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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The square root of the variance






2. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






3. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






4. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






5. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






6. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






7. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






8. An individual about whom or which we have data






9. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






10. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






11. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






12. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






13. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






14. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






15. Distributions with two modes






16. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






17. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






18. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






19. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






20. A sample that consists of the entire population






21. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






22. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






23. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






24. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






25. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






26. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






27. Numerically valued attribute of a model






28. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






29. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






30. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






31. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






32. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






33. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






34. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






35. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






36. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






37. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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38. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






39. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






40. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






41. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






42. The number of individuals in a sample






43. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






44. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






45. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






46. The ____ we care about most is straight






47. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






48. A distribution that's roughly flat






49. The difference between the first and third quartiles






50. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed







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