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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Condition for no rotation
Sum of the torques equal zero.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Joule

2. S.I. unit of frictional force
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Newton

3. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Impulse is (force)(time)
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body

4. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Joule
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
W=qV
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)

5. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
P=IV

6. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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7. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
V=kq/R
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)

8. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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9. Define diffraction
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.

10. S.I. unit of power
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Watt
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.

11. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Watt

12. S.I. Unit of electric force
Newton
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
When it is on the same side as the image?
V - a Joule/Coulomb

13. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
PV=nRT and PV=kT
The volume under water
F=kq1q2/R^2

14. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Speed ups
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet

15. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.

16. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
The charge on each capacitor.
Watt
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

17. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
m=(rho)V

18. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.

19. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.

20. What does light absorption involve?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Entropy always increases.
KE=Work

21. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
velocity
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
The bending of light

22. How does impulse relate to force?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Pascal
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Impulse is (force)(time)

23. What is heat?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
N•m
The transfer of thermal energy
Alpha

24. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
Something other than zero.
V=kq/R
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
E=V/d

25. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
ZERO
The graph of force vs displacement
V=kq/R
Tesla

26. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
KE=Work

27. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?
Impulse is the change in momentum
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Work

28. What is the binding energy?
Alpha
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Joule
Concave

29. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Entropy always increases.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.

30. Buoyancy
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Diverging

31. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
The charge on each capacitor.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.

32. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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33. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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34. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.

35. What is an isotope?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
m=(rho)V

36. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Entropy always increases.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2

37. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The velocity is positive
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)

38. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Vertical direction
The electric field forces charges to move.
Current stays the same for resistors in series.

39. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
When it is on the same side as the image?
m^3/s
The velocity is positive

40. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Concave
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
How quickly you change velocity.

41. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Sum of the torques equal zero.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Newton
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)

42. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Newton
F=kq1q2/R^2
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.

43. What comprises gamma decay?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
N/C
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.

44. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
Vertical direction
W=qV
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.

45. What is the strong force?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
THe force that holds the nucleus together.

46. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
Diverging
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
W = KE:final - KE:initial

47. What happens at the critical angle?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)

48. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period

49. Define Snell's law.
Weight ...w=mg
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.

50. Unit of electric field
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
N/C
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
W=qV