AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is temperature?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.


2. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Atmospheric pressure
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


3. What is force times time?
Impulse
Joule
Initial velocity
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.


4. Force in terms of pressure
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Force= Pressure/Area


5. Under what conditions is heat positive?

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6. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
E=hf
When a body's speed is changing.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


7. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.


8. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Weight ...w=mg
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


9. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
Torque
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)


10. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Work
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
W = KE:final - KE:initial


11. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
N•m
No image.


12. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The bouncing of light


13. Define mass in terms of density.
m=(rho)V
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.


14. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
The volume under water
Entropy always increases.
(mg)sin(angle)
Concave


15. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Entropy always increases.


16. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
When the body rests on a surface.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)


17. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Impulse is the change in momentum
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
F=kq1q2/R^2


18. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Open right hand rule
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Joule


19. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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20. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
How quickly you change velocity.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2


21. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
Displacement
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


22. What is electromagnetic induction?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
The bending of light
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.


23. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Diverging
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Speed ups
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.


24. What comprises alpha radiation?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
m=(rho)V
The body is moving at a constant velocity


25. How does impulse relate to force?
Impulse is (force)(time)
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Displacement
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


26. What did Rutherford discover?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The nucleus
F=qE
Ohm's Law: V=IR


27. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
(rho)gh
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)


28. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Gamma
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Joule


29. Define reflection
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
m=(rho)V
The bouncing of light


30. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


31. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)


32. What are the three types of radiation?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The bouncing of light
E=V/d


33. What is impulse?
How quickly you change velocity.
(rho)gh
Impulse is the change in momentum
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.


34. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt


35. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Watt


36. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
The charge on each capacitor.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Pascal


37. What comprises beta radiation?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.


38. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Concave
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Atmospheric pressure


39. Gauge Pressure

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40. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Joule


41. What does the term potential difference mean?
Weight ...w=mg
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.


42. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

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43. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Newton
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


44. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.


45. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Open right hand rule
P=IV
Concave


46. Define Snell's law.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.


47. What is half life?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Convex
Tesla
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


48. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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49. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Diverging


50. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Joule
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh