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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
least squares
range
sample size
predicted value
2. Summarized with the mean or the median
level
matched
least squares
center
3. Anything in a survey design that influences response
skewed
pie chart
response bias
spread
4. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
percentile
skewed
slope
population
5. A sample that consists of the entire population
range
multistage sample
undercoverage
census
6. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
shifting
categorical variable
convenience sample
trial
7. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
level
comparing distributions
bimodal
subset
8. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
outlier
center
bias
quartile
9. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
systematic sample
skewed
bar chart
rescaling
10. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
least squares
placebo
form
bimodal
11. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
shape
categorical variable
predicted value
changing center and spread
12. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
symmetric
simulation
quartile
sample survey
13. Displays data that change over time
block
timeplot
leverage
frequency table
14. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum
stratified random sample
range
shape
residuals
15. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
normal percentile
factor
outlier
sampling variability
16. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
68-95-99.7 rule
control group
form
spread
17. The difference between the first and third quartiles
data table
confounded
interquartile range
sample size
18. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
simulation component
data
prospective study
experiment
19. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
principles of experimental design
predicted value
retrospective study
direction
20. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
normal probability plot
simpson's paradox
lurking variable
standard deviation
21. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
r2
68-95-99.7 rule
outcome
factor
22. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units
r2
parameter
changing center and spread
re-express data
23. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
quantitative variable
systematic sample
multistage sample
control group
24. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
predicted value
random assignment
conditional distribution
stem-and-leaf display
25. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
direction
random assignment
quantitative variable
trial
26. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
quantitative variable
control group
intercept
variance
27. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
28. The number of individuals in a sample
symmetric
sample size
z-score
simulation
29. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
linear model
nonresponse bias
matched
z-score
30. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ
random numbers
sampling variability
z-score
changing center and spread
31. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
blinding
skewed
scatterplots
statistic
32. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
variable
correlation
standard normal model
statistically significant
33. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
variance
least squares
residuals
lurking variable
34. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
5-number summary
single-blind
area principle
linear model
35. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
response
nonresponse bias
completely randomized design
simulation component
36. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
blinding
categorical variable
randomized block
strength
37. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
boxplot
ladder of powers
simple random sample
data table
38. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
variable
extrapolation
pie chart
tails
39. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
sample size
trial
shifting
slope
40. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
normal probability plot
intercept
variable
outlier
41. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
convenience sample
z-score
quantitative variable
random assignment
42. An individual about whom or which we have data
subset
case
shifting
units
43. Distributions with more than two modes
trial
residuals
multimodal
confounded
44. Distributions with two modes
bimodal
nonresponse bias
principles of experimental design
quartile
45. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
lurking variable
independence
units
matched
46. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
voluntary response bias
observational study
units
histogram
47. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
bimodal
stem-and-leaf display
single-blind
population parameter
48. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
slope
randomization
variance
symmetric
49. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
slope
factor
linear model
standardizing
50. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
regression line
nonresponse bias
independence
population parameter