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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






2. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






3. The ____ we care about most is straight






4. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






5. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






6. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






7. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






8. An individual result of a component of a simulation






9. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






10. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






11. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






12. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






13. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






14. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






15. Distributions with two modes






16. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






17. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






18. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






19. Anything in a survey design that influences response






20. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






21. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






22. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






23. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






24. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






25. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






26. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






27. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






28. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






29. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






30. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






31. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






32. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






33. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






34. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






35. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






36. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






37. The square root of the variance






38. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






39. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






40. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






41. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






42. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






43. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






44. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






45. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






46. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






47. Summarized with the mean or the median






48. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






49. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






50. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related