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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Numerically valued attribute of a model
standard deviation
leverage
parameter
contingency table
2. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
dotplot
simulation
matched
bias
3. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
least squares
response bias
random
changing center and spread
4. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
experimental units
sample size
center
double-blind
5. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
residuals
placebo effect
conditional distribution
simple random sample
6. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
parameter
matched
spread
intercept
7. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
units
shifting
boxplot
randomization
8. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
representative
dotplot
treatment
conditional distribution
9. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
population parameter
statistically significant
subset
independence
10. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
stem-and-leaf display
correlation
shifting
distribution
11. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
sampling frame
shape
units
skewed
12. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
prospective study
marginal distribution
experimental units
confounded
13. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
ladder of powers
mode
bias
bar chart
14. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
prospective study
range
case
context
15. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
simple random sample
68-95-99.7 rule
slope
rescaling
16. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
outlier
linear model
block
distribution
17. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
shape
scatterplots
sampling frame
nonresponse bias
18. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
randomized block
experimental units
case
stratified random sample
19. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
response variable
standard normal model
normal percentile
mode
20. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
block
distribution
statistically significant
influential point
21. The square root of the variance
lurking variable
68-95-99.7 rule
block
standard deviation
22. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
boxplot
normal probability plot
population
comparing distributions
23. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
retrospective study
simulation
range
response bias
24. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
data
comparing distributions
random
spread
25. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
standardized value
voluntary response bias
normal model
leverage
26. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
ladder of powers
confounded
nonresponse bias
principles of experimental design
27. The number of individuals in a sample
experimental units
ladder of powers
sample size
trial
28. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
sample survey
population
response variable
form
29. Displays data that change over time
timeplot
bar chart
experimental units
trial
30. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
influential point
scatterplots
multimodal
observational study
31. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
median
standardized value
voluntary response bias
interquartile range
32. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
outlier
regression to the mean
center
shifting
33. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
normal probability plot
undercoverage
context
voluntary response bias
34. The ____ we care about most is straight
tails
block
form
observational study
35. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
strength
subset
multimodal
simpson's paradox
36. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
spread
units
systematic sample
scatterplots
37. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
response variable
representative
conditional distribution
stratified random sample
38. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
random
simulation
quantitative variable
single-blind
39. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
influential point
boxplot
experiment
strength
40. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
population parameter
uniform
tails
stratified random sample
41. Control - randomize - replicate - block
blinding
random
principles of experimental design
outcome
42. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum
stratified random sample
simpson's paradox
pie chart
symmetric
43. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
random assignment
timeplot
completely randomized design
standard deviation
44. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
placebo
linear model
extrapolation
subset
45. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
histogram
simple random sample
residuals
stratified random sample
46. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units
changing center and spread
trial
voluntary response bias
simpson's paradox
47. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
simulation component
double-blind
direction
standardized value
48. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
completely randomized design
factor
census
spread
49. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
retrospective study
regression to the mean
area principle
ladder of powers
50. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
rescaling
bar chart
sample survey
sampling frame