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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






2. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






3. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






4. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






5. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






6. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






7. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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8. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






9. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






10. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






11. Summarized with the mean or the median






12. The ____ we care about most is straight






13. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






14. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






15. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






16. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






17. An individual about whom or which we have data






18. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






19. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






20. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






21. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






22. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






23. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






24. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






25. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






26. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






27. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






28. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






29. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






30. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






31. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






32. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






33. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






34. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






35. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






36. Anything in a survey design that influences response






37. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






38. Control - randomize - replicate - block






39. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






40. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






41. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






42. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






43. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






44. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






45. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






46. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






47. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






48. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






49. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






50. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one