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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






2. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






3. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






4. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






5. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






6. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






7. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






8. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






9. Distributions with more than two modes






10. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






11. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






12. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






13. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






14. A sample that consists of the entire population






15. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






16. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






17. The difference between the first and third quartiles






18. Anything in a survey design that influences response






19. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






20. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






21. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






22. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






23. Distributions with two modes






24. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






25. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






26. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






27. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






28. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






29. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






30. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






31. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






32. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






33. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






34. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






35. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






36. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






37. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






38. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






39. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






40. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






41. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






42. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






43. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






44. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






45. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






46. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






47. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






48. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






49. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






50. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these