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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
stem-and-leaf display
random assignment
normal percentile
data
2. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
uniform
multimodal
independence
model
3. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
changing center and spread
scatterplots
categorical variable
dotplot
4. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
marginal distribution
random numbers
units
outliers
5. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
undercoverage
data table
strength
random
6. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
z-score
spread
distribution
timeplot
7. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
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8. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
completely randomized design
bimodal
observational study
convenience sample
9. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
convenience sample
area principle
bar chart
statistically significant
10. The square root of the variance
center
random numbers
population
standard deviation
11. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
contingency table
block
spread
shape
12. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
population
undercoverage
statistically significant
influential point
13. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
randomized block
standardized value
mode
model
14. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
unimodal
sample survey
control group
median
15. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
ladder of powers
leverage
shifting
correlation
16. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
re-express data
regression line
distribution
changing center and spread
17. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
5-number summary
retrospective study
bias
normal percentile
18. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
distribution
random numbers
range
observational study
19. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
linear model
data
variable
pie chart
20. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
correlation
model
sampling frame
simulation component
21. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
dotplot
confounded
simple random sample
nonresponse bias
22. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ
intercept
statistic
outliers
sampling variability
23. Control - randomize - replicate - block
changing center and spread
case
principles of experimental design
quartile
24. Distributions with two modes
voluntary response bias
distribution
subset
bimodal
25. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
regression line
normal percentile
undercoverage
lurking variable
26. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
blinding
leverage
simple random sample
random assignment
27. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
response bias
68-95-99.7 rule
nonresponse bias
standardizing
28. Numerically valued attribute of a model
timeplot
parameter
rescaling
scatterplots
29. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
pie chart
model
simpson's paradox
random
30. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
representative
variance
randomized block
timeplot
31. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
cluster sample
regression line
double-blind
retrospective study
32. An individual result of a component of a simulation
outcome
experimental units
ladder of powers
r2
33. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it
lurking variable
quartile
distribution
linear model
34. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
residuals
percentile
scatterplots
outlier
35. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
quartile
standard normal model
representative
statistic
36. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
68-95-99.7 rule
outlier
convenience sample
center
37. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data
linear model
outliers
multimodal
spread
38. The difference between the first and third quartiles
interquartile range
cluster sample
changing center and spread
trial
39. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units
standard deviation
changing center and spread
case
completely randomized design
40. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
blinding
statistic
contingency table
systematic sample
41. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
randomization
influential point
treatment
center
42. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
sample survey
representative
changing center and spread
spread
43. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
experimental units
independence
standard normal model
confounded
44. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
residuals
outcome
range
normal percentile
45. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
representative
random numbers
standard normal model
linear model
46. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
skewed
principles of experimental design
convenience sample
extrapolation
47. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
regression to the mean
quantitative variable
lurking variable
placebo effect
48. Displays data that change over time
sample size
timeplot
simulation component
sampling variability
49. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
marginal distribution
changing center and spread
ladder of powers
predicted value
50. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
nonresponse bias
symmetric
bimodal
direction