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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






2. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






3. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






4. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






5. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






6. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






7. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






8. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






9. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






10. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






11. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






12. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






13. Displays data that change over time






14. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






15. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






16. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






17. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






18. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






19. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






20. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






21. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






22. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






23. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






24. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






25. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






26. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






27. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






28. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






29. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






30. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






31. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






32. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






33. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






34. Anything in a survey design that influences response






35. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






36. A sample that consists of the entire population






37. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






38. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






39. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






40. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






41. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






42. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






43. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






44. Numerically valued attribute of a model






45. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






46. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






47. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






48. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






49. The number of individuals in a sample






50. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter