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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Convex
Impulse
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)

2. What are the three types of radiation?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma

3. What is the law of reflection?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.

4. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.

5. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2

6. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The volume under water

7. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)

8. How are velocity and speed different?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Something other than zero.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.

9. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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10. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Zero.

11. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
V=kq/R
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.

12. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Alpha

13. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Convex
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
m=(rho)V

14. What comprises alpha radiation?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.

15. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Zero.
Gamma
velocity
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)

16. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.

17. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.

18. What comprises gamma decay?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.

19. Define Snell's law.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Magnitude and direction

20. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.

21. What do batteries and generators produce?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
V=kq/R
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The CHANGE in velocity.

22. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
The bending of light
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)

23. What is acceleration?
Weight ...w=mg
How quickly you change velocity.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.

24. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
A1v1=a2v2
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period

25. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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26. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Vertical direction

27. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.

28. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Tesla
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
W=qV

29. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Moment arm
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.

30. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...

31. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
Atmospheric pressure
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
The nucleus
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet

32. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
KE = (3/2)kT
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.

33. How length effect resistance?
Entropy always increases.
A1v1=a2v2
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

34. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Joule
Diverging
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.

35. S.I. unit of momentum
kg•m/s
velocity
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The transfer of thermal energy

36. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
Vertical direction
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

37. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Torque
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.

38. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
E=kq/R^2
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.

39. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.

40. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Work

41. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Gamma
F=kq1q2/R^2
The graph of force vs displacement

42. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
W=qV
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.

43. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
Something other than zero.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Impulse
V=kq/R

44. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
m^3/s
Joule
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.

45. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
E=kq/R^2
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)

46. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Joule
Displacement
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time

47. What is half life?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Pascal
N/C
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.

48. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
V=kq/R
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.

49. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Work
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

50. What is temperature?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2