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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An individual about whom or which we have data






2. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






3. The number of individuals in a sample






4. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






5. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






6. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






7. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






8. Control - randomize - replicate - block






9. Distributions with two modes






10. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






11. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






12. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






13. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






14. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






15. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






16. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






17. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






18. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






19. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






20. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






21. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






22. A distribution that's roughly flat






23. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






24. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






25. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






26. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






27. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






28. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






29. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






30. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






31. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






32. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






33. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






34. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






35. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






36. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






37. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






38. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






39. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






40. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






41. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






42. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






43. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






44. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






45. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






46. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






47. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






48. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






49. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






50. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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