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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Distributions with two modes






2. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






3. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






4. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






5. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






6. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






7. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






8. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






9. The ____ we care about most is straight






10. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






11. Control - randomize - replicate - block






12. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






13. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






14. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






15. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






16. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






17. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






18. The difference between the first and third quartiles






19. Summarized with the mean or the median






20. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






21. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






22. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






23. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






24. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






25. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






26. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






27. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






28. The square root of the variance






29. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






30. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






31. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






32. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






33. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






34. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






35. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






36. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






37. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






38. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






39. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






40. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






41. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






42. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






43. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






44. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






45. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






46. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






47. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






48. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






49. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






50. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other