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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






2. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






3. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






4. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






5. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






6. Summarized with the mean or the median






7. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






8. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






9. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






10. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






11. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






12. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






13. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






14. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






15. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






16. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






17. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






18. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






19. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






20. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






21. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






22. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






23. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






24. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






25. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






26. Numerically valued attribute of a model






27. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






28. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






29. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






30. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






31. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






32. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






33. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






34. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






35. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






36. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






37. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






38. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






39. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






40. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






41. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






42. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






43. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






44. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






45. The difference between the first and third quartiles






46. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






47. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






48. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






49. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






50. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set