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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






2. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






3. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






4. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






5. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






6. Distributions with more than two modes






7. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






8. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






9. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






10. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






11. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






12. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






13. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






14. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






15. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






16. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






17. Numerically valued attribute of a model






18. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






19. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






20. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






21. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






22. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






23. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






24. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






25. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






26. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






27. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






28. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






29. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






30. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






31. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






32. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






33. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






34. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






35. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






36. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






37. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






38. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






39. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






40. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






41. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






42. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






43. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






44. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






45. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






46. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






47. A sample that consists of the entire population






48. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






49. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






50. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable