AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Energy of a SINGLE photon
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
(rho)gh
E=hf
W=qV


2. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Vertical direction


3. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
A1v1=a2v2
Impulse is (force)(time)
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


4. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
W=qV


5. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
PV=nRT and PV=kT
The electron
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


6. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
F=kq1q2/R^2
ZERO
Weight ...w=mg


7. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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8. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


9. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


10. What causes radioactivity?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Joule
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
velocity


11. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


12. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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13. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
The light travels through the image.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
The nucleus


14. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Impulse is the change in momentum
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


15. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


16. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Convex
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
m^3/s


17. What shapes are converging lenses?
The transfer of thermal energy
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Convex
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


18. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Newton
In front of the mirror - in the light.


19. What is electromagnetic induction?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
E=V/d
(mg)sin(angle)


20. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
kg•m/s
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


21. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Joule
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


22. S.I. unit of power
Watt
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


23. S.I. unit of work
Joule
Speed ups
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


24. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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25. What is the strong force?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
m^3/s
Joule
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


26. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
V=kq/R
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


27. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
Newton
F=kq1q2/R^2
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
velocity


28. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
Gamma
The charge on each capacitor.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


29. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


30. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
(mg)sin(angle)
Gamma
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Moment arm


31. How does thickness effect resistance?
Impulse is (force)(time)
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


32. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


33. Flow Rate
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The nucleus
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


34. What did Thompson discover?
The electron
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


35. What is the binding energy?
Weight ...w=mg
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
m=(rho)V


36. What shape is a converging mirrors?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
The light travels through the image.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


37. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
The electric field forces charges to move.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


38. Define Refraction
The CHANGE in velocity.
The bending of light
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


39. What is acceleration?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
How quickly you change velocity.
The transfer of thermal energy


40. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
Open right hand rule
The velocity is positive
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


41. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Concave
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Something other than zero.
Convex


42. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Newton
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


43. What comprises alpha radiation?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
kg•m/s
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


44. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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45. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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46. What comprises beta radiation?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Magnitude and direction
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


47. Define reflection
The bending of light
The bouncing of light
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.


48. Buoyancy
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Gamma
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


49. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
velocity


50. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
When a body's speed is changing.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)