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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
velocity
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
P=IV
The bending of light

2. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

3. What shape is a converging mirrors?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The CHANGE in velocity.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.

4. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.

5. Unit of electric field
N/C
The body is moving at a constant velocity
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
The charge on each capacitor.

6. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

7. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
PV=nRT and PV=kT

8. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.

9. Buoyancy
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Work done 'BY' the gas.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.

10. How length effect resistance?
Newton
A1v1=a2v2
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.

11. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Concave

12. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Diverging
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Alpha
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.

13. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Joule
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Convex

14. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
How quickly you change velocity.
E=V/d
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)

15. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

16. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
The graph of force vs displacement
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.

17. What is heat?
Impulse is the change in momentum
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
The transfer of thermal energy
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.

18. S.I. unit of power
The electron
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Watt
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+

19. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The charge on each capacitor.
The volume under water
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
A change in the gas' temperature.

20. What shapes are converging lenses?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
A1v1=a2v2
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.

21. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
The graph of force vs displacement
Gamma
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t

22. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
The volume under water

23. What did Rutherford discover?
The nucleus
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.

24. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Gamma
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.

25. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
Open right hand rule
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Torque
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma

26. What is transmutation?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
F=qE
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Open right hand rule

27. Unit of energy for electricity.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
V - a Joule/Coulomb

28. Under what conditions is heat positive?

29. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Tesla
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
ZERO
F=kq1q2/R^2

30. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
How quickly you change velocity.

31. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Impulse is the change in momentum
E=V/d
(rho)gh
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

32. S.I. unit of flux
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Impulse
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Weber

33. When is the image negative for a lens?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
When it is on the same side as the image?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.

34. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period

35. S.I. unit of torque
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Tesla
N•m

36. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Weight ...w=mg
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.

37. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
ZERO
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Alpha

38. How are velocity and speed different?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Force= Pressure/Area
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.

39. What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
The light travels through the image.
V=kq/R
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.

40. Define Refraction
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Vertical direction
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The bending of light

41. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The bouncing of light
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings

42. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
The bending of light
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Magnitude and direction
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf

43. S.I. unit of Flow rate
Watt
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
E=hf
m^3/s

44. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Weber
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)

45. What comprises alpha radiation?
The graph of force vs displacement
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.

46. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Moment arm

47. Define Snell's law.
The bouncing of light
Convex
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)

48. What is internal energy?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.

49. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
KE = (3/2)kT
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
m^3/s

50. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Diverging
Entropy always increases.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.