AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


2. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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3. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Speed ups
m^3/s
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


4. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
(mg)sin(angle)
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Pascal


5. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


6. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
m^3/s
Newton
P=IV
Weber


7. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


8. What causes radioactivity?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Newton
W = KE:final - KE:initial


9. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


10. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
Torque
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Vertical direction


11. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
Concave
E=hf
The electric field forces charges to move.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


12. S.I. unit of flux
A1v1=a2v2
Weber
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


13. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
Entropy always increases.
The graph of force vs displacement
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
In front of the mirror - in the light.


14. What is temperature?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


15. What is the strong force?
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
The electron
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The bouncing of light


16. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Impulse is (force)(time)
The nucleus
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


17. What is force times time?
Impulse
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The volume under water


18. What is the energy of a photon?

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19. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The volume under water
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
F=qE


20. What does the term potential difference mean?
Pascal
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


21. What is the binding energy?
Magnitude and direction
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
A1v1=a2v2
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


22. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
How quickly you change velocity.
Displacement
Entropy always increases.


23. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Weight ...w=mg
Concave
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


24. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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25. What is the law of reflection?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
A change in the gas' temperature.


26. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
No image.
The light travels through the image.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


27. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Newton
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


28. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Gamma
F=qE
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


29. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Work
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v


30. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Pascal
The CHANGE in velocity.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


31. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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32. What is an isotope?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Moment arm
Vertical direction


33. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
W=qV


34. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


35. If you have two charges - and you double one charge and triple the other - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?

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36. How are velocity and speed different?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
V=kq/R
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


37. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Impulse is the change in momentum
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


38. Define Snell's law.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
E=V/d
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
F=kq1q2/R^2


39. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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40. What shape is a diverging mirror?
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)


41. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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42. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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43. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


44. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Gamma
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The bending of light


45. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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46. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
The transfer of thermal energy
Open right hand rule
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...


47. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
KE=Work
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


48. S.I. unit of torque
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
N•m
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)


49. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
Zero.
Tesla
The light travels through the image.
W = KE:final - KE:initial


50. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Joule
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.