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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






2. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






3. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






4. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






5. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






6. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






7. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






8. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






9. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






10. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






11. The number of individuals in a sample






12. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






13. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






14. An individual about whom or which we have data






15. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






16. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






17. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






18. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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19. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






20. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






21. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






22. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






23. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






24. Distributions with more than two modes






25. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






26. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






27. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






28. Anything in a survey design that influences response






29. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






30. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






31. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






32. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






33. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






34. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






35. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






36. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






37. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






38. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






39. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






40. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






41. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






42. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






43. Control - randomize - replicate - block






44. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






45. Displays data that change over time






46. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






47. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






48. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






49. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






50. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random







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