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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






2. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






3. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






4. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






5. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






6. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






7. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






8. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






9. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






10. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






11. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






12. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






13. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






14. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






15. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






16. A sample that consists of the entire population






17. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






18. Anything in a survey design that influences response






19. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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20. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






21. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






22. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






23. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






24. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






25. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






26. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






27. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






28. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






29. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






30. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






31. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






32. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






33. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






34. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






35. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






36. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






37. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






38. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






39. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






40. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






41. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






42. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






43. The ____ we care about most is straight






44. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






45. A distribution that's roughly flat






46. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






47. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






48. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






49. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






50. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable







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