AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What causes radioactivity?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


2. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
No image.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


3. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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4. What comprises gamma decay?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Something other than zero.
E=V/d
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


5. What forces charges to move?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
velocity
The electric field forces charges to move.


6. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The bouncing of light
Displacement
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


7. S.I. unit of Flow rate
m^3/s
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.


8. How does temperature effect resistance?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
V=kq/R
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
When the body rests on a surface.


9. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
Displacement
The bending of light
W = KE:final - KE:initial
P=IV


10. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


11. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Open right hand rule
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


12. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
V=kq/R
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Convex
Work


13. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)


14. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
KE = (3/2)kT
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
E=hf


15. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


16. What comprises alpha radiation?
Weber
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
In front of the mirror - in the light.


17. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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18. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


19. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
E=kq/R^2
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
ZERO
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


20. Work is the area under which curve?
E=hf
Convex
The graph of force vs displacement
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


21. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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22. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
How quickly you change velocity.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


23. What makes an image 'real?'
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The light travels through the image.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


24. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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25. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
m=(rho)V
Weight ...w=mg
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
kg•m/s


26. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
Initial velocity
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


27. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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28. What is electromagnetic induction?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


29. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Entropy always increases.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


30. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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31. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
Convex
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Impulse
The bouncing of light


32. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The graph of force vs displacement
Force= Pressure/Area
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


33. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
Joule
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The CHANGE in velocity.


34. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
A change in the gas' temperature.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Work
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


35. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


36. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Vertical direction
The bending of light


37. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
m=(rho)V


38. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Zero.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


39. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The charge on each capacitor.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


40. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Impulse is the change in momentum
Entropy always increases.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.


41. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The volume under water
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Vertical direction
Tesla


42. S.I. unit of pressure
A1v1=a2v2
Pascal
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


43. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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44. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The light travels through the image.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.


45. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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46. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
PV=nRT and PV=kT
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


47. What is acceleration?
How quickly you change velocity.
Magnitude and direction
A change in the gas' temperature.
When it is on the same side as the image?


48. What happens at the critical angle?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
When the body rests on a surface.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)


49. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
Impulse is (force)(time)
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The volume under water


50. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
KE = (3/2)kT
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.