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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
principles of experimental design
mode
center
outlier
2. A sample that consists of the entire population
pie chart
units
census
skewed
3. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
subset
standardizing
regression line
placebo effect
4. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
68-95-99.7 rule
level
influential point
spread
5. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
standardized value
distribution
leverage
random numbers
6. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
r2
frequency table
residuals
bimodal
7. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
experimental units
categorical variable
quantitative variable
random
8. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
ladder of powers
single-blind
uniform
standardizing
9. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
quantitative variable
random numbers
lurking variable
case
10. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
random assignment
sampling frame
cluster sample
skewed
11. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
dotplot
skewed
model
simulation
12. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
frequency table
median
parameter
representative
13. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
contingency table
bimodal
least squares
data
14. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
nonresponse bias
undercoverage
ladder of powers
slope
15. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
undercoverage
correlation
simple random sample
retrospective study
16. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
standardized value
spread
histogram
quantitative variable
17. The ____ we care about most is straight
undercoverage
form
case
residuals
18. Numerically valued attribute of a model
marginal distribution
parameter
tails
response variable
19. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
control group
observational study
spread
data
20. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
stratified random sample
68-95-99.7 rule
undercoverage
variable
21. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
multistage sample
treatment
placebo
single-blind
22. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
simpson's paradox
least squares
histogram
form
23. Distributions with more than two modes
multimodal
random assignment
tails
matching
24. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
boxplot
simple random sample
linear model
nonresponse bias
25. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
subset
stem-and-leaf display
linear model
population
26. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
range
confounded
strength
case
27. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it
extrapolation
shape
standardizing
quartile
28. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
spread
outliers
contingency table
experiment
29. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
normal probability plot
median
outliers
confounded
30. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
sampling frame
random assignment
principles of experimental design
timeplot
31. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
form
context
double-blind
percentile
32. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
residuals
categorical variable
independence
symmetric
33. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
r2
independence
experimental units
frequency table
34. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
sample survey
response variable
cluster sample
multimodal
35. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
variance
shifting
matching
outlier
36. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
68-95-99.7 rule
random numbers
bimodal
boxplot
37. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
independence
skewed
percentile
contingency table
38. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
spread
voluntary response bias
stratified random sample
treatment
39. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
observational study
quantitative variable
independence
control group
40. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random
simulation component
center
treatment
standardized value
41. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
sampling frame
experimental units
marginal distribution
matching
42. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
normal probability plot
pie chart
shifting
extrapolation
43. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
statistically significant
68-95-99.7 rule
predicted value
simulation component
44. The difference between the first and third quartiles
control group
interquartile range
response bias
case
45. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
5-number summary
nonresponse bias
trial
simple random sample
46. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
experiment
spread
standard deviation
influential point
47. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
direction
center
median
5-number summary
48. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
census
multistage sample
z-score
dotplot
49. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
units
dotplot
randomization
completely randomized design
50. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
model
residuals
shifting
normal probability plot