AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Convex
Convex


2. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Joule
Concave
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
The charge on each capacitor.


3. S.I. unit of magnetism
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Tesla


4. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Concave


5. What is transmutation?
Pascal
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


6. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Entropy always increases.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...


7. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Diverging
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Watt


8. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The velocity is positive
ZERO


9. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The graph of force vs displacement
Atmospheric pressure
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


10. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
When a body's speed is changing.
Displacement
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


11. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
Newton
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
F=qE


12. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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13. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


14. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Weight ...w=mg
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
(rho)gh


15. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


16. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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17. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

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18. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Convex
Concave
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)


19. What is Huygen's Principle?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Joule
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


20. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Newton
In front of the mirror - in the light.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


21. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Zero.
Pascal
E=kq/R^2


22. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
How quickly you change velocity.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
W = KE:final - KE:initial


23. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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24. Gauge Pressure

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25. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Magnitude and direction
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.


26. How does temperature effect resistance?
KE = (3/2)kT
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


27. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
Pascal
P=IV
Weight ...w=mg
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


28. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Concave
(rho)gh


29. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The nucleus
Work done 'BY' the gas.


30. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
E=hf
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.


31. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2


32. What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
KE=Work
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Entropy always increases.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


33. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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34. What is the photoelectric effect?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Moment arm


35. How are velocity and speed different?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Impulse


36. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
The charge on each capacitor.


37. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
PV=nRT and PV=kT
ZERO
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.


38. How length effect resistance?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
The electric field forces charges to move.


39. Condition for no rotation
When it is on the same side as the image?
The nucleus
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Sum of the torques equal zero.


40. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
When a body's speed is changing.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.


41. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
ZERO
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The velocity is positive
Gamma


42. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Concave
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


43. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

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44. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


45. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Torque
The volume under water
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


46. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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47. What shapes are converging lenses?
How quickly you change velocity.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


48. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The electric field forces charges to move.


49. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
Torque
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
E=V/d
W = KE:final - KE:initial


50. Buoyancy
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB