AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is an adiabatic process?
Speed ups
Impulse is (force)(time)
(mg)sin(angle)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


2. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


3. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Diverging
E=V/d
Watt
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


4. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
When the body rests on a surface.


5. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Open right hand rule
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


6. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
N/C
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
KE = (3/2)kT
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


7. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Speed ups


8. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
The electron
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Newton
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.


9. What shape is a diverging mirror?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


10. Condition for no rotation
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Sum of the torques equal zero.


11. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Work
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The charge on each capacitor.


12. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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13. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
P=IV
Atmospheric pressure
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
In front of the mirror - in the light.


14. What is the area under any PV curve?

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15. What is the photoelectric effect?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The motion of the molecules in gas.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
P=IV


16. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
V=kq/R


17. How are velocity and speed different?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Magnitude and direction
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


18. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
m=(rho)V


19. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
The light travels through the image.
E=V/d
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


20. What comprises beta radiation?
Joule
The charge on each capacitor.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


21. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
The charge on each capacitor.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


22. S.I. unit of flux
Weber
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


23. S.I. unit of momentum
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Joule
Impulse
kg•m/s


24. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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25. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
The motion of the molecules in gas.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


26. What two entities comprise a vector?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
No image.
Magnitude and direction
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


27. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
Convex
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Tesla
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


28. What is heat?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The transfer of thermal energy
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


29. What does light emission involve?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Weight ...w=mg
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


30. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
How quickly you change velocity.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


31. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The light travels through the image.
(rho)gh
F=qE
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


32. What makes an image 'real?'
No image.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
The light travels through the image.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


33. Energy of a SINGLE photon
The light travels through the image.
E=hf
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


34. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Something other than zero.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Weber


35. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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36. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Moment arm
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Weber
The motion of the molecules in gas.


37. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Work
The nucleus
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Force= Pressure/Area


38. What is temperature?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
ZERO
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


39. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
In front of the mirror - in the light.


40. S.I. unit of magnetism
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Zero.
Tesla


41. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
When the body rests on a surface.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Torque


42. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


43. S.I. unit of torque
N•m
Joule
Open right hand rule
(mg)sin(angle)


44. What is half life?
Concave
Speed ups
The volume under water
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


45. What did Rutherford discover?
The nucleus
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Weber
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.


46. What comprises gamma decay?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The charge on each capacitor.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


47. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Entropy always increases.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


48. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The nucleus
Convex
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


49. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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50. What is electromagnetic induction?
N/C
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt