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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
double-blind
dotplot
placebo effect
quantitative variable
2. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
random numbers
center
stem-and-leaf display
randomization
3. Anything in a survey design that influences response
response bias
standard deviation
predicted value
center
4. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
regression to the mean
scatterplots
observational study
lurking variable
5. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
random
5-number summary
shifting
lurking variable
6. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
prospective study
random numbers
ladder of powers
re-express data
7. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
symmetric
sampling frame
confounded
factor
8. Numerically valued attribute of a model
comparing distributions
normal percentile
parameter
bimodal
9. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
trial
normal model
standardizing
convenience sample
10. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
level
rescaling
response
statistically significant
11. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
units
normal model
confounded
bimodal
12. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
factor
distribution
convenience sample
nonresponse bias
13. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
model
normal probability plot
variable
factor
14. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
ladder of powers
direction
voluntary response bias
bar chart
15. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
quartile
placebo
re-express data
pie chart
16. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
changing center and spread
unimodal
principles of experimental design
r2
17. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population
distribution
standard deviation
sample
nonresponse bias
18. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
matching
subset
linear model
random
19. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
least squares
leverage
lurking variable
random assignment
20. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
undercoverage
random
pie chart
variable
21. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random
simulation component
units
normal probability plot
cluster sample
22. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
boxplot
area principle
sampling variability
context
23. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
random
normal percentile
variance
placebo
24. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
slope
mode
simulation
undercoverage
25. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
principles of experimental design
level
outcome
mean
26. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
standard deviation
predicted value
treatment
range
27. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
pie chart
mean
model
random numbers
28. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
median
standard deviation
percentile
sample survey
29. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
principles of experimental design
regression to the mean
area principle
conditional distribution
30. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
census
frequency table
timeplot
normal model
31. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
comparing distributions
direction
systematic sample
simple random sample
32. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
completely randomized design
center
retrospective study
voluntary response bias
33. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
extrapolation
leverage
single-blind
mode
34. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
treatment
data
percentile
strength
35. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
single-blind
blinding
simulation component
sample survey
36. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
standardizing
conditional distribution
standard deviation
r2
37. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
simulation component
units
level
normal probability plot
38. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
range
cluster sample
strength
standard deviation
39. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
treatment
histogram
lurking variable
marginal distribution
40. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
outlier
sample survey
trial
outliers
41. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
mode
sample survey
categorical variable
model
42. The square root of the variance
subset
least squares
skewed
standard deviation
43. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
case
retrospective study
multimodal
frequency table
44. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
trial
leverage
residuals
distribution
45. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
standardized value
simpson's paradox
stem-and-leaf display
shape
46. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
census
confounded
mean
observational study
47. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
placebo effect
center
model
outlier
48. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
form
scatterplots
uniform
standard deviation
49. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
random
placebo effect
uniform
dotplot
50. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
strength
percentile
variable
boxplot