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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
sample size
stratified random sample
uniform
factor
2. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
5-number summary
population
simulation component
level
3. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
subset
quantitative variable
single-blind
population parameter
4. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
standardized value
regression line
simulation
trial
5. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
center
regression line
outliers
sampling variability
6. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
block
response bias
conditional distribution
intercept
7. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
data table
nonresponse bias
random assignment
ladder of powers
8. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
retrospective study
slope
intercept
pie chart
9. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
marginal distribution
confounded
factor
standard deviation
10. Displays data that change over time
independence
quantitative variable
timeplot
unimodal
11. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
least squares
bimodal
standard normal model
trial
12. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
5-number summary
single-blind
treatment
statistic
13. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
least squares
response
context
parameter
14. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
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15. The number of individuals in a sample
placebo effect
sample size
r2
standardized value
16. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
normal percentile
rescaling
data
randomized block
17. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum
outliers
double-blind
stratified random sample
single-blind
18. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
prospective study
direction
random
subset
19. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
linear model
spread
experiment
treatment
20. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
unimodal
double-blind
leverage
random assignment
21. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
block
interquartile range
r2
linear model
22. Summarized with the mean or the median
center
sampling frame
spread
response
23. Distributions with two modes
confounded
center
bimodal
bar chart
24. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
direction
comparing distributions
variable
quartile
25. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
re-express data
randomized block
mode
bias
26. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
histogram
experimental units
influential point
lurking variable
27. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
range
block
double-blind
level
28. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
mode
area principle
variable
timeplot
29. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
placebo
center
case
outlier
30. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
marginal distribution
interquartile range
context
observational study
31. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
spread
lurking variable
standard normal model
units
32. Numerically valued attribute of a model
parameter
contingency table
residuals
completely randomized design
33. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
scatterplots
center
statistic
single-blind
34. Control - randomize - replicate - block
principles of experimental design
parameter
cluster sample
sample size
35. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
parameter
randomization
outcome
shape
36. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
interquartile range
data table
multimodal
scatterplots
37. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
single-blind
statistically significant
bimodal
uniform
38. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
simpson's paradox
nonresponse bias
trial
median
39. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
random assignment
outlier
contingency table
leverage
40. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
stratified random sample
retrospective study
unimodal
regression to the mean
41. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
block
control group
lurking variable
model
42. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
residuals
data table
mean
cluster sample
43. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
convenience sample
histogram
simple random sample
timeplot
44. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
random
statistic
normal probability plot
treatment
45. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
population parameter
changing center and spread
population
randomization
46. Anything in a survey design that influences response
stem-and-leaf display
outliers
random
response bias
47. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
normal percentile
standardizing
undercoverage
simulation
48. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
distribution
center
strength
completely randomized design
49. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population
model
experimental units
confounded
sample
50. An individual about whom or which we have data
conditional distribution
case
factor
ladder of powers