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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






2. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






3. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






4. Control - randomize - replicate - block






5. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






6. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






7. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






8. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






9. Distributions with two modes






10. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






11. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






12. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






13. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






14. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






15. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






16. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






17. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






18. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






19. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






20. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






21. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






22. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






23. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






24. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






25. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






26. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






27. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






28. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






29. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






30. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






31. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






32. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






33. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






34. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






35. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






36. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






37. Anything in a survey design that influences response






38. The square root of the variance






39. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






40. Numerically valued attribute of a model






41. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






42. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






43. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






44. Distributions with more than two modes






45. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






46. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






47. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






48. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






49. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






50. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population







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