AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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2. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
How quickly you change velocity.
Work
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.


3. What comprises alpha radiation?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Joule


4. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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5. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The CHANGE in velocity.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.


6. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


7. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.


8. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
ZERO
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Displacement


9. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The electron


10. What shape is a diverging mirror?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
Diverging
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


11. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
F=kq1q2/R^2
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
Joule
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE


12. S.I. unit of work
Entropy always increases.
Joule
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Gamma


13. Flow Rate
Convex
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


14. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
m^3/s
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work done 'BY' the gas.


15. When is the image negative for a lens?
When it is on the same side as the image?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.


16. What does the term potential difference mean?
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


17. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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18. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Open right hand rule
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
The bending of light


19. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.


20. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Alpha
Torque
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)


21. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)


22. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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23. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Joule
Torque


24. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
F=kq1q2/R^2


25. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

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26. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
(rho)gh
Atmospheric pressure
Torque
velocity


27. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

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28. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Joule
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.


29. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.


30. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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31. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
Weight ...w=mg
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Pascal


32. Define mass in terms of density.
m=(rho)V
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Pascal
KE=Work


33. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
The CHANGE in velocity.
(mg)sin(angle)
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
F=kq1q2/R^2


34. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
When a body's speed is changing.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.


35. Unit of energy for electricity.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
The bouncing of light
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


36. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
Zero.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)


37. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)


38. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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39. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Joule
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.


40. What do batteries and generators produce?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
V=kq/R
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t


41. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
F=qE
E=kq/R^2


42. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Something other than zero.
A change in the gas' temperature.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.


43. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
kg•m/s
No image.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Diverging


44. S.I. unit of momentum
(rho)gh
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
kg•m/s


45. What causes radioactivity?
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


46. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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47. How are velocity and speed different?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Zero.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


48. S.I. unit of magnetism
The CHANGE in velocity.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
Tesla


49. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
P=IV
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
E=V/d


50. How length effect resistance?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
kg•m/s
N/C
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.