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AP Psychology

Subjects : psychology, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Photoreceptors that detect color and fine detail in bright-light conditions; not present in peripheral vision






2. Any neutral stimulus that initially has no intrinsic negative value for an organism but acquires punishing qualities when linked with a primary punisher






3. The statistically determined minimum level of stimulation necessary to excite a perceptual system.






4. A score indicating what percentage of the test population would obtain a lower score






5. In Adler's theory - a feeling of openness with all humanity.






6. Decrease in effort and productivity that occurs when an individual works in a group instead of alone.






7. Describes differences between groups of participants that differ naturally on a variable such as race or gender






8. In Freud's theory - the instinctual (and sexual) life force that - working on the pleasure principle and seeking immediate gratification - energizes the id.






9. Organ lying between the stomach and small intestine; regulates blood sugar by secreting to regulating hormones insulin and glucagon






10. In Freud's theory - the part of personality that seeks to satisfy instinctual needs in accordance with reality.






11. The process by which a person infers other people's motives or intensions by observing their behavior.






12. Sleep/dreams/consciousness; pioneers of Activation-Synthesis Theory of dreams; sleep studies that indicate the brain creates dream states - not information processing or Freudian interpretations






13. The tendency of people in a group to seek concurrence with one another when reaching a decision - rather than effectively evaluating options.






14. General category of mood disorders in which people show extreme and persistent sadness - despair - and loss of interest in life's usual activities.






15. Afferent neurons; neurons that carry messages from sensory organs to the brain and spinal cords






16. Creates a computerized image using a magnetic field and pulses of radio waves






17. 17th century English philosopher. Wrote that the mind was a 'blank slate' or 'tabula rasa'; that is - people are born without innate ideas. We are completely shaped by our environment .






18. Main area for hearing - understanding language (Wernicke's area) - understanding music; smell






19. Subject in John Watson's experiment - proved classical conditioning principles - especially the generalization of fear






20. Prejudice against the elderly and the resulting discrimination against them






21. A treatment for severe mental illness in which an electric current is briefly applied to the head in order to produce a generalized seizure.






22. Chemical that mimics or facilitates the actions of a neurotransmitter






23. Manageable and meaningful units of information organized in such a way that it can be easily encoded - stored - and retrieved






24. Chemical that carries messages that travel through the bloodstream to help regulate bodily functions






25. Motivation theory - drive reduction; maintained that the goal of all motivated behavior is the reduction or alleviation of a drive state - mechanism through which reinforcement operates






26. A state of mental discomfort arising from a discrepancy between two or more of a person's beliefs or between a person's beliefs and overt behavior.






27. Process by which an organism learns to respond only to a specific stimulus and not to other stimuli






28. Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic formation in a double-helix; can replicate or reproduce itself; made of genes






29. A discipline based on the premise that even day-to-day behaviors are determined by the process of natural selection - that social behaviors that contribute to the survival of a species are passed on via the genes from one generation to the next.






30. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives






31. Interpersonal psychoanalysis; groundwork for enmeshed relationships - developed the Self-System - a configuration of personality traits






32. Selective reinforcement of behaviors that gradually approach the desired response






33. Motivation supplied by rewards that come from the external environment






34. Photoreceptors that detect black - white - and gray - and movement; used for vision in dim light






35. Behaviorism/learning; pioneer in systematic desensitization - maintained that fear could be unlearned






36. Brain encodes information in different ways or on different levels; deeper processing leads to deeper memory






37. The folds in the cerebral cortex that increase the surface area of the brain






38. Piaget's second stage of cognitive development (lasting from about age 2 to age 6 or 7) - during which the child begins to represent the world symbolically






39. Intelligence and learning - self-fulfilling prophecy; Study Basics: Researchers misled teachers into believing that certain students had higher IQs. Teachers changed own behaviors and effectively raised the IQ of the randomly chosen students






40. Three-stage process which describes the body's reaction to stress: 1) alarm reaction - 2) resistance - 3) exahaustion

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41. Freud's first stage of personality development - from birth to about age 2 - during which the instincts of infants are focused on the mouth as the primary pleasure center.






42. The ways people alter the attitudes or behaviors of others - either directly or indirectly.






43. Positively reinforcing closer and closer approximation of a desired behavior to teach a new behavior






44. A condition or characteristic of a situation or a person that is subject to change (it varies) within or across situations or individuals






45. A location on a receptor neurons which is like a key to a lock (with a specific nerve transmitter); allows for orderly pathways






46. School of psychological thought that was concerned with how and why the conscious mind works






47. A group of psychological disorders characterized by a lack of reality testing and by deterioration of social and intellectual functioning and personality beginning before age 45 and lasting at least 6 months






48. First menstrual period






49. The cessation of the ability to reproduce






50. Defense mechanism by which people attribute their own undesirable traits to others.