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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






2. A distribution that's roughly flat






3. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






4. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






5. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






6. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






7. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






8. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






9. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






10. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






11. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






12. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






13. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






14. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






15. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






16. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






17. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






18. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






19. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






20. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






21. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






22. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






23. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






24. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






25. Numerically valued attribute of a model






26. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






27. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






28. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






29. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






30. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






31. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






32. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






33. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






34. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






35. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






36. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






37. Summarized with the mean or the median






38. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






39. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






40. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






41. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






42. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






43. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






44. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






45. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






46. The number of individuals in a sample






47. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






48. Distributions with two modes






49. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






50. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis