AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the photoelectric effect?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


2. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
The light travels through the image.
The graph of force vs displacement
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


3. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Zero.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


4. S.I. unit of gravitational force
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Newton


5. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
m=(rho)V
(mg)sin(angle)
The bouncing of light
Watt


6. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


7. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
E=kq/R^2
P=IV
The CHANGE in velocity.
Convex


8. What is the binding energy?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
The electron
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


9. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
(mg)sin(angle)
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


10. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Joule
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Sum of the torques equal zero.


11. How can total momentum be calculated?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


12. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
Alpha
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.


13. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


14. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The volume under water
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


15. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Open right hand rule
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


16. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Concave
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


17. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
F=qE
E=hf


18. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


19. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Newton
Atmospheric pressure
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


20. What is an isotope?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


21. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
How quickly you change velocity.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Speed ups
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


22. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Impulse is the change in momentum
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
F=kq1q2/R^2


23. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Torque
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


24. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.


25. S.I. Unit of electric force
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
N/C
Newton
Concave


26. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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27. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The transfer of thermal energy
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


28. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Impulse is the change in momentum
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Displacement


29. How length effect resistance?
Convex
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


30. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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31. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Impulse is (force)(time)
Gamma
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


32. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Tesla
When a body's speed is changing.
Torque


33. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
(rho)gh
Vertical direction
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


34. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Speed ups


35. How does temperature effect resistance?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


36. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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37. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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38. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


39. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
V=kq/R
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


40. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.


41. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Moment arm
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


42. What happens at the critical angle?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


43. What is Huygen's Principle?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


44. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
N•m
Zero.
Pascal


45. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Pascal
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


46. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.


47. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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48. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
N•m
KE=Work


49. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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50. What comprises beta radiation?
Joule
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
V=kq/R