AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. S.I. unit of torque
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Impulse
N•m
In front of the mirror - in the light.


2. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


3. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Watt
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


4. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
E=hf
Open right hand rule
A1v1=a2v2


5. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


6. What is transmutation?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


7. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Joule
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


8. When is the image negative for a lens?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


9. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
E=kq/R^2
The transfer of thermal energy


10. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
velocity
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


11. What is the binding energy?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


12. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
N•m
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


13. What do batteries and generators produce?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Tesla
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Convex


14. What is the law of reflection?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
E=hf


15. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Impulse
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


16. What shape is a diverging lenses?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


17. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Concave
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


18. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Impulse is (force)(time)


19. Define Refraction
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
The bending of light
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


20. S.I. unit of power
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Watt
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


21. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Work
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


22. What are the three types of radiation?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
When the body rests on a surface.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


23. S.I. unit of flux
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Weber
PV=nRT and PV=kT


24. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Concave
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


25. How does a wires composition effect resistance?


26. What happens at the critical angle?
The nucleus
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Newton
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


27. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?


28. How length effect resistance?
Atmospheric pressure
P=IV
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


29. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Joule


30. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
m=(rho)V
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
(rho)gh


31. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
W=qV
Force= Pressure/Area
Open right hand rule
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


32. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
ZERO
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.


33. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Convex
The electric field forces charges to move.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v


34. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


35. S.I. unit of pressure
Pascal
Newton
Zero.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


36. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
Weight ...w=mg
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The CHANGE in velocity.
The graph of force vs displacement


37. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


38. Continuity equation
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
A1v1=a2v2
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v


39. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
E=V/d


40. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Displacement
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Diverging
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.


41. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Gamma
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


42. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Something other than zero.


43. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Vertical direction
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


44. What is an adiabatic process?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


45. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


46. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
(rho)gh
Displacement
The nucleus
A1v1=a2v2


47. S.I. unit of magnetism
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Tesla
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period


48. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


49. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
F=qE
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Impulse is (force)(time)
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


50. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
When the body rests on a surface.
The volume under water
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Convex