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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






2. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






3. The ____ we care about most is straight






4. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






5. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






6. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






7. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






8. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






9. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






10. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






11. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






12. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






13. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






14. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






15. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






16. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






17. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






18. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






19. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






20. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






21. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






22. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






23. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






24. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






25. The difference between the first and third quartiles






26. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






27. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






28. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






29. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






30. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






31. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






32. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






33. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






34. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






35. Displays data that change over time






36. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






37. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






38. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






39. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






40. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






41. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






42. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






43. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






44. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






45. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






46. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






47. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






48. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






49. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






50. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams