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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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2. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






3. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






4. The ____ we care about most is straight






5. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






6. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






7. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






8. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






9. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






10. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






11. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






12. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






13. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






14. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






15. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






16. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






17. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






18. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






19. An individual result of a component of a simulation






20. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






21. An individual about whom or which we have data






22. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






23. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






24. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






25. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






26. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






27. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






28. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






29. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






30. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






31. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






32. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






33. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






34. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






35. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






36. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






37. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






38. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






39. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






40. Distributions with more than two modes






41. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






42. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






43. A sample that consists of the entire population






44. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






45. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






46. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






47. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






48. A distribution that's roughly flat






49. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






50. Design Randomization occurring within blocks