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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






2. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






3. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






4. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






5. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






6. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






7. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






8. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






9. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






10. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






11. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






12. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






13. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






14. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






15. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






16. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






17. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






18. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






19. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






20. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






21. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






22. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






23. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






24. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






25. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






26. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






27. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






28. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






29. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






30. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






31. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






32. The square root of the variance






33. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






34. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






35. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






36. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






37. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






38. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






39. Summarized with the mean or the median






40. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






41. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






42. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






43. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






44. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






45. Numerically valued attribute of a model






46. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






47. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






48. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






49. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






50. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value