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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
normal percentile
outliers
regression to the mean
scatterplots
2. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
response bias
skewed
control group
response
3. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
placebo
data table
simple random sample
placebo effect
4. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
sample
re-express data
normal model
influential point
5. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
level
median
quantitative variable
residuals
6. Distributions with more than two modes
multimodal
re-express data
independence
population
7. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
quartile
standard deviation
treatment
interquartile range
8. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
lurking variable
leverage
block
single-blind
9. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
statistic
randomized block
comparing distributions
simulation
10. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
strength
percentile
single-blind
nonresponse bias
11. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
sample survey
uniform
representative
matched
12. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
undercoverage
placebo
residuals
outlier
13. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
bar chart
statistic
comparing distributions
influential point
14. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
center
completely randomized design
case
influential point
15. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum
context
stratified random sample
matched
strength
16. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
representative
center
randomization
correlation
17. Numerically valued attribute of a model
principles of experimental design
center
68-95-99.7 rule
parameter
18. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
regression line
stratified random sample
observational study
conditional distribution
19. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
simulation
leverage
least squares
response
20. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
mode
standard normal model
dotplot
random numbers
21. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
stem-and-leaf display
bimodal
cluster sample
response
22. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
comparing distributions
voluntary response bias
subset
double-blind
23. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
spread
units
tails
level
24. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
statistic
multistage sample
parameter
block
25. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
form
standardizing
experiment
standard deviation
26. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
response bias
standard normal model
treatment
voluntary response bias
27. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
data table
level
placebo effect
single-blind
28. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
categorical variable
population
normal percentile
slope
29. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
linear model
systematic sample
representative
marginal distribution
30. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
comparing distributions
context
multimodal
bimodal
31. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
nonresponse bias
response variable
confounded
simulation
32. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
68-95-99.7 rule
mean
normal probability plot
uniform
33. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
standardizing
unimodal
control group
placebo
34. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
spread
case
r2
cluster sample
35. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it
r2
parameter
quantitative variable
quartile
36. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
sampling variability
placebo
outlier
response variable
37. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
convenience sample
block
stem-and-leaf display
blinding
38. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
random assignment
r2
block
marginal distribution
39. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
experiment
shape
dotplot
leverage
40. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
histogram
symmetric
observational study
model
41. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
pie chart
nonresponse bias
mean
scatterplots
42. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
residuals
ladder of powers
model
factor
43. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units
outliers
population parameter
changing center and spread
frequency table
44. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
experiment
population
tails
statistically significant
45. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
control group
intercept
scatterplots
leverage
46. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
principles of experimental design
bimodal
contingency table
area principle
47. A sample that consists of the entire population
census
randomized block
bar chart
form
48. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
frequency table
stem-and-leaf display
shifting
spread
49. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
level
subset
area principle
factor
50. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
lurking variable
data table
dotplot
simulation