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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






2. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






3. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






4. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






5. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






6. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






7. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






8. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






9. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






10. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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11. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






12. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






13. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






14. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






15. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






16. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






17. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






18. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






19. The difference between the first and third quartiles






20. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






21. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






22. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






23. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






24. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






25. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






26. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






27. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






28. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






29. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






30. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






31. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






32. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






33. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






34. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






35. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






36. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






37. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






38. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






39. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






40. Displays data that change over time






41. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






42. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






43. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






44. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






45. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






46. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






47. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






48. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






49. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






50. The number of individuals in a sample







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