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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
convenience sample
placebo
contingency table
influential point
2. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
intercept
slope
percentile
spread
3. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
units
placebo
re-express data
randomization
4. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
uniform
units
correlation
residuals
5. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
pie chart
treatment
leverage
bimodal
6. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
rescaling
quartile
matched
least squares
7. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
placebo effect
quartile
random numbers
systematic sample
8. The square root of the variance
experiment
standard deviation
outlier
prospective study
9. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
control group
case
shape
experimental units
10. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
68-95-99.7 rule
unimodal
data
regression line
11. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
extrapolation
factor
cluster sample
multistage sample
12. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
simpson's paradox
trial
leverage
data
13. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
random
range
leverage
random numbers
14. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
r2
contingency table
form
mean
15. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
least squares
variance
quartile
bias
16. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
range
distribution
ladder of powers
completely randomized design
17. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
influential point
quartile
extrapolation
variance
18. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
categorical variable
matching
direction
nonresponse bias
19. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
simulation component
completely randomized design
block
data
20. Displays data that change over time
timeplot
representative
response
shape
21. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
blinding
matching
comparing distributions
frequency table
22. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
blinding
symmetric
shape
bimodal
23. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
prospective study
random
z-score
parameter
24. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
case
retrospective study
stem-and-leaf display
tails
25. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population
data table
level
sample
center
26. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
outlier
experimental units
shape
spread
27. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
distribution
context
re-express data
normal probability plot
28. An individual result of a component of a simulation
outcome
double-blind
completely randomized design
census
29. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
representative
distribution
treatment
population
30. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
distribution
shifting
block
correlation
31. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
linear model
principles of experimental design
double-blind
regression line
32. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
simulation
mean
dotplot
spread
33. An individual about whom or which we have data
systematic sample
case
bar chart
population parameter
34. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ
sampling variability
conditional distribution
random assignment
standardized value
35. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
statistic
frequency table
response
categorical variable
36. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
median
principles of experimental design
outliers
simulation component
37. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
conditional distribution
standard normal model
placebo
random
38. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
sample size
representative
trial
units
39. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
rescaling
control group
sampling variability
z-score
40. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
frequency table
nonresponse bias
control group
sampling frame
41. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
statistic
mode
cluster sample
regression line
42. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
shifting
rescaling
census
experiment
43. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
influential point
residuals
population
response
44. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
simulation component
response variable
marginal distribution
unimodal
45. A distribution that's roughly flat
bar chart
uniform
randomization
sampling variability
46. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
bias
population parameter
voluntary response bias
normal model
47. Anything in a survey design that influences response
ladder of powers
response bias
simple random sample
convenience sample
48. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
representative
interquartile range
68-95-99.7 rule
outcome
49. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data
randomization
outliers
standard deviation
data table
50. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
outlier
nonresponse bias
placebo effect
variance