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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






2. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






3. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






4. Distributions with more than two modes






5. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






6. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






7. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






8. The ____ we care about most is straight






9. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






10. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






11. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






12. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






13. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






14. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






15. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






16. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






17. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






18. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






19. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






20. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






21. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






22. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






23. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






24. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






25. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






26. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






27. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






28. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






29. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






30. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






31. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






32. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






33. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






34. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






35. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






36. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






37. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






38. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






39. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






40. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






41. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






42. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






43. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






44. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






45. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






46. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






47. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






48. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






49. Displays data that change over time






50. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined