AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
N/C
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Entropy always increases.


2. What is an adiabatic process?
Magnitude and direction
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


3. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


4. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Work
Joule


5. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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6. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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7. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Concave
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


8. What shapes are converging lenses?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


9. What did Thompson discover?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
The electron
Watt
Displacement


10. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Watt
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The transfer of thermal energy


11. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Concave
Moment arm


12. What is mass energy equivalence?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
No image.
Watt


13. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Joule
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


14. What does the term potential difference mean?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The electron
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
N•m


15. Define Refraction
Alpha
The bending of light
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


16. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
F=qE
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The electric field forces charges to move.


17. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
E=hf


18. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
KE=Work
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Atmospheric pressure


19. Gauge Pressure

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20. Unit of energy for electricity.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Zero.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


21. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
A change in the gas' temperature.
Weight ...w=mg
Displacement
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


22. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Newton
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
E=hf


23. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Impulse is (force)(time)
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
E=kq/R^2
Newton


24. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Zero.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


25. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


26. What shape is a diverging lenses?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


27. What comprises alpha radiation?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


28. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
The electron
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


29. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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30. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
P=IV
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


31. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
Zero.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Initial velocity
The velocity is positive


32. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Speed ups
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


33. When is the image negative for a lens?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The bending of light
Tesla
When it is on the same side as the image?


34. What is the photoelectric effect?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
E=V/d


35. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
KE = (3/2)kT


36. S.I. unit of Flow rate
m^3/s
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
velocity
(mg)sin(angle)


37. S.I. unit of flux
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Weber


38. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


39. Define reflection
The bouncing of light
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The motion of the molecules in gas.


40. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Newton
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


41. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
N•m
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


42. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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43. S.I. unit of pressure
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Pascal


44. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
Joule
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


45. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


46. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
KE=Work


47. What comprises gamma decay?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


48. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Joule
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


49. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Displacement
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


50. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.