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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






2. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






3. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






4. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






5. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






6. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






7. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






8. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






9. Numerically valued attribute of a model






10. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






11. A distribution that's roughly flat






12. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






13. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






14. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






15. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






16. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






17. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






18. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






19. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






20. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






21. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






22. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






23. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






24. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






25. Displays data that change over time






26. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






27. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






28. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






29. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






30. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






31. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






32. An individual about whom or which we have data






33. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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34. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






35. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






36. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






37. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






38. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






39. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






40. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






41. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






42. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






43. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






44. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






45. The difference between the first and third quartiles






46. An individual result of a component of a simulation






47. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






48. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






49. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






50. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals