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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






2. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






3. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






4. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






5. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






6. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






7. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






8. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






9. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






10. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






11. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






12. An individual result of a component of a simulation






13. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






14. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






15. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






16. Summarized with the mean or the median






17. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






18. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






19. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






20. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






21. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






22. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






23. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






24. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






25. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






26. A distribution that's roughly flat






27. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






28. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






29. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






30. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






31. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






32. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






33. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






34. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






35. A sample that consists of the entire population






36. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






37. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






38. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






39. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






40. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






41. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






42. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






43. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






44. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






45. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






46. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






47. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






48. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






49. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






50. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value