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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






2. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






3. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






4. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






5. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






6. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






7. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






8. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






9. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






10. Displays data that change over time






11. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






12. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






13. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






14. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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15. The number of individuals in a sample






16. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






17. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






18. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






19. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






20. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






21. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






22. Summarized with the mean or the median






23. Distributions with two modes






24. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






25. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






26. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






27. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






28. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






29. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






30. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






31. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






32. Numerically valued attribute of a model






33. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






34. Control - randomize - replicate - block






35. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






36. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






37. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






38. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






39. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






40. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






41. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






42. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






43. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






44. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






45. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






46. Anything in a survey design that influences response






47. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






48. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






49. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






50. An individual about whom or which we have data