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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






2. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






3. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






4. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






5. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






6. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






7. Distributions with more than two modes






8. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






9. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






10. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






11. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






12. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






13. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






14. Distributions with two modes






15. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






16. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






17. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






18. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






19. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






20. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






21. An individual about whom or which we have data






22. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






23. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






24. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






25. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






26. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






27. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






28. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






29. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






30. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






31. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






32. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






33. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






34. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






35. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






36. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






37. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






38. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






39. Summarized with the mean or the median






40. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






41. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






42. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






43. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






44. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






45. An individual result of a component of a simulation






46. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






47. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






48. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






49. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






50. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value