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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Distributions with more than two modes
simple random sample
multimodal
independence
census
2. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
tails
spread
ladder of powers
range
3. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
z-score
standardized value
interquartile range
marginal distribution
4. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
lurking variable
blinding
center
prospective study
5. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
principles of experimental design
ladder of powers
randomized block
multimodal
6. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum
data table
stratified random sample
parameter
population
7. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
statistic
extrapolation
spread
5-number summary
8. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
lurking variable
dotplot
census
placebo effect
9. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
normal percentile
mode
subset
sample size
10. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
sample survey
factor
random numbers
blinding
11. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
leverage
uniform
marginal distribution
control group
12. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
normal percentile
range
residuals
double-blind
13. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
frequency table
units
re-express data
observational study
14. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
population
5-number summary
simulation
block
15. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
interquartile range
randomized block
placebo effect
blinding
16. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
statistic
categorical variable
simulation
dotplot
17. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
categorical variable
conditional distribution
ladder of powers
distribution
18. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
frequency table
percentile
interquartile range
completely randomized design
19. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
uniform
shifting
outlier
single-blind
20. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
standardized value
randomized block
mode
population parameter
21. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
ladder of powers
context
response
matching
22. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
frequency table
leverage
standard normal model
outlier
23. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
stratified random sample
standard deviation
quantitative variable
representative
24. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
case
random numbers
conditional distribution
random
25. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
percentile
level
z-score
matching
26. A distribution that's roughly flat
tails
uniform
shape
random numbers
27. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
convenience sample
random numbers
timeplot
experiment
28. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
statistically significant
lurking variable
spread
range
29. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
single-blind
area principle
random
re-express data
30. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
unimodal
interquartile range
subset
distribution
31. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
response
unimodal
form
blinding
32. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population
census
sample
unimodal
simulation component
33. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
matched
quantitative variable
prospective study
68-95-99.7 rule
34. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
mean
outlier
68-95-99.7 rule
center
35. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
subset
population
prospective study
variance
36. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
census
shape
bias
standardizing
37. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
dotplot
matching
outlier
normal probability plot
38. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
shape
block
strength
normal model
39. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
re-express data
spread
simple random sample
least squares
40. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
percentile
scatterplots
outcome
distribution
41. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
regression to the mean
sampling variability
boxplot
intercept
42. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
double-blind
sample survey
random assignment
statistically significant
43. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
outlier
68-95-99.7 rule
frequency table
rescaling
44. Displays data that change over time
parameter
pie chart
center
timeplot
45. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
slope
statistic
matching
variance
46. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
least squares
dotplot
observational study
predicted value
47. Control - randomize - replicate - block
bias
principles of experimental design
outlier
standard normal model
48. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
confounded
matched
leverage
median
49. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
variable
standard deviation
lurking variable
correlation
50. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
tails
response
center
parameter