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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
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Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
comparing distributions
percentile
correlation
r2
2. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
leverage
skewed
statistic
bar chart
3. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
center
convenience sample
voluntary response bias
shape
4. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
normal percentile
bias
convenience sample
lurking variable
5. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
sampling variability
spread
experimental units
z-score
6. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
rescaling
z-score
outcome
stem-and-leaf display
7. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
observational study
predicted value
strength
slope
8. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
boxplot
5-number summary
correlation
mean
9. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
scatterplots
categorical variable
response
area principle
10. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
matching
leverage
histogram
quantitative variable
11. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
standard normal model
independence
parameter
multistage sample
12. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
histogram
lurking variable
confounded
least squares
13. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
shape
case
outlier
boxplot
14. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
bias
random
placebo
trial
15. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
multistage sample
factor
quantitative variable
simulation
16. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
subset
mode
standard normal model
sampling variability
17. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
block
frequency table
context
z-score
18. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
slope
spread
tails
data
19. Numerically valued attribute of a model
parameter
bias
sampling variability
pie chart
20. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
unimodal
double-blind
subset
random numbers
21. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
placebo effect
distribution
re-express data
treatment
22. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
changing center and spread
5-number summary
area principle
sample size
23. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
direction
trial
distribution
r2
24. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
mode
symmetric
matched
form
25. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
center
trial
pie chart
population
26. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
placebo
convenience sample
outcome
normal model
27. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
area principle
regression line
r2
median
28. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
systematic sample
bias
normal model
blinding
29. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
r2
simpson's paradox
sample survey
statistically significant
30. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
dotplot
rescaling
re-express data
random
31. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
regression line
single-blind
blinding
ladder of powers
32. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
marginal distribution
double-blind
lurking variable
categorical variable
33. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
mode
scatterplots
ladder of powers
frequency table
34. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
predicted value
outliers
treatment
matching
35. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
marginal distribution
range
sampling variability
placebo
36. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
response
randomization
nonresponse bias
unimodal
37. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
pie chart
center
distribution
population
38. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
leverage
normal model
variable
scatterplots
39. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
direction
matched
model
frequency table
40. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
timeplot
distribution
single-blind
normal model
41. The ____ we care about most is straight
influential point
form
standardizing
frequency table
42. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
simpson's paradox
response variable
treatment
simulation
43. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random
undercoverage
simulation component
sample survey
multimodal
44. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
cluster sample
factor
standardizing
spread
45. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units
changing center and spread
shifting
range
response bias
46. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
spread
center
stem-and-leaf display
subset
47. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
observational study
symmetric
population parameter
convenience sample
48. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
double-blind
lurking variable
bias
level
49. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
area principle
residuals
comparing distributions
regression to the mean
50. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
undercoverage
prospective study
outliers
convenience sample
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