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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.

2. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
V=kq/R
Something other than zero.
Joule
m=(rho)V

3. Force in terms of pressure
Newton
Force= Pressure/Area
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.

4. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
F=qE
E=hf
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Gamma

5. S.I. unit of Flow rate
E=kq/R^2
m^3/s
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
ZERO

6. What causes resistance?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.

7. S.I. unit of frictional force
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The charge on each capacitor.
Newton
E=hf

8. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
How quickly you change velocity.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)

9. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
V=kq/R
Entropy always increases.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Work

10. How does impulse relate to force?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
F=qE
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Impulse is (force)(time)

11. What comprises gamma decay?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial

12. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

13. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
When a body's speed is changing.
W=qV
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Concave

14. What forces charges to move?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Newton
Weight ...w=mg
The electric field forces charges to move.

15. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.

16. What is heat?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The transfer of thermal energy
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.

17. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Newton

18. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.

19. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
V=kq/R
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

20. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

21. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Convex
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.

22. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The electron
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.

23. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.

24. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Something other than zero.

25. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)

26. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The transfer of thermal energy
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)

27. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Convex
Vertical direction
V=kq/R
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)

28. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Convex
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Zero.

29. What is the photoelectric effect?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Vertical direction

30. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The charge on each capacitor.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...

31. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
No image.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Magnitude and direction
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.

32. What did Rutherford discover?
kg•m/s
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
The nucleus
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2

33. What is the energy of a photon?

34. Continuity equation
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Something other than zero.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
A1v1=a2v2

35. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Joule
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.

36. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Zero.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.

37. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Joule

38. Define reflection
The bouncing of light
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Impulse is the change in momentum
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.

39. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
A1v1=a2v2
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
W = KE:final - KE:initial

40. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

41. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Force= Pressure/Area
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The CHANGE in velocity.

42. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Speed ups

43. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
(rho)gh
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)

44. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
A1v1=a2v2
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.

45. What is force times time?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Impulse

46. What causes radioactivity?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.

47. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.

48. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.

49. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+

50. Define Refraction
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The bending of light