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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
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Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
spread
randomized block
cluster sample
regression to the mean
2. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
timeplot
lurking variable
categorical variable
data table
3. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
variance
68-95-99.7 rule
outlier
data
4. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
randomization
principles of experimental design
boxplot
center
5. The ____ we care about most is straight
form
multimodal
center
center
6. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
comparing distributions
context
retrospective study
sampling variability
7. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
least squares
retrospective study
population parameter
variable
8. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
statistically significant
center
factor
area principle
9. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
area principle
placebo
sampling frame
categorical variable
10. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
pie chart
quartile
data
rescaling
11. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
units
spread
influential point
quantitative variable
12. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum
stratified random sample
frequency table
principles of experimental design
sample survey
13. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
variable
median
simple random sample
experiment
14. An individual result of a component of a simulation
observational study
outlier
outcome
z-score
15. An individual about whom or which we have data
regression line
case
outcome
units
16. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
simulation
confounded
placebo
scatterplots
17. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
control group
distribution
factor
bar chart
18. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population
sample
lurking variable
convenience sample
prospective study
19. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
census
response
block
statistic
20. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
matching
case
nonresponse bias
normal percentile
21. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
representative
frequency table
confounded
standardized value
22. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
predicted value
least squares
stem-and-leaf display
scatterplots
23. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
intercept
skewed
matching
strength
24. Summarized with the mean or the median
subset
simulation component
voluntary response bias
center
25. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random
variable
residuals
normal model
simulation component
26. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
simple random sample
observational study
random numbers
histogram
27. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
normal probability plot
correlation
boxplot
marginal distribution
28. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
randomization
random assignment
nonresponse bias
matched
29. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
form
matched
regression to the mean
sampling frame
30. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
normal percentile
intercept
unimodal
standardized value
31. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
trial
population parameter
lurking variable
confounded
32. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
median
shifting
treatment
dotplot
33. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
nonresponse bias
skewed
frequency table
response variable
34. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
influential point
data table
ladder of powers
prospective study
35. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
statistic
normal percentile
units
model
36. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
systematic sample
re-express data
influential point
mode
37. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
representative
census
spread
variance
38. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
response
sample survey
confounded
distribution
39. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
re-express data
lurking variable
categorical variable
placebo
40. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
sample
uniform
regression line
units
41. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
linear model
factor
normal percentile
block
42. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
simulation
double-blind
subset
timeplot
43. A sample that consists of the entire population
census
case
subset
population parameter
44. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
voluntary response bias
dotplot
categorical variable
randomization
45. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
random assignment
sample size
leverage
lurking variable
46. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
extrapolation
statistically significant
median
nonresponse bias
47. Numerically valued attribute of a model
simulation
parameter
dotplot
unimodal
48. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
experiment
placebo effect
rescaling
residuals
49. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
pie chart
multistage sample
units
observational study
50. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
statistic
convenience sample
block
observational study
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