
When it is on the same side as the image?

12. Condition for no rotation
Sum of the torques equal zero.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Diverging
Open right hand rule

13. Energy of a SINGLE photon
E=hf
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Newton
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.

14. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

15. How does temperature effect resistance?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
V=kq/R

16. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

17. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)

18. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Newton
The bouncing of light
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period

19. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
kg•m/s
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.

20. What forces charges to move?
The electric field forces charges to move.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.

21. Force in terms of pressure
The light travels through the image.
The volume under water
Impulse
Force= Pressure/Area

22. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Gamma
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)

23. Continuity equation
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Initial velocity
A1v1=a2v2
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.

24. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
When a body's speed is changing.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
(rho)gh

25. Under what conditions is heat positive?

26. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Alpha

27. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

28. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
The velocity is positive
Force= Pressure/Area
Concave
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)

29. Flow Rate
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
When a body's speed is changing.
Newton
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)

30. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.

31. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
E=hf
W=qV
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)

32. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.

33. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
Weight ...w=mg
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The bouncing of light

34. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Tesla
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.

35. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
KE = (3/2)kT

36. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The nucleus
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)

37. How can total momentum be calculated?
The electron
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Zero.
velocity

38. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
P=IV
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
When a body's speed is changing.

39. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)

40. What two entities comprise a vector?
Magnitude and direction
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t

41. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
Impulse is (force)(time)
Diverging
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

42. Define reflection
A1v1=a2v2
The bouncing of light
Magnitude and direction
Joule

43. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

44. What is the area under any PV curve?

45. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Weber
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Impulse is the change in momentum

46. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Torque
Magnitude and direction
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.

47. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
The nucleus
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.

48. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.

49. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Speed ups
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
N/C
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.

50. What shape is a diverging lenses?
When the body rests on a surface.
E=V/d
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.