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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is mass energy equivalence?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

2. What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?

3. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Sum of the torques equal zero.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)

4. S.I. unit of flux
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Weber
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.

5. A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The charge on each capacitor.
kg•m/s
The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.

6. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Alpha
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.

7. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Concave
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The CHANGE in velocity.
(rho)gh

8. S.I. unit of magnetism
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Tesla
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.

9. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
m=(rho)V
Convex
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.

10. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment

11. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Joule
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
E=kq/R^2
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings

12. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
Diverging
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Convex
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE

13. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Newton
V=kq/R

14. What is Huygen's Principle?
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
m^3/s
Initial velocity
Watt

15. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener

16. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The electric field forces charges to move.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The volume under water

17. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Work done 'BY' the gas.
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.

18. Work is the area under which curve?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
When it is on the same side as the image?
The graph of force vs displacement
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.

19. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

20. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
E=kq/R^2
Diverging
Convex
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)

21. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.

22. What is the energy of a photon?

23. Unit of electric field
N/C
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Displacement

24. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.

25. What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.

26. How does temperature effect resistance?
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
N/C
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.

27. S.I. Unit of electric force
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Newton
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)

28. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
kg•m/s
(mg)sin(angle)

29. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.

30. What is the strong force?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
E=kq/R^2
Impulse is (force)(time)

31. What did Thompson discover?
The electron
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
KE = (3/2)kT
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.

32. Define Snell's law.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
KE = (3/2)kT
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

33. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

34. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

35. S.I. unit of power
The volume under water
Watt
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)

36. S.I. unit of centripetal force
Torque
Newton
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB

37. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

38. S.I. unit of Flow rate
Newton
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
m^3/s

39. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
velocity

40. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

41. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.

42. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.

43. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
Something other than zero.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.

44. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Concave
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)

45. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)

46. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

47. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Speed ups
The volume under water
Impulse is (force)(time)

48. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
The graph of force vs displacement
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.

49. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Impulse is (force)(time)

50. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.