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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
kg•m/s

2. S.I. unit of power
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Watt
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Joule

3. What is internal energy?
No image.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.

4. What is the law of reflection?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.

5. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
A1v1=a2v2
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.

6. What shape is a diverging lenses?
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

7. What is impulse?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Impulse is the change in momentum
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.

8. What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.

9. What do batteries and generators produce?
E=V/d
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)

10. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Newton

11. What does light absorption involve?
The electron
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.

12. What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.

13. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
The CHANGE in velocity.

14. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

15. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Vertical direction
W = KE:final - KE:initial

16. How are velocity and speed different?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
KE=Work

17. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
E=V/d
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.

18. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.

19. Under what conditions does entropy increase?
Entropy always increases.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.

20. What is an adiabatic process?
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
V - a Joule/Coulomb
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.

21. How does temperature effect resistance?
The bouncing of light
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Impulse is the change in momentum
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.

22. This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.

23. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

24. S.I. unit of gravitational force
Diverging
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Newton

25. What is the relationship between voltage - current and resistance?

26. How does impulse relate to force?
KE=Work
Open right hand rule
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Impulse is (force)(time)

27. How does thickness effect resistance?
Something other than zero.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14

28. Continuity equation
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
A1v1=a2v2

29. What is the strong force?
The volume under water
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
When the body rests on a surface.

30. Unit of electric field
(rho)gh
(mg)sin(angle)
N/C
Newton

31. Define reflection
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The bouncing of light
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.

32. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
The charge on each capacitor.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Gamma
Vertical direction

33. What is electromagnetic induction?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
The body is moving at a constant velocity
The charge on each capacitor.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt

34. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

35. How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
The volume under water
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)

36. What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial

37. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
Concave
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
The electric field forces charges to move.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.

38. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
Moment arm
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
F=qE

39. How length effect resistance?
Pascal
KE=Work
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.

40. How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?

41. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

42. S.I. unit of frictional force
Newton
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Work

43. Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
F=qE
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

44. How can total momentum be calculated?
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.

45. What is the component of 'mg' parallel to a slope?
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
(mg)sin(angle)
When a body's speed is changing.

46. What causes radioactivity?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Ohm's Law: V=IR

47. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Force= Pressure/Area

48. Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged plates
Speed ups
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Pascal
W=qV

49. Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
Joule
Convex
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2

50. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Diverging
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...