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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
placebo effect
area principle
normal model
parameter
2. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
bimodal
single-blind
direction
form
3. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
random assignment
random
response
stratified random sample
4. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
data table
least squares
leverage
sampling frame
5. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
normal model
categorical variable
experiment
statistic
6. Summarized with the mean or the median
trial
rescaling
center
conditional distribution
7. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
treatment
random assignment
bias
blinding
8. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
placebo
normal percentile
stem-and-leaf display
spread
9. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
single-blind
representative
completely randomized design
normal model
10. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
direction
regression to the mean
variance
sample survey
11. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
z-score
distribution
center
multistage sample
12. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
matched
randomized block
timeplot
marginal distribution
13. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
matched
convenience sample
scatterplots
linear model
14. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
z-score
boxplot
factor
standardized value
15. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
single-blind
correlation
experiment
outlier
16. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
single-blind
observational study
predicted value
standard normal model
17. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units
dotplot
parameter
changing center and spread
representative
18. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
simpson's paradox
randomized block
symmetric
area principle
19. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
statistically significant
units
double-blind
form
20. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
area principle
stratified random sample
range
ladder of powers
21. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
area principle
standard deviation
residuals
units
22. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
regression to the mean
center
representative
random assignment
23. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
voluntary response bias
lurking variable
spread
sampling variability
24. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
conditional distribution
random numbers
quantitative variable
randomized block
25. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
observational study
regression line
multistage sample
changing center and spread
26. Numerically valued attribute of a model
center
parameter
normal probability plot
dotplot
27. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
contingency table
tails
68-95-99.7 rule
rescaling
28. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
range
voluntary response bias
least squares
conditional distribution
29. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
data
block
strength
census
30. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
tails
matching
random assignment
influential point
31. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
block
trial
response variable
data table
32. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
bias
randomization
normal model
influential point
33. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
normal percentile
randomization
block
shape
34. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
prospective study
statistically significant
outliers
shape
35. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
outlier
random
tails
median
36. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
residuals
outlier
intercept
blinding
37. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
multistage sample
experimental units
contingency table
blinding
38. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
categorical variable
sampling frame
slope
convenience sample
39. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
histogram
variable
standard deviation
sampling frame
40. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
dotplot
strength
standard deviation
sample
41. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
double-blind
mean
lurking variable
retrospective study
42. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
unimodal
response bias
statistically significant
level
43. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
uniform
random numbers
voluntary response bias
population parameter
44. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
matching
outlier
contingency table
variable
45. The difference between the first and third quartiles
subset
interquartile range
simple random sample
quartile
46. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
matched
systematic sample
regression line
standard deviation
47. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
leverage
correlation
control group
placebo
48. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
block
randomized block
trial
control group
49. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
simulation
strength
statistic
treatment
50. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
normal percentile
slope
re-express data
randomization