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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
percentile
variable
prospective study
completely randomized design
2. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
confounded
dotplot
median
bar chart
3. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
mode
comparing distributions
shape
contingency table
4. The number of individuals in a sample
least squares
blinding
ladder of powers
sample size
5. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
normal model
factor
retrospective study
intercept
6. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
direction
spread
mode
statistic
7. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
standardizing
center
tails
context
8. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
conditional distribution
simple random sample
normal model
linear model
9. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
context
5-number summary
spread
statistically significant
10. The square root of the variance
slope
standard deviation
block
conditional distribution
11. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
spread
least squares
outliers
principles of experimental design
12. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
simple random sample
influential point
population parameter
skewed
13. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
simple random sample
re-express data
undercoverage
response bias
14. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
outcome
spread
bar chart
response variable
15. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
sample survey
prospective study
leverage
standard deviation
16. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
statistically significant
convenience sample
variable
changing center and spread
17. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
changing center and spread
ladder of powers
median
standardizing
18. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
rescaling
spread
systematic sample
sampling variability
19. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
units
treatment
median
categorical variable
20. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
tails
control group
data table
randomized block
21. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
r2
dotplot
re-express data
categorical variable
22. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
standardizing
cluster sample
simpson's paradox
placebo effect
23. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
retrospective study
bar chart
randomized block
variance
24. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
bimodal
shifting
mean
simpson's paradox
25. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
outliers
trial
boxplot
experiment
26. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
area principle
median
contingency table
regression to the mean
27. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
population parameter
experiment
standardizing
confounded
28. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
scatterplots
5-number summary
distribution
lurking variable
29. The ____ we care about most is straight
regression to the mean
subset
placebo effect
form
30. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
frequency table
outcome
leverage
predicted value
31. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
z-score
standard normal model
stem-and-leaf display
convenience sample
32. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
distribution
boxplot
randomized block
lurking variable
33. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
strength
normal percentile
regression line
center
34. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
observational study
randomization
residuals
spread
35. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
double-blind
sample
pie chart
skewed
36. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
statistic
standardizing
symmetric
shape
37. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
data table
treatment
normal model
level
38. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
voluntary response bias
predicted value
influential point
stem-and-leaf display
39. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
range
simulation
model
direction
40. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
area principle
sampling variability
lurking variable
prospective study
41. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
normal percentile
multimodal
population
multistage sample
42. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
conditional distribution
trial
experiment
skewed
43. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
cluster sample
linear model
marginal distribution
variable
44. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
experimental units
ladder of powers
nonresponse bias
standardizing
45. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
subset
population parameter
independence
matched
46. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
multistage sample
random assignment
standard normal model
representative
47. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
random numbers
level
standard normal model
sample size
48. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
voluntary response bias
simpson's paradox
5-number summary
simple random sample
49. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
outcome
extrapolation
boxplot
area principle
50. Anything in a survey design that influences response
voluntary response bias
census
response bias
shape