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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
lurking variable
shape
pie chart
systematic sample
2. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
normal percentile
undercoverage
lurking variable
population parameter
3. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
context
random
variable
nonresponse bias
4. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
parameter
simulation
skewed
case
5. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
standardized value
predicted value
changing center and spread
statistically significant
6. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
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7. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
distribution
standardized value
trial
observational study
8. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
scatterplots
trial
factor
regression line
9. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
normal percentile
correlation
regression to the mean
voluntary response bias
10. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
sample
extrapolation
median
matched
11. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
center
marginal distribution
timeplot
comparing distributions
12. Numerically valued attribute of a model
model
skewed
bar chart
parameter
13. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
boxplot
simple random sample
bar chart
bimodal
14. The ____ we care about most is straight
form
center
strength
sample size
15. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
treatment
undercoverage
re-express data
random numbers
16. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
retrospective study
blinding
random numbers
cluster sample
17. An individual result of a component of a simulation
control group
outcome
undercoverage
principles of experimental design
18. The difference between the first and third quartiles
simpson's paradox
interquartile range
distribution
convenience sample
19. The square root of the variance
stratified random sample
standard deviation
regression to the mean
subset
20. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
prospective study
intercept
statistically significant
treatment
21. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
quartile
unimodal
lurking variable
variance
22. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
response
stratified random sample
statistically significant
strength
23. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
sample survey
spread
quartile
direction
24. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
standardizing
double-blind
re-express data
form
25. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
sampling frame
case
quartile
residuals
26. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
symmetric
outlier
scatterplots
randomized block
27. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
mean
normal percentile
sampling variability
multimodal
28. Distributions with more than two modes
multimodal
uniform
stratified random sample
statistically significant
29. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
5-number summary
statistic
center
scatterplots
30. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
population parameter
unimodal
bar chart
blinding
31. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
statistic
leverage
principles of experimental design
observational study
32. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
stem-and-leaf display
leverage
bimodal
trial
33. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
control group
contingency table
shape
random assignment
34. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
nonresponse bias
placebo effect
standard normal model
random numbers
35. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
regression to the mean
median
experimental units
rescaling
36. An individual about whom or which we have data
case
variance
standard normal model
block
37. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
comparing distributions
normal model
retrospective study
shape
38. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units
experimental units
changing center and spread
response variable
pie chart
39. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
sample size
distribution
tails
outlier
40. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
outlier
quartile
population parameter
voluntary response bias
41. The number of individuals in a sample
simple random sample
sample size
scatterplots
extrapolation
42. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
outcome
symmetric
outlier
timeplot
43. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
sampling frame
contingency table
representative
residuals
44. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
data
representative
cluster sample
spread
45. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
bias
shape
response variable
experiment
46. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it
simulation
outlier
quartile
simpson's paradox
47. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
intercept
mean
direction
categorical variable
48. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
comparing distributions
percentile
regression line
block
49. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
experiment
center
interquartile range
scatterplots
50. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
correlation
response variable
influential point
matched