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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






2. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






3. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






4. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






5. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






6. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






7. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






8. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






9. Distributions with two modes






10. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






11. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






12. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






13. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






14. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






15. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






16. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






17. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






18. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






19. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






20. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






21. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






22. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






23. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






24. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






25. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






26. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






27. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






28. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






29. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






30. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






31. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






32. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






33. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






34. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






35. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






36. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






37. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






38. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






39. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






40. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






41. Numerically valued attribute of a model






42. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






43. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






44. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






45. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






46. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






47. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






48. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






49. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






50. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association