AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
KE = (3/2)kT
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


2. What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
In front of the mirror - in the light.
The electric field forces charges to move.
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.


3. Define reflection
The bouncing of light
Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
Tesla
Open right hand rule


4. What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


5. Continuity equation
Watt
A1v1=a2v2
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+


6. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?
When it is on the same side as the image?
Zero.
A change in the gas' temperature.
Tesla


7. When are f - p - q - ho - hi - and M positive for mirrors?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.


8. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
Work
Speed ups
A1v1=a2v2
V=kq/R


9. What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
The graph of force vs displacement
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)


10. When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
V=kq/R
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.


11. Energy of a SINGLE photon
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Tesla
E=hf
It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.


12. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
Magnitude and direction
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The charge on each capacitor.


13. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
When a body's speed is changing.
Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


14. What two entities comprise a vector?
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
The bouncing of light
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Magnitude and direction


15. Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?
Diverging
V - a Joule/Coulomb
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


16. What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
When a body's speed is changing.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


17. Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Atmospheric pressure
The initial velocity - (Vo in the formulas)
E=V/d


18. S.I. unit of Flow rate
Force= Pressure/Area
m^3/s
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)


19. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

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20. What is the law of reflection?
x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
Something other than zero.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.


21. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
Joule
PV=nRT and PV=kT
Impulse


22. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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23. S.I. unit of torque
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The CHANGE in velocity.
N•m


24. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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25. What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
W=qV
Break it up into x and y components using trig - add up the components.
Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
(rho)gh


26. The 'V' is (rho)Vg
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The volume under water
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


27. What is the photoelectric effect?
The light travels through the image.
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


28. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
The velocity is positive
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
F=kq1q2/R^2
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


29. If you double the mass of one planet - triple the mass of another - and move them twice as far apart - what happens to the force of attraction between them?
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Open right hand rule
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
'm' is replaced by 'q -' and 'g' is replaced by 'E.' W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.


30. Pressure of an open container at the opening.
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
Atmospheric pressure
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


31. What shape is a diverging lenses?
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J) - h = Plank's constant - f=frequency (Hz)
Newton
Concave


32. How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?
Newton
The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


33. How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?

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34. What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?
The CHANGE in velocity.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
velocity
V=kq/R


35. How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?

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36. What causes resistance?
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Ohm's Law: V=IR
F=kq1q2/R^2
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.


37. What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.


38. What is an isotope?
ZERO
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.


39. What forces charges to move?
Torque
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
The electric field forces charges to move.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma


40. When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums - how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body


41. Condition for no rotation
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Sum of the torques equal zero.


42. What shape is a converging mirrors?
Convex
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.


43. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
Convex


44. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
V=kq/R
PV=nRT and PV=kT
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Torque


45. How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4


46. What is the difference between emf and voltage?
Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.


47. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.


48. What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
Newton
The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
The transfer of thermal energy


49. Define Refraction
The bending of light
The velocity is positive
Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
Watt


50. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
Entropy always increases.
Speed ups