AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The velocity is positive


2. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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3. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
No image.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
W=qV


4. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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5. Define Refraction
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Weber
Joule
The bending of light


6. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The bending of light
Joule
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


7. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


8. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
E=V/d
Work done 'BY' the gas.


9. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Moment arm
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


10. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Force= Pressure/Area
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Convex


11. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The volume under water
Gamma
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


12. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Vertical direction
V=kq/R
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


13. S.I. unit of flux
F=kq1q2/R^2
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Weber
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


14. Condition for no rotation
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
(mg)sin(angle)
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Sum of the torques equal zero.


15. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Joule
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


16. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
Impulse is the change in momentum
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


17. S.I. Unit of electric force
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Newton
When it is on the same side as the image?
Diverging


18. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


19. What is Huygen's Principle?
Work
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


20. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The velocity is positive
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.


21. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
Convex
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...


22. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
Zero.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
P=IV
N/C


23. S.I. unit of momentum
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
kg•m/s
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Moment arm


24. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Newton
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Entropy always increases.


25. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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26. Gauge Pressure

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27. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
When the body rests on a surface.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


28. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Gamma
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


29. Work is the area under which curve?
Weber
The graph of force vs displacement
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2


30. What comprises alpha radiation?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


31. How can total momentum be calculated?
m=(rho)V
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


32. Force in terms of pressure
Magnitude and direction
Newton
Force= Pressure/Area
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


33. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


34. S.I. unit of power
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Watt
In front of the mirror - in the light.


35. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
E=kq/R^2
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Concave


36. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Torque
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
kg•m/s


37. S.I. unit of pressure
Pascal
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


38. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


39. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Diverging
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Newton


40. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Zero.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


41. How does thickness effect resistance?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Newton


42. S.I. unit of Flow rate
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
m^3/s


43. When is the image negative for a lens?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Force= Pressure/Area
When it is on the same side as the image?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


44. Energy of a SINGLE photon
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Convex
E=hf


45. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


46. What is mass energy equivalence?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Open right hand rule
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


47. What did Rutherford discover?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The nucleus


48. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
The bouncing of light
Joule
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The electric field forces charges to move.


49. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Torque
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


50. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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