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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The square root of the variance






2. The difference between the first and third quartiles






3. Summarized with the mean or the median






4. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






5. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






6. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






7. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






8. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






9. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






10. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






11. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






12. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






13. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






14. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






15. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






16. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






17. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






18. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






19. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






20. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






21. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






22. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






23. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






24. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






25. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






26. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






27. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






28. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






29. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






30. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






31. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






32. A sample that consists of the entire population






33. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






34. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






35. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






36. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






37. Numerically valued attribute of a model






38. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






39. An individual result of a component of a simulation






40. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






41. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






42. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






43. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






44. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






45. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






46. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






47. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






48. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






49. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






50. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population







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