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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






2. The ____ we care about most is straight






3. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






4. A sample that consists of the entire population






5. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






6. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






7. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






8. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






9. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






10. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






11. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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12. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






13. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






14. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






15. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






16. Summarized with the mean or the median






17. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






18. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






19. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






20. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






21. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






22. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






23. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






24. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






25. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






26. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






27. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






28. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






29. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






30. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






31. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






32. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






33. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






34. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






35. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






36. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






37. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






38. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






39. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






40. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






41. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






42. An individual about whom or which we have data






43. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






44. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






45. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






46. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






47. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






48. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






49. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






50. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions