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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






2. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






3. An individual about whom or which we have data






4. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






5. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






6. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






7. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






8. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






9. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






10. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






11. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






12. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






13. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






14. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






15. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






16. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






17. Distributions with more than two modes






18. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






19. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






20. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






21. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






22. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






23. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






24. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






25. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






26. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






27. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






28. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






29. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






30. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






31. Control - randomize - replicate - block






32. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






33. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






34. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






35. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






36. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






37. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






38. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






39. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






40. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






41. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






42. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






43. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






44. An individual result of a component of a simulation






45. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






46. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






47. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






48. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






49. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






50. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed