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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






2. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






3. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






4. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






5. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






6. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






7. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






8. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






9. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






10. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






11. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






12. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






13. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






14. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






15. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






16. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






17. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






18. The difference between the first and third quartiles






19. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






20. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






21. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






22. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






23. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






24. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






25. Anything in a survey design that influences response






26. A distribution that's roughly flat






27. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






28. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






29. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






30. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






31. The ____ we care about most is straight






32. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






33. Numerically valued attribute of a model






34. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






35. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






36. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






37. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






38. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






39. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






40. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






41. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






42. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






43. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






44. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






45. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






46. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






47. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






48. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






49. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






50. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____







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