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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






2. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






3. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






4. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






5. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






6. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






7. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






8. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






9. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






10. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






11. Anything in a survey design that influences response






12. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






13. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






14. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






15. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






16. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






17. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






18. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






19. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






20. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






21. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






22. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






23. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






24. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






25. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






26. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






27. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






28. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






29. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






30. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






31. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






32. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






33. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






34. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






35. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






36. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






37. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






38. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






39. Distributions with two modes






40. Control - randomize - replicate - block






41. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






42. An individual about whom or which we have data






43. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






44. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






45. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






46. Distributions with more than two modes






47. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






48. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






49. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






50. The square root of the variance