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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Condition for no rotation
Sum of the torques equal zero.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Magnitude and direction
m^3/s

2. S.I. unit of magnetism
P=IV
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Tesla
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period

3. What comprises beta radiation?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Weber

4. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
No image.
V=kq/R
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.

5. Define mass in terms of density.
m=(rho)V
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.

6. What is impulse?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Alpha
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Impulse is the change in momentum

7. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Newton
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Convex

8. S.I. unit of centripetal force
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Newton
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.

9. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)

10. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.

11. S.I. Unit of electric force
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Newton
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.

12. Unit of electric field
W = KE:final - KE:initial
N/C
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Weber

13. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Alpha

14. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
The charge on each capacitor.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.

15. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
m=(rho)V
W = KE:final - KE:initial

16. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
V=kq/R

17. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
Torque
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
E=hf
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+

18. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
Work
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Moment arm
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.

19. How does temperature effect resistance?
The charge on each capacitor.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.

20. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
The light travels through the image.

21. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.

22. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
N•m
The graph of force vs displacement
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.

23. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

24. S.I. unit of flux
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Weber
The nucleus
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.

25. What did Rutherford discover?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The electron
The nucleus
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.

26. Under what conditions is heat positive?

27. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
F=kq1q2/R^2
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.

28. Gauge Pressure

29. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

30. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Joule
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Tesla
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.

31. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Concave
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
The CHANGE in velocity.
KE=Work

32. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.

33. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
Something other than zero.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Zero.
(rho)gh

34. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
The velocity is positive
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Alpha
Impulse is the change in momentum

35. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
E=hf
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.

36. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Open right hand rule
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Alpha

37. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Concave
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Sum of the torques equal zero.

38. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The volume under water
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
PV=nRT and PV=kT

39. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
The light travels through the image.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
(mg)sin(angle)
Concave

40. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Convex
Impulse is the change in momentum
Tesla

41. What causes radioactivity?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Vertical direction
Gamma
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.

42. S.I. unit of pressure
Pascal
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body

43. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
Joule
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.

44. How length effect resistance?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Joule
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.

45. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.

46. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Entropy always increases.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
N/C

47. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.

48. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.

49. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.

50. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.