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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






2. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






3. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






4. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






5. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






6. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






7. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






8. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






9. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






10. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






11. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






12. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






13. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






14. A sample that consists of the entire population






15. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






16. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






17. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






18. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






19. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






20. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






21. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






22. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






23. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






24. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






25. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






26. Control - randomize - replicate - block






27. The number of individuals in a sample






28. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






29. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






30. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






31. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






32. The square root of the variance






33. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






34. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






35. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






36. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






37. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






38. Distributions with two modes






39. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






40. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






41. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






42. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






43. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






44. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






45. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






46. Anything in a survey design that influences response






47. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






48. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






49. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






50. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally