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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






2. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






3. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






4. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






5. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






6. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






7. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






8. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






9. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






10. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






11. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






12. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






13. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






14. A distribution that's roughly flat






15. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






16. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






17. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






18. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






19. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






20. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






21. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






22. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






23. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






24. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






25. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






26. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






27. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






28. An individual result of a component of a simulation






29. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






30. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






31. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






32. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






33. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






34. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






35. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






36. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






37. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






38. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






39. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






40. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






41. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






42. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






43. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






44. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






45. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






46. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






47. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






48. A sample that consists of the entire population






49. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






50. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable