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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






2. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






3. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






4. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






5. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






6. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






7. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






8. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






9. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






10. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






11. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






12. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






13. The difference between the first and third quartiles






14. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






15. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






16. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






17. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






18. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






19. Displays data that change over time






20. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






21. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






22. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






23. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






24. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






25. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






26. The number of individuals in a sample






27. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






28. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






29. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






30. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






31. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






32. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






33. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






34. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






35. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






36. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






37. Anything in a survey design that influences response






38. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






39. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






40. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






41. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






42. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






43. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






44. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






45. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






46. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






47. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






48. A distribution that's roughly flat






49. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






50. Distributions with more than two modes