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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






2. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






3. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






4. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






5. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






6. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






7. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






8. Distributions with two modes






9. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






10. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






11. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






12. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






13. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






14. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






15. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






16. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






17. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






18. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






19. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






20. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






21. The number of individuals in a sample






22. Distributions with more than two modes






23. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






24. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






25. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






26. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






27. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






28. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






29. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






30. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






31. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






32. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






33. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






34. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






35. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






36. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






37. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






38. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






39. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






40. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






41. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






42. Summarized with the mean or the median






43. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






44. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






45. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






46. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






47. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






48. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






49. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






50. Anything in a survey design that influences response