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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






2. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






3. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






4. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






5. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






6. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






7. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






8. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






9. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






10. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






11. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






12. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






13. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






14. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






15. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






16. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






17. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






18. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






19. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






20. Numerically valued attribute of a model






21. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






22. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






23. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






24. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






25. Anything in a survey design that influences response






26. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






27. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






28. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






29. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






30. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






31. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






32. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






33. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






34. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






35. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






36. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






37. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






38. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






39. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






40. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






41. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






42. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






43. Distributions with more than two modes






44. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






45. The square root of the variance






46. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






47. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






48. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






49. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






50. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random