AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Initial velocity
velocity
Newton


2. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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3. What did Thompson discover?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The electron


4. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
velocity
W=qV
Work


5. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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6. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The electron
W = KE:final - KE:initial
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The volume under water


7. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


8. What is the law of reflection?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Newton
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


9. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Convex
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


10. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


11. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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12. When is the image negative for a lens?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
When it is on the same side as the image?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


13. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
Concave
E=V/d
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


14. How length effect resistance?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Open right hand rule


15. Flow Rate
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
(rho)gh


16. S.I. unit of power
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Impulse
Watt
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


17. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Vertical direction
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


18. What is impulse?
Impulse is the change in momentum
No image.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


19. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Initial velocity
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


20. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Convex
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
KE=Work


21. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
P=IV


22. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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23. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
How quickly you change velocity.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
kg•m/s


24. What does light emission involve?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


25. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
V=kq/R


26. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Entropy always increases.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
PV=nRT and PV=kT


27. What two entities comprise a vector?
E=V/d
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Magnitude and direction
The CHANGE in velocity.


28. S.I. unit of Flow rate
m^3/s
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


29. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Torque
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


30. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The volume under water
V=kq/R


31. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Newton
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


32. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


33. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
PV=nRT and PV=kT


34. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Joule
Something other than zero.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


35. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Moment arm


36. What is force times time?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Impulse
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


37. S.I. Unit of electric force
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Newton
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


38. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


39. What shapes are converging lenses?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Zero.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


40. What comprises alpha radiation?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Joule
Gamma


41. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The CHANGE in velocity.


42. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
KE=Work
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


43. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


44. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Vertical direction
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


45. What is the photoelectric effect?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


46. What is half life?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Work


47. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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48. Define Refraction
The bending of light
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


49. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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50. Define mass in terms of density.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
m=(rho)V
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
m^3/s