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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






2. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






3. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






4. Summarized with the mean or the median






5. Displays data that change over time






6. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






7. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






8. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






9. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






10. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






11. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






12. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






13. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






14. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






15. Distributions with more than two modes






16. An individual about whom or which we have data






17. The square root of the variance






18. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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19. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






20. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






21. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






22. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






23. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






24. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






25. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






26. The ____ we care about most is straight






27. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






28. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






29. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






30. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






31. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






32. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






33. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






34. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






35. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






36. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






37. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






38. The number of individuals in a sample






39. A sample that consists of the entire population






40. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






41. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






42. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






43. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






44. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






45. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






46. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






47. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






48. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






49. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






50. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship







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