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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Distributions with more than two modes






2. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






3. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






4. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






5. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






6. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






7. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






8. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






9. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






10. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






11. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






12. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






13. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






14. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






15. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






16. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






17. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






18. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






19. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






20. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






21. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






22. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






23. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






24. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






25. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






26. A distribution that's roughly flat






27. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






28. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






29. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






30. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






31. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






32. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






33. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






34. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






35. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






36. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






37. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






38. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






39. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






40. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






41. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






42. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






43. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






44. Displays data that change over time






45. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






46. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






47. Control - randomize - replicate - block






48. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






49. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






50. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short