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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






2. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






3. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






4. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






5. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






6. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






7. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






8. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






9. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






10. Summarized with the mean or the median






11. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






12. A sample that consists of the entire population






13. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






14. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






15. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






16. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






17. The ____ we care about most is straight






18. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






19. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






20. The square root of the variance






21. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






22. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






23. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






24. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






25. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






26. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






27. Displays data that change over time






28. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






29. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






30. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






31. An individual result of a component of a simulation






32. A distribution that's roughly flat






33. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






34. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






35. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






36. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






37. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






38. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






39. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






40. The difference between the first and third quartiles






41. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






42. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






43. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






44. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






45. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






46. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






47. Distributions with two modes






48. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






49. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






50. Anything in a survey design that influences response







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