AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. S.I. unit of pressure
KE = (3/2)kT
Force= Pressure/Area
Pascal
Alpha


2. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Diverging
Gamma


3. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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4. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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5. What causes resistance?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


6. What is the binding energy?
V=kq/R
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


7. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


8. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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9. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


10. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
Diverging
kg•m/s
E=kq/R^2
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


11. When is the image negative for a lens?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
When it is on the same side as the image?
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Work done 'BY' the gas.


12. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


13. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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14. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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15. What is heat?
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
The transfer of thermal energy
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


16. S.I. Unit of electric force
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Newton
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


17. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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18. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


19. What is mass energy equivalence?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
PV=nRT and PV=kT


20. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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21. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Zero.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


22. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Joule
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Speed ups


23. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
E=kq/R^2
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
KE=Work


24. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Convex
Displacement
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Moment arm


25. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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26. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


27. What is the law of reflection?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


28. What happens at the critical angle?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The graph of force vs displacement


29. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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30. What are the three types of radiation?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
E=V/d
Gamma
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


31. What is force times time?
Impulse
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


32. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Torque
N•m
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


33. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


34. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The light travels through the image.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


35. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
KE=Work
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
ZERO


36. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
The nucleus
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


37. What is the strong force?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


38. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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39. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Convex
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
KE = (3/2)kT


40. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
F=qE
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


41. S.I. unit of work
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Joule
The bending of light
Displacement


42. How can total momentum be calculated?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


43. S.I. unit of flux
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Weber
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.


44. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
The velocity is positive
Impulse
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


45. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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46. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Displacement
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


47. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


48. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
The CHANGE in velocity.


49. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
KE = (3/2)kT
(rho)gh
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.


50. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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