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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






2. An individual about whom or which we have data






3. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






4. Displays data that change over time






5. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






6. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






7. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






8. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






9. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






10. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






11. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






12. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






13. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






14. A sample that consists of the entire population






15. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






16. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






17. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






18. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






19. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






20. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






21. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






22. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






23. The square root of the variance






24. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






25. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






26. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






27. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






28. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






29. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






30. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






31. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






32. A distribution that's roughly flat






33. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






34. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






35. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






36. The number of individuals in a sample






37. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






38. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






39. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






40. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






41. The difference between the first and third quartiles






42. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






43. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






44. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






45. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






46. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






47. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






48. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






49. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






50. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn