AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is an adiabatic process?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The light travels through the image.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


2. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Tesla
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Concave
Something other than zero.


3. When is the image negative for a lens?
The velocity is positive
When it is on the same side as the image?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


4. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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5. How does thickness effect resistance?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


6. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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7. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


8. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Speed ups
Tesla
The bending of light
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


9. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


10. What did Rutherford discover?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The nucleus


11. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Diverging
Gamma
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.


12. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
V=kq/R
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Atmospheric pressure
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


13. S.I. unit of magnetism
Weber
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Tesla
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


14. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
No image.
PV=nRT and PV=kT


15. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
ZERO
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


16. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
Entropy always increases.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
KE=Work
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


17. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Displacement


18. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Newton
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The charge on each capacitor.


19. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Weight ...w=mg
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


20. What do batteries and generators produce?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
V=kq/R
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


21. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


22. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
KE = (3/2)kT
The nucleus
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


23. What is impulse?
Impulse is the change in momentum
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


24. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Weight ...w=mg
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Entropy always increases.
Impulse is (force)(time)


25. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
F=qE
W=qV


26. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
When a body's speed is changing.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Concave


27. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
Moment arm
Weber
Speed ups
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


28. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
The graph of force vs displacement
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


29. What shape is a converging mirrors?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
A1v1=a2v2
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


30. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Atmospheric pressure
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


31. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The transfer of thermal energy
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


32. S.I. Unit of electric force
Newton
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Joule


33. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
Newton
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
E=kq/R^2


34. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
W=qV
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


35. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The CHANGE in velocity.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Entropy always increases.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


36. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Zero.


37. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


38. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


39. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The transfer of thermal energy


40. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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41. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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42. Define Refraction
The nucleus
Pascal
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The bending of light


43. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
E=kq/R^2
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


44. S.I. unit of flux
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Weber
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


45. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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46. Force in terms of pressure
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Force= Pressure/Area


47. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
Initial velocity
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
P=IV
KE = (3/2)kT


48. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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49. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


50. S.I. unit of centripetal force
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
The electric field forces charges to move.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Newton