AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What causes radioactivity?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
N•m
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


2. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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3. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
A1v1=a2v2
KE = (3/2)kT


4. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Newton
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
ZERO
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


5. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
No image.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


6. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
The electron
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


7. What is an isotope?
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
F=kq1q2/R^2
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Ohm's Law: V=IR


8. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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9. Buoyancy
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
(rho)gh
When a body's speed is changing.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


10. What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
How quickly you change velocity.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


11. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
E=kq/R^2
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
(mg)sin(angle)


12. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Impulse is the change in momentum
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


13. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Magnitude and direction
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


14. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Speed ups
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Joule


15. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Gamma


16. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
E=V/d
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


17. S.I. unit of magnetism
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Newton
Tesla


18. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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19. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
F=qE
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


20. What is heat?
Zero.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The transfer of thermal energy


21. What comprises gamma decay?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


22. What is the energy of a photon?

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23. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
When a body's speed is changing.
ZERO
Speed ups
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


24. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Open right hand rule
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


25. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
F=qE
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


26. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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27. Flow Rate
Newton
kg•m/s
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


28. When is the image negative for a lens?
When it is on the same side as the image?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The transfer of thermal energy
When a body's speed is changing.


29. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


30. What does the term potential difference mean?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Impulse is the change in momentum
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


31. What is internal energy?
Weber
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
The motion of the molecules in gas.


32. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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33. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
P=IV
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


34. What did Thompson discover?
V=kq/R
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The electron
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


35. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


36. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


37. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Convex
Concave
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


38. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Impulse is (force)(time)
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


39. What comprises alpha radiation?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
(rho)gh


40. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
E=V/d
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
E=hf
Sum of the torques equal zero.


41. S.I. unit of pressure
Pascal
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Concave
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


42. Work is the area under which curve?
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The graph of force vs displacement


43. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
F=qE
Something other than zero.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


44. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
Impulse is (force)(time)
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Joule
Open right hand rule


45. Unit of energy for electricity.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
kg•m/s
The light travels through the image.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v


46. What is Huygen's Principle?
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Initial velocity
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


47. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Weight ...w=mg


48. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Pascal
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


49. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
Newton
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
velocity
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


50. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The light travels through the image.