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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






2. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






3. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






4. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






5. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






6. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






7. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






8. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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9. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






10. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






11. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






12. The ____ we care about most is straight






13. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






14. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






15. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






16. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






17. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






18. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






19. Control - randomize - replicate - block






20. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






21. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






22. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






23. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






24. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






25. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






26. Displays data that change over time






27. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






28. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






29. An individual result of a component of a simulation






30. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






31. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






32. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






33. A distribution that's roughly flat






34. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






35. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






36. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






37. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






38. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






39. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






40. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






41. A sample that consists of the entire population






42. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






43. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






44. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






45. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






46. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






47. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






48. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






49. The number of individuals in a sample






50. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams