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AP Psychology
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Subjects
:
psychology
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The variable in a controlled experiment that the experimenter directly and purposefully manipulates to see how the other variables under study will be affected
independent variable
Herman von Helmholtz
Teratogen
Depressive disorders
2. Process of reconditioning in which a person is taught a new - more adaptive response to a familiar stimulus.
Phillip Zimbardo
Hobson & McCarley
Drive theory (aka - drive-reduction theory)
Counterconditioning
3. Humanistic psychology; Contributions: founded client-centered therapy - theory that emphasizes the unique quality of humans especially their freedom and potential for personal growth - unconditional positive regard -
Carl Rogers
sensory neurons
significant difference
parathyroid
4. The view that knowledge should be acquired through observation and often an experiment
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
empiricism
behavior
retina
5. In the sexual response cycle - engorgement of the blood vessels - particularly in the genital area - due to increased blood flow
declarative memory
Vasocongestion
Brainstorming
Latent Learning
6. A person's description and analysis of what he or she is thinking and feeling or what he or she has just thought about
Rational-emotive therapy
normal distribution
Mainstreaming
introspection
7. Helps athletes improve their focus - increase motivation - and deal with anxiety and fear of failure
Learned helplessness
sports psychologist
Abnormal Behavior
Counterconditioning
8. Anxiety disorders characterized as acute anxiety - accompanied by sharp increases in autonomic nervous system arousal - that is not triggered by a specific event.
Backward search
William James
Panic Attack
response bias
9. 17th century English philosopher. Wrote that the mind was a 'blank slate' or 'tabula rasa'; that is - people are born without innate ideas. We are completely shaped by our environment .
Trait
John Locke
Disorganized type of schizophrenia
significant difference
10. Psychoanalytic technique in which a person is asked to report to the therapist his or her thoughts and feelings as they occur - regardless of how trivial - illogical - or objectionable their content may appear.
Psychotic
Free association
Overjustification effect
Health psychology
11. The behavior of giving up or not responding to punishment - exhibited by people or animals exposed to negative consequences or punishment over which they have no control
resting potential
Learned Helplessness
Psychoanalysis
Opponent-process theory
12. Endocrine glands located above the kidney and secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine - which prepare the body for 'fight or flight'
Karen Horney
rods
experimenter bias
adrenal glands
13. The characteristic of requiring higher and higher doses of a drug to produce the same effect.
Psychotherapy
David McClelland
Tolerance
conventional level of moral development
14. According to Piaget - the process by which new ideas and experiences are absorbed and incorporated into existing mental structures and behaviors
resting potential
Delusions
Assimilation
Ego
15. The study of the lifelong - often age-related - processes of change in the physical - cognitive - moral - emotional - and social domains of functioning; such changes are rooted in biological mechanisms that are genetically controlled - as well as in
hindbrain
Developmental Psychology
polarization
Interpretation
16. Studies psychological development across the lifespan
episodic memory
developmental psychologist
Drive theory (aka - drive-reduction theory)
Means-ends analysis
17. A type of research method that allows researchers to measure variables so that they can develop a description of a situation or phenomenon
retina
Descriptive Studies
Transference
authoritarian parenting
18. Feelings of rivalry with the parent of the same sex and sexual desire for the parent of the other sex - occurring during the phallic stage and ultimately resolved through identification with the parent of the same sex.
difference threshold
Learned Helplessness
Oedipus Complex
Homeostasis
19. In an experiment - a difference that is unlikely to have occurred because of chance alone and is inferred to be most likely due to the systematic manipulations of variables by the researcher
Gazzaniga or Sperry
significant difference
Stimulant
nervous system
20. A tentative statement or idea expressing a causal relationship between two events or variables that is to be evaluated in a research study
Conformity
hypothesis
Anna Freud
survey research
21. The spread between the highest and the lowest scores in a distribution
Working through
Rape
Conditioned Response
range
22. Motivation theory - drive reduction; maintained that the goal of all motivated behavior is the reduction or alleviation of a drive state - mechanism through which reinforcement operates
Clark Hull
Self-perception Theory
range
Decision making
23. The process of growth and the realization of individual potential; in the humanistic view - a final level of psychological development in which a person attempts to minimize ill health - be fully functioning - have a superior perception of reality -
Self-actualization
Ego
mean
ACTH (arenocorticotropic hormone)
24. The folds in the cerebral cortex that increase the surface area of the brain
Gender Schema Theory
Dark adaptation
convolutions
positive psychology
25. Freud's first stage of personality development - from birth to about age 2 - during which the instincts of infants are focused on the mouth as the primary pleasure center.
