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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






2. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






3. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






4. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






5. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






6. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






7. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






8. Numerically valued attribute of a model






9. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






10. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






11. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






12. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






13. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






14. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






15. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






16. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






17. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






18. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






19. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






20. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






21. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






22. Anything in a survey design that influences response






23. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






24. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






25. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






26. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






27. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






28. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






29. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






30. The number of individuals in a sample






31. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






32. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






33. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






34. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






35. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






36. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






37. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






38. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






39. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






40. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






41. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






42. Summarized with the mean or the median






43. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






44. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






45. A sample that consists of the entire population






46. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






47. Distributions with two modes






48. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






49. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






50. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units







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