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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Anything in a survey design that influences response






2. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






3. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






4. Numerically valued attribute of a model






5. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






6. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






7. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






8. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






9. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






10. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






11. The square root of the variance






12. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






13. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






14. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






15. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






16. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






17. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






18. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






19. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






20. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






21. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






22. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






23. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






24. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






25. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






26. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






27. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






28. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






29. A distribution that's roughly flat






30. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






31. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






32. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






33. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






34. Control - randomize - replicate - block






35. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






36. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






37. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






38. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






39. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






40. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






41. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






42. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






43. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






44. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






45. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






46. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






47. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






48. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






49. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






50. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model