AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


2. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Newton
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Initial velocity


3. What did Rutherford discover?
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Tesla
The nucleus


4. S.I. unit of flux
Weber
In front of the mirror - in the light.
m=(rho)V
Joule


5. Force in terms of pressure
(mg)sin(angle)
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Force= Pressure/Area
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


6. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


7. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Joule
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


8. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

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9. Unit of electric field
The CHANGE in velocity.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
No image.
N/C


10. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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11. Continuity equation
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Joule
A1v1=a2v2


12. S.I. unit of centripetal force
The CHANGE in velocity.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
E=hf
Newton


13. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
(mg)sin(angle)
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.


14. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


15. What shape is a converging mirrors?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Moment arm
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
(mg)sin(angle)


16. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
velocity
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.


17. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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18. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.


19. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Work


20. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Initial velocity
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


21. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Gamma
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


22. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
Newton
Speed ups
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.


23. What is an adiabatic process?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
When the body rests on a surface.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.


24. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
V=kq/R
Work
Impulse


25. What two entities comprise a vector?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Magnitude and direction
The graph of force vs displacement


26. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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27. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Impulse is (force)(time)
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB


28. What is heat?
The transfer of thermal energy
W = KE:final - KE:initial
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


29. S.I. unit of frictional force
N/C
Newton
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


30. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Atmospheric pressure
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.


31. What are the three types of radiation?
When it is on the same side as the image?
When the body rests on a surface.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


32. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
F=qE
Something other than zero.


33. How are velocity and speed different?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
Pascal
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


34. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
ZERO
N/C
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.


35. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
When a body's speed is changing.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Displacement


36. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
How quickly you change velocity.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


37. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
No image.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Vertical direction
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


38. S.I. Unit of electric force
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Newton
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


39. What forces charges to move?
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The electric field forces charges to move.
The bouncing of light


40. Flow Rate
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.


41. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Speed ups
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Torque


42. What is acceleration?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
How quickly you change velocity.


43. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
E=hf
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
How quickly you change velocity.


44. What is transmutation?
Newton
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
F=qE


45. What shape is a diverging lenses?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Impulse is the change in momentum
E=hf
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


46. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The volume under water
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


47. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

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48. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
N•m
Gamma
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
A change in the gas' temperature.


49. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


50. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Torque
The electric field forces charges to move.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Something other than zero.