SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
treatment
data table
leverage
standardized value
2. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
principles of experimental design
comparing distributions
linear model
range
3. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
marginal distribution
voluntary response bias
randomization
response bias
4. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
normal probability plot
histogram
ladder of powers
conditional distribution
5. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
standardizing
random assignment
contingency table
variable
6. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
block
symmetric
leverage
unimodal
7. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
range
data
cluster sample
census
8. The difference between the first and third quartiles
influential point
interquartile range
r2
changing center and spread
9. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
slope
population parameter
median
regression line
10. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
tails
shape
strength
subset
11. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
units
bias
subset
influential point
12. Displays data that change over time
outlier
sample survey
timeplot
z-score
13. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
re-express data
bias
subset
nonresponse bias
14. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
outcome
shape
direction
influential point
15. The number of individuals in a sample
matched
sample size
census
representative
16. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
scatterplots
response
least squares
matched
17. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
distribution
comparing distributions
trial
outlier
18. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
experimental units
double-blind
treatment
median
19. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
shape
percentile
68-95-99.7 rule
marginal distribution
20. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
mean
normal percentile
bias
standardized value
21. The square root of the variance
model
distribution
tails
standard deviation
22. The ____ we care about most is straight
strength
intercept
form
standardized value
23. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
stratified random sample
slope
normal percentile
multimodal
24. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
experimental units
leverage
skewed
census
25. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
unimodal
prospective study
histogram
response bias
26. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
case
histogram
matched
distribution
27. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
area principle
pie chart
regression line
outlier
28. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
randomization
bimodal
simulation
symmetric
29. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
center
linear model
population
completely randomized design
30. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
case
control group
standardizing
z-score
31. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
experimental units
placebo
outlier
population
32. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
experiment
5-number summary
influential point
slope
33. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
context
distribution
conditional distribution
unimodal
34. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable
factor
bar chart
mean
randomized block
35. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data
mean
outliers
lurking variable
level
36. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
model
least squares
treatment
direction
37. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population
sample
data
simple random sample
census
38. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
multistage sample
bar chart
statistic
outlier
39. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
variable
standardized value
census
r2
40. Distributions with two modes
comparing distributions
bimodal
simulation
interquartile range
41. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
marginal distribution
sample size
standardizing
units
42. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
z-score
stem-and-leaf display
standard deviation
random assignment
43. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it
least squares
extrapolation
quartile
percentile
44. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
experiment
multimodal
trial
undercoverage
45. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
prospective study
comparing distributions
unimodal
trial
46. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
confounded
double-blind
census
blinding
47. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
randomized block
outlier
control group
boxplot
48. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
ladder of powers
least squares
sampling frame
standardized value
49. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
response
quartile
normal probability plot
response bias
50. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
nonresponse bias
form
r2
trial