AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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2. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


3. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Pascal
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
kg•m/s
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.


4. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
kg•m/s
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


5. S.I. unit of momentum
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
kg•m/s


6. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
When a body's speed is changing.
Newton
Magnitude and direction


7. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf


8. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Vertical direction


9. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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10. What is an isotope?
Impulse
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
When it is on the same side as the image?


11. S.I. unit of Flow rate
When it is on the same side as the image?
m^3/s
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Impulse is (force)(time)


12. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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13. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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14. S.I. Unit of electric force
Newton
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The transfer of thermal energy


15. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
(mg)sin(angle)
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


16. What is the photoelectric effect?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.


17. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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18. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
E=kq/R^2
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


19. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


20. How does impulse relate to force?
Impulse is (force)(time)
The volume under water
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The CHANGE in velocity.


21. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Joule
Gamma
Newton


22. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Gamma
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


23. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Magnitude and direction
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


24. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
Zero.
The volume under water
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Alpha


25. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


26. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


27. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
m^3/s
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


28. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Torque
Pascal


29. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


30. What is mass energy equivalence?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.


31. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


32. What is impulse?
E=kq/R^2
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Impulse is the change in momentum


33. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Moment arm
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Entropy always increases.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


34. Flow Rate
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


35. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
F=kq1q2/R^2
Newton
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


36. Gauge Pressure

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37. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
Convex
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


38. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Gamma
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Open right hand rule


39. What is acceleration?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
A1v1=a2v2
m=(rho)V
How quickly you change velocity.


40. Define mass in terms of density.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
m=(rho)V
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.


41. Condition for no rotation
Sum of the torques equal zero.
The nucleus
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


42. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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43. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
Zero.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
F=qE
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


44. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Joule
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Atmospheric pressure


45. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
W=qV
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


46. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The electron
Displacement
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


47. What shape is a diverging mirror?
m=(rho)V
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


48. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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49. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
ZERO
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


50. What is transmutation?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
KE = (3/2)kT
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.