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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






2. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






3. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






4. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






5. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






6. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






7. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






8. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






9. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






10. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






11. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






12. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






13. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






14. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






15. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






16. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






17. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






18. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






19. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






20. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






21. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






22. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






23. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






24. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






25. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






26. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






27. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






28. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






29. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






30. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






31. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






32. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






33. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






34. The number of individuals in a sample






35. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






36. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






37. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






38. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






39. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






40. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






41. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






42. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






43. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






44. A sample that consists of the entire population






45. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






46. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






47. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






48. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






49. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






50. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area







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