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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






2. A sample that consists of the entire population






3. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






4. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






5. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






6. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






7. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






8. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






9. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






10. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






11. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






12. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






13. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






14. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






15. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






16. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






17. The ____ we care about most is straight






18. Numerically valued attribute of a model






19. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






20. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






21. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






22. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






23. Distributions with more than two modes






24. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






25. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






26. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






27. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






28. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






29. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






30. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






31. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






32. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






33. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






34. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






35. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






36. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






37. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






38. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






39. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






40. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






41. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






42. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






43. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






44. The difference between the first and third quartiles






45. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






46. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






47. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






48. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






49. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






50. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition