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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






2. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






3. A distribution that's roughly flat






4. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






5. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






6. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






7. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






8. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






9. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






10. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






11. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






12. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






13. The number of individuals in a sample






14. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






15. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






16. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






17. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






18. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






19. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






20. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






21. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






22. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






23. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






24. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






25. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






26. The ____ we care about most is straight






27. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






28. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






29. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






30. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






31. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






32. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






33. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






34. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






35. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






36. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






37. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






38. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






39. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






40. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






41. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






42. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






43. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






44. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






45. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






46. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






47. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






48. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






49. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






50. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes