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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






2. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






3. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






4. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






5. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






6. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






7. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






8. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






9. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






10. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






11. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






12. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






13. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






14. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






15. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






16. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






17. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






18. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






19. Numerically valued attribute of a model






20. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






21. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






22. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






23. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






24. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






25. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






26. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






27. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






28. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






29. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






30. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






31. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






32. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






33. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






34. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






35. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






36. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






37. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






38. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






39. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






40. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






41. The ____ we care about most is straight






42. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






43. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






44. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






45. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






46. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






47. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






48. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






49. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






50. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population







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