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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
Concave
When the body rests on a surface.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Alpha

2. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Weight ...w=mg
F=qE
Moment arm

3. What is Huygen's Principle?
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Displacement

4. S.I. unit of centripetal force
Newton
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
KE=Work

5. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
Work done 'BY' the gas.
When a body's speed is changing.
Something other than zero.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period

6. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The bending of light
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Convex

7. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

8. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
No image.
The volume under water
Impulse is the change in momentum
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.

9. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Atmospheric pressure
Initial velocity

10. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Concave
When it is on the same side as the image?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE

11. S.I. unit of magnetism
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Tesla

12. What is an adiabatic process?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Tesla
The velocity is positive

13. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
The bouncing of light
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings

14. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.

15. How can total momentum be calculated?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.

16. S.I. unit of flux
Joule
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Weber
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet

17. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.

18. What is temperature?
Vertical direction
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Joule

19. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
The electric field forces charges to move.

20. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.

21. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
The volume under water
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.

22. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

23. What shapes are converging lenses?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
velocity
Newton
No image.

24. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Impulse is (force)(time)
V=kq/R
Open right hand rule
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

25. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.

26. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
velocity
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.

27. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v

28. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
P=IV
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)

29. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)

30. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
N/C
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Joule

31. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.

32. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Moment arm
The electric field forces charges to move.

33. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Speed ups
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
The bouncing of light
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)

34. What shape is a converging mirrors?
A change in the gas' temperature.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Moment arm

35. What is impulse?
Impulse is the change in momentum
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
N/C

36. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Gamma

37. Define diffraction
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The transfer of thermal energy
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.

38. What is the law of reflection?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The light travels through the image.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Concave

39. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

40. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
When a body's speed is changing.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)

41. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Newton
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

42. What is force times time?
Impulse
velocity
Work done 'BY' the gas.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.

43. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
N•m
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.

44. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
m=(rho)V
Tesla
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)

45. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
Impulse
No image.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The volume under water

46. What kind of mirror has a positive focus?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Concave
KE=Work
V=kq/R

47. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Initial velocity
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
(mg)sin(angle)

48. What happens at the critical angle?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.

49. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.

50. What is the strong force?
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.