AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
The transfer of thermal energy
Weber


2. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


3. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


4. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


5. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
P=IV
Alpha
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


6. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
The electric field forces charges to move.
N•m


7. What is the binding energy?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
PV=nRT and PV=kT


8. How does temperature effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


9. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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10. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
N/C
The charge on each capacitor.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


11. What comprises beta radiation?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Tesla
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


12. What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Work
Newton
Moment arm


13. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Alpha
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Newton


14. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


15. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
The electric field forces charges to move.
m^3/s
Newton
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


16. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
ZERO
E=V/d
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


17. Define diffraction
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


18. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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19. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
(rho)gh
F=qE
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.


20. Continuity equation
Zero.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
A1v1=a2v2


21. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Vertical direction
Convex
Concave


22. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Torque
Watt
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Convex


23. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


24. How does impulse relate to force?
Magnitude and direction
Initial velocity
Impulse is (force)(time)
No image.


25. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Newton
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Impulse is the change in momentum
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


26. Energy of a SINGLE photon
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
E=hf


27. S.I. unit of pressure
Newton
Pascal
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Moment arm


28. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Joule
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


29. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Newton


30. What is force times time?
Convex
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
The volume under water
Impulse


31. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


32. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


33. Buoyancy
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
ZERO
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


34. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The electron
The volume under water
Concave
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.


35. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
The volume under water
P=IV
Newton
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


36. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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37. Condition for no rotation
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Displacement
velocity


38. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The velocity is positive
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Force= Pressure/Area


39. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
No image.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.


40. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
A1v1=a2v2
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Joule


41. What causes radioactivity?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The electric field forces charges to move.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.


42. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Vertical direction
When the body rests on a surface.
F=kq1q2/R^2
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


43. S.I. unit of frictional force
The CHANGE in velocity.
F=kq1q2/R^2
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Newton


44. What does light absorption involve?
Joule
The charge on each capacitor.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


45. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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46. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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47. What is impulse?
Impulse is the change in momentum
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
E=kq/R^2
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


48. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
KE = (3/2)kT
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
E=V/d


49. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
E=V/d
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


50. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Force= Pressure/Area
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
E=V/d