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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






2. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






3. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






4. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






5. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






6. An individual result of a component of a simulation






7. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






8. The number of individuals in a sample






9. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






10. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






11. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






12. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






13. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






14. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






15. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






16. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






17. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






18. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






19. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






20. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






21. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






22. Summarized with the mean or the median






23. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






24. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






25. Control - randomize - replicate - block






26. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






27. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






28. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






29. The square root of the variance






30. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






31. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






32. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






33. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






34. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






35. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






36. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






37. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






38. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






39. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






40. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






41. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






42. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






43. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






44. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






45. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






46. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






47. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






48. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






49. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






50. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other