AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Condition for no rotation
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
A1v1=a2v2
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Sum of the torques equal zero.


2. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The velocity is positive
Work done 'BY' the gas.


3. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
Work
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Concave
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


4. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
kg•m/s
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


5. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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6. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Alpha
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Displacement


7. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
W = KE:final - KE:initial


8. How does impulse relate to force?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Impulse is (force)(time)
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


9. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


10. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
When the body rests on a surface.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


11. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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12. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Tesla
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


13. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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14. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The velocity is positive


15. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Alpha
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


16. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Concave
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


17. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


18. Buoyancy
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


19. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The CHANGE in velocity.
E=kq/R^2
The nucleus
When the body rests on a surface.


20. What is the law of reflection?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


21. What is force times time?
F=kq1q2/R^2
(rho)gh
Impulse
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


22. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


23. What did Rutherford discover?
Alpha
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Magnitude and direction
The nucleus


24. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The electron
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


25. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
Magnitude and direction
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
W=qV
Newton


26. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
P=IV
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


27. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Pascal
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)


28. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


29. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Joule


30. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
A change in the gas' temperature.


31. Gauge Pressure

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32. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
kg•m/s
When the body rests on a surface.


33. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
velocity
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


34. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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35. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


36. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


37. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The volume under water


38. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
E=hf
The bending of light
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


39. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
No image.
When the body rests on a surface.
The light travels through the image.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


40. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
E=V/d
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)


41. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
F=qE
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.


42. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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43. What shape is a diverging mirror?
Concave
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Concave
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


44. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Newton
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


45. S.I. unit of Flow rate
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
E=V/d
m^3/s
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


46. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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47. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Initial velocity


48. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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49. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


50. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Newton
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.