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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
model
simple random sample
variable
randomization
2. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
standard deviation
correlation
rescaling
form
3. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
confounded
systematic sample
nonresponse bias
linear model
4. The difference between the first and third quartiles
systematic sample
random
bimodal
interquartile range
5. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
cluster sample
lurking variable
response variable
simple random sample
6. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
population
influential point
stem-and-leaf display
bar chart
7. Anything in a survey design that influences response
response bias
convenience sample
sample size
prospective study
8. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
sample survey
center
experimental units
double-blind
9. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
normal percentile
marginal distribution
representative
units
10. The number of individuals in a sample
undercoverage
response variable
re-express data
sample size
11. Distributions with two modes
influential point
bimodal
frequency table
uniform
12. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
data
response
ladder of powers
outlier
13. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
data table
retrospective study
residuals
spread
14. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
experiment
population parameter
least squares
multistage sample
15. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
completely randomized design
single-blind
placebo effect
regression to the mean
16. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
rescaling
normal model
trial
response variable
17. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
frequency table
experiment
68-95-99.7 rule
bias
18. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
voluntary response bias
comparing distributions
quantitative variable
range
19. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
sample survey
trial
data
mode
20. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
contingency table
completely randomized design
stem-and-leaf display
quartile
21. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
multistage sample
simulation
confounded
rescaling
22. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it
z-score
cluster sample
random assignment
quartile
23. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
stratified random sample
variable
standardizing
response
24. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
multimodal
standardizing
response variable
subset
25. An individual about whom or which we have data
mode
context
percentile
case
26. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
ladder of powers
sample size
uniform
unimodal
27. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
outlier
sampling variability
z-score
marginal distribution
28. Distributions with more than two modes
multimodal
model
trial
scatterplots
29. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
statistically significant
bias
bimodal
simple random sample
30. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
stratified random sample
median
histogram
regression line
31. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
re-express data
categorical variable
double-blind
variable
32. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
response variable
simulation component
r2
standard normal model
33. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
variable
strength
lurking variable
level
34. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
normal percentile
shape
unimodal
factor
35. Control - randomize - replicate - block
skewed
normal percentile
principles of experimental design
regression line
36. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
mode
observational study
lurking variable
histogram
37. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
outcome
center
regression to the mean
variance
38. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
trial
r2
normal probability plot
outlier
39. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
strength
changing center and spread
random
retrospective study
40. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
area principle
5-number summary
simulation
outlier
41. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
matched
uniform
extrapolation
timeplot
42. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
shifting
ladder of powers
changing center and spread
principles of experimental design
43. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
mode
strength
representative
undercoverage
44. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
frequency table
area principle
response
simulation component
45. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
tails
prospective study
subset
randomization
46. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random
completely randomized design
center
simulation component
double-blind
47. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
5-number summary
bias
control group
direction
48. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
form
block
random assignment
uniform
49. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
quantitative variable
symmetric
frequency table
data table
50. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data
pie chart
outliers
matching
single-blind