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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
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Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
matched
direction
intercept
comparing distributions
2. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data
sample size
range
outliers
shape
3. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
lurking variable
stratified random sample
quartile
scatterplots
4. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
variance
shifting
control group
percentile
5. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
representative
population
normal percentile
level
6. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
histogram
bar chart
systematic sample
ladder of powers
7. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
statistic
correlation
sample survey
factor
8. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
outlier
statistically significant
5-number summary
pie chart
9. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
population parameter
conditional distribution
timeplot
prospective study
10. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum
ladder of powers
strength
parameter
stratified random sample
11. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
correlation
retrospective study
standardizing
influential point
12. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
dotplot
stem-and-leaf display
quantitative variable
random assignment
13. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
percentile
random numbers
census
units
14. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
residuals
voluntary response bias
percentile
spread
15. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
independence
variable
context
simple random sample
16. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
influential point
outcome
block
experimental units
17. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
comparing distributions
bimodal
sampling frame
prospective study
18. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
distribution
regression line
control group
timeplot
19. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
experiment
5-number summary
symmetric
regression to the mean
20. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
experiment
mean
sample survey
simulation
21. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
response
trial
response variable
median
22. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
68-95-99.7 rule
outlier
blinding
treatment
23. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
normal probability plot
tails
level
shifting
24. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
randomized block
mode
marginal distribution
scatterplots
25. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
categorical variable
shifting
68-95-99.7 rule
subset
26. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
outliers
distribution
timeplot
skewed
27. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
shifting
range
random
unimodal
28. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
normal probability plot
treatment
response variable
timeplot
29. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
treatment
intercept
interquartile range
placebo
30. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
histogram
quartile
sample
area principle
31. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
predicted value
matching
leverage
rescaling
32. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
unimodal
parameter
randomized block
context
33. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable
parameter
area principle
bar chart
least squares
34. The number of individuals in a sample
standard normal model
standardized value
level
sample size
35. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
normal probability plot
prospective study
symmetric
slope
36. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it
undercoverage
quartile
population parameter
census
37. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
shape
mean
subset
multistage sample
38. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
simple random sample
r2
normal model
principles of experimental design
39. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
population parameter
case
random assignment
range
40. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
confounded
sampling frame
stratified random sample
predicted value
41. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
sampling frame
normal model
treatment
predicted value
42. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
distribution
mean
intercept
range
43. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
spread
double-blind
shape
form
44. A sample that consists of the entire population
center
distribution
census
voluntary response bias
45. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
conditional distribution
statistic
distribution
simple random sample
46. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
regression to the mean
independence
standardized value
center
47. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
changing center and spread
quantitative variable
standardized value
timeplot
48. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
voluntary response bias
undercoverage
symmetric
simulation component
49. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
normal probability plot
single-blind
level
random assignment
50. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
standardizing
median
randomization
area principle
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