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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






2. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






3. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






4. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






5. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






6. Numerically valued attribute of a model






7. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






8. Displays data that change over time






9. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






10. The ____ we care about most is straight






11. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






12. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






13. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






14. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






15. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






16. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






17. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






18. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






19. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






20. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






21. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






22. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






23. The square root of the variance






24. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






25. Summarized with the mean or the median






26. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






27. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






28. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






29. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






30. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






31. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






32. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






33. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






34. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






35. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






36. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






37. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






38. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






39. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






40. An individual result of a component of a simulation






41. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






42. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






43. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






44. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






45. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






46. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






47. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






48. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






49. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






50. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes