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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






2. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






3. Summarized with the mean or the median






4. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






5. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






6. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






7. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






8. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






9. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






10. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






11. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






12. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






13. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






14. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






15. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






16. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






17. The difference between the first and third quartiles






18. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






19. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






20. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






21. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






22. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






23. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






24. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






25. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






26. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






27. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






28. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






29. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






30. The square root of the variance






31. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






32. The ____ we care about most is straight






33. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






34. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






35. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






36. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






37. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






38. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






39. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






40. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






41. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






42. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






43. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






44. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






45. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






46. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






47. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






48. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






49. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






50. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