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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Anything in a survey design that influences response






2. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






3. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






4. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






5. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






6. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






7. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






8. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






9. Distributions with more than two modes






10. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






11. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






12. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






13. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






14. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






15. The number of individuals in a sample






16. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






17. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






18. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






19. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






20. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






21. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






22. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






23. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






24. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






25. The ____ we care about most is straight






26. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






27. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






28. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






29. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






30. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






31. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






32. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






33. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






34. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






35. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






36. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






37. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






38. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






39. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






40. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






41. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






42. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






43. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






44. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






45. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






46. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






47. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






48. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






49. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






50. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions