AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Define Snell's law.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


2. S.I. Unit of electric force
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Newton
Moment arm


3. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


4. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Atmospheric pressure
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


5. Define mass in terms of density.
m=(rho)V
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
KE=Work
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


6. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


7. Define diffraction
m^3/s
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Displacement
N/C


8. What is transmutation?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Magnitude and direction
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


9. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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10. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
E=V/d
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


11. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
The electric field forces charges to move.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


12. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The transfer of thermal energy


13. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
E=V/d
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Moment arm


14. S.I. unit of frictional force
Joule
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Newton


15. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
V=kq/R
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
F=qE


16. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
A1v1=a2v2
Gamma
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


17. What does light absorption involve?
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
velocity
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


18. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.


19. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


20. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Convex
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


21. What is heat?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The transfer of thermal energy
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


22. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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23. What is mass energy equivalence?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


24. What does light emission involve?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Work


25. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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26. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
Magnitude and direction
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


27. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Gamma
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The charge on each capacitor.


28. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
kg•m/s
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.


29. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Torque
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


30. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Displacement
F=kq1q2/R^2
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


31. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


32. Gauge Pressure

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33. What is electromagnetic induction?
Moment arm
When a body's speed is changing.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Diverging


34. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
Initial velocity
V=kq/R
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


35. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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36. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Vertical direction
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
P=IV


37. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
V - a Joule/Coulomb
When the body rests on a surface.


38. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


39. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
ZERO
m^3/s
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
The transfer of thermal energy


40. What is impulse?
Impulse is the change in momentum
Speed ups
Something other than zero.
P=IV


41. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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42. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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43. What is temperature?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
V=kq/R
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


44. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
Magnitude and direction
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
velocity
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


45. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Diverging
KE = (3/2)kT


46. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Pascal
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


47. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
F=qE
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Initial velocity


48. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Moment arm
The bouncing of light
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


49. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
E=kq/R^2
Joule
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


50. S.I. unit of torque
The bouncing of light
N•m
Force= Pressure/Area
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.