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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






2. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






3. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






4. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






5. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






6. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






7. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






8. The number of individuals in a sample






9. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






10. Distributions with more than two modes






11. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






12. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






13. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






14. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






15. The square root of the variance






16. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






17. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






18. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






19. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






20. Displays data that change over time






21. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






22. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






23. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






24. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






25. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






26. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






27. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






28. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






29. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






30. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






31. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






32. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






33. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






34. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






35. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






36. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






37. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






38. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






39. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






40. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






41. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






42. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






43. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






44. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






45. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






46. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






47. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






48. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






49. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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50. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set