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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






2. The number of individuals in a sample






3. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






4. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






5. The difference between the first and third quartiles






6. The ____ we care about most is straight






7. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






8. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






9. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






10. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






11. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






12. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






13. A distribution that's roughly flat






14. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






15. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






16. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






17. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






18. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






19. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






20. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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21. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






22. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






23. An individual result of a component of a simulation






24. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






25. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






26. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






27. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






28. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






29. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






30. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






31. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






32. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






33. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






34. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






35. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






36. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






37. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






38. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






39. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






40. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






41. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






42. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






43. The square root of the variance






44. Anything in a survey design that influences response






45. Control - randomize - replicate - block






46. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






47. Distributions with two modes






48. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






49. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






50. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded