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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
standardizing
z-score
quantitative variable
area principle
2. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data
random
simple random sample
outliers
stratified random sample
3. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
least squares
nonresponse bias
sample
parameter
4. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
sample survey
simple random sample
extrapolation
simulation
5. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
prospective study
correlation
placebo effect
data
6. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
range
control group
standard normal model
linear model
7. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
experiment
median
completely randomized design
model
8. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
single-blind
re-express data
randomization
data table
9. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
blinding
nonresponse bias
lurking variable
regression line
10. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
quartile
normal model
tails
observational study
11. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
population parameter
categorical variable
sample survey
representative
12. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
distribution
median
independence
dotplot
13. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
outlier
voluntary response bias
parameter
5-number summary
14. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
symmetric
normal percentile
outliers
trial
15. The ____ we care about most is straight
conditional distribution
prospective study
form
context
16. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
independence
data table
nonresponse bias
blinding
17. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
contingency table
convenience sample
68-95-99.7 rule
distribution
18. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
outlier
retrospective study
symmetric
systematic sample
19. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it
timeplot
contingency table
matching
quartile
20. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
boxplot
r2
multimodal
convenience sample
21. A distribution that's roughly flat
uniform
placebo
residuals
distribution
22. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
random
population
least squares
sampling variability
23. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
sample size
contingency table
intercept
z-score
24. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
quantitative variable
median
shifting
experiment
25. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
simulation
case
stem-and-leaf display
frequency table
26. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
cluster sample
intercept
median
population parameter
27. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
data table
statistically significant
linear model
r2
28. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
outlier
direction
population
tails
29. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random
experiment
simulation component
level
statistically significant
30. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
outlier
influential point
skewed
simple random sample
31. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
ladder of powers
response variable
influential point
random
32. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
distribution
sample survey
conditional distribution
single-blind
33. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable
randomization
regression line
bar chart
form
34. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
skewed
mean
outcome
matching
35. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
variable
statistic
response bias
level
36. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
sampling frame
stratified random sample
pie chart
z-score
37. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
block
rescaling
spread
68-95-99.7 rule
38. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
stem-and-leaf display
randomization
extrapolation
dotplot
39. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
simulation component
sampling frame
bimodal
re-express data
40. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
random
response
placebo effect
double-blind
41. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
timeplot
comparing distributions
census
control group
42. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
form
leverage
blinding
shape
43. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
response variable
response bias
trial
percentile
44. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
frequency table
symmetric
correlation
rescaling
45. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
interquartile range
influential point
standard normal model
undercoverage
46. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
simple random sample
trial
median
scatterplots
47. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
quantitative variable
dotplot
model
stratified random sample
48. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
symmetric
subset
comparing distributions
random numbers
49. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
variance
distribution
skewed
experiment
50. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
residuals
lurking variable
bar chart
least squares