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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






2. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






3. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






4. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






5. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






6. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






7. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






8. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






9. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






10. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






11. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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12. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






13. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






14. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






15. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






16. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






17. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






18. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






19. Summarized with the mean or the median






20. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






21. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






22. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






23. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






24. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






25. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






26. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






27. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






28. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






29. Displays data that change over time






30. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






31. Numerically valued attribute of a model






32. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






33. The square root of the variance






34. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






35. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






36. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






37. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






38. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






39. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






40. Distributions with more than two modes






41. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






42. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






43. Distributions with two modes






44. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






45. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






46. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






47. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






48. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






49. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






50. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units