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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






2. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






3. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






4. Distributions with more than two modes






5. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






6. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






7. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






8. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






9. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






10. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






11. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






12. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






13. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






14. Displays data that change over time






15. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






16. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






17. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






18. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






19. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






20. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






21. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






22. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






23. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






24. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






25. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






26. Anything in a survey design that influences response






27. An individual about whom or which we have data






28. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






29. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






30. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






31. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






32. A distribution that's roughly flat






33. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






34. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






35. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






36. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






37. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






38. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






39. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






40. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






41. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






42. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






43. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






44. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






45. The number of individuals in a sample






46. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






47. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






48. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






49. Distributions with two modes






50. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot