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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






2. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






3. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






4. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






5. Numerically valued attribute of a model






6. An individual result of a component of a simulation






7. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






8. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






9. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






10. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






11. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






12. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






13. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






14. A distribution that's roughly flat






15. The number of individuals in a sample






16. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






17. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






18. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






19. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






20. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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21. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






22. Displays data that change over time






23. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






24. Distributions with two modes






25. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






26. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






27. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






28. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






29. A sample that consists of the entire population






30. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






31. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






32. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






33. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






34. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






35. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






36. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






37. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






38. Anything in a survey design that influences response






39. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






40. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






41. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






42. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






43. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






44. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






45. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






46. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






47. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






48. Control - randomize - replicate - block






49. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






50. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes