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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sample that consists of the entire population






2. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






3. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






4. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






5. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






6. The number of individuals in a sample






7. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






8. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






9. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






10. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






11. Distributions with two modes






12. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






13. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






14. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






15. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






16. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






17. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






18. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






19. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






20. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






21. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






22. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






23. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






24. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






25. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






26. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






27. The difference between the first and third quartiles






28. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






29. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






30. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






31. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






32. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






33. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






34. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






35. The ____ we care about most is straight






36. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






37. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






38. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






39. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






40. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






41. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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42. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






43. Numerically valued attribute of a model






44. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






45. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






46. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






47. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






48. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






49. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






50. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection