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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






2. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






3. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






4. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






5. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






6. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






7. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






8. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






9. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






10. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






11. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






12. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






13. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






14. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






15. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






16. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






17. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






18. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






19. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






20. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






21. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






22. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






23. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






24. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






25. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






26. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






27. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






28. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






29. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






30. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






31. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






32. The square root of the variance






33. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






34. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






35. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






36. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






37. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






38. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






39. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






40. Summarized with the mean or the median






41. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






42. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






43. Anything in a survey design that influences response






44. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






45. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






46. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






47. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






48. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






49. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






50. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data