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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Distributions with two modes
context
bimodal
pie chart
parameter
2. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
shifting
median
simpson's paradox
distribution
3. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
spread
categorical variable
area principle
standard normal model
4. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
marginal distribution
random
standardized value
predicted value
5. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
stem-and-leaf display
simple random sample
mean
response
6. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population
spread
variable
sample
treatment
7. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
response
systematic sample
statistically significant
tails
8. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
re-express data
sample
stem-and-leaf display
linear model
9. The ____ we care about most is straight
z-score
single-blind
form
re-express data
10. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
comparing distributions
skewed
normal model
population
11. Control - randomize - replicate - block
residuals
principles of experimental design
control group
parameter
12. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
statistic
distribution
form
simulation
13. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
randomization
population
normal percentile
distribution
14. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
ladder of powers
randomized block
median
spread
15. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
units
skewed
completely randomized design
re-express data
16. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
scatterplots
percentile
treatment
contingency table
17. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
statistic
random numbers
matching
area principle
18. The difference between the first and third quartiles
retrospective study
normal model
interquartile range
normal percentile
19. Summarized with the mean or the median
placebo
center
area principle
uniform
20. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
placebo effect
double-blind
random
response variable
21. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
skewed
matching
median
prospective study
22. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
bias
response variable
factor
spread
23. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
independence
block
quantitative variable
influential point
24. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
blinding
center
distribution
matched
25. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
mean
matched
randomized block
correlation
26. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
intercept
rescaling
model
mean
27. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
contingency table
variance
standard deviation
residuals
28. The square root of the variance
representative
standard deviation
distribution
contingency table
29. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
observational study
shape
experiment
undercoverage
30. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
single-blind
block
quantitative variable
matching
31. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
simple random sample
confounded
simulation component
response
32. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random
boxplot
subset
simulation component
factor
33. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
linear model
standard normal model
leverage
random
34. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
68-95-99.7 rule
normal percentile
distribution
systematic sample
35. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
multistage sample
changing center and spread
randomization
systematic sample
36. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
changing center and spread
sample
units
shifting
37. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
sample size
placebo effect
matching
census
38. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
bimodal
shifting
linear model
sampling frame
39. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
treatment
center
mode
pie chart
40. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
outlier
strength
standardizing
contingency table
41. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
bimodal
lurking variable
sample size
response variable
42. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
data
observational study
statistic
ladder of powers
43. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
boxplot
outliers
comparing distributions
sample size
44. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
5-number summary
68-95-99.7 rule
stratified random sample
multimodal
45. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
outcome
correlation
randomization
cluster sample
46. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
confounded
double-blind
quantitative variable
completely randomized design
47. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
bias
histogram
regression line
predicted value
48. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
multistage sample
statistically significant
regression to the mean
statistic
49. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
outlier
subset
data table
block
50. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
symmetric
stem-and-leaf display
response variable
simulation