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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
residuals
regression line
convenience sample
context
2. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
z-score
placebo effect
context
parameter
3. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
normal percentile
area principle
convenience sample
dotplot
4. Control - randomize - replicate - block
principles of experimental design
random assignment
lurking variable
subset
5. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
histogram
treatment
confounded
blinding
6. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
confounded
statistic
quantitative variable
marginal distribution
7. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
trial
correlation
representative
simple random sample
8. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
least squares
lurking variable
z-score
response bias
9. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
correlation
response bias
lurking variable
intercept
10. A distribution that's roughly flat
uniform
slope
frequency table
re-express data
11. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
subset
simulation
re-express data
standard deviation
12. A sample that consists of the entire population
subset
simpson's paradox
regression line
census
13. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
direction
interquartile range
spread
independence
14. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
form
normal percentile
standard normal model
observational study
15. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
least squares
spread
sample
mean
16. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
strength
normal model
boxplot
subset
17. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
nonresponse bias
standardizing
experimental units
multimodal
18. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable
stem-and-leaf display
bar chart
z-score
stratified random sample
19. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
20. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
data
cluster sample
median
interquartile range
21. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
skewed
r2
random assignment
lurking variable
22. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population
sample
skewed
distribution
mode
23. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
spread
rescaling
histogram
quantitative variable
24. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
r2
outliers
normal percentile
direction
25. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
level
quantitative variable
placebo
population
26. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
independence
pie chart
normal probability plot
population
27. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
randomized block
lurking variable
independence
timeplot
28. The number of individuals in a sample
response bias
population parameter
z-score
sample size
29. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
residuals
symmetric
level
quartile
30. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
spread
units
form
experimental units
31. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
multimodal
block
multistage sample
random
32. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
spread
re-express data
frequency table
rescaling
33. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
mode
slope
matching
random
34. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
median
response variable
categorical variable
factor
35. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
correlation
principles of experimental design
linear model
timeplot
36. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
skewed
boxplot
residuals
outliers
37. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
skewed
interquartile range
factor
simple random sample
38. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
rescaling
histogram
stem-and-leaf display
5-number summary
39. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
population
r2
quantitative variable
census
40. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
sample survey
median
random assignment
response bias
41. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
area principle
linear model
cluster sample
stem-and-leaf display
42. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
representative
normal model
boxplot
bimodal
43. Anything in a survey design that influences response
form
sample
outcome
response bias
44. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
randomization
ladder of powers
treatment
trial
45. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
unimodal
sample
level
predicted value
46. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
normal percentile
outcome
scatterplots
distribution
47. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
statistically significant
prospective study
stem-and-leaf display
normal model
48. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
matching
histogram
distribution
extrapolation
49. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
blinding
sample
single-blind
regression line
50. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
stem-and-leaf display
single-blind
spread
response variable