AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is transmutation?
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The bending of light
When it is on the same side as the image?


2. What forces charges to move?
The volume under water
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
The electric field forces charges to move.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.


3. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
Newton
Something other than zero.
Atmospheric pressure
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


4. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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5. What does light emission involve?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
The CHANGE in velocity.
Initial velocity
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


6. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
kg•m/s
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


7. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Open right hand rule


8. Define reflection
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The bouncing of light
F=kq1q2/R^2


9. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
Weight ...w=mg
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


10. Unit of electric field
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
N/C
Gamma
When a body's speed is changing.


11. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
ZERO
The body is moving at a constant velocity
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Zero.


12. S.I. unit of work
Joule
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The volume under water
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


13. S.I. unit of power
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Watt


14. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Diverging
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


15. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)


16. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
Moment arm
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The light travels through the image.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


17. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Atmospheric pressure
Weber
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
P=IV


18. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
N•m
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


19. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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20. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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21. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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22. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
When the body rests on a surface.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
E=hf


23. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
E=V/d
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...


24. Define diffraction
Joule
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
W=qV


25. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


26. What is electromagnetic induction?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


27. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Watt
When the body rests on a surface.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


28. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The electron


29. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Newton
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


30. Force in terms of pressure
Force= Pressure/Area
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Entropy always increases.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.


31. What is force times time?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Impulse
Convex


32. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The CHANGE in velocity.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Force= Pressure/Area
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


33. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)


34. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
Joule
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
E=kq/R^2
Something other than zero.


35. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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36. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Newton
Force= Pressure/Area


37. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The charge on each capacitor.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


38. Flow Rate
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
N/C
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


39. What shape is a converging mirrors?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


40. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
A1v1=a2v2
F=kq1q2/R^2
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Gamma


41. What is the photoelectric effect?
Weber
Something other than zero.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


42. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
F=qE
Tesla
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
The transfer of thermal energy


43. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Sum of the torques equal zero.


44. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Displacement
Initial velocity
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
No image.


45. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Speed ups
PV=nRT and PV=kT


46. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
The velocity is positive
Watt
Newton
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


47. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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48. What is temperature?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


49. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


50. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.