AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


2. What does the term potential difference mean?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Entropy always increases.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


3. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The CHANGE in velocity.
Open right hand rule
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


4. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


5. What is Huygen's Principle?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
When a body's speed is changing.
The light travels through the image.


6. Work is the area under which curve?
KE=Work
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
The graph of force vs displacement


7. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Joule


8. Energy of a SINGLE photon
E=hf
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
V=kq/R
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


9. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Alpha
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


10. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
(mg)sin(angle)
Newton
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


11. What is electromagnetic induction?
Speed ups
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Weight ...w=mg
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


12. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Concave
The nucleus


13. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
When the body rests on a surface.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


14. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
V=kq/R
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


15. S.I. unit of magnetism
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Tesla
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


16. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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17. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


18. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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19. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Gamma
A change in the gas' temperature.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The velocity is positive


20. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Convex
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Weber
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


21. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
(rho)gh
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


22. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Something other than zero.


23. What is impulse?
Joule
Concave
Impulse is the change in momentum
KE = (3/2)kT


24. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


25. What is the energy of a photon?

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26. Define Refraction
Force= Pressure/Area
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The bending of light
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


27. When is the image negative for a lens?
When it is on the same side as the image?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
(mg)sin(angle)
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


28. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
E=kq/R^2
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Zero.


29. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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30. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Something other than zero.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Initial velocity


31. What does light absorption involve?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Atmospheric pressure
E=V/d
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


32. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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33. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
ZERO
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


34. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


35. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
The charge on each capacitor.
Entropy always increases.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Newton


36. What is force times time?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Impulse
When the body rests on a surface.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


37. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
velocity
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Concave
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


38. What forces charges to move?
Impulse is the change in momentum
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The electric field forces charges to move.
V=kq/R


39. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
F=kq1q2/R^2
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


40. S.I. Unit of electric force
Newton
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
E=hf
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


41. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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42. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


43. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
Torque
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


44. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
Atmospheric pressure
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


45. Define mass in terms of density.
Impulse is (force)(time)
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The volume under water
m=(rho)V


46. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
Joule
Displacement
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
No image.


47. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Atmospheric pressure
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


48. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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49. Gauge Pressure

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50. S.I. unit of flux
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Weber
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.