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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
5-number summary
sampling variability
data
dotplot
2. A distribution that's roughly flat
categorical variable
uniform
systematic sample
block
3. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
center
control group
bias
nonresponse bias
4. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
data table
leverage
marginal distribution
histogram
5. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
simulation component
spread
median
randomized block
6. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
standardizing
re-express data
strength
control group
7. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
outliers
confounded
area principle
model
8. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
extrapolation
shifting
convenience sample
conditional distribution
9. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
spread
timeplot
histogram
data table
10. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
units
level
experiment
symmetric
11. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
direction
response bias
range
leverage
12. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
units
response
retrospective study
conditional distribution
13. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
subset
placebo effect
observational study
shape
14. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
contingency table
normal percentile
pie chart
population parameter
15. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
68-95-99.7 rule
center
nonresponse bias
census
16. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
trial
lurking variable
rescaling
undercoverage
17. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
confounded
model
standard deviation
multimodal
18. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
population
regression line
simulation
population parameter
19. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
range
sample survey
mode
simple random sample
20. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
model
tails
lurking variable
stratified random sample
21. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
regression to the mean
model
confounded
68-95-99.7 rule
22. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
outlier
correlation
standard normal model
sample
23. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
population
linear model
influential point
outcome
24. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
response
multistage sample
context
distribution
25. Numerically valued attribute of a model
units
shifting
parameter
convenience sample
26. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
5-number summary
leverage
normal model
observational study
27. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
response bias
normal percentile
least squares
z-score
28. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
bimodal
matched
data table
outcome
29. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
re-express data
distribution
normal probability plot
sample size
30. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
standard deviation
regression to the mean
matched
blinding
31. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
spread
response bias
principles of experimental design
strength
32. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
rescaling
bias
systematic sample
block
33. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
experiment
simulation
standardized value
normal model
34. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
voluntary response bias
linear model
skewed
area principle
35. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
68-95-99.7 rule
boxplot
5-number summary
experimental units
36. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
marginal distribution
nonresponse bias
response
residuals
37. Summarized with the mean or the median
dotplot
center
least squares
unimodal
38. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
randomization
retrospective study
marginal distribution
distribution
39. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
single-blind
predicted value
histogram
outlier
40. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
double-blind
convenience sample
variance
single-blind
41. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
mode
categorical variable
variable
outlier
42. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
cluster sample
frequency table
slope
variable
43. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
unimodal
statistically significant
spread
standard normal model
44. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
nonresponse bias
strength
cluster sample
voluntary response bias
45. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
uniform
experimental units
direction
nonresponse bias
46. The number of individuals in a sample
slope
factor
sample size
matching
47. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
variable
normal model
statistically significant
standard normal model
48. Distributions with two modes
extrapolation
frequency table
bimodal
least squares
49. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
extrapolation
68-95-99.7 rule
placebo effect
level
50. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
categorical variable
bimodal
cluster sample
dotplot