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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






2. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






3. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






4. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






5. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






6. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






7. The ____ we care about most is straight






8. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






9. Distributions with more than two modes






10. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






11. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






12. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






13. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






14. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






15. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






16. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






17. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






18. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






19. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






20. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






21. Summarized with the mean or the median






22. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






23. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






24. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






25. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






26. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






27. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






28. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






29. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






30. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






31. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






32. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






33. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






34. Control - randomize - replicate - block






35. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






36. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






37. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






38. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






39. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






40. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






41. The difference between the first and third quartiles






42. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






43. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






44. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






45. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






46. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






47. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






48. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






49. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






50. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related







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