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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
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Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
residuals
population parameter
5-number summary
standardized value
2. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
unimodal
matched
stem-and-leaf display
influential point
3. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
stem-and-leaf display
independence
matching
treatment
4. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
retrospective study
standard deviation
changing center and spread
mode
5. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
rescaling
bias
trial
interquartile range
6. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
data
categorical variable
block
bimodal
7. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
skewed
randomization
matching
percentile
8. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units
standard normal model
convenience sample
changing center and spread
retrospective study
9. An individual about whom or which we have data
distribution
mean
placebo effect
case
10. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
extrapolation
quartile
contingency table
multimodal
11. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
sample size
placebo effect
blinding
bias
12. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
completely randomized design
representative
re-express data
block
13. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
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14. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
population
population parameter
distribution
tails
15. Distributions with two modes
outlier
bimodal
subset
convenience sample
16. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
single-blind
normal model
retrospective study
ladder of powers
17. Summarized with the mean or the median
center
retrospective study
context
trial
18. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
control group
extrapolation
shape
voluntary response bias
19. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
outcome
bar chart
categorical variable
changing center and spread
20. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
sample survey
predicted value
z-score
lurking variable
21. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
completely randomized design
variance
bias
frequency table
22. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
distribution
center
outcome
r2
23. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
simulation
correlation
stratified random sample
least squares
24. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
ladder of powers
5-number summary
median
center
25. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
interquartile range
data table
single-blind
intercept
26. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
response
placebo effect
population parameter
form
27. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
rescaling
range
z-score
ladder of powers
28. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
placebo effect
confounded
frequency table
variance
29. The difference between the first and third quartiles
interquartile range
treatment
statistic
uniform
30. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random
randomization
simulation component
voluntary response bias
standard deviation
31. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
sampling variability
quartile
skewed
boxplot
32. The ____ we care about most is straight
form
multimodal
blinding
statistic
33. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
sampling variability
undercoverage
lurking variable
context
34. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
experiment
placebo effect
quartile
observational study
35. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
interquartile range
nonresponse bias
tails
marginal distribution
36. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ
categorical variable
distribution
observational study
sampling variability
37. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
observational study
ladder of powers
contingency table
bimodal
38. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
voluntary response bias
changing center and spread
completely randomized design
68-95-99.7 rule
39. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
random assignment
simple random sample
distribution
median
40. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
population parameter
statistic
correlation
model
41. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
changing center and spread
marginal distribution
sample survey
standard normal model
42. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
direction
completely randomized design
context
sample survey
43. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
subset
prospective study
intercept
changing center and spread
44. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
spread
strength
stratified random sample
context
45. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
correlation
rescaling
placebo
units
46. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
interquartile range
least squares
normal percentile
r2
47. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
intercept
correlation
frequency table
systematic sample
48. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
outlier
confounded
pie chart
direction
49. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
undercoverage
quartile
stem-and-leaf display
block
50. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
form
response variable
normal model
model
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