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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






2. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






3. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






4. Distributions with more than two modes






5. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






6. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






7. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






8. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






9. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






10. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






11. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






12. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






13. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






14. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






15. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






16. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






17. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






18. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






19. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






20. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






21. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






22. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






23. The difference between the first and third quartiles






24. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






25. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






26. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






27. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






28. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






29. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






30. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






31. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






32. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






33. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






34. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






35. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






36. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






37. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






38. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






39. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






40. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






41. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






42. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






43. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






44. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






45. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






46. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






47. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






48. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






49. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






50. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other