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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






2. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






3. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






4. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






5. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






6. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






7. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






8. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






9. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






10. Displays data that change over time






11. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






12. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






13. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






14. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






15. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






16. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






17. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






18. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






19. Summarized with the mean or the median






20. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






21. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






22. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






23. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






24. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






25. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






26. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






27. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






28. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






29. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






30. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






31. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






32. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






33. A sample that consists of the entire population






34. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






35. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






36. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






37. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






38. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






39. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






40. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






41. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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42. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






43. Anything in a survey design that influences response






44. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






45. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






46. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






47. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






48. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






49. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






50. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other