AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
E=hf
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


2. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Sum of the torques equal zero.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
(rho)gh


3. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
(mg)sin(angle)
The bouncing of light
PV=nRT and PV=kT


4. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The velocity is positive


5. What is the area under any PV curve?

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6. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


7. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Initial velocity
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


8. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Impulse is (force)(time)
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


9. What are the three types of radiation?
A1v1=a2v2
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Impulse is (force)(time)


10. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Impulse is (force)(time)
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
F=qE


11. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
(mg)sin(angle)
Entropy always increases.


12. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Work done 'BY' the gas.


13. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The bending of light
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


14. Define reflection
(mg)sin(angle)
The bouncing of light
E=kq/R^2
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


15. What shapes are converging lenses?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Alpha
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


16. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Initial velocity
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


17. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Gamma
Entropy always increases.
Concave
The motion of the molecules in gas.


18. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.


19. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


20. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
F=qE


21. S.I. unit of momentum
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
kg•m/s
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
E=kq/R^2


22. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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23. What did Rutherford discover?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The nucleus


24. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Newton
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
F=kq1q2/R^2


25. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
The velocity is positive
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


26. What makes an image 'real?'
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The light travels through the image.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


27. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Impulse is the change in momentum
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


28. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


29. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Open right hand rule
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


30. What is an isotope?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The volume under water
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


31. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
The bending of light
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


32. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Watt


33. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
P=IV
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


34. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
V=kq/R


35. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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36. Buoyancy
Tesla
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


37. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
Impulse is (force)(time)
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


38. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
When the body rests on a surface.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The velocity is positive
Moment arm


39. How does impulse relate to force?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Impulse is (force)(time)
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


40. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
(mg)sin(angle)
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


41. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


42. What is electromagnetic induction?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Concave
W=qV
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


43. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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44. How does thickness effect resistance?
Initial velocity
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


45. S.I. unit of centripetal force
The electron
E=hf
Newton
kg•m/s


46. Gauge Pressure

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47. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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48. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
F=qE
The volume under water
Gamma


49. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The electron
E=kq/R^2


50. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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