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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






2. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






3. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






4. A distribution that's roughly flat






5. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






6. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






7. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






8. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






9. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






10. The square root of the variance






11. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






12. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






13. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






14. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






15. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






16. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






17. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






18. Distributions with more than two modes






19. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






20. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






21. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






22. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






23. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






24. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






25. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






26. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






27. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






28. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






29. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






30. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






31. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






32. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






33. Distributions with two modes






34. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






35. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






36. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






37. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






38. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






39. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






40. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






41. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






42. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






43. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






44. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






45. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






46. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






47. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






48. The ____ we care about most is straight






49. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






50. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection