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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






2. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






3. An individual about whom or which we have data






4. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






5. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






6. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






7. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






8. A sample that consists of the entire population






9. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






10. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






11. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






12. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






13. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






14. The ____ we care about most is straight






15. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






16. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






17. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






18. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






19. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






20. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






21. Numerically valued attribute of a model






22. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






23. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






24. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






25. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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26. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






27. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






28. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






29. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






30. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






31. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






32. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






33. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






34. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






35. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






36. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






37. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






38. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






39. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






40. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






41. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






42. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






43. Summarized with the mean or the median






44. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






45. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






46. The square root of the variance






47. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






48. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






49. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






50. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0