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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






2. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






3. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






4. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






5. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






6. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






7. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






8. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






9. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






10. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






11. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






12. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






13. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






14. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






15. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






16. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






17. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






18. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






19. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






20. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






21. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






22. A sample that consists of the entire population






23. A distribution that's roughly flat






24. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






25. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






26. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






27. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






28. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






29. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






30. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






31. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






32. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






33. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






34. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






35. Numerically valued attribute of a model






36. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






37. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






38. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






39. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






40. Summarized with the mean or the median






41. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






42. Control - randomize - replicate - block






43. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






44. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






45. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






46. An individual about whom or which we have data






47. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






48. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






49. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






50. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value