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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
scatterplots
r2
confounded
spread
2. An individual result of a component of a simulation
outcome
experimental units
data table
matching
3. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
standardizing
stem-and-leaf display
ladder of powers
normal percentile
4. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
leverage
marginal distribution
changing center and spread
matched
5. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
form
simpson's paradox
double-blind
matching
6. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
strength
prospective study
z-score
census
7. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
distribution
response variable
shape
blinding
8. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
shape
multistage sample
mode
percentile
9. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
comparing distributions
spread
conditional distribution
randomization
10. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
outlier
bimodal
histogram
interquartile range
11. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
strength
model
parameter
bimodal
12. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
boxplot
pie chart
multimodal
normal percentile
13. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
quantitative variable
extrapolation
double-blind
factor
14. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
skewed
5-number summary
simple random sample
68-95-99.7 rule
15. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
interquartile range
quantitative variable
ladder of powers
model
16. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
trial
bar chart
principles of experimental design
subset
17. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
leverage
slope
shifting
convenience sample
18. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
factor
68-95-99.7 rule
timeplot
regression to the mean
19. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
unimodal
median
experimental units
voluntary response bias
20. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
context
mean
distribution
variance
21. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
context
shifting
ladder of powers
observational study
22. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
placebo
outcome
multimodal
observational study
23. The square root of the variance
standard deviation
census
response
outlier
24. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
population parameter
experiment
boxplot
direction
25. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
r2
treatment
marginal distribution
retrospective study
26. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
uniform
rescaling
observational study
spread
27. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
completely randomized design
changing center and spread
convenience sample
simulation
28. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
representative
skewed
multistage sample
frequency table
29. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
sample survey
statistic
randomization
percentile
30. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
data
outlier
cluster sample
completely randomized design
31. Distributions with more than two modes
z-score
multimodal
single-blind
population
32. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
histogram
prospective study
ladder of powers
context
33. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
shape
convenience sample
predicted value
placebo effect
34. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it
outlier
subset
convenience sample
quartile
35. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
stratified random sample
treatment
data
dotplot
36. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
dotplot
r2
bimodal
contingency table
37. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
population
statistic
conditional distribution
timeplot
38. Displays data that change over time
statistically significant
multistage sample
matched
timeplot
39. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
retrospective study
spread
trial
completely randomized design
40. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
random numbers
frequency table
contingency table
units
41. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
timeplot
slope
simple random sample
convenience sample
42. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
confounded
tails
double-blind
bias
43. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
shape
control group
r2
predicted value
44. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
influential point
pie chart
population parameter
conditional distribution
45. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
mode
distribution
placebo effect
influential point
46. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
percentile
regression line
frequency table
principles of experimental design
47. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
center
least squares
single-blind
placebo effect
48. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
undercoverage
lurking variable
cluster sample
sampling frame
49. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
range
experiment
mean
placebo effect
50. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
shifting
comparing distributions
conditional distribution
random numbers