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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






2. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






3. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






4. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






5. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






6. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






7. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






8. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






9. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






10. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






11. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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12. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






13. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






14. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






15. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






16. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






17. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






18. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






19. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






20. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






21. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






22. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






23. The number of individuals in a sample






24. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






25. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






26. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






27. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






28. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






29. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






30. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






31. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






32. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






33. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






34. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






35. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






36. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






37. Anything in a survey design that influences response






38. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






39. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






40. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






41. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






42. Distributions with two modes






43. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






44. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






45. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






46. The difference between the first and third quartiles






47. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






48. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






49. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






50. Displays data that change over time