AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


2. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
(rho)gh
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Vertical direction


3. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The light travels through the image.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.


4. Gauge Pressure

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5. What makes an image 'real?'
Watt
The electron
The light travels through the image.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


6. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


7. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


8. Define diffraction
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


9. What is temperature?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Newton
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


10. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Entropy always increases.
Diverging
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


11. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Force= Pressure/Area


12. When is the image negative for a lens?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
When it is on the same side as the image?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
The electron


13. Unit of energy for electricity.
F=qE
KE=Work
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
V - a Joule/Coulomb


14. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
KE=Work


15. What is the strong force?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
No image.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


16. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
F=qE
Diverging
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


17. How can total momentum be calculated?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Entropy always increases.


18. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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19. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Convex
(mg)sin(angle)


20. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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21. What is the energy of a photon?

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22. What are the three types of radiation?
No image.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The volume under water
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


23. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Impulse is (force)(time)
Concave
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Work done 'BY' the gas.


24. Define reflection
Concave
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
The bouncing of light


25. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


26. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
When a body's speed is changing.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


27. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
A1v1=a2v2
m=(rho)V
V=kq/R


28. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Diverging
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Pascal


29. S.I. unit of magnetism
Tesla
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


30. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Concave
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


31. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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32. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
No image.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


33. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
When it is on the same side as the image?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Gamma
Something other than zero.


34. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
(rho)gh
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


35. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
N•m
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


36. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
P=IV
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


37. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
KE = (3/2)kT
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


38. What is mass energy equivalence?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
(mg)sin(angle)
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


39. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The electron


40. How length effect resistance?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
N/C


41. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Something other than zero.
Impulse is the change in momentum


42. What is heat?
The nucleus
The transfer of thermal energy
Weber
Work done 'BY' the gas.


43. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Convex
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


44. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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45. S.I. unit of centripetal force
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Newton


46. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


47. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
kg•m/s
The CHANGE in velocity.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


48. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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49. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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50. S.I. Unit of electric force
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Newton
F=qE
Atmospheric pressure