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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






2. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






3. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






4. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






5. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






6. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






7. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






8. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






9. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






10. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






11. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






12. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






13. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






14. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






15. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






16. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






17. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






18. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






19. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






20. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






21. The number of individuals in a sample






22. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






23. The ____ we care about most is straight






24. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






25. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






26. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






27. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






28. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






29. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






30. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






31. A sample that consists of the entire population






32. An individual about whom or which we have data






33. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






34. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






35. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






36. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






37. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






38. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






39. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






40. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






41. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






42. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






43. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






44. Distributions with more than two modes






45. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






46. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






47. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






48. Anything in a survey design that influences response






49. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






50. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category