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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Displays data that change over time
tails
timeplot
blinding
slope
2. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
skewed
prospective study
simpson's paradox
response bias
3. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
case
voluntary response bias
variance
normal probability plot
4. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
categorical variable
data
area principle
mean
5. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
ladder of powers
control group
observational study
randomized block
6. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
contingency table
distribution
correlation
sample survey
7. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
quantitative variable
range
response variable
single-blind
8. A distribution that's roughly flat
mean
uniform
model
statistic
9. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
5-number summary
direction
data table
residuals
10. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
form
center
residuals
lurking variable
11. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
percentile
factor
influential point
normal percentile
12. Distributions with more than two modes
skewed
multimodal
block
single-blind
13. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
sample survey
placebo
outliers
conditional distribution
14. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
residuals
data table
center
correlation
15. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
categorical variable
standard normal model
model
strength
16. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
independence
sampling variability
blinding
normal percentile
17. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
random
independence
response
marginal distribution
18. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
predicted value
mean
timeplot
skewed
19. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
median
nonresponse bias
standardizing
lurking variable
20. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
correlation
uniform
stem-and-leaf display
normal model
21. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data
nonresponse bias
skewed
5-number summary
outliers
22. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
model
symmetric
context
cluster sample
23. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
68-95-99.7 rule
prospective study
retrospective study
conditional distribution
24. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
blinding
statistic
retrospective study
interquartile range
25. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
intercept
z-score
mode
data
26. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
matched
control group
interquartile range
area principle
27. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
bar chart
mean
median
bimodal
28. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
normal model
outlier
population
random numbers
29. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
stem-and-leaf display
treatment
random
population parameter
30. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
bias
retrospective study
cluster sample
placebo effect
31. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
nonresponse bias
experimental units
treatment
center
32. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
mode
treatment
standard deviation
standardizing
33. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
median
response variable
leverage
voluntary response bias
34. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
outlier
simpson's paradox
statistic
variable
35. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
randomized block
strength
outliers
placebo effect
36. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
rescaling
voluntary response bias
shifting
normal probability plot
37. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
stratified random sample
outcome
comparing distributions
shifting
38. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
pie chart
observational study
systematic sample
data table
39. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
prospective study
dotplot
direction
extrapolation
40. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
sampling frame
matched
voluntary response bias
randomization
41. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
influential point
confounded
shape
timeplot
42. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
matching
context
simulation
influential point
43. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
distribution
bias
outcome
matching
44. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
normal probability plot
simulation component
linear model
boxplot
45. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
least squares
simpson's paradox
distribution
response
46. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
scatterplots
normal probability plot
placebo
variable
47. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
distribution
independence
placebo effect
nonresponse bias
48. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
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49. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
random assignment
median
intercept
matched
50. Numerically valued attribute of a model
census
parameter
data
scatterplots