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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






2. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






3. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






4. The ____ we care about most is straight






5. Control - randomize - replicate - block






6. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






7. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






8. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






9. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






10. The square root of the variance






11. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






12. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






13. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






14. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






15. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






16. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






17. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






18. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






19. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






20. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






21. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






22. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






23. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






24. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






25. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






26. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






27. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






28. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






29. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






30. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






31. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






32. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






33. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






34. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






35. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






36. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






37. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






38. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






39. An individual about whom or which we have data






40. The difference between the first and third quartiles






41. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






42. Distributions with two modes






43. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






44. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






45. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






46. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






47. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






48. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






49. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






50. An individual result of a component of a simulation