AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What comprises beta radiation?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


2. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


3. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
KE=Work


4. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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5. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
Watt
E=kq/R^2
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


6. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Diverging
m=(rho)V
V=kq/R
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


7. Unit of electric field
Something other than zero.
N/C
No image.
Weight ...w=mg


8. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


9. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
No image.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
V=kq/R


10. S.I. unit of frictional force
Newton
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Speed ups
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


11. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Pascal
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Diverging
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


12. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
KE = (3/2)kT
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


13. Force in terms of pressure
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Force= Pressure/Area
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


14. What happens at the critical angle?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


15. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
No image.
Joule
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


16. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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17. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The transfer of thermal energy
Moment arm
The light travels through the image.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


18. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
When the body rests on a surface.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The charge on each capacitor.


19. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Moment arm
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


20. How can total momentum be calculated?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


21. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
A change in the gas' temperature.


22. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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23. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Force= Pressure/Area


24. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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25. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


26. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Joule
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
(rho)gh
Work


27. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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28. What forces charges to move?
Weight ...w=mg
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The electric field forces charges to move.


29. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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30. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
Torque
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Convex


31. What is the area under any PV curve?

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32. What causes radioactivity?
Weight ...w=mg
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
PV=nRT and PV=kT


33. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


34. S.I. unit of centripetal force
Vertical direction
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Newton
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.


35. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Open right hand rule
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


36. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
A change in the gas' temperature.
Watt


37. S.I. unit of power
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Watt


38. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Work
Weight ...w=mg


39. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
The velocity is positive
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


40. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
KE = (3/2)kT


41. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Weber
In front of the mirror - in the light.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


42. What is the binding energy?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Joule


43. What is heat?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The transfer of thermal energy
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


44. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Newton
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


45. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Force= Pressure/Area
Zero.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


46. What is impulse?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Impulse is the change in momentum


47. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
KE = (3/2)kT
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
kg•m/s
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


48. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
Torque
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
E=V/d
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


49. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Displacement
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


50. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Initial velocity
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.