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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






2. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






3. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






4. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






5. The difference between the first and third quartiles






6. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






7. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






8. The square root of the variance






9. Displays data that change over time






10. Distributions with two modes






11. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






12. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






13. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






14. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






15. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






16. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






17. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






18. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






19. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






20. Control - randomize - replicate - block






21. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






22. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






23. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






24. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






25. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






26. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






27. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






28. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






29. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






30. Summarized with the mean or the median






31. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






32. Numerically valued attribute of a model






33. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






34. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






35. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






36. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






37. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






38. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






39. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






40. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






41. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






42. An individual result of a component of a simulation






43. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






44. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






45. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






46. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






47. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






48. The ____ we care about most is straight






49. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






50. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed