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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is temperature?
Initial velocity
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The electron
Moment arm

2. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The electron
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)

3. What forces charges to move?
The electric field forces charges to move.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.

4. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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5. What did Thompson discover?
The electron
E=hf
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)

6. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.

7. S.I. unit of flux
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Weight ...w=mg
Weber

8. Energy of a SINGLE photon
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
E=hf
Convex

9. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
The graph of force vs displacement
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

10. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.

11. What causes resistance?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
E=V/d
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.

12. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Pascal
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body

13. What is the energy of a photon?

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14. What do batteries and generators produce?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Displacement
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.

15. What is transmutation?
ZERO
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Entropy always increases.

16. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.

17. S.I. unit of magnetism
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Tesla
E=V/d
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14

18. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Joule
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)

19. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
(mg)sin(angle)
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2

20. Define mass in terms of density.
m=(rho)V
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Something other than zero.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.

21. What causes radioactivity?
Newton
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
P=IV

22. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Work done 'BY' the gas.

23. S.I. unit of centripetal force
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Newton

24. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
E=kq/R^2
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.

25. Define diffraction
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.

26. S.I. unit of momentum
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The velocity is positive
kg•m/s

27. What is impulse?
Impulse is the change in momentum
The electric field forces charges to move.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.

28. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
The volume under water
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

29. What shape is a diverging lenses?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)

30. What are the three types of radiation?
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Entropy always increases.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma

31. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Torque
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.

32. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
Convex
Joule
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The CHANGE in velocity.

33. What is an adiabatic process?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.

34. What comprises gamma decay?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.

35. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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36. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Moment arm
ZERO
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)

37. What is an isotope?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.

38. S.I. unit of power
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
P=IV
Watt

39. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
F=kq1q2/R^2
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.

40. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Weight ...w=mg
Ohm's Law: V=IR
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.

41. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
When it is on the same side as the image?
V=kq/R
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

42. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Newton
V=kq/R
m=(rho)V

43. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
V=kq/R
Weight ...w=mg
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...

44. S.I. unit of frictional force
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Gamma
Newton
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.

45. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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46. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
The charge on each capacitor.
Joule
Displacement
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings

47. What is force times time?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Impulse
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
E=V/d

48. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
Something other than zero.
The light travels through the image.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
ZERO

49. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)

50. What comprises beta radiation?
The charge on each capacitor.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The electric field forces charges to move.
Impulse is (force)(time)