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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sample that consists of the entire population






2. An individual about whom or which we have data






3. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






4. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






5. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






6. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






7. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






8. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






9. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






10. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






11. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






12. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






13. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






14. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






15. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






16. Numerically valued attribute of a model






17. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






18. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






19. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






20. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






21. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






22. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






23. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






24. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






25. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






26. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






27. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






28. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






29. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






30. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






31. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






32. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






33. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






34. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






35. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






36. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






37. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






38. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






39. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






40. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






41. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






42. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






43. Summarized with the mean or the median






44. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






45. The number of individuals in a sample






46. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






47. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






48. Distributions with more than two modes






49. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






50. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one