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AP Physics

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the area under any PV curve?
Concave
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Work done 'BY' the gas.

2. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
V=kq/R
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.

3. When is the image negative for mirrors?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.

4. What makes an image 'real?'
m^3/s
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The light travels through the image.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.

5. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.
Joule
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time

6. What is impulse?
(mg)sin(angle)
Impulse is the change in momentum
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Ohm's Law: V=IR

7. How length effect resistance?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.

8. What is the photoelectric effect?
Newton
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Initial velocity
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.

9. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)

10. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.

11. S.I. unit of torque
Nm
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Displacement

12. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
The CHANGE in velocity.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.

13. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
Work
V=kq/R
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
E=kq/R^2

14. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
V=kq/R
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.

15. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Tesla
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.

16. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Newton
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.

17. Under what conditions is heat positive?
Moment arm
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.

18. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
The bending of light
Convex
velocity
The charge on each capacitor.

19. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
A1v1=a2v2
Watt

20. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Pascal
Magnitude and direction
E=V/d

21. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
Weight ...w=mg
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma

22. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Moment arm
PV=nRT and PV=kT

23. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
The body is moving at a constant velocity

24. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Joule
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...

25. Flow Rate
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The light travels through the image.
Joule
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)

26. What is transmutation?
KE = (3/2)kT
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

27. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
Pascal
Speed ups
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.

28. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
The transfer of thermal energy
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
m^3/s
Concave

29. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Nm

30. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.

31. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t

32. What happens at the critical angle?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Something other than zero.
The refracted light ray is bent 90. (Parallel to the interface surface.)

33. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.

34. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
E=V/d
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.

35. What is an isotope?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.

36. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The bending of light

37. What is force times time?
Impulse
m^3/s
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

38. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma

39. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
The refracted light ray is bent 90. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
F=qE
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

40. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.

41. What is Huygen's Principle?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)

42. S.I. Unit of electric force
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Newton

43. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Weight ...w=mg
No image.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.

44. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Alpha
N/C
Newton

45. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Joule
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.

46. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
V=kq/R
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Joule

47. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
When a body's speed is changing.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Weight ...w=mg
Alpha

48. What is heat?
The transfer of thermal energy
Joule
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Force= Pressure/Area

49. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.

50. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
V=kq/R
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener

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