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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
completely randomized design
histogram
distribution
strength
2. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
population parameter
parameter
completely randomized design
range
3. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
boxplot
placebo
extrapolation
linear model
4. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
r2
distribution
tails
parameter
5. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
control group
model
retrospective study
lurking variable
6. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
blinding
direction
single-blind
census
7. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
random numbers
dotplot
single-blind
convenience sample
8. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
experimental units
matching
regression line
center
9. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
shifting
outlier
principles of experimental design
units
10. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
slope
random
influential point
sample survey
11. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
outlier
blinding
simulation
normal probability plot
12. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
mode
context
standardized value
distribution
13. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
retrospective study
changing center and spread
treatment
normal percentile
14. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
normal model
random assignment
bias
changing center and spread
15. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
leverage
least squares
variance
68-95-99.7 rule
16. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
marginal distribution
subset
direction
scatterplots
17. An individual about whom or which we have data
dotplot
case
matched
sampling frame
18. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
simple random sample
68-95-99.7 rule
histogram
percentile
19. Control - randomize - replicate - block
randomization
standardizing
experiment
principles of experimental design
20. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
distribution
statistic
standard deviation
conditional distribution
21. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
marginal distribution
scatterplots
5-number summary
correlation
22. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
percentile
mode
independence
direction
23. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
extrapolation
influential point
sample survey
boxplot
24. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
comparing distributions
scatterplots
lurking variable
regression line
25. An individual result of a component of a simulation
trial
statistically significant
bar chart
outcome
26. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
correlation
slope
sample survey
standardized value
27. Anything in a survey design that influences response
distribution
lurking variable
response bias
completely randomized design
28. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
matching
stratified random sample
quartile
percentile
29. Numerically valued attribute of a model
parameter
spread
normal model
uniform
30. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random
randomization
z-score
bimodal
simulation component
31. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
block
sample
bimodal
least squares
32. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
scatterplots
observational study
regression line
unimodal
33. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
control group
normal probability plot
mode
confounded
34. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
dotplot
cluster sample
experimental units
outcome
35. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
simple random sample
quantitative variable
convenience sample
experimental units
36. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
standard deviation
voluntary response bias
regression line
bar chart
37. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
spread
model
predicted value
ladder of powers
38. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
linear model
representative
unimodal
matched
39. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
control group
form
data table
simulation component
40. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
marginal distribution
outcome
trial
standardized value
41. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data
outliers
random numbers
lurking variable
histogram
42. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
placebo effect
contingency table
undercoverage
representative
43. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
ladder of powers
extrapolation
population
quartile
44. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
68-95-99.7 rule
level
rescaling
quantitative variable
45. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
convenience sample
voluntary response bias
mode
leverage
46. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
units
representative
symmetric
normal model
47. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
conditional distribution
predicted value
uniform
least squares
48. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
random numbers
observational study
principles of experimental design
center
49. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
experiment
simulation
median
sample size
50. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
r2
standardized value
direction
sample survey