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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
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Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
random
standardizing
multimodal
independence
2. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
least squares
median
experiment
multimodal
3. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable
normal percentile
bar chart
independence
control group
4. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
mode
outliers
shifting
cluster sample
5. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
outlier
skewed
standardized value
units
6. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
variable
correlation
symmetric
standardizing
7. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
linear model
normal model
center
boxplot
8. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
convenience sample
factor
random
voluntary response bias
9. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
unimodal
scatterplots
sampling frame
shifting
10. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
subset
outlier
r2
completely randomized design
11. The number of individuals in a sample
double-blind
sample size
histogram
z-score
12. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
random assignment
units
predicted value
nonresponse bias
13. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population
placebo effect
experiment
68-95-99.7 rule
sample
14. An individual about whom or which we have data
census
case
random assignment
response bias
15. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
r2
lurking variable
random numbers
distribution
16. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
factor
range
normal percentile
variable
17. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
histogram
marginal distribution
z-score
data
18. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
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19. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
statistic
outliers
bimodal
standardized value
20. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
bar chart
subset
marginal distribution
outlier
21. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
correlation
regression to the mean
tails
systematic sample
22. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
factor
statistically significant
5-number summary
statistic
23. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ
least squares
representative
sampling variability
random
24. Distributions with more than two modes
data table
influential point
pie chart
multimodal
25. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
single-blind
placebo effect
lurking variable
area principle
26. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
z-score
sample survey
unimodal
sampling frame
27. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
quantitative variable
standard normal model
level
68-95-99.7 rule
28. Anything in a survey design that influences response
simple random sample
marginal distribution
response bias
changing center and spread
29. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
single-blind
outlier
variance
shifting
30. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
frequency table
sample survey
random assignment
parameter
31. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
skewed
extrapolation
contingency table
simple random sample
32. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
data
placebo
outlier
standard normal model
33. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
conditional distribution
categorical variable
sample size
statistic
34. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
experimental units
marginal distribution
multistage sample
interquartile range
35. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
correlation
experiment
context
systematic sample
36. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
parameter
observational study
strength
sampling variability
37. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
sample survey
categorical variable
subset
direction
38. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
simulation component
residuals
convenience sample
least squares
39. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
level
simulation
regression line
blinding
40. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
normal percentile
bias
representative
context
41. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
mode
area principle
frequency table
treatment
42. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
lurking variable
dotplot
block
completely randomized design
43. Control - randomize - replicate - block
principles of experimental design
randomized block
factor
spread
44. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data
lurking variable
bias
spread
outliers
45. Displays data that change over time
timeplot
random numbers
standardized value
systematic sample
46. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
principles of experimental design
predicted value
lurking variable
data table
47. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
cluster sample
block
outlier
sample survey
48. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
retrospective study
outlier
ladder of powers
direction
49. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
subset
distribution
correlation
symmetric
50. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
double-blind
re-express data
sample size
cluster sample
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