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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






2. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






3. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






4. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






5. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






6. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






7. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages


8. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






9. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






10. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






11. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






12. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






13. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






14. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






15. Numerically valued attribute of a model






16. Control - randomize - replicate - block






17. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






18. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






19. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






20. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






21. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






22. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






23. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






24. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






25. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






26. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






27. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






28. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






29. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






30. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






31. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






32. An individual about whom or which we have data






33. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






34. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






35. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






36. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






37. The number of individuals in a sample






38. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






39. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






40. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






41. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






42. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






43. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






44. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






45. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






46. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






47. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






48. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






49. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






50. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable