AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Moment arm
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Vertical direction


2. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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3. Buoyancy
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


4. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
Atmospheric pressure
Convex
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
W=qV


5. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
The nucleus
Something other than zero.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


6. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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7. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Magnitude and direction


8. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
velocity
Entropy always increases.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


9. S.I. unit of torque
Weight ...w=mg
Vertical direction
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
N•m


10. What shape is a converging mirrors?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


11. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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12. S.I. unit of flux
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Concave
Weber
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


13. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


14. What is internal energy?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


15. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
The volume under water
P=IV
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


16. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
Convex
PV=nRT and PV=kT
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


17. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
When a body's speed is changing.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
P=IV
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


18. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
When it is on the same side as the image?


19. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
The CHANGE in velocity.
The velocity is positive
Force= Pressure/Area
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


20. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
V=kq/R
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


21. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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22. S.I. unit of magnetism
Alpha
Tesla
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
KE = (3/2)kT


23. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The electric field forces charges to move.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


24. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The electric field forces charges to move.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


25. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The CHANGE in velocity.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


26. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
The graph of force vs displacement
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


27. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Something other than zero.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
E=V/d


28. What are the three types of radiation?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
A change in the gas' temperature.


29. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
Atmospheric pressure
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The nucleus


30. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Open right hand rule
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
KE=Work
The velocity is positive


31. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


32. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
Concave
V=kq/R
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
How quickly you change velocity.


33. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Concave
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
E=V/d


34. What comprises alpha radiation?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Joule
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


35. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


36. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


37. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Magnitude and direction
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


38. S.I. unit of Flow rate
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
m^3/s
Entropy always increases.


39. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
F=kq1q2/R^2
E=kq/R^2
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


40. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
Magnitude and direction
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


41. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
E=V/d
When a body's speed is changing.
The volume under water
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


42. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
E=hf
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The volume under water
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


43. What is the energy of a photon?

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44. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Alpha
Zero.
The electron


45. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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46. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Atmospheric pressure
Entropy always increases.


47. What is transmutation?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Diverging
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


48. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


49. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
F=kq1q2/R^2
W=qV
Speed ups


50. What does light absorption involve?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Joule
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.