AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
velocity
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


2. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Speed ups
Joule
E=hf
Joule


3. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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4. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Impulse is (force)(time)
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Weber


5. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


6. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
The CHANGE in velocity.


7. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


8. What makes an image 'real?'
Tesla
The light travels through the image.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Work


9. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
kg•m/s
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


10. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
The bending of light
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Force= Pressure/Area


11. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Joule


12. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
Concave
Atmospheric pressure
ZERO
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


13. What is Huygen's Principle?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
W=qV
The bending of light


14. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
(rho)gh
The body is moving at a constant velocity
KE = (3/2)kT


15. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
The graph of force vs displacement


16. What is force times time?
m^3/s
Impulse
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
KE=Work


17. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Convex
The bending of light


18. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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19. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
velocity
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
The electric field forces charges to move.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


20. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Force= Pressure/Area
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


21. Flow Rate
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


22. S.I. unit of gravitational force
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Newton
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


23. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


24. What is transmutation?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Open right hand rule


25. What is half life?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The electric field forces charges to move.


26. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
velocity


27. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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28. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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29. Define mass in terms of density.
m=(rho)V
The velocity is positive
Impulse is (force)(time)
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


30. What is the strong force?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v


31. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
KE=Work
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Sum of the torques equal zero.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


32. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Weight ...w=mg
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


33. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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34. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
E=hf
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The charge on each capacitor.


35. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Magnitude and direction
Vertical direction
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Convex


36. How length effect resistance?
Weight ...w=mg
Open right hand rule
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
How quickly you change velocity.


37. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Joule
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


38. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period


39. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
KE = (3/2)kT
Joule
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


40. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


41. What is an adiabatic process?
Joule
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


42. How are velocity and speed different?
The light travels through the image.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
When the body rests on a surface.


43. Energy of a SINGLE photon
E=hf
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.


44. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Torque
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


45. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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46. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
E=V/d
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


47. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Diverging
The bouncing of light
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


48. What two entities comprise a vector?
A1v1=a2v2
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Magnitude and direction


49. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
Joule
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
The volume under water


50. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.