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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






2. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






3. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






4. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






5. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






6. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






7. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






8. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






9. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






10. A sample that consists of the entire population






11. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






12. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






13. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






14. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






15. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






16. Numerically valued attribute of a model






17. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






18. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






19. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






20. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






21. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






22. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






23. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






24. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






25. Anything in a survey design that influences response






26. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






27. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






28. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






29. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






30. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






31. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






32. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






33. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






34. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






35. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






36. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






37. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






38. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






39. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






40. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






41. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






42. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






43. The square root of the variance






44. The number of individuals in a sample






45. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






46. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






47. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






48. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






49. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






50. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value