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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






2. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






3. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






4. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






5. The square root of the variance






6. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






7. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






8. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






9. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






10. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






11. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






12. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






13. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






14. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






15. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






16. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






17. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






18. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






19. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






20. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






21. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






22. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






23. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






24. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






25. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






26. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






27. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






28. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






29. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






30. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






31. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






32. Anything in a survey design that influences response






33. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






34. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






35. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






36. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






37. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






38. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






39. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






40. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






41. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






42. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






43. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






44. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






45. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






46. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






47. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






48. The difference between the first and third quartiles






49. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






50. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random







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