AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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2. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
When it is on the same side as the image?


3. What is the area under any PV curve?

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4. What is the binding energy?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Convex


5. What shape is a converging mirrors?
E=V/d
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Concave
F=qE


6. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Weight ...w=mg
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
(rho)gh


7. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Joule
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
V=kq/R


8. S.I. unit of momentum
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Impulse is (force)(time)
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
kg•m/s


9. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
(rho)gh
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


10. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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11. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The volume under water
E=V/d
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Joule


12. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Initial velocity
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Watt


13. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
W=qV
Open right hand rule
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


14. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
The transfer of thermal energy
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
V=kq/R


15. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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16. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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17. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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18. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The electric field forces charges to move.


19. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The graph of force vs displacement
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


20. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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21. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


22. What is transmutation?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
(mg)sin(angle)


23. S.I. unit of flux
Weber
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
KE=Work


24. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Atmospheric pressure
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Something other than zero.


25. Unit of electric field
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
N/C
Newton
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


26. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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27. S.I. unit of Flow rate
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
m^3/s


28. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


29. What is heat?
The transfer of thermal energy
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


30. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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31. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
The electron
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Concave


32. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


33. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
kg•m/s
Joule
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


34. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


35. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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36. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
W=qV
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


37. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


38. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
F=kq1q2/R^2
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


39. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Entropy always increases.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


40. What is temperature?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
V=kq/R
m=(rho)V
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.


41. When is the image negative for a lens?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
KE=Work
When it is on the same side as the image?


42. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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43. What does light emission involve?
Pascal
The bending of light
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period


44. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
A1v1=a2v2
Magnitude and direction
The CHANGE in velocity.


45. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
Impulse
Gamma
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Something other than zero.


46. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
Tesla
Zero.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


47. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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48. Condition for no rotation
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Sum of the torques equal zero.


49. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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50. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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