AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. S.I. unit of gravitational force
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
Newton


2. What shapes are converging lenses?
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh


3. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.


4. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
KE = (3/2)kT
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


5. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Newton
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Weight ...w=mg


6. Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Gamma
Atmospheric pressure


7. What causes resistance?
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
F=qE
Something other than zero.
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.


8. Under what conditions is heat negative?

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9. Flow Rate
P=IV
F=qE
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


10. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
Impulse is (force)(time)
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.


11. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Newton
The nucleus


12. What is the direction of the centripetal force?
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Displacement
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.


13. How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
F=kq1q2/R^2


14. S.I. unit of pressure
Pascal
Atmospheric pressure
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


15. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
Concave
The CHANGE in velocity.


16. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
ZERO
Sum of the torques equal zero.
KE=Work
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


17. What is the difference between reflection - refraction - and diffraction?
Displacement
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Work


18. When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero?

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19. What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?

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20. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Speed ups
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


21. What causes radioactivity?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


22. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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23. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PES - and K at maximum displacement?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Newton
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
E=kq/R^2


24. What did Rutherford discover?
The nucleus
Concave
A1v1=a2v2
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


25. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
Watt
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Alpha


26. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Newton
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
KE = (3/2)kT


27. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
Concave
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Speed ups


28. What is the energy of a photon?

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29. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
Impulse
Newton
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


30. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
velocity
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Atmospheric pressure


31. What is mass energy equivalence?
Convex
A1v1=a2v2
A change in the gas' temperature.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


32. In uniform circular motion - how is tangential velocity calculated?
Concave
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


33. What shape is a converging mirrors?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


34. What do batteries and generators produce?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Watt
Newton
A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.


35. What does light emission involve?
Ohm's Law: V=IR
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.


36. What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?
The CHANGE in velocity.
Atmospheric pressure
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
Joule


37. What is the area under the velocity time graph?
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Displacement
Something other than zero.


38. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Joule
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
F=kq1q2/R^2
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.


39. What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The graph of force vs displacement
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.


40. What is acceleration?
How quickly you change velocity.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Vertical direction
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)


41. What is Huygen's Principle?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Entropy always increases.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
PV=nRT and PV=kT


42. Define reflection
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The bouncing of light
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


43. When is the image negative for a lens?
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
When it is on the same side as the image?
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.


44. What comprises gamma decay?
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.


45. How length effect resistance?
N/C
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.


46. What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
Impulse is the change in momentum
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


47. What is internal energy?
Entropy always increases.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


48. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases?
KE=Work
The bending of light
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


49. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.


50. What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates - or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?

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