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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






2. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






3. An individual about whom or which we have data






4. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






5. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






6. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






7. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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8. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






9. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






10. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






11. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






12. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






13. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






14. Numerically valued attribute of a model






15. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






16. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






17. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






18. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






19. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






20. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






21. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






22. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






23. Displays data that change over time






24. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






25. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






26. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






27. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






28. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






29. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






30. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






31. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






32. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






33. The ____ we care about most is straight






34. A distribution that's roughly flat






35. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






36. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






37. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






38. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






39. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






40. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






41. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






42. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






43. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






44. Control - randomize - replicate - block






45. Anything in a survey design that influences response






46. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






47. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






48. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






49. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






50. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data