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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






2. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






3. Summarized with the mean or the median






4. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






5. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






6. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






7. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






8. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






9. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






10. The square root of the variance






11. The number of individuals in a sample






12. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






13. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






14. A sample that consists of the entire population






15. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






16. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






17. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






18. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






19. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






20. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






21. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






22. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






23. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






24. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






25. A distribution that's roughly flat






26. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






27. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






28. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






29. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






30. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






31. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






32. Distributions with more than two modes






33. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






34. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






35. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






36. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






37. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






38. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






39. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






40. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






41. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






42. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






43. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






44. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






45. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






46. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






47. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






48. The ____ we care about most is straight






49. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






50. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random