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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






2. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






3. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






4. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






5. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






6. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






7. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






8. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






9. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






10. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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11. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






12. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






13. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






14. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






15. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






16. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






17. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






18. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






19. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






20. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






21. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






22. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






23. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






24. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






25. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






26. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






27. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






28. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






29. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






30. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






31. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






32. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






33. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






34. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






35. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






36. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






37. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






38. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






39. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






40. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






41. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






42. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






43. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






44. Anything in a survey design that influences response






45. The ____ we care about most is straight






46. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






47. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






48. A distribution that's roughly flat






49. An individual result of a component of a simulation






50. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded







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