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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






2. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






3. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






4. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






5. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






6. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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7. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






8. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






9. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






10. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






11. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






12. Numerically valued attribute of a model






13. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






14. The ____ we care about most is straight






15. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






16. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






17. An individual result of a component of a simulation






18. The difference between the first and third quartiles






19. The square root of the variance






20. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






21. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






22. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






23. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






24. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






25. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






26. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






27. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






28. Distributions with more than two modes






29. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






30. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






31. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






32. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






33. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






34. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






35. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






36. An individual about whom or which we have data






37. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






38. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






39. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






40. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






41. The number of individuals in a sample






42. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






43. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






44. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






45. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






46. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






47. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






48. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






49. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






50. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association