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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






2. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






3. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






4. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






5. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






6. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






7. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






8. The square root of the variance






9. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






10. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






11. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






12. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






13. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






14. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






15. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






16. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






17. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






18. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






19. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






20. Displays data that change over time






21. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






22. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






23. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






24. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






25. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






26. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






27. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






28. An individual result of a component of a simulation






29. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






30. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






31. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






32. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






33. An individual about whom or which we have data






34. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






35. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






36. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






37. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






38. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






39. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






40. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






41. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






42. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






43. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






44. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






45. A distribution that's roughly flat






46. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






47. Anything in a survey design that influences response






48. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






49. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






50. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo