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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
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Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
comparing distributions
form
unimodal
single-blind
2. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
representative
skewed
experimental units
matched
3. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
double-blind
dotplot
center
stem-and-leaf display
4. Control - randomize - replicate - block
tails
predicted value
normal model
principles of experimental design
5. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
sampling variability
random
matching
strength
6. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
units
z-score
residuals
multistage sample
7. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
response
blinding
mode
multistage sample
8. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
intercept
distribution
scatterplots
placebo
9. Distributions with two modes
bias
bimodal
quantitative variable
contingency table
10. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
spread
random assignment
treatment
prospective study
11. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
outliers
convenience sample
68-95-99.7 rule
scatterplots
12. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
confounded
random assignment
re-express data
sample survey
13. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
statistic
boxplot
stem-and-leaf display
matched
14. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
confounded
subset
categorical variable
retrospective study
15. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
median
linear model
z-score
regression to the mean
16. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
interquartile range
standard normal model
r2
quantitative variable
17. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
area principle
histogram
model
trial
18. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
spread
r2
extrapolation
response variable
19. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ
sampling variability
area principle
dotplot
standardizing
20. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
conditional distribution
observational study
representative
treatment
21. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
regression line
rescaling
placebo
stem-and-leaf display
22. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
data table
normal model
timeplot
simpson's paradox
23. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
response
normal probability plot
bimodal
context
24. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
standardizing
sample survey
outliers
timeplot
25. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
retrospective study
multistage sample
nonresponse bias
extrapolation
26. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
contingency table
intercept
regression line
outlier
27. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
retrospective study
response bias
z-score
r2
28. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
lurking variable
block
direction
sample survey
29. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
variance
symmetric
distribution
spread
30. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
histogram
shifting
independence
simpson's paradox
31. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
population
mean
standard normal model
nonresponse bias
32. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
outliers
multistage sample
conditional distribution
experiment
33. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
range
control group
linear model
sampling frame
34. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
completely randomized design
direction
symmetric
center
35. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
regression to the mean
treatment
median
mode
36. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
uniform
normal percentile
prospective study
frequency table
37. Anything in a survey design that influences response
range
response bias
spread
frequency table
38. The square root of the variance
slope
z-score
extrapolation
standard deviation
39. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
influential point
stem-and-leaf display
regression line
response variable
40. Numerically valued attribute of a model
multimodal
outliers
random numbers
parameter
41. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
ladder of powers
categorical variable
lurking variable
convenience sample
42. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
response
bias
matching
direction
43. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
skewed
histogram
frequency table
control group
44. Distributions with more than two modes
matched
random assignment
standardized value
multimodal
45. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
shape
direction
model
68-95-99.7 rule
46. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population
matching
regression to the mean
interquartile range
sample
47. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
context
residuals
matched
undercoverage
48. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
outlier
variance
voluntary response bias
strength
49. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
block
residuals
sample size
variable
50. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
z-score
linear model
matching
quantitative variable
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