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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
E=kq/R^2
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.

2. Condition for no rotation
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Sum of the torques equal zero.

3. How are velocity and speed different?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Newton
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
N•m

4. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
The light travels through the image.
Impulse is (force)(time)
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Concave

5. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
The transfer of thermal energy
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.

6. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
F=kq1q2/R^2
When a body's speed is changing.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Vertical direction

7. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Impulse
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.

8. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
W=qV
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.

9. Buoyancy
The nucleus
The electron
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.

10. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
No image.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)

11. S.I. unit of momentum
kg•m/s
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The electron
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.

12. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
The bending of light

13. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf

14. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
(mg)sin(angle)
Zero.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.

15. What is acceleration?
Magnitude and direction
V - a Joule/Coulomb
How quickly you change velocity.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.

16. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Atmospheric pressure
E=kq/R^2
Initial velocity

17. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The bending of light
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.

18. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

19. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
(rho)gh
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.

20. What makes an image 'real?'
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The light travels through the image.
Ohm's Law: V=IR

21. S.I. unit of Flow rate
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
m^3/s
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.

22. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
Magnitude and direction
Zero.
ZERO
When a body's speed is changing.

23. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Initial velocity
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.

24. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Watt
Magnitude and direction
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh

25. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

26. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

27. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

28. What did Thompson discover?
Vertical direction
The electron
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
W = KE:final - KE:initial

29. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
When the body rests on a surface.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.

30. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
A change in the gas' temperature.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.

31. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The electron
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.

32. What forces charges to move?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The nucleus
Alpha
The electric field forces charges to move.

33. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
kg•m/s

34. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Joule
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
How quickly you change velocity.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial

35. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
Newton
KE = (3/2)kT
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
No image.

36. Work is the area under which curve?
The graph of force vs displacement
Torque
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The electron

37. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The CHANGE in velocity.
Weber
No image.
Entropy always increases.

38. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
PV=nRT and PV=kT

39. What do batteries and generators produce?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Convex
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.

40. When is the image negative for mirrors?

41. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)

42. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)

43. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Pascal
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.

44. What shapes are converging lenses?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.

45. What happens at the critical angle?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.

46. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.

47. What is electromagnetic induction?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.

48. Define Refraction
Weber
The bending of light
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB

49. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
A1v1=a2v2
The velocity is positive
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The light travels through the image.

50. Force in terms of pressure
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Force= Pressure/Area