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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The volume under water
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.

2. What two entities comprise a vector?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Magnitude and direction
It is the net force pointing towards the center.

3. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
P=IV
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Concave
Displacement

4. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Concave

5. What is temperature?
Pascal
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener

6. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The CHANGE in velocity.
Impulse
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.

7. Flow Rate
N•m
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)

8. What causes radioactivity?
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE

9. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Concave
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14

10. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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11. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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12. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
KE=Work
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The volume under water

13. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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14. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The bouncing of light

15. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Impulse is (force)(time)

16. Define diffraction
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.

17. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Magnitude and direction
Work
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
V - a Joule/Coulomb

18. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The graph of force vs displacement

19. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
Newton
Convex
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The transfer of thermal energy

20. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
The volume under water
Weight ...w=mg
Newton
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.

21. What makes an image 'real?'
The light travels through the image.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
KE = (3/2)kT
Concave

22. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Newton
(mg)sin(angle)
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh

23. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Tesla

24. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Speed ups
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.

25. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Newton
Concave
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)

26. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
m=(rho)V
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The charge on each capacitor.

27. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.

28. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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29. Energy of a SINGLE photon
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
E=hf
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)

30. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Convex
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)

31. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Torque
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Newton

32. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Open right hand rule
(mg)sin(angle)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Newton

33. What does light absorption involve?
Weber
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

34. Unit of energy for electricity.
A1v1=a2v2
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
F=kq1q2/R^2
V - a Joule/Coulomb

35. What is transmutation?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
F=qE
PV=nRT and PV=kT
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.

36. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.

37. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
The transfer of thermal energy
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.

38. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

39. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
Displacement
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Moment arm
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.

40. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The electron
No image.

41. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
KE = (3/2)kT
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.

42. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The charge on each capacitor.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Alpha

43. What is impulse?
E=kq/R^2
When it is on the same side as the image?
Impulse is the change in momentum
Alpha

44. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
m=(rho)V
Speed ups
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.

45. What is half life?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.

46. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
A1v1=a2v2
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Joule

47. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
When it is on the same side as the image?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

48. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
V=kq/R
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Diverging

49. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
V=kq/R
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.

50. Unit of electric field
N/C
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.