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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






2. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






3. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






4. Displays data that change over time






5. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






6. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






7. The ____ we care about most is straight






8. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






9. Distributions with more than two modes






10. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






11. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






12. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






13. The number of individuals in a sample






14. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






15. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






16. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






17. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






18. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






19. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






20. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






21. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






22. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






23. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






24. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






25. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






26. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






27. Numerically valued attribute of a model






28. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






29. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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30. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






31. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






32. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






33. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






34. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






35. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






36. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






37. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






38. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






39. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






40. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






41. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






42. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






43. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






44. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






45. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






46. A distribution that's roughly flat






47. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






48. Summarized with the mean or the median






49. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






50. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






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