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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






2. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






3. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






4. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






5. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






6. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






7. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






8. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






9. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






10. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






11. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






12. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






13. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






14. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






15. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






16. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






17. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






18. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






19. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






20. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






21. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






22. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






23. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






24. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






25. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






26. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






27. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






28. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






29. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






30. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






31. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






32. Summarized with the mean or the median






33. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






34. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






35. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






36. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






37. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






38. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






39. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






40. Distributions with more than two modes






41. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






42. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






43. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






44. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






45. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






46. Numerically valued attribute of a model






47. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






48. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






49. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






50. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it