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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
normal probability plot
normal percentile
outcome
range
2. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
principles of experimental design
placebo effect
response variable
lurking variable
3. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
population parameter
units
matching
blinding
4. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
shape
frequency table
treatment
confounded
5. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
randomization
unimodal
experiment
simulation
6. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
single-blind
residuals
trial
unimodal
7. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
simpson's paradox
predicted value
convenience sample
scatterplots
8. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
block
experiment
response bias
standardizing
9. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
shifting
sampling variability
re-express data
experimental units
10. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
sample size
response variable
z-score
undercoverage
11. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
skewed
systematic sample
intercept
level
12. An individual result of a component of a simulation
outcome
model
regression to the mean
standard normal model
13. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
conditional distribution
ladder of powers
block
sampling frame
14. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
model
parameter
outcome
confounded
15. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
population
intercept
r2
principles of experimental design
16. Summarized with the mean or the median
center
uniform
residuals
experimental units
17. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
standardized value
prospective study
parameter
dotplot
18. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
data
5-number summary
single-blind
histogram
19. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
randomization
normal percentile
data table
convenience sample
20. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
distribution
context
variance
bar chart
21. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
simpson's paradox
outcome
experimental units
independence
22. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
stratified random sample
control group
model
direction
23. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
frequency table
distribution
variable
simulation component
24. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
experimental units
sample size
bar chart
linear model
25. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
linear model
dotplot
sampling variability
data table
26. A distribution that's roughly flat
principles of experimental design
lurking variable
stratified random sample
uniform
27. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
categorical variable
context
spread
response variable
28. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
area principle
unimodal
normal model
data table
29. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
multimodal
sample survey
experiment
units
30. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
standard normal model
double-blind
dotplot
block
31. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
factor
regression to the mean
sample size
spread
32. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
randomization
stem-and-leaf display
direction
tails
33. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
68-95-99.7 rule
outlier
population parameter
histogram
34. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
influential point
principles of experimental design
randomized block
symmetric
35. A sample that consists of the entire population
outlier
census
comparing distributions
random assignment
36. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
placebo effect
randomized block
model
population parameter
37. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
median
shifting
center
context
38. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
subset
rescaling
outlier
tails
39. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
block
mean
randomization
spread
40. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
influential point
normal model
outlier
standardized value
41. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
timeplot
population parameter
cluster sample
regression to the mean
42. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
matching
statistically significant
comparing distributions
sampling frame
43. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
intercept
rescaling
normal probability plot
control group
44. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
sampling variability
representative
stratified random sample
linear model
45. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
mode
outliers
observational study
systematic sample
46. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
uniform
convenience sample
census
standardizing
47. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
shape
normal percentile
least squares
context
48. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
normal probability plot
blinding
outliers
center
49. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
scatterplots
dotplot
standard deviation
bias
50. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
residuals
interquartile range
completely randomized design
factor