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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






2. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






3. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






4. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






5. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






6. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






7. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






8. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






9. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






10. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






11. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






12. An individual result of a component of a simulation






13. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






14. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






15. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






16. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






17. The number of individuals in a sample






18. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






19. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






20. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






21. Numerically valued attribute of a model






22. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






23. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






24. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






25. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






26. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






27. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






28. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






29. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






30. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






31. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






32. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






33. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






34. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






35. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






36. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






37. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






38. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






39. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






40. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






41. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






42. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






43. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






44. Displays data that change over time






45. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






46. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






47. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






48. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






49. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






50. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant