AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

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2. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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3. Define Snell's law.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


4. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
Alpha
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


5. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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6. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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7. S.I. unit of work
Joule
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Newton
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


8. What is an isotope?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Joule
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


9. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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10. What comprises alpha radiation?
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


11. Define diffraction
Weight ...w=mg
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


12. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
Newton
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
m^3/s
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


13. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
V=kq/R
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Concave


14. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Moment arm
The charge on each capacitor.
Weight ...w=mg


15. Condition for no rotation
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The velocity is positive
Sum of the torques equal zero.


16. Continuity equation
Ohm's Law: V=IR
A1v1=a2v2
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


17. S.I. unit of momentum
kg•m/s
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


18. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


19. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

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20. What is mass energy equivalence?
Newton
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.


21. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
The nucleus
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


22. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Diverging
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


23. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Convex


24. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


25. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Impulse
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The body is moving at a constant velocity


26. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
Speed ups
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


27. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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28. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
V=kq/R
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


29. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


30. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
When the body rests on a surface.
Impulse


31. S.I. unit of Flow rate
(mg)sin(angle)
Tesla
Impulse is (force)(time)
m^3/s


32. Flow Rate
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)


33. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
The light travels through the image.
Joule
N/C
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


34. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
W=qV
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
The CHANGE in velocity.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.


35. What quantity ADDS for resistors in series?
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
KE = (3/2)kT
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.


36. S.I. unit of power
Watt
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.


37. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.


38. Energy of a SINGLE photon
Concave
The light travels through the image.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
E=hf


39. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
A1v1=a2v2
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


40. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
F=kq1q2/R^2
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Entropy always increases.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


41. What is acceleration?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
How quickly you change velocity.
F=kq1q2/R^2
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.


42. Buoyancy
E=V/d
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Vertical direction


43. What does the term potential difference mean?
Weber
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


44. What did Rutherford discover?
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
The nucleus
Sum of the torques equal zero.
No image.


45. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.


46. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
ZERO
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


47. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
KE = (3/2)kT
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.


48. What is the strong force?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


49. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
E=V/d


50. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.