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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Distributions with more than two modes






2. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






3. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






4. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






5. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






6. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






7. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






8. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






9. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






10. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






11. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






12. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






13. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






14. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






15. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






16. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






17. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






18. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






19. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






20. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






21. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






22. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






23. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






24. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






25. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






26. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






27. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






28. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






29. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






30. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






31. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






32. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






33. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






34. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






35. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






36. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






37. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






38. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






39. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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40. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






41. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






42. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






43. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






44. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






45. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






46. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






47. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






48. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






49. Displays data that change over time






50. Control - randomize - replicate - block