AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
When the body rests on a surface.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


2. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Concave
ZERO


3. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The electron
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


4. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
N•m
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


5. How does impulse relate to force?
Impulse is (force)(time)
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
velocity


6. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
F=kq1q2/R^2
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


7. S.I. unit of centripetal force
Gamma
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Newton


8. What forces charges to move?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The electric field forces charges to move.


9. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
kg•m/s
E=hf
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


10. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Vertical direction
Displacement
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


11. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


12. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


13. Define reflection
The bouncing of light
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Tesla
V=kq/R


14. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
V=kq/R
The CHANGE in velocity.
kg•m/s
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


15. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The electric field forces charges to move.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Diverging


16. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


17. What is the strong force?
The velocity is positive
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Work done 'BY' the gas.


18. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Joule
No image.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.


19. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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20. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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21. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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22. Gauge Pressure

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23. What causes resistance?
Newton
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


24. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Weight ...w=mg
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


25. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Diverging
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Joule
Joule


26. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Work
Initial velocity


27. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


28. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Something other than zero.
W=qV


29. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
N•m
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


30. Define Refraction
The volume under water
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The bending of light


31. S.I. unit of momentum
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
V=kq/R
kg•m/s


32. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


33. What is the law of reflection?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


34. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.


35. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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36. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Magnitude and direction
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
F=qE


37. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
Impulse is the change in momentum
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
The volume under water


38. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


39. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Entropy always increases.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
F=kq1q2/R^2


40. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Newton
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


41. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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42. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Atmospheric pressure
Alpha
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


43. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
In front of the mirror - in the light.
ZERO


44. What do batteries and generators produce?
P=IV
A1v1=a2v2
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


45. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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46. Continuity equation
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
A1v1=a2v2
KE = (3/2)kT


47. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Convex
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Speed ups


48. What is heat?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
E=V/d
The transfer of thermal energy


49. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Work
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Zero.


50. Buoyancy
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.