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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






2. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






3. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






4. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






5. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






6. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






7. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






8. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






9. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






10. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






11. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






12. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






13. A sample that consists of the entire population






14. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






15. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






16. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






17. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






18. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






19. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






20. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






21. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






22. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






23. Distributions with two modes






24. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






25. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






26. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






27. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






28. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






29. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






30. The square root of the variance






31. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






32. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






33. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






34. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






35. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






36. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






37. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






38. The ____ we care about most is straight






39. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






40. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






41. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






42. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






43. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






44. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






45. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






46. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






47. Control - randomize - replicate - block






48. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






49. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






50. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small