Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
How quickly you change velocity.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The bouncing of light


2. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
A1v1=a2v2


3. S.I. unit of magnetism
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Tesla
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


4. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
N/C
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


5. What comprises alpha radiation?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The volume under water
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


6. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Speed ups
Watt
Newton
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


7. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Work
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


8. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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9. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


10. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Concave
Gamma


11. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


12. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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13. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


14. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Work
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


15. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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16. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
V=kq/R
W=qV
Impulse


17. What is acceleration?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
m^3/s
V - a Joule/Coulomb
How quickly you change velocity.


18. What shape is a diverging lenses?
The bending of light
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Torque
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


19. Energy of a SINGLE photon
Force= Pressure/Area
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
E=hf


20. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Displacement
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Impulse


21. What is the energy of a photon?

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22. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The electric field forces charges to move.


23. Unit of electric field
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
N/C
Convex


24. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Concave
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


25. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Convex
Pascal
Initial velocity


26. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
KE=Work
Alpha
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


27. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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28. What did Thompson discover?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The electron


29. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
Joule
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
E=kq/R^2


30. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
E=hf


31. S.I. unit of work
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The bending of light
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Joule


32. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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33. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


34. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The graph of force vs displacement
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.


35. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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36. What does the term potential difference mean?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


37. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
V=kq/R
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


38. What do batteries and generators produce?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
How quickly you change velocity.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


39. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
When it is on the same side as the image?
The graph of force vs displacement
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Newton


40. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


41. Define Snell's law.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Convex
Joule


42. S.I. unit of centripetal force
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Newton
Something other than zero.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


43. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Concave
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


44. What shapes are converging lenses?
Speed ups
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Atmospheric pressure


45. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


46. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
KE=Work


47. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
V=kq/R
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


48. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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49. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Open right hand rule


50. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2