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AP Physics

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
kgm/s
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.

2. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
W=qV

3. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Work done 'BY' the gas.

4. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
(mg)sin(angle)
Speed ups
kgm/s
The bending of light

5. Force in terms of pressure
Joule
Force= Pressure/Area
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Moment arm

6. S.I. unit of magnetism
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Tesla
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.

7. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Alpha
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.

8. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Work
Concave
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.

9. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Atmospheric pressure

10. What is an isotope?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.

11. S.I. unit of torque
The velocity is positive
Nm
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.

12. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
When it is on the same side as the image?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The nucleus
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.

13. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?
The bouncing of light
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Impulse is (force)(time)

14. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Displacement
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The nucleus

15. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180 when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180 when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
m^3/s
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf

16. When is the image negative for a lens?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.

17. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Diverging
Newton
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)

18. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.

19. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Concave
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.

20. Flow Rate
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)

21. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Entropy always increases.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma

22. How does temperature effect resistance?
Newton
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.

23. How does thickness effect resistance?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)

24. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
m=(rho)V

25. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The electric field forces charges to move.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.

26. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)

27. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
It is the net force pointing towards the center.

28. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Newton
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Vertical direction
V - a Joule/Coulomb

29. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Open right hand rule
Atmospheric pressure

30. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Weber

31. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
A change in the gas' temperature.
Joule
Work

32. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Vertical direction

33. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
The nucleus
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
V=kq/R

34. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90 to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
V=kq/R
N/C
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.

35. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Initial velocity

36. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
Joule
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
(rho)gh
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)

37. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
Impulse is the change in momentum
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.

38. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Displacement
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.

39. What shape is a diverging lenses?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180 when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180 when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)

40. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Weber
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v

41. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
F=kq1q2/R^2

42. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?
Concave
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Newton

43. S.I. unit of centripetal force
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Newton
Force= Pressure/Area
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

44. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Joule
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.

45. What does light absorption involve?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
When the body rests on a surface.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

46. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
When the body rests on a surface.
F=qE
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)

47. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Speed ups
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.

48. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The graph of force vs displacement
F=qE

49. Under what conditions is heat positive?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The electron

50. S.I. unit of momentum
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The CHANGE in velocity.
kgm/s
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

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