AP Physics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
Something other than zero.
Impulse is the change in momentum


2. What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?

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3. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

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4. Unit that means the same thing as Nm
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
Joule
A change in the gas' temperature.


5. Work is the area under which curve?
The graph of force vs displacement
F=kq1q2/R^2
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
The transfer of thermal energy


6. When is the image negative for mirrors?

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7. What is meant by the terms system and environment?
The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
Alpha
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.


8. What is mass energy equivalence?
V - a Joule/Coulomb
F=kq1q2/R^2
the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.


9. How can total momentum be calculated?
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Displacement
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.


10. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Sum of the torques equal zero.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment


11. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.


12. What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?
No image.
The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave - Transverse Wave: Light wave - 'The Wave' in a a crowd at a porting event.


13. What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
Convex
Current stays the same for resistors in series.


14. What is the relationship between power - voltage and current?
The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
P=IV
KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant


15. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

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16. Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?
Diverging
Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
Atmospheric pressure
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.


17. Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
Force lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
V=kq/R


18. What is temperature?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
(mg)sin(angle)
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.


19. What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
The body is moving at a constant velocity
Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
Newton


20. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
Atmospheric pressure
A change in the gas' temperature.
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Alpha


21. Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.

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22. What does the term potential difference mean?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


23. How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
Speed ups
Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial


24. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
x=(1/2)at^2 Remember - the word 'dropped' implies no initial velocity.
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.


25. What is half life?
When a body's speed is changing.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
V - a Joule/Coulomb
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)


26. Which kind of mirror can show a real image?
Speed ups
Concave
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.


27. How does thickness effect resistance?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
(mg)sin(angle)
V=kq/R


28. This is the gauge pressure when under water.
Convex
In front of the mirror - in the light.
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
(rho)gh


29. What is internal energy?
Displacement
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
Work done 'BY' the gas.
The motion of the molecules in gas.


30. Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
Diverging
The motion of the molecules in gas.
N•m


31. Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
Alpha
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.


32. What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Radio - Infrared - Visible - UltraViolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays.
Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
Pgh ..thats ('rho')(gravity's acceleration)(height)


33. Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.
KE = (3/2)kT
Zero.
This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
Convex


34. What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done - or that energy is used?
The light travels through the image.
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.


35. What is the law of reflection?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
V=kq/R
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.


36. What comprises beta radiation?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
P=IV
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.


37. Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.
Joule
F=kq1q2/R^2
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single - free-floating - molecule. the ionization ener


38. When is the image negative for a lens?
A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
Current stays the same for resistors in series.
When it is on the same side as the image?
Bernoulli's equation - Flow Rate = Volume/time


39. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
'q' is a single particle's charge and 'Q' is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
F=qE


40. What cause an electromagnetic wave - and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
Torque
The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.


41. What is an isotope?
Impulse is the change in momentum
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14


42. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

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43. What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?
ZERO
Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons - (protons and neutrons.)
Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet


44. Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
W = KE:final - KE:initial
Gamma
THe force that holds the nucleus together.


45. What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?
The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where 'a' is the centripetal force.
Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings


46. What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?

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47. The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
Initial velocity


48. What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
Vertical direction
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
E=hf


49. How are velocity and speed different?
The transfer of thermal energy
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Newton
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.


50. What forces charges to move?
The electric field forces charges to move.
Work
F=qE
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.