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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






2. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






3. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






4. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






5. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






6. An individual result of a component of a simulation






7. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






8. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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9. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






10. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






11. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






12. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






13. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






14. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






15. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






16. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






17. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






18. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






19. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






20. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






21. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






22. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






23. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






24. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






25. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






26. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






27. An individual about whom or which we have data






28. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






29. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






30. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






31. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






32. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






33. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






34. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






35. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






36. The square root of the variance






37. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






38. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






39. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






40. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






41. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






42. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






43. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






44. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






45. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






46. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






47. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






48. The difference between the first and third quartiles






49. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






50. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it