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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. S.I. unit of torque
N•m
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.

2. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Newton

3. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Impulse is (force)(time)
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.

4. S.I. unit of magnetism
Tesla
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Impulse
velocity

5. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
The bending of light
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial

6. What shapes are converging lenses?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Weight ...w=mg
(mg)sin(angle)

7. What is temperature?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Newton
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.

8. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
kg•m/s
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Convex
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.

9. What is force times time?
Impulse
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.

10. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
ZERO

11. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Joule
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The light travels through the image.

12. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

13. What is an adiabatic process?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)

14. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Alpha
Joule

15. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.

16. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

17. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Moment arm
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Sum of the torques equal zero.

18. Define Refraction
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The bending of light
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.

19. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.

20. How does temperature effect resistance?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The graph of force vs displacement
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt

21. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
E=hf
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.

22. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
A change in the gas' temperature.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)

23. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Open right hand rule

24. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
Vertical direction
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
KE = (3/2)kT
Zero.

25. S.I. unit of power
Watt
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
ZERO

26. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.

27. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

28. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.

29. What forces charges to move?
Magnitude and direction
Open right hand rule
The electric field forces charges to move.
Force= Pressure/Area

30. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
(rho)gh

31. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.

32. S.I. unit of momentum
kg•m/s
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Something other than zero.

33. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
velocity
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Weight ...w=mg
Atmospheric pressure

34. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Convex

35. Work is the area under which curve?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The graph of force vs displacement
Weight ...w=mg

36. What is the area under any PV curve?

37. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

38. S.I. unit of frictional force
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Newton
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.

39. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.

40. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Displacement
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)

41. What does light absorption involve?
Something other than zero.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

42. What does light emission involve?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
The charge on each capacitor.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.

43. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2

44. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

45. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

46. What is the law of reflection?
V=kq/R
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
KE=Work
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.

47. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

48. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
F=kq1q2/R^2

49. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

50. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.