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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An individual result of a component of a simulation






2. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






3. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






4. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






5. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






6. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






7. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






8. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






9. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






10. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






11. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






12. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






13. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






14. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






15. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






16. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






17. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






18. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






19. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






20. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






21. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






22. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






23. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






24. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






25. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






26. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






27. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






28. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






29. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






30. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






31. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






32. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






33. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






34. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






35. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






36. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






37. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






38. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






39. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






40. A distribution that's roughly flat






41. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






42. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






43. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






44. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






45. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






46. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






47. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






48. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






49. The square root of the variance






50. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random