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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






2. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






3. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






4. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






5. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






6. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






7. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






8. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






9. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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10. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






11. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






12. Distributions with two modes






13. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






14. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






15. The ____ we care about most is straight






16. A sample that consists of the entire population






17. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






18. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






19. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






20. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






21. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






22. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






23. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






24. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






25. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






26. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






27. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






28. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






29. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






30. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






31. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






32. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






33. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






34. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






35. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






36. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






37. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






38. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






39. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






40. The square root of the variance






41. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






42. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






43. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






44. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






45. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






46. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






47. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






48. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






49. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






50. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter