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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
No image.

2. When is the image negative for mirrors?

3. Under what conditions is heat positive?

4. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Open right hand rule
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant

5. What is an adiabatic process?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.

6. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.

7. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
When it is on the same side as the image?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
ZERO
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14

8. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
Initial velocity
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.

9. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?
Newton
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Joule
KE=Work

10. What causes radioactivity?
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Magnitude and direction
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.

11. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Speed ups
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

12. What is the formula relating emf and voltage?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
The bouncing of light
Open right hand rule
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)

13. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Impulse
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period

14. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
W=qV

15. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

16. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Zero.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.

17. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Impulse is (force)(time)
Newton
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.

18. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Zero.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.

19. S.I. unit of magnetism
Work
Tesla
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.

20. What is heat?
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
The transfer of thermal energy
E=kq/R^2

21. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

22. Flow Rate
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Weight ...w=mg
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

23. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

24. What are the three rules needed for mirrors - since not all three work every time?
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
m=(rho)V
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Convex

25. What is acceleration?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
How quickly you change velocity.
When the body rests on a surface.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.

26. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

27. What did Thompson discover?
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
The electron

28. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
F=qE
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
m^3/s

29. What is the binding energy?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.

30. What is the law of reflection?
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
E=hf
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.

31. What is the photoelectric effect?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
velocity

32. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Torque
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial

33. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The bouncing of light
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.

34. What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
The nucleus
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+

35. What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.
The velocity is positive
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
No image.
N/C

36. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.

37. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
The electric field forces charges to move.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
The electron

38. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Displacement
When the body rests on a surface.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period

39. What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Work
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2

40. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Convex

41. S.I. unit of frictional force
Convex
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
Newton

42. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
Joule
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.

43. S.I. unit of gravitational force
The transfer of thermal energy
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Newton

44. Define Snell's law.
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
How quickly you change velocity.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)

45. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
N/C
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.

46. What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and 'r' squared?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The body is moving at a constant velocity

47. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
The bouncing of light
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)

48. What two entities comprise a vector?
Speed ups
The velocity is positive
Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
Magnitude and direction

49. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
Alpha
When a body's speed is changing.
Newton
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.

50. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
The volume under water
Initial velocity
velocity
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.