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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






2. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






3. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






4. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






5. Summarized with the mean or the median






6. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






7. The difference between the first and third quartiles






8. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






9. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






10. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






11. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






12. Distributions with more than two modes






13. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






14. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






15. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






16. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






17. Displays data that change over time






18. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






19. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






20. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






21. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






22. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






23. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






24. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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25. An individual about whom or which we have data






26. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






27. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






28. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






29. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






30. The number of individuals in a sample






31. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






32. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






33. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






34. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






35. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






36. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






37. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






38. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






39. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






40. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






41. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






42. An individual result of a component of a simulation






43. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






44. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






45. Distributions with two modes






46. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






47. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






48. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






49. Anything in a survey design that influences response






50. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes







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