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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






2. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






3. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






4. Distributions with two modes






5. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






6. The square root of the variance






7. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






8. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






9. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






10. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






11. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






12. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






13. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






14. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






15. Numerically valued attribute of a model






16. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






17. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






18. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






19. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






20. A distribution that's roughly flat






21. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






22. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






23. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






24. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






25. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






26. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






27. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






28. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






29. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






30. The difference between the first and third quartiles






31. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






32. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






33. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






34. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






35. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






36. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






37. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






38. Distributions with more than two modes






39. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






40. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






41. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






42. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






43. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






44. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






45. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






46. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






47. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






48. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






49. A sample that consists of the entire population






50. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen