AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


2. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
The nucleus
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


3. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
KE=Work
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


4. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Weight ...w=mg
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


5. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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6. What is heat?
The transfer of thermal energy
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The graph of force vs displacement


7. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


8. Define mass in terms of density.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
m=(rho)V
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Impulse is (force)(time)


9. What is internal energy?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
E=kq/R^2
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The motion of the molecules in gas.


10. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
F=kq1q2/R^2
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


11. Buoyancy
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


12. Work is the area under which curve?
The graph of force vs displacement
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


13. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
F=kq1q2/R^2


14. How does thickness effect resistance?
Something other than zero.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


15. S.I. unit of frictional force
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The nucleus
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Newton


16. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
KE=Work
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Joule


17. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
No image.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


18. What is the photoelectric effect?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Atmospheric pressure
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
The light travels through the image.


19. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
The CHANGE in velocity.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


20. What shape is a diverging mirror?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Joule
The light travels through the image.


21. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Vertical direction
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


22. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
F=qE
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
N/C


23. Unit of energy for electricity.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
No image.
V - a Joule/Coulomb


24. How can total momentum be calculated?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
N•m
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


25. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


26. What is mass energy equivalence?
Magnitude and direction
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.


27. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


28. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Pascal
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.


29. What is half life?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Torque
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


30. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Initial velocity
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
(mg)sin(angle)
Entropy always increases.


31. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
No image.
Convex
PV=nRT and PV=kT
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


32. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
When the body rests on a surface.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


33. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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34. How does temperature effect resistance?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
KE = (3/2)kT
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


35. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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36. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


37. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
Convex
ZERO
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
E=kq/R^2


38. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


39. What is the area under any PV curve?

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40. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


41. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
The graph of force vs displacement
W=qV
When a body's speed is changing.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


42. What is the energy of a photon?

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43. Unit of electric field
Zero.
(rho)gh
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
N/C


44. What is temperature?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


45. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
V=kq/R
F=kq1q2/R^2
P=IV
Entropy always increases.


46. S.I. unit of work
Joule
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
N/C


47. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
ZERO
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Joule


48. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Atmospheric pressure
(rho)gh
Displacement
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


49. What causes resistance?
Gamma
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Joule


50. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
KE=Work
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Convex