AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Flow Rate
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...


2. S.I. unit of power
Watt
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Open right hand rule
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


3. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Initial velocity
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


4. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Speed ups
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


5. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
F=kq1q2/R^2
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Joule


6. Define diffraction
(mg)sin(angle)
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


7. How length effect resistance?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


8. S.I. unit of momentum
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
When the body rests on a surface.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
kg•m/s


9. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Gamma
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


10. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
Torque
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
N/C
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


11. Define reflection
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
The bouncing of light
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


12. What causes radioactivity?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
KE=Work
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
(mg)sin(angle)


13. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The transfer of thermal energy
Gamma
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


14. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
(mg)sin(angle)


15. Unit of energy for electricity.
The bending of light
When a body's speed is changing.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
V - a Joule/Coulomb


16. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Alpha


17. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Atmospheric pressure
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Tesla


18. How can total momentum be calculated?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


19. S.I. unit of work
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Joule
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


20. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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21. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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22. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The body is moving at a constant velocity


23. When is the image negative for a lens?
When it is on the same side as the image?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
P=IV


24. What is Huygen's Principle?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Watt
m^3/s


25. Work is the area under which curve?
velocity
The graph of force vs displacement
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The CHANGE in velocity.


26. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


27. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


28. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The volume under water


29. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
When a body's speed is changing.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


30. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
KE = (3/2)kT
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


31. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


32. What is an isotope?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


33. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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34. What did Thompson discover?
velocity
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The electron


35. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Joule
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


36. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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37. Gauge Pressure

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38. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Joule


39. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
The volume under water
V=kq/R


40. Continuity equation
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
A1v1=a2v2
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.


41. How does temperature effect resistance?
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


42. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


43. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


44. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
W=qV
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
F=qE
The electric field forces charges to move.


45. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


46. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
Newton
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Atmospheric pressure


47. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The electric field forces charges to move.


48. What is impulse?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Torque
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Impulse is the change in momentum


49. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
When a body's speed is changing.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
N•m
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


50. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
No image.