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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
control group
standardizing
regression to the mean
units
2. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
spread
matched
simulation component
bias
3. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
placebo effect
quantitative variable
influential point
model
4. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
spread
systematic sample
experiment
context
5. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
spread
subset
stem-and-leaf display
randomized block
6. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
skewed
simpson's paradox
statistically significant
convenience sample
7. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
experiment
normal percentile
linear model
symmetric
8. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
representative
random numbers
data
comparing distributions
9. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
lurking variable
multistage sample
predicted value
distribution
10. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
distribution
r2
lurking variable
comparing distributions
11. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
bar chart
quartile
strength
influential point
12. Numerically valued attribute of a model
center
level
uniform
parameter
13. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
shape
rescaling
population parameter
outlier
14. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
least squares
marginal distribution
r2
stem-and-leaf display
15. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
rescaling
mode
response
block
16. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
completely randomized design
standardized value
correlation
mode
17. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
observational study
independence
nonresponse bias
control group
18. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data
outliers
subset
sample size
marginal distribution
19. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
slope
statistically significant
simulation component
variance
20. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
bias
experiment
simpson's paradox
control group
21. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
extrapolation
range
case
placebo effect
22. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
principles of experimental design
mean
5-number summary
simulation component
23. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
experiment
frequency table
placebo
blinding
24. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
pie chart
bimodal
normal probability plot
standardizing
25. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
retrospective study
spread
bar chart
cluster sample
26. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
data table
control group
correlation
regression line
27. Control - randomize - replicate - block
interquartile range
principles of experimental design
representative
5-number summary
28. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
sample survey
case
shifting
range
29. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
sample
context
trial
observational study
30. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
cluster sample
independence
blinding
re-express data
31. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
linear model
factor
response
lurking variable
32. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
convenience sample
form
data table
68-95-99.7 rule
33. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable
statistically significant
population parameter
bar chart
outcome
34. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
representative
categorical variable
leverage
quantitative variable
35. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
center
correlation
response variable
bias
36. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
strength
response bias
undercoverage
outcome
37. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
leverage
statistically significant
outlier
placebo effect
38. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
percentile
conditional distribution
experimental units
distribution
39. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
marginal distribution
prospective study
predicted value
factor
40. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
random
mode
representative
r2
41. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
variable
standard normal model
multistage sample
population
42. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
randomized block
units
prospective study
population
43. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
bias
normal percentile
completely randomized design
random numbers
44. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
predicted value
tails
comparing distributions
skewed
45. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
data table
quantitative variable
residuals
trial
46. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
categorical variable
factor
population parameter
double-blind
47. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
placebo effect
statistically significant
undercoverage
strength
48. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
cluster sample
least squares
sample survey
sample size
49. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
units
spread
normal percentile
re-express data
50. A sample that consists of the entire population
census
data table
matching
model