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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
single-blind
form
symmetric
contingency table
2. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
68-95-99.7 rule
undercoverage
trial
shape
3. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
principles of experimental design
variable
scatterplots
normal probability plot
4. Distributions with more than two modes
center
multimodal
normal probability plot
nonresponse bias
5. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
normal model
stem-and-leaf display
trial
median
6. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
normal percentile
boxplot
strength
factor
7. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
simpson's paradox
center
subset
changing center and spread
8. The ____ we care about most is straight
form
standardizing
extrapolation
contingency table
9. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
data
slope
level
outlier
10. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
correlation
re-express data
blinding
tails
11. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
observational study
stem-and-leaf display
symmetric
independence
12. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
re-express data
normal model
simulation component
convenience sample
13. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
68-95-99.7 rule
placebo effect
shape
conditional distribution
14. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it
quartile
mode
predicted value
form
15. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
block
boxplot
marginal distribution
response bias
16. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
standard deviation
median
5-number summary
ladder of powers
17. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
standardizing
mode
simulation
outcome
18. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
slope
standard deviation
rescaling
factor
19. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
percentile
marginal distribution
normal probability plot
regression to the mean
20. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable
factor
bar chart
response variable
changing center and spread
21. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
convenience sample
residuals
random
random numbers
22. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
area principle
uniform
confounded
blinding
23. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
symmetric
normal model
outcome
lurking variable
24. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
leverage
boxplot
68-95-99.7 rule
dotplot
25. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
data table
units
mode
standardizing
26. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
randomized block
pie chart
cluster sample
shape
27. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
sample size
frequency table
outlier
representative
28. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
quantitative variable
stratified random sample
marginal distribution
units
29. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
standard normal model
re-express data
random assignment
residuals
30. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
experimental units
least squares
standard normal model
center
31. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random
simulation component
bar chart
trial
placebo effect
32. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
least squares
lurking variable
block
frequency table
33. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
spread
shape
randomization
influential point
34. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
prospective study
skewed
boxplot
random
35. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
extrapolation
5-number summary
shape
confounded
36. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
level
experiment
parameter
confounded
37. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
control group
unimodal
simulation component
population parameter
38. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
distribution
intercept
normal model
prospective study
39. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
residuals
population parameter
systematic sample
experimental units
40. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
outliers
dotplot
nonresponse bias
least squares
41. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
histogram
area principle
population parameter
matched
42. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
population parameter
pie chart
voluntary response bias
r2
43. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
quartile
changing center and spread
range
single-blind
44. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
predicted value
observational study
shape
response variable
45. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
boxplot
center
scatterplots
re-express data
46. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
statistic
subset
response
bar chart
47. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
rescaling
statistically significant
range
slope
48. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
data
dotplot
model
stratified random sample
49. Displays data that change over time
timeplot
experiment
intercept
sample
50. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
retrospective study
spread
block
observational study