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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Newton
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Impulse is (force)(time)

2. What is heat?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
The transfer of thermal energy
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh

3. How are velocity and speed different?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
The charge on each capacitor.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.

4. What is temperature?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.

5. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.

6. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
velocity
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Concave

7. What is transmutation?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.

8. What is the photoelectric effect?
The volume under water
V - a Joule/Coulomb
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)

9. What does light emission involve?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.

10. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Vertical direction
The charge on each capacitor.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.

11. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
velocity
Zero.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)

12. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
E=kq/R^2

13. What is internal energy?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...

14. Force in terms of pressure
Force= Pressure/Area
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Newton

15. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
The motion of the molecules in gas.

16. What causes resistance?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
N•m
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.

17. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Newton

18. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Atmospheric pressure
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Tesla

19. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
In front of the mirror - in the light.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.

20. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Weight ...w=mg
Entropy always increases.
ZERO

21. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
Something other than zero.
A1v1=a2v2

22. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
The bouncing of light

23. What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.

24. What do batteries and generators produce?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
How quickly you change velocity.
ZERO
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.

25. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
m^3/s
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.

26. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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27. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.

28. Work is the area under which curve?
The graph of force vs displacement
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
m=(rho)V
The charge on each capacitor.

29. What is half life?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.

30. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
When a body's speed is changing.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Newton
Joule

31. What is an isotope?
Atmospheric pressure
Vertical direction
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14

32. Define reflection
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
The bouncing of light
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Work

33. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
P=IV
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Something other than zero.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.

34. What does the term potential difference mean?
The nucleus
Convex
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.

35. How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
F=qE
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

36. Describe the relationship between Qh - Qc - and W in a heat engine?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

37. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Impulse is (force)(time)
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Gamma
Zero.

38. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
KE = (3/2)kT

39. S.I. Unit of electric force
Newton
Impulse
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.

40. What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Impulse is (force)(time)
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.

41. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Speed ups

42. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.

43. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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44. S.I. unit of flux
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Weber
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Impulse is the change in momentum

45. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
The CHANGE in velocity.
The motion of the molecules in gas.

46. What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.

47. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
Diverging
When the body rests on a surface.
The volume under water
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.

48. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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49. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Initial velocity
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.

50. Define Refraction
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The bending of light
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.