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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






2. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






3. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






4. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






5. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






6. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






7. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






8. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






9. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






10. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






11. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






12. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






13. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






14. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






15. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






16. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






17. The number of individuals in a sample






18. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






19. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






20. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






21. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






22. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






23. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






24. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






25. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






26. Summarized with the mean or the median






27. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






28. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






29. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






30. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






31. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






32. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






33. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






34. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






35. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






36. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






37. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






38. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






39. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






40. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






41. An individual about whom or which we have data






42. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






43. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






44. An individual result of a component of a simulation






45. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






46. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






47. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






48. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






49. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






50. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units