Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Torque
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


2. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
The electric field forces charges to move.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
In front of the mirror - in the light.


3. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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4. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
A1v1=a2v2
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


5. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


6. What happens at the critical angle?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The charge on each capacitor.
velocity


7. What does light absorption involve?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


8. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
V=kq/R
W=qV
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


9. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Joule
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


10. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
F=kq1q2/R^2
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


11. What do batteries and generators produce?
Entropy always increases.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


12. S.I. unit of flux
KE=Work
Weber
W=qV
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


13. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Impulse
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


14. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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15. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
A change in the gas' temperature.
Work
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


16. What is the photoelectric effect?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


17. What is the law of reflection?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


18. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The electric field forces charges to move.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Diverging
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


19. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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20. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


21. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
The charge on each capacitor.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Impulse is the change in momentum
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


22. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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23. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Entropy always increases.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


24. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Displacement


25. Flow Rate
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
The graph of force vs displacement
E=kq/R^2


26. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Zero.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Torque


27. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The bouncing of light
m=(rho)V
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


28. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


29. How does temperature effect resistance?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Newton
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


30. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
V=kq/R
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Alpha


31. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
velocity
Convex
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


32. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Joule


33. S.I. unit of pressure
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Pascal


34. What did Thompson discover?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The electron
Tesla
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


35. What is acceleration?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Atmospheric pressure
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
How quickly you change velocity.


36. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


37. Define reflection
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
The bouncing of light
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


38. What did Rutherford discover?
The nucleus
Gamma
Magnitude and direction
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.


39. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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40. What shapes are converging lenses?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


41. What is an isotope?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Pascal


42. What is impulse?
Weber
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


43. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Convex
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
W=qV
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


44. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
The bouncing of light
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
m^3/s


45. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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46. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Watt
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Entropy always increases.


47. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


48. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
The charge on each capacitor.


49. S.I. unit of torque
N•m
Displacement
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


50. What is Huygen's Principle?
kg•m/s
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Work
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.