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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
area principle
model
subset
treatment
2. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
normal probability plot
scatterplots
observational study
boxplot
3. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
intercept
timeplot
rescaling
lurking variable
4. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
dotplot
placebo
confounded
random assignment
5. A distribution that's roughly flat
sample
simulation
convenience sample
uniform
6. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
standard deviation
nonresponse bias
sampling variability
shifting
7. A sample that consists of the entire population
census
distribution
lurking variable
sample
8. Summarized with the mean or the median
area principle
stem-and-leaf display
units
center
9. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
placebo effect
lurking variable
observational study
median
10. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
sample survey
normal probability plot
predicted value
lurking variable
11. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
bar chart
predicted value
uniform
experiment
12. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
single-blind
skewed
normal model
data table
13. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
68-95-99.7 rule
marginal distribution
bar chart
matched
14. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
range
mean
statistic
convenience sample
15. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
statistically significant
standardizing
spread
sample
16. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
retrospective study
multistage sample
normal percentile
independence
17. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
data table
standardizing
retrospective study
units
18. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
placebo effect
systematic sample
contingency table
timeplot
19. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
linear model
categorical variable
experiment
histogram
20. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
extrapolation
interquartile range
systematic sample
5-number summary
21. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
center
placebo effect
simulation component
subset
22. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
mode
double-blind
normal model
spread
23. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
tails
prospective study
categorical variable
undercoverage
24. Distributions with more than two modes
center
population
multimodal
statistically significant
25. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
bimodal
distribution
simulation
subset
26. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
symmetric
slope
shape
r2
27. Control - randomize - replicate - block
residuals
direction
randomized block
principles of experimental design
28. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
independence
linear model
conditional distribution
center
29. Anything in a survey design that influences response
response bias
observational study
census
outcome
30. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
direction
bar chart
randomization
sample survey
31. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
contingency table
frequency table
matched
center
32. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
normal percentile
data
ladder of powers
nonresponse bias
33. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
least squares
completely randomized design
variable
z-score
34. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
population
shape
standardized value
double-blind
35. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
placebo
simulation
completely randomized design
shape
36. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
statistic
comparing distributions
normal probability plot
data table
37. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
extrapolation
control group
undercoverage
placebo
38. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
percentile
randomization
mode
population parameter
39. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
z-score
strength
pie chart
stratified random sample
40. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
simpson's paradox
conditional distribution
matching
tails
41. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
completely randomized design
sample size
quantitative variable
data table
42. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable
outlier
bar chart
regression to the mean
skewed
43. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
data table
statistically significant
frequency table
subset
44. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
spread
blinding
sampling variability
comparing distributions
45. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
mean
observational study
factor
population parameter
46. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ
sample
subset
mode
sampling variability
47. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
convenience sample
normal probability plot
rescaling
mean
48. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
conditional distribution
shape
prospective study
68-95-99.7 rule
49. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
response bias
simpson's paradox
categorical variable
sample survey
50. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
shifting
placebo effect
response variable
multimodal