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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






2. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






3. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






4. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






5. A distribution that's roughly flat






6. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






7. A sample that consists of the entire population






8. Summarized with the mean or the median






9. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






10. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






11. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






12. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






13. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






14. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






15. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






16. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






17. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






18. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






19. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






20. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






21. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






22. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






23. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






24. Distributions with more than two modes






25. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






26. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






27. Control - randomize - replicate - block






28. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






29. Anything in a survey design that influences response






30. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






31. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






32. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






33. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






34. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






35. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






36. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






37. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






38. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






39. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






40. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






41. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






42. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






43. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






44. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






45. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






46. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






47. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






48. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






49. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






50. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in