AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Weight ...w=mg
The graph of force vs displacement
KE = (3/2)kT


2. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


3. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
Newton
Newton
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period


4. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
m=(rho)V
Zero.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Concave


5. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Watt
PV=nRT and PV=kT
P=IV


6. What does the term potential difference mean?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
A1v1=a2v2
Tesla


7. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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8. What makes an image 'real?'
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Newton
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
The light travels through the image.


9. What causes resistance?
The volume under water
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


10. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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11. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Open right hand rule
W = KE:final - KE:initial


12. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
When it is on the same side as the image?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


13. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Alpha
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Weight ...w=mg


14. How does temperature effect resistance?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The bouncing of light
The velocity is positive
Speed ups


15. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Vertical direction
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


16. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
N•m
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Moment arm


17. What comprises alpha radiation?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The CHANGE in velocity.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


18. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
When it is on the same side as the image?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The volume under water
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


19. Define Refraction
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The bending of light
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


20. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Diverging
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


21. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Alpha
V=kq/R


22. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
Impulse
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
The charge on each capacitor.


23. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
F=qE
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


24. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Newton
The electric field forces charges to move.


25. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
kg•m/s
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


26. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Newton
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


27. What did Rutherford discover?
The nucleus
Joule
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


28. What is an isotope?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Vertical direction
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


29. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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30. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Concave
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


31. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
F=kq1q2/R^2
Alpha


32. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
V=kq/R
KE=Work


33. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Open right hand rule


34. S.I. unit of momentum
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
kg•m/s
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Zero.


35. What did Thompson discover?
The electron
Magnitude and direction
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


36. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
N/C


37. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
PV=nRT and PV=kT


38. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Concave
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


39. How are velocity and speed different?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
No image.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


40. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
N•m
Something other than zero.


41. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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42. Gauge Pressure

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43. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Magnitude and direction
PV=nRT and PV=kT


44. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Speed ups
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
P=IV
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


45. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
The bending of light
W=qV
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


46. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
(mg)sin(angle)
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


47. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
The nucleus
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


48. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
How quickly you change velocity.
velocity
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


49. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Impulse is (force)(time)
Convex


50. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2