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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
standardized value
case
units
median
2. A distribution that's roughly flat
prospective study
comparing distributions
skewed
uniform
3. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
response variable
response bias
lurking variable
outliers
4. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
outcome
percentile
marginal distribution
linear model
5. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
census
placebo effect
sample size
bias
6. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
center
ladder of powers
blinding
confounded
7. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
bar chart
r2
distribution
response
8. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
statistically significant
unimodal
direction
boxplot
9. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
multistage sample
ladder of powers
extrapolation
model
10. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
correlation
normal percentile
slope
center
11. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
standard normal model
cluster sample
case
blinding
12. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
rescaling
single-blind
matched
standard normal model
13. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
range
simulation
variable
shifting
14. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
range
r2
unimodal
standardized value
15. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
independence
trial
skewed
spread
16. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
response variable
shifting
cluster sample
ladder of powers
17. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
form
least squares
model
re-express data
18. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
statistic
outlier
treatment
cluster sample
19. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
re-express data
retrospective study
stem-and-leaf display
block
20. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
standardized value
outlier
simulation
multistage sample
21. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
outlier
population
leverage
symmetric
22. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
experiment
shape
level
strength
23. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
interquartile range
boxplot
bar chart
sample
24. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
subset
stem-and-leaf display
bias
voluntary response bias
25. A sample that consists of the entire population
census
5-number summary
block
shape
26. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
re-express data
frequency table
simple random sample
voluntary response bias
27. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
pie chart
direction
nonresponse bias
comparing distributions
28. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
independence
sampling frame
influential point
skewed
29. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
completely randomized design
strength
simpson's paradox
population parameter
30. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
leverage
predicted value
lurking variable
median
31. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
bimodal
center
units
uniform
32. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
response bias
retrospective study
variance
extrapolation
33. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
statistic
stem-and-leaf display
statistically significant
direction
34. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
sample survey
observational study
sample size
standardizing
35. An individual about whom or which we have data
case
statistic
voluntary response bias
random
36. The square root of the variance
placebo
response variable
standard deviation
timeplot
37. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
area principle
normal probability plot
experiment
data table
38. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
lurking variable
standard deviation
undercoverage
voluntary response bias
39. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
units
center
principles of experimental design
68-95-99.7 rule
40. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
single-blind
normal probability plot
experiment
simulation component
41. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
distribution
response bias
principles of experimental design
comparing distributions
42. An individual result of a component of a simulation
trial
predicted value
outcome
form
43. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
dotplot
convenience sample
random numbers
independence
44. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
sampling frame
tails
quantitative variable
68-95-99.7 rule
45. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
matching
data
quantitative variable
systematic sample
46. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
area principle
percentile
multimodal
prospective study
47. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
random numbers
intercept
random
influential point
48. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
quantitative variable
matched
placebo
predicted value
49. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
bar chart
random assignment
skewed
population
50. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
random assignment
normal model
r2
68-95-99.7 rule