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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An individual about whom or which we have data






2. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






3. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






4. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






5. The number of individuals in a sample






6. The difference between the first and third quartiles






7. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






8. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






9. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






10. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






11. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






12. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






13. The ____ we care about most is straight






14. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






15. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






16. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






17. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






18. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






19. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






20. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






21. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






22. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






23. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






24. Distributions with more than two modes






25. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






26. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






27. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






28. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






29. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






30. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






31. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






32. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






33. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






34. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






35. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






36. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






37. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






38. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






39. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






40. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






41. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






42. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






43. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






44. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






45. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






46. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






47. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






48. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






49. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






50. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other