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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






2. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






3. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






4. The number of individuals in a sample






5. Distributions with more than two modes






6. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






7. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






8. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






9. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






10. The square root of the variance






11. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






12. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






13. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






14. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






15. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






16. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






17. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






18. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






19. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






20. A sample that consists of the entire population






21. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






22. The ____ we care about most is straight






23. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






24. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






25. A distribution that's roughly flat






26. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






27. Summarized with the mean or the median






28. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






29. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






30. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






31. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






32. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






33. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






34. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






35. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






36. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






37. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






38. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






39. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






40. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






41. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






42. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






43. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






44. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






45. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






46. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






47. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






48. Displays data that change over time






49. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






50. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn