AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What comprises beta radiation?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The transfer of thermal energy
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


2. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
The volume under water
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


3. What is electromagnetic induction?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


4. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


5. S.I. unit of pressure
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Pascal
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


6. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Moment arm
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


7. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
The volume under water


8. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
E=V/d
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Convex


9. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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10. S.I. unit of magnetism
Tesla
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


11. What makes an image 'real?'
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Tesla
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The light travels through the image.


12. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v


13. Define reflection
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Joule
m=(rho)V
The bouncing of light


14. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


15. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


16. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
F=qE
E=hf
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


17. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
velocity
KE = (3/2)kT


18. What happens at the critical angle?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
W = KE:final - KE:initial
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


19. Continuity equation
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
A1v1=a2v2
The bending of light
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.


20. S.I. unit of frictional force
Newton
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


21. S.I. unit of momentum
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
kg•m/s


22. S.I. unit of Flow rate
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
m^3/s
Convex


23. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
P=IV
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


24. What is Huygen's Principle?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


25. Condition for no rotation
The bouncing of light
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Something other than zero.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


26. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


27. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Convex
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.


28. What does the term potential difference mean?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Diverging
kg•m/s


29. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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30. Unit of energy for electricity.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
No image.


31. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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32. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


33. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
KE = (3/2)kT


34. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.


35. What is an isotope?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


36. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
When the body rests on a surface.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


37. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
Weber
Newton
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Zero.


38. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
E=kq/R^2
Convex
Weber


39. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


40. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
E=V/d
In front of the mirror - in the light.
When the body rests on a surface.


41. What forces charges to move?
The electric field forces charges to move.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
(mg)sin(angle)
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


42. What is the energy of a photon?

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43. How does impulse relate to force?
Impulse is (force)(time)
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The body is moving at a constant velocity
E=V/d


44. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


45. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


46. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Convex
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


47. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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48. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Open right hand rule
(rho)gh
The transfer of thermal energy
When a body's speed is changing.


49. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The velocity is positive
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


50. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
ZERO
Torque
The nucleus