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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






2. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






3. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






4. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






5. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






6. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






7. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






8. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






9. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






10. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






11. Displays data that change over time






12. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






13. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






14. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






15. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






16. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






17. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






18. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






19. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






20. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






21. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






22. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






23. Summarized with the mean or the median






24. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






25. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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26. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






27. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






28. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






29. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






30. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






31. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






32. The square root of the variance






33. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






34. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






35. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






36. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






37. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






38. Control - randomize - replicate - block






39. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






40. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






41. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






42. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






43. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






44. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






45. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






46. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






47. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






48. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






49. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






50. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data