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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






2. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






3. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






4. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






5. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






6. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






7. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






8. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






9. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






10. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






11. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






12. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






13. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






14. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






15. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






16. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






17. An individual about whom or which we have data






18. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






19. Control - randomize - replicate - block






20. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






21. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






22. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






23. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






24. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






25. An individual result of a component of a simulation






26. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






27. Anything in a survey design that influences response






28. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






29. Numerically valued attribute of a model






30. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






31. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






32. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






33. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






34. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






35. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






36. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






37. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






38. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






39. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






40. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






41. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






42. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






43. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






44. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






45. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






46. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






47. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






48. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






49. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






50. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population