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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






2. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






3. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






4. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






5. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






6. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






7. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






8. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






9. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






10. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






11. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






12. Distributions with two modes






13. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






14. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






15. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






16. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






17. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






18. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






19. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






20. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






21. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






22. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






23. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






24. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






25. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






26. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






27. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






28. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






29. The ____ we care about most is straight






30. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






31. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






32. Anything in a survey design that influences response






33. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






34. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






35. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






36. An individual about whom or which we have data






37. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






38. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






39. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






40. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






41. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






42. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






43. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






44. The difference between the first and third quartiles






45. An individual result of a component of a simulation






46. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






47. Displays data that change over time






48. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






49. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






50. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x