AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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2. Condition for no rotation
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


3. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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4. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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5. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


6. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Joule
(mg)sin(angle)


7. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
How quickly you change velocity.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


8. What is acceleration?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
How quickly you change velocity.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


9. What is internal energy?
When it is on the same side as the image?
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


10. Flow Rate
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
KE = (3/2)kT
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


11. Define mass in terms of density.
Displacement
ZERO
m=(rho)V
Ohm's Law: V=IR


12. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


13. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
P=IV


14. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


15. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.


16. How does temperature effect resistance?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


17. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
N•m
The charge on each capacitor.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


18. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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19. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Weber
Work
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


20. How are velocity and speed different?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


21. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Weight ...w=mg
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Force= Pressure/Area


22. S.I. unit of flux
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Weber
Joule


23. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Joule
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


24. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
KE=Work
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


25. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Displacement
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


26. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


27. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Newton
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


28. What is an isotope?
The bending of light
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


29. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


30. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
E=kq/R^2


31. Define diffraction
Concave
The volume under water
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Pascal


32. S.I. Unit of electric force
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Newton
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


33. How can total momentum be calculated?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Concave
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


34. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The volume under water
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


35. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Convex
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)


36. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Weber


37. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


38. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The bouncing of light
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.


39. What is the area under any PV curve?

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40. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Newton
ZERO
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.


41. S.I. unit of magnetism
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Tesla
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


42. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


43. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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44. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The nucleus
(rho)gh
The body is moving at a constant velocity


45. What are the three types of radiation?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


46. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
KE = (3/2)kT
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
F=qE
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


47. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Alpha
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Watt
F=qE


48. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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49. What is Huygen's Principle?
Newton
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Tesla


50. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial