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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
statistic
matched
simpson's paradox
lurking variable
2. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
observational study
median
histogram
quantitative variable
3. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable
double-blind
bar chart
units
randomized block
4. The number of individuals in a sample
standard normal model
percentile
intercept
sample size
5. Distributions with more than two modes
bar chart
multimodal
mean
least squares
6. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
symmetric
median
random numbers
blinding
7. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
trial
statistically significant
predicted value
bias
8. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
leverage
model
contingency table
representative
9. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
response variable
predicted value
conditional distribution
blinding
10. The square root of the variance
control group
distribution
re-express data
standard deviation
11. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
shifting
range
slope
multistage sample
12. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
randomized block
distribution
systematic sample
nonresponse bias
13. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
re-express data
randomization
symmetric
mean
14. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
random numbers
sample size
placebo effect
bar chart
15. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
symmetric
variable
least squares
distribution
16. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
simple random sample
randomized block
least squares
mode
17. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
confounded
form
regression line
random
18. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
placebo
treatment
standard deviation
random assignment
19. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
variance
factor
tails
cluster sample
20. A sample that consists of the entire population
census
normal model
outlier
rescaling
21. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
sampling variability
residuals
r2
blinding
22. The ____ we care about most is straight
r2
bar chart
boxplot
form
23. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
standard deviation
regression to the mean
shape
parameter
24. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
stratified random sample
variable
experiment
form
25. A distribution that's roughly flat
simple random sample
case
variance
uniform
26. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
observational study
mean
confounded
center
27. Summarized with the mean or the median
r2
completely randomized design
regression line
center
28. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
tails
strength
convenience sample
scatterplots
29. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
sampling variability
bias
normal model
matched
30. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
spread
prospective study
dotplot
response variable
31. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
randomization
area principle
normal model
subset
32. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
r2
control group
observational study
systematic sample
33. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
regression line
interquartile range
random numbers
cluster sample
34. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
subset
histogram
simpson's paradox
z-score
35. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
linear model
placebo
statistically significant
quantitative variable
36. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
scatterplots
68-95-99.7 rule
block
retrospective study
37. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
sampling frame
sample survey
subset
z-score
38. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
independence
variance
matched
form
39. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
outlier
frequency table
timeplot
range
40. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
normal probability plot
standardized value
standard normal model
sampling variability
41. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
direction
voluntary response bias
sample
categorical variable
42. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
unimodal
sample survey
sample size
comparing distributions
43. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
re-express data
normal probability plot
least squares
lurking variable
44. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum
stratified random sample
single-blind
standard deviation
comparing distributions
45. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
bar chart
response variable
outlier
residuals
46. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
direction
trial
blinding
area principle
47. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
sample survey
standard normal model
regression to the mean
simple random sample
48. Displays data that change over time
timeplot
simple random sample
units
influential point
49. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
mean
confounded
center
skewed
50. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
mean
treatment
sampling frame
linear model