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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the term potential difference mean?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Something other than zero.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings

2. S.I. unit of flux
The bending of light
Weber
The nucleus
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.

3. What is an isotope?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Tesla
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Impulse is the change in momentum

4. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Torque
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.

5. S.I. unit of momentum
kg•m/s
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.

6. What is internal energy?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
KE=Work

7. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Convex

8. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
V=kq/R
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

9. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The charge on each capacitor.

10. What is mass energy equivalence?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)

11. S.I. unit of Flow rate
m^3/s
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Gamma

12. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Displacement

13. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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14. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Impulse is the change in momentum
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.

15. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
When the body rests on a surface.
The light travels through the image.
The CHANGE in velocity.
E=hf

16. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
kg•m/s
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body

17. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
The velocity is positive
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.

18. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
Newton
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
F=kq1q2/R^2
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)

19. What did Thompson discover?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The electron
Weight ...w=mg
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)

20. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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21. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
KE=Work
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

22. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.

23. How can total momentum be calculated?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
V=kq/R
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.

24. What did Rutherford discover?
The nucleus
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Gamma

25. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
E=hf
Weber
Watt
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.

26. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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27. What is the binding energy?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Impulse is (force)(time)

28. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
No image.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.

29. How are velocity and speed different?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Speed ups
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.

30. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The bending of light

31. How does thickness effect resistance?
Atmospheric pressure
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

32. S.I. unit of work
N/C
A1v1=a2v2
Joule
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.

33. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Atmospheric pressure

34. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
m^3/s
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Convex
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.

35. S.I. unit of frictional force
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Newton
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Convex

36. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
Moment arm
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.

37. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Something other than zero.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Watt

38. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Initial velocity
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial

39. What is electromagnetic induction?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
No image.
The transfer of thermal energy
Newton

40. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Newton
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.

41. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
(rho)gh
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
No image.

42. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The electron

43. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
E=kq/R^2
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.

44. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.

45. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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46. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Something other than zero.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.

47. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The graph of force vs displacement
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener

48. What comprises alpha radiation?
E=kq/R^2
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.

49. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
When the body rests on a surface.

50. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
(rho)gh
No image.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.