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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






2. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






3. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






4. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






5. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






6. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






7. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






8. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






9. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






10. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






11. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






12. Distributions with more than two modes






13. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






14. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






15. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






16. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






17. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






18. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






19. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






20. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






21. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






22. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






23. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






24. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






25. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






26. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






27. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






28. The difference between the first and third quartiles






29. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






30. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






31. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






32. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






33. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






34. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






35. Numerically valued attribute of a model






36. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






37. Anything in a survey design that influences response






38. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






39. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






40. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






41. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






42. A distribution that's roughly flat






43. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






44. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






45. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






46. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






47. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






48. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






49. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






50. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted







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