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AP Physics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?

2. Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?
DU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.

3. In a pendulum or spring - what are the displacement - velocity - PE and KE at the equilibrium position?
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
F=kq1q2/R^2

4. What are the three types of radiation?
That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.

5. What is the relationship between speed - frequency - and wavelength?
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)

6. What is an adiabatic process?
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
Vertical direction
An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)

7. In electrostatics - what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?

8. What is the energy of a photon?

9. What two things must be true for a positive magnification?
(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
Diverging

10. What is electromagnetic induction?
Speed ups
Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
The bending of light
Work done 'BY' the gas.

11. S.I. unit of momentum
The graph of force vs displacement
kg•m/s
ZERO
The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.

12. What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls 't' seconds after it started moving?

13. How does temperature effect resistance?
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
Pascal
wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.

14. What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts) - E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts) - IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
Joule
ZERO
Alpha

15. Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.

16. What is the strong force?
Gamma
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
THe force that holds the nucleus together.

17. What is the photoelectric effect?
The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
The volume under water

18. What stays the same for capacitors in series?
The charge on each capacitor.
V=Vo + at ...The word 'dropped' means no initial velocity.
F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N) - B:=magnetic field (T) - i=current (A) - l=length of wire in the field (m) - theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
According to Coulomb's Law - the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.

19. What did Rutherford discover?
The nucleus
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
The velocity is positive
W=qV where 'W' is the work - 'q' is the charge and 'V' is the potential difference measured in Volts.

20. What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT and PV=kT
The electric field forces charges to move.
Alpha - Beta - and Gamma
Open right hand rule

21. Gauge Pressure

22. What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile 't' seconds after it started moving?
Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
The volume under water
Current stays the same for resistors in series.

23. What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
(mg)sin(angle)
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.

24. Unit of electric field
Alpha
The charge on each capacitor.
N/C
Impulse is the change in momentum

25. What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?

26. What doesn't change (speed - frequency - or wavelength) - when light moves from one medium to another?
G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
m^3/s

27. Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?
The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
THe force that holds the nucleus together.
Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates - decrease the distance between the plates -and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.

28. What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?

29. When is sum of force (net force) zero?
g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
velocity

30. Force in terms of pressure
It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
kg•m/s
The bouncing of light
Force= Pressure/Area

31. How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?
m^3/s
system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.

32. How does a wires composition effect resistance?

33. S.I. unit of Flow rate
Convex
Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
m^3/s
V=kq/R

34. What is force times the perpendicular distance?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Torque
The longer the length of wire - the higher the resistance.
The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.

35. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?
The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+

36. When is a normal force present - what is its direction?
Concave
When the body rests on a surface.
m=(rho)V
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.

37. How does thickness effect resistance?
The thicker the wire - the lower the resistance.
N•m
The release of a Helium nuclei - 4 -2 He2+
KE = (3/2)kT

38. How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?
Resistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
It is the net force pointing towards the center.
It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
The bouncing of light

39. What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
(rho)gh

40. What force is always present - and what is its equation?
Weight ...w=mg
Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
Vertical direction
Work

41. What is mass energy equivalence?
Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes - a wavelength of light is given off.
Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.

42. What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?
W = KE:final - KE:initial
They fall - vertically - the by the same amount in the same time.
When it is on the 'dark' side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
A change in the gas' temperature.

43. What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
F=kq1q2/R^2
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body

44. What is internal energy?
(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
The motion of the molecules in gas.
E=hf

45. Condition for no rotation
Weight ...w=mg
Magnitude and direction
Statistically speaking - energy flows from hot to cold.
Sum of the torques equal zero.

46. What is the relationship between energy - frequency - and wavelength in any wave?
dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.

47. What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
ROY-G-BIV: Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo - Violet
(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
Kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)

48. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.

49. Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?
Convex
W=qV
Newton
Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.

50. Define diffraction
Joule
Bends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
Heat - (the 'Q' variable) - is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.