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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
census
principles of experimental design
representative
mode
2. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
pie chart
simpson's paradox
simple random sample
double-blind
3. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
center
comparing distributions
response variable
categorical variable
4. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
percentile
population parameter
spread
confounded
5. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
residuals
standardized value
single-blind
percentile
6. An individual result of a component of a simulation
case
outcome
double-blind
random assignment
7. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
completely randomized design
variance
bar chart
residuals
8. The number of individuals in a sample
spread
completely randomized design
sample size
nonresponse bias
9. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
data table
center
random numbers
sampling frame
10. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
random numbers
data
sample survey
categorical variable
11. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
simple random sample
leverage
cluster sample
direction
12. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
slope
response variable
predicted value
changing center and spread
13. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
random numbers
simple random sample
normal model
sample size
14. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
outlier
multimodal
stem-and-leaf display
ladder of powers
15. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
skewed
rescaling
data table
context
16. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it
population
form
quartile
single-blind
17. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
normal probability plot
quartile
comparing distributions
least squares
18. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
center
outliers
frequency table
observational study
19. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
spread
standard normal model
placebo effect
5-number summary
20. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
unimodal
population
direction
dotplot
21. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
treatment
conditional distribution
randomization
mean
22. Summarized with the mean or the median
simple random sample
parameter
placebo effect
center
23. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
frequency table
histogram
randomization
random numbers
24. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
distribution
changing center and spread
bar chart
block
25. Control - randomize - replicate - block
data table
principles of experimental design
census
blinding
26. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
confounded
experiment
influential point
histogram
27. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
confounded
scatterplots
parameter
voluntary response bias
28. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
normal model
skewed
multimodal
r2
29. The square root of the variance
outcome
randomization
standard deviation
model
30. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
single-blind
distribution
placebo effect
shape
31. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
prospective study
linear model
z-score
multistage sample
32. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
percentile
population
outlier
convenience sample
33. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
sampling frame
lurking variable
response bias
population parameter
34. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
extrapolation
standardized value
sampling frame
systematic sample
35. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
r2
outcome
multimodal
regression line
36. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
matching
trial
response variable
bias
37. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
quartile
extrapolation
normal probability plot
skewed
38. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
categorical variable
slope
nonresponse bias
linear model
39. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
uniform
regression line
intercept
standardized value
40. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
experiment
changing center and spread
sampling frame
stem-and-leaf display
41. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
confounded
interquartile range
bias
form
42. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
subset
timeplot
lurking variable
tails
43. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
quantitative variable
observational study
re-express data
shifting
44. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
lurking variable
range
re-express data
experiment
45. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
systematic sample
context
treatment
interquartile range
46. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
normal percentile
z-score
lurking variable
mode
47. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable
statistically significant
sampling variability
outlier
bar chart
48. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
outcome
placebo effect
center
interquartile range
49. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
categorical variable
mode
unimodal
stem-and-leaf display
50. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
symmetric
bias
completely randomized design
blinding