AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Entropy always increases.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Open right hand rule


2. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Force= Pressure/Area


3. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
ZERO
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


4. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Zero.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


5. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The transfer of thermal energy
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


6. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
E=V/d
The electron
Joule


7. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


8. Continuity equation
A1v1=a2v2
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
ZERO


9. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The volume under water


10. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Convex
Initial velocity


11. How length effect resistance?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


12. What is impulse?
Watt
KE=Work
Impulse is the change in momentum
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


13. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The charge on each capacitor.
E=V/d
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


14. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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15. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Joule
In front of the mirror - in the light.


16. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Atmospheric pressure
F=qE


17. What are the three types of radiation?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


18. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Newton
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


19. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
Convex
P=IV
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


20. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Newton


21. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
The electric field forces charges to move.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


22. Force in terms of pressure
Newton
Weber
The graph of force vs displacement
Force= Pressure/Area


23. Unit of energy for electricity.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The bouncing of light
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


24. What is an adiabatic process?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Newton
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


25. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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26. How does thickness effect resistance?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Newton
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


27. What is mass energy equivalence?
When a body's speed is changing.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Displacement
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period


28. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
F=kq1q2/R^2
In front of the mirror - in the light.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


29. What comprises beta radiation?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Entropy always increases.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v


30. What is the law of reflection?
E=kq/R^2
Joule
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


31. What is the area under any PV curve?

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32. S.I. unit of power
Watt
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


33. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


34. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
(mg)sin(angle)
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Atmospheric pressure
Impulse is (force)(time)


35. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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36. What is internal energy?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
The motion of the molecules in gas.


37. How can total momentum be calculated?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Zero.


38. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
W=qV
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The graph of force vs displacement


39. What is force times time?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The transfer of thermal energy
Impulse
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


40. S.I. unit of torque
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
N•m
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


41. What is electromagnetic induction?
Alpha
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.


42. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Speed ups
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


43. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


44. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
P=IV
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


45. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
E=kq/R^2
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


46. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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47. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
kg•m/s
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


48. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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49. Energy of a SINGLE photon
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
E=hf
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


50. What happens at the critical angle?
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.