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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






2. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






3. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






4. Numerically valued attribute of a model






5. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






6. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






7. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






8. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






9. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






10. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






11. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






12. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






13. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






14. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






15. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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16. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






17. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






18. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






19. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






20. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






21. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






22. Displays data that change over time






23. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






24. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






25. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






26. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






27. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






28. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






29. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






30. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






31. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






32. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






33. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






34. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






35. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






36. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






37. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






38. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






39. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






40. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






41. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






42. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






43. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






44. An individual about whom or which we have data






45. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






46. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






47. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






48. The ____ we care about most is straight






49. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






50. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum







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