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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






2. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






3. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






4. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






5. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






6. A distribution that's roughly flat






7. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






8. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






9. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






10. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






11. The number of individuals in a sample






12. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






13. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






14. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






15. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






16. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






17. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






18. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






19. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






20. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






21. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






22. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






23. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






24. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






25. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






26. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






27. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






28. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






29. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






30. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






31. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






32. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






33. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






34. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






35. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






36. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






37. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






38. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






39. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






40. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






41. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






42. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






43. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






44. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






45. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






46. An individual result of a component of a simulation






47. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






48. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






49. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






50. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population