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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






2. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






3. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






4. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






5. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






6. A distribution that's roughly flat






7. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






8. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






9. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






10. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






11. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






12. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






13. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






14. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






15. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






16. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






17. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






18. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






19. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






20. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






21. A sample that consists of the entire population






22. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






23. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






24. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






25. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






26. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






27. Summarized with the mean or the median






28. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






29. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






30. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






31. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






32. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






33. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






34. Distributions with two modes






35. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






36. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






37. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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38. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






39. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






40. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






41. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






42. An individual result of a component of a simulation






43. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






44. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






45. An individual about whom or which we have data






46. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






47. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






48. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






49. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






50. Displays data that change over time