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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






2. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






3. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






4. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






5. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






6. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






7. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






8. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






9. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






10. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






11. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






12. Distributions with two modes






13. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






14. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






15. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






16. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






17. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






18. An individual result of a component of a simulation






19. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






20. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






21. The difference between the first and third quartiles






22. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






23. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






24. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






25. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






26. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






27. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






28. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






29. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






30. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






31. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






32. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






33. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






34. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






35. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






36. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






37. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






38. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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39. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






40. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






41. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






42. The square root of the variance






43. Distributions with more than two modes






44. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






45. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






46. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






47. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






48. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






49. A distribution that's roughly flat






50. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one