AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What two entities comprise a vector?
Magnitude and direction
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


2. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


3. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
ZERO
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
V=kq/R


4. What is heat?
The transfer of thermal energy
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
E=V/d


5. What are the three types of radiation?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


6. Work is the area under which curve?
When a body's speed is changing.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Joule
The graph of force vs displacement


7. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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8. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Concave
Torque
When it is on the same side as the image?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.


9. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
kg•m/s
P=IV
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Magnitude and direction


10. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


11. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The volume under water
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.


12. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
KE = (3/2)kT


13. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Speed ups
Pascal
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


14. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
When a body's speed is changing.
The electric field forces charges to move.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The electron


15. What is an adiabatic process?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Something other than zero.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.


16. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
The charge on each capacitor.


17. S.I. unit of Flow rate
The volume under water
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
m^3/s
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


18. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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19. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
In front of the mirror - in the light.


20. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The charge on each capacitor.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.


21. What is the energy of a photon?

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22. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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23. Force in terms of pressure
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The velocity is positive
Force= Pressure/Area
The motion of the molecules in gas.


24. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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25. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Gamma
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


26. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
The bending of light


27. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


28. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)


29. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
No image.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.


30. S.I. Unit of electric force
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Newton


31. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The bending of light
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


32. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Diverging
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


33. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
V=kq/R
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Speed ups
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.


34. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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35. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Concave
F=qE
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


36. Flow Rate
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


37. Unit of energy for electricity.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


38. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
When the body rests on a surface.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


39. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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40. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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41. Energy of a SINGLE photon
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Pascal
E=hf
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.


42. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Entropy always increases.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Joule
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


43. What forces charges to move?
The electric field forces charges to move.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


44. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Joule
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


45. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
Torque
E=V/d
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


46. Define Refraction
Joule
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The bending of light
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


47. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.


48. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
(mg)sin(angle)
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


49. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Torque
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


50. S.I. unit of power
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Watt
N/C
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.