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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
Newton
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

2. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

3. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.

4. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
KE = (3/2)kT
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.

5. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Joule
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v

6. What is the actual movement of charges - and how is it measured?
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Joule
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.

7. How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Open right hand rule
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.

8. What two entities comprise a vector?
Magnitude and direction
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Weight ...w=mg

9. How can total momentum be calculated?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)

10. What is the difference between the variable 'q' and 'Q?'?

11. What is the law of reflection?
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.

12. What equation describes the speed of a dropped object 't' seconds after it started moving?

13. What is electromagnetic induction?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Watt
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.

14. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
A1v1=a2v2
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
KE=Work

15. What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.

16. What does the term electric potential energy mean?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
No image.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
The bending of light

17. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
When a body's speed is changing.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Impulse is the change in momentum

18. S.I. unit of magnetism
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Convex
Impulse
Tesla

19. Define diffraction
Newton
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.

20. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Impulse
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.

21. S.I. unit of every kind of energy
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
The light travels through the image.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Joule

22. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
F=qE
No image.

23. What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
A change in the gas' temperature.
Impulse
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.

24. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet

25. What do batteries and generators produce?
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Impulse is (force)(time)
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.

26. What is an isothermal process - and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.

27. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...

28. Under what conditions is heat negative?

29. What is force times the parallel diplacement?
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
Convex
Work
Concave

30. What is Huygen's Principle?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
m^3/s
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)

31. What is force times time?
Sum of the torques equal zero.
The CHANGE in velocity.
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
Impulse

32. Define Refraction
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The bending of light

33. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Newton
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Entropy always increases.
Atmospheric pressure

34. What is internal energy?
N/C
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.

35. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Speed ups
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Zero.

36. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The bouncing of light
Joule

37. State the significance of Young's Experiment.
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Force= Pressure/Area
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.

38. S.I. unit of power
Impulse is (force)(time)
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Watt

39. S.I. unit of frictional force
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Newton

40. Condition for no rotation
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Sum of the torques equal zero.

41. How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.

42. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Torque

43. Unit of electric field
N/C
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
m=(rho)V
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)

44. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
The body is moving at a constant velocity
When the body rests on a surface.
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.

45. What is temperature?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Newton
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.

46. When is the image negative for a lens?
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v

47. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
Torque
Pascal
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.

48. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.

49. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Initial velocity

50. Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.
Newton
Entropy always increases.
E=kq/R^2
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)