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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






2. An individual result of a component of a simulation






3. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






4. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






5. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






6. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






7. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






8. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






9. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






10. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






11. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






12. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






13. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






14. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






15. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






16. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






17. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






18. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






19. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






20. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






21. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






22. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






23. The square root of the variance






24. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






25. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






26. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






27. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






28. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






29. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






30. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






31. Distributions with more than two modes






32. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






33. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






34. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






35. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






36. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






37. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






38. Displays data that change over time






39. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






40. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






41. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






42. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






43. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






44. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






45. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






46. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






47. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






48. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






49. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






50. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread