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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
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Subjects
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statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
response variable
simple random sample
range
representative
2. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
sample survey
extrapolation
block
quartile
3. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
symmetric
units
correlation
simulation
4. Summarized with the mean or the median
simpson's paradox
center
marginal distribution
ladder of powers
5. Displays data that change over time
units
timeplot
simulation component
placebo effect
6. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
extrapolation
placebo effect
contingency table
blinding
7. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ
sampling variability
sample
quantitative variable
regression line
8. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
placebo effect
block
context
blinding
9. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
median
sample size
simulation component
dotplot
10. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
multistage sample
categorical variable
linear model
median
11. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
timeplot
undercoverage
randomization
independence
12. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
variable
independence
unimodal
rescaling
13. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
shifting
outcome
tails
statistic
14. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
area principle
voluntary response bias
retrospective study
percentile
15. Distributions with more than two modes
treatment
uniform
multimodal
categorical variable
16. An individual about whom or which we have data
standard normal model
center
dotplot
case
17. The square root of the variance
experimental units
nonresponse bias
representative
standard deviation
18. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
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19. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
pie chart
bimodal
model
statistic
20. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units
correlation
changing center and spread
simulation
trial
21. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
random
context
level
voluntary response bias
22. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
multimodal
random
normal probability plot
model
23. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
voluntary response bias
spread
lurking variable
prospective study
24. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
response
sampling variability
blinding
voluntary response bias
25. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
lurking variable
random assignment
standardized value
pie chart
26. The ____ we care about most is straight
form
lurking variable
intercept
tails
27. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
level
placebo effect
response bias
subset
28. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
tails
convenience sample
r2
placebo effect
29. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
slope
convenience sample
intercept
stratified random sample
30. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
treatment
random numbers
skewed
standardizing
31. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
comparing distributions
boxplot
response
outlier
32. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
context
spread
correlation
census
33. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
independence
simpson's paradox
sampling frame
tails
34. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
treatment
ladder of powers
outcome
standardizing
35. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
random assignment
random
response
categorical variable
36. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
nonresponse bias
form
correlation
normal model
37. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
blinding
completely randomized design
z-score
spread
38. The number of individuals in a sample
z-score
sample size
unimodal
subset
39. A sample that consists of the entire population
census
outlier
random numbers
lurking variable
40. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
comparing distributions
boxplot
randomized block
68-95-99.7 rule
41. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
placebo effect
regression to the mean
mean
extrapolation
42. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
bar chart
population parameter
standardizing
percentile
43. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
outlier
outcome
distribution
quantitative variable
44. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
quantitative variable
outliers
histogram
conditional distribution
45. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
voluntary response bias
distribution
simple random sample
z-score
46. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
retrospective study
treatment
dotplot
factor
47. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
random
pie chart
completely randomized design
experimental units
48. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
statistically significant
random assignment
bar chart
cluster sample
49. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
conditional distribution
data table
bias
residuals
50. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
predicted value
symmetric
strength
double-blind
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