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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
voluntary response bias
statistic
tails
cluster sample
2. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ
nonresponse bias
double-blind
interquartile range
sampling variability
3. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
observational study
histogram
matching
spread
4. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
center
standardized value
undercoverage
correlation
5. A sample that consists of the entire population
variable
comparing distributions
census
correlation
6. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units
changing center and spread
z-score
normal percentile
placebo
7. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
sampling frame
z-score
simpson's paradox
placebo effect
8. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
statistically significant
placebo
subset
regression line
9. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
frequency table
distribution
factor
categorical variable
10. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
slope
population parameter
quantitative variable
z-score
11. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
matched
median
ladder of powers
principles of experimental design
12. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
subset
prospective study
response bias
area principle
13. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
strength
nonresponse bias
model
regression to the mean
14. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
randomization
experiment
factor
histogram
15. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
conditional distribution
single-blind
interquartile range
68-95-99.7 rule
16. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
mode
data
nonresponse bias
prospective study
17. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
stem-and-leaf display
level
simulation component
placebo
18. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
multistage sample
blinding
lurking variable
population
19. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
subset
lurking variable
experimental units
changing center and spread
20. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random
bar chart
census
simulation component
mean
21. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
completely randomized design
dotplot
randomized block
trial
22. A distribution that's roughly flat
uniform
sampling variability
variance
case
23. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
multistage sample
placebo
randomization
variance
24. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
representative
trial
contingency table
scatterplots
25. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
simulation component
conditional distribution
normal percentile
random
26. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
lurking variable
population
r2
voluntary response bias
27. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
simpson's paradox
units
data
pie chart
28. Distributions with more than two modes
data
center
sampling variability
multimodal
29. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
level
marginal distribution
independence
systematic sample
30. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
retrospective study
strength
symmetric
block
31. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
changing center and spread
standard deviation
intercept
random
32. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
boxplot
z-score
area principle
leverage
33. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
block
principles of experimental design
predicted value
median
34. The ____ we care about most is straight
interquartile range
shape
form
observational study
35. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
frequency table
control group
response variable
pie chart
36. Distributions with two modes
predicted value
trial
bimodal
random assignment
37. Summarized with the mean or the median
control group
center
confounded
blinding
38. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
prospective study
percentile
sampling frame
least squares
39. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
histogram
variance
blinding
extrapolation
40. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
ladder of powers
least squares
single-blind
categorical variable
41. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
comparing distributions
nonresponse bias
5-number summary
r2
42. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
random assignment
standardized value
regression line
normal model
43. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
pie chart
response variable
sampling variability
spread
44. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
retrospective study
control group
undercoverage
percentile
45. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
influential point
parameter
regression line
single-blind
46. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
placebo
randomization
spread
cluster sample
47. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
experiment
strength
matching
stratified random sample
48. The square root of the variance
multistage sample
level
randomization
standard deviation
49. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
bias
quartile
prospective study
nonresponse bias
50. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
normal model
parameter
outcome
bias