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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
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Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
standard normal model
prospective study
variance
data table
2. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
units
sampling frame
random assignment
boxplot
3. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
median
mode
standard deviation
control group
4. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
representative
mean
prospective study
unimodal
5. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
standard normal model
quantitative variable
boxplot
scatterplots
6. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
subset
response variable
5-number summary
sample survey
7. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
multimodal
context
intercept
standard normal model
8. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
median
regression line
residuals
dotplot
9. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
experimental units
variance
sample
slope
10. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
random
control group
nonresponse bias
scatterplots
11. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
simulation
factor
simple random sample
tails
12. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
strength
spread
distribution
re-express data
13. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
stratified random sample
tails
cluster sample
experiment
14. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
pie chart
categorical variable
least squares
simpson's paradox
15. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
placebo effect
blinding
tails
leverage
16. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
block
contingency table
placebo effect
observational study
17. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
voluntary response bias
simulation
tails
block
18. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
scatterplots
level
double-blind
principles of experimental design
19. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
bimodal
retrospective study
representative
block
20. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
timeplot
standard deviation
form
pie chart
21. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
retrospective study
outlier
systematic sample
matching
22. A sample that consists of the entire population
regression line
lurking variable
comparing distributions
census
23. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
influential point
unimodal
convenience sample
boxplot
24. Displays data that change over time
pie chart
conditional distribution
histogram
timeplot
25. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
confounded
symmetric
68-95-99.7 rule
block
26. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
mean
randomized block
rescaling
spread
27. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
dotplot
simple random sample
conditional distribution
percentile
28. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
treatment
normal probability plot
multistage sample
representative
29. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
block
scatterplots
quantitative variable
bias
30. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
percentile
boxplot
tails
standardized value
31. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
principles of experimental design
data table
spread
simpson's paradox
32. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random
simulation component
independence
population
stem-and-leaf display
33. An individual result of a component of a simulation
retrospective study
pie chart
area principle
outcome
34. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
units
placebo
standardizing
placebo effect
35. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
randomization
range
factor
form
36. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
simulation component
68-95-99.7 rule
sample survey
variance
37. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
residuals
sampling frame
random
context
38. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
randomization
frequency table
uniform
variable
39. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
completely randomized design
normal model
bar chart
spread
40. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
independence
normal percentile
convenience sample
standardized value
41. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
placebo
mode
data table
contingency table
42. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
leverage
strength
trial
simpson's paradox
43. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
distribution
68-95-99.7 rule
matched
observational study
44. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
matched
model
least squares
mode
45. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
r2
stratified random sample
completely randomized design
quantitative variable
46. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
ladder of powers
statistically significant
randomized block
units
47. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
parameter
block
standardized value
least squares
48. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
normal percentile
matched
random assignment
level
49. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
strength
case
normal percentile
uniform
50. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
z-score
principles of experimental design
lurking variable
placebo effect
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