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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






2. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






3. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






4. Numerically valued attribute of a model






5. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






6. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






7. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






8. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






9. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






10. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






11. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






12. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






13. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






14. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






15. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






16. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






17. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






18. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






19. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






20. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






21. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






22. An individual result of a component of a simulation






23. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






24. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






25. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






26. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






27. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






28. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






29. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






30. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






31. A sample that consists of the entire population






32. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






33. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






34. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






35. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






36. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






37. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






38. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






39. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






40. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






41. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






42. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






43. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






44. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






45. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






46. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






47. Distributions with two modes






48. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






49. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






50. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment







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