Oral Stage
Myopic
Psychosurgery
elaborative rehearsal
26. Able to see clearly things that are close but having trouble seeing objects at a distance; nearsighted.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Ekman & Friesen
René Descartes
Myopic
27. A chart or array of scores - usually arranged from highest to lowest - showing the number of instances for each score
Prototype
frequency distribution
Secondary Sex Characteristics
nature
28. The measurement of public opinion through the use of sampling and questioning
Collective Unconscious
survey research
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
Brightness
29. Pioneer in Cognitive Therapy. Suggested negative beliefs cause depression.
Psychophysics
Francis Galton
Aaron Beck
Hermann Ebbinghaus
30. Large band of white neural fibers that connects to to brain hemispheres and carries messages between them; myelinated; involved in intelligence - consciousness - and self-awareness; does it reach full maturity until 20s
Oedipus Complex
corpus callosum
Depressants (AKA sedative-hypnotics)
central nervous system
31. Main area for hearing - understanding language (Wernicke's area) - understanding music; smell
temporal lobes
Undifferentiated type of schizophrenia
Archetypes
Moro reflex
32. Defense mechanism by which people refuse to accept reality.
Denial
afferent neuron nerve
Charles Spearman
Homeostasis
33. The space between two neurons where neurotransmitters are secreted by terminal buttons and received by dendrites
synapse
Conflict
Naturalistic observation
Daniel Goleman
34. Observed group differences based on the era when people were born and grew up - exposing them to particular experiences that may affect the results of cross-sectional studies
Transference
cohort effect
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Depressive disorders
35. Neurotransmitter that inhibits firing of neurons; linked with Huntington's disease
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
retrieval
Self-actualization
Reasoning
36. A system of learned attitudes about social practices - instituations - and individual behavior used to evaluate situations and behavior as right or wrong - good or bad
gonads
nonconscious
Morality
Trichromatic theory
37. Any of a class of drugs that relax and calm a user and - in higher doses - induce sleep; also known as a depressant
Depressants (AKA sedative-hypnotics)
cornea
emotional intelligence
Decentration
38. Minimum difference between any two stimuli that person can detect 50% of the time
convolutions
Preoperational stage
difference threshold
Schachter-Singer theory of emotion
39. The linguistic description of how a language functions - especially the rules and patterns used for generating appropriate and comprehensible sentences.
motor neurons
Social Facilitation
Grammar
Ego
40. A mass of tissue that is attached to the wall f the uterus and connected to the developing fetus by the umbilical cord; it supplies nutrients and eliminates waste products
mode
hormone
midbrain
Placenta
41. General category of mood disorders in which people show extreme and persistent sadness - despair - and loss of interest in life's usual activities.
science
Depressive disorders
statistics
autonomic nervous system
42. The system of principles of reasoning used to reach valid conclusions or make inferences.
strain studies
Subgoal analysis
Unconditioned Stimulus
Logic
43. Inability to remember information (typically - all events within a specific period) - usually due to physiological trauma
retroactive interference
Non-rapid Eye Movement Sleep
Stimulus Discrimination
amnesia
44. The theory that children and adolescents use gender as an organizing theme to classify and interpret their perceptions about the world and themselves
Token economy
Gender Schema Theory
memory
postconventional level of moral development
45. An unconscious way of reducing anxiety by distorting perceptions of reality.
Defense Mechanism
demand characteristics
explicit memory
neural impulse
46. Automatic behavior that occurs involuntarily in response to a stimulus and without prior learning and usually shows little variability from instance to instance
Reflex
nurture
Transduction
EEG (electroencephalogram)
47. A state of being or feeling in which each person in a relationship is willing to self-disclose and to express important feelings and information to the other person.
Intelligence
Intimacy
Survey
Mary Cover-Jones
48. An operant conditioning procedure in which a person is physically removed from sources of reinforcement to decrease the occurrence of undesired behaviors.
Learned helplessness
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Time-out
preconventional level of moral development
49. The most frequently occurring score in a set of data
Jean Piaget
observer bias
mode
Fulfillment
50. The prenatal organism from the 5th through the 49th day after conception
Groupthink
normal distribution
cognitive psychology
Embryo
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