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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What comprises beta radiation?
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Joule
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.

2. Define mass in terms of density.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Initial velocity
m=(rho)V

3. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Newton

4. What happens at the critical angle?
Vertical direction
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.

5. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
N•m
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

6. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Convex
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The velocity is positive

7. What forces charges to move?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The electric field forces charges to move.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.

8. S.I. unit of momentum
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
kg•m/s

9. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)

10. S.I. unit of magnetism
Tesla
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)

11. What did Thompson discover?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The electron
Convex
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

12. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The light travels through the image.
Impulse is (force)(time)

13. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
Weber
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.

14. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
A change in the gas' temperature.
V=kq/R
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The velocity is positive

15. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The nucleus
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.

16. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
(rho)gh
Gamma
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)

17. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
A1v1=a2v2
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
V=kq/R

18. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
The light travels through the image.

19. How can total momentum be calculated?
Newton
Work
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Impulse is the change in momentum

20. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Atmospheric pressure
Zero.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.

21. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Displacement
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.

22. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.

23. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t

24. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Newton
Impulse is (force)(time)
Newton

25. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Moment arm

26. Force in terms of pressure
E=V/d
Force= Pressure/Area
Concave
KE = (3/2)kT

27. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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28. What is temperature?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh

29. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
The bouncing of light
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
E=V/d

30. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Torque
Newton

31. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
KE = (3/2)kT
Open right hand rule
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.

32. S.I. unit of frictional force
Magnitude and direction
Newton
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt

33. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh

34. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The velocity is positive

35. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Speed ups
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.

36. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Joule
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings

37. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.

38. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.

39. What is electromagnetic induction?
Diverging
No image.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt

40. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
When the body rests on a surface.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.

41. S.I. unit of work
Torque
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Joule

42. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.

43. S.I. unit of flux
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
The transfer of thermal energy
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Weber

44. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period

45. What is the law of reflection?
Tesla
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
The bending of light
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.

46. Energy of a SINGLE photon
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
V=kq/R
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
E=hf

47. S.I. unit of torque
N•m
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Newton

48. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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49. S.I. unit of pressure
Pascal
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.

50. Define reflection
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The bouncing of light
The light travels through the image.