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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






2. Control - randomize - replicate - block






3. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






4. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






5. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






6. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






7. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






8. The difference between the first and third quartiles






9. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






10. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






11. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






12. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






13. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






14. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






15. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






16. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






17. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






18. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






19. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






20. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






21. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






22. An individual result of a component of a simulation






23. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






24. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






25. A distribution that's roughly flat






26. The ____ we care about most is straight






27. Displays data that change over time






28. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






29. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






30. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






31. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






32. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






33. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






34. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






35. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






36. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






37. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






38. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






39. The square root of the variance






40. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






41. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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42. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






43. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






44. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






45. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






46. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






47. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






48. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






49. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






50. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set