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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
standard normal model
strength
ladder of powers
outlier
2. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
area principle
sampling frame
placebo effect
variance
3. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data
level
outliers
histogram
statistic
4. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
re-express data
correlation
regression line
lurking variable
5. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
prospective study
re-express data
control group
ladder of powers
6. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
single-blind
data table
sampling frame
retrospective study
7. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
prospective study
independence
response variable
standard deviation
8. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
mean
undercoverage
sampling frame
observational study
9. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
predicted value
range
stem-and-leaf display
regression to the mean
10. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
boxplot
random numbers
mean
variance
11. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
subset
placebo
spread
response bias
12. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
68-95-99.7 rule
response bias
least squares
categorical variable
13. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
histogram
model
variance
randomization
14. A sample that consists of the entire population
statistic
tails
census
retrospective study
15. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
stratified random sample
census
boxplot
standard normal model
16. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
categorical variable
population
re-express data
sample
17. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
re-express data
outlier
standard deviation
skewed
18. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
correlation
percentile
population parameter
case
19. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
shifting
control group
statistically significant
standard normal model
20. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
observational study
random assignment
5-number summary
simpson's paradox
21. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
regression line
simulation component
experiment
representative
22. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
form
case
sample survey
z-score
23. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
standard deviation
response bias
marginal distribution
tails
24. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
simpson's paradox
level
stem-and-leaf display
lurking variable
25. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
lurking variable
voluntary response bias
tails
data
26. Control - randomize - replicate - block
matching
principles of experimental design
population
extrapolation
27. The number of individuals in a sample
sample size
placebo
population parameter
simple random sample
28. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable
response variable
bar chart
pie chart
outlier
29. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
randomized block
normal probability plot
median
marginal distribution
30. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
response
quantitative variable
strength
single-blind
31. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
census
area principle
independence
median
32. The square root of the variance
influential point
principles of experimental design
standard deviation
range
33. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
5-number summary
stem-and-leaf display
sample
statistically significant
34. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
normal model
form
standard normal model
categorical variable
35. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
completely randomized design
sampling frame
boxplot
slope
36. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
center
mean
histogram
rescaling
37. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
standard normal model
observational study
outlier
convenience sample
38. Distributions with two modes
marginal distribution
response variable
bimodal
placebo effect
39. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
sampling frame
direction
factor
lurking variable
40. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
variance
model
categorical variable
matching
41. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
simulation component
predicted value
blinding
matching
42. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
multimodal
range
independence
shape
43. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it
unimodal
variance
quartile
randomization
44. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
influential point
model
census
area principle
45. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
matching
data table
lurking variable
completely randomized design
46. Anything in a survey design that influences response
68-95-99.7 rule
correlation
response bias
mode
47. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
prospective study
outcome
correlation
influential point
48. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
response variable
influential point
outlier
percentile
49. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
normal percentile
data
linear model
response variable
50. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
statistically significant
mode
scatterplots
normal model