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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
F=kq1q2/R^2
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period

2. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Initial velocity
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)

3. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
The bending of light
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.

4. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.

5. What is the law of reflection?
Concave
The bouncing of light
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
A change in the gas' temperature.

6. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2

7. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Gamma
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.

8. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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9. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Gamma
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
P=IV

10. What is temperature?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
(rho)gh

11. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
F=kq1q2/R^2
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Vertical direction

12. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Weber
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.

13. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
The nucleus
Newton
P=IV

14. How are velocity and speed different?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.

15. What did Rutherford discover?
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
The nucleus
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.

16. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
Impulse is (force)(time)
The CHANGE in velocity.
Weber
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...

17. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Impulse is (force)(time)
N/C

18. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.

19. Work is the area under which curve?
The bending of light
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
The graph of force vs displacement
The charge on each capacitor.

20. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
KE = (3/2)kT
Convex
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.

21. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Weight ...w=mg
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Convex
No image.

22. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
kg•m/s
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.

23. S.I. unit of centripetal force
m^3/s
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Newton

24. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The transfer of thermal energy

25. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
A1v1=a2v2
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
KE = (3/2)kT
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.

26. Continuity equation
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
E=hf
A1v1=a2v2

27. S.I. unit of Flow rate
m^3/s
When a body's speed is changing.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Tesla

28. What is force times time?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
N•m
Impulse

29. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh

30. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
Newton
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
How quickly you change velocity.

31. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.

32. How can total momentum be calculated?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
E=kq/R^2

33. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Alpha
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.

34. Force in terms of pressure
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Force= Pressure/Area
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

35. What shape is a diverging mirror?
Alpha
E=V/d
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt

36. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Alpha
KE=Work
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.

37. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.

38. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Torque
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...

39. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.

40. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
m^3/s
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.

41. What two entities comprise a vector?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
V=kq/R
Magnitude and direction

42. What is mass energy equivalence?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.

43. What is impulse?
Impulse is the change in momentum
m^3/s
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.

44. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Atmospheric pressure
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.

45. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
velocity
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.

46. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
(mg)sin(angle)
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
(rho)gh

47. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Concave
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Open right hand rule

48. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
Concave
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.

49. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Displacement
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.

50. How length effect resistance?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The transfer of thermal energy