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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Summarized with the mean or the median
normal model
simulation
center
voluntary response bias
2. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
outlier
single-blind
boxplot
direction
3. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
z-score
tails
percentile
variance
4. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
marginal distribution
rescaling
trial
outlier
5. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
single-blind
changing center and spread
median
contingency table
6. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
spread
stem-and-leaf display
conditional distribution
variable
7. The ____ we care about most is straight
experimental units
form
5-number summary
z-score
8. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
distribution
histogram
rescaling
trial
9. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
completely randomized design
variance
standardized value
randomized block
10. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
standard deviation
quantitative variable
extrapolation
statistic
11. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
convenience sample
pie chart
confounded
regression line
12. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
double-blind
spread
placebo
linear model
13. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
68-95-99.7 rule
lurking variable
least squares
outliers
14. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum
stratified random sample
treatment
independence
simulation component
15. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
outlier
independence
sample survey
context
16. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
double-blind
symmetric
context
random numbers
17. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
mean
correlation
block
least squares
18. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
double-blind
systematic sample
blinding
quantitative variable
19. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
quantitative variable
subset
stem-and-leaf display
contingency table
20. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
least squares
quartile
matched
bar chart
21. Numerically valued attribute of a model
shape
parameter
experiment
random assignment
22. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
linear model
least squares
independence
leverage
23. The difference between the first and third quartiles
interquartile range
placebo
least squares
uniform
24. Displays data that change over time
variance
timeplot
nonresponse bias
variable
25. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
linear model
strength
r2
population
26. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
stem-and-leaf display
outliers
principles of experimental design
standardized value
27. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
tails
symmetric
range
nonresponse bias
28. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
extrapolation
randomization
randomized block
conditional distribution
29. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
percentile
response variable
retrospective study
mode
30. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
intercept
leverage
bias
systematic sample
31. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
randomized block
5-number summary
correlation
census
32. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
unimodal
simulation component
confounded
outlier
33. An individual about whom or which we have data
outlier
placebo
case
bimodal
34. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
re-express data
outlier
outliers
outcome
35. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
convenience sample
lurking variable
voluntary response bias
placebo
36. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
multistage sample
interquartile range
shape
center
37. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
bias
intercept
simulation
median
38. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
area principle
intercept
outcome
units
39. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
spread
simple random sample
standardizing
randomization
40. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
convenience sample
subset
distribution
68-95-99.7 rule
41. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
experimental units
cluster sample
linear model
units
42. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
data
placebo
context
scatterplots
43. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
conditional distribution
influential point
regression line
voluntary response bias
44. Control - randomize - replicate - block
skewed
spread
principles of experimental design
tails
45. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
center
z-score
single-blind
prospective study
46. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it
quartile
shifting
correlation
ladder of powers
47. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
scatterplots
strength
unimodal
mode
48. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
factor
histogram
standardized value
experiment
49. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
standard normal model
simulation
pie chart
response
50. A sample that consists of the entire population
double-blind
census
principles of experimental design
matched