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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






2. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






3. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






4. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






5. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






6. Numerically valued attribute of a model






7. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






8. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






9. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






10. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






11. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






12. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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13. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






14. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






15. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






16. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






17. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






18. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






19. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






20. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






21. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






22. Summarized with the mean or the median






23. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






24. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






25. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






26. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






27. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






28. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






29. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






30. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






31. The ____ we care about most is straight






32. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






33. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






34. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






35. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






36. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






37. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






38. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






39. A sample that consists of the entire population






40. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






41. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






42. Displays data that change over time






43. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






44. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






45. The difference between the first and third quartiles






46. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






47. An individual result of a component of a simulation






48. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






49. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






50. Design Randomization occurring within blocks