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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






2. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






3. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






4. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






5. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






6. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






7. An individual result of a component of a simulation






8. Numerically valued attribute of a model






9. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






10. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






11. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






12. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






13. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






14. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






15. The square root of the variance






16. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






17. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






18. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






19. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






20. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






21. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






22. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






23. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






24. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






25. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






26. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






27. Control - randomize - replicate - block






28. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






29. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






30. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






31. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






32. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






33. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






34. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






35. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






36. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






37. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






38. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






39. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






40. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






41. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






42. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






43. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






44. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






45. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






46. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






47. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






48. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






49. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






50. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn