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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
mean
statistically significant
population parameter
lurking variable
2. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
unimodal
r2
area principle
center
3. An individual about whom or which we have data
pie chart
placebo
subset
case
4. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
population
random
mean
random assignment
5. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
contingency table
convenience sample
range
units
6. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
placebo
normal model
data
randomization
7. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
correlation
outlier
quantitative variable
placebo
8. A sample that consists of the entire population
outcome
census
extrapolation
simple random sample
9. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
skewed
single-blind
rescaling
shifting
10. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
stem-and-leaf display
distribution
skewed
slope
11. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
observational study
block
data table
statistic
12. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
shifting
systematic sample
population parameter
experimental units
13. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
center
experimental units
symmetric
standardized value
14. The ____ we care about most is straight
bimodal
standardized value
changing center and spread
form
15. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
standard normal model
boxplot
changing center and spread
observational study
16. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
response
median
principles of experimental design
treatment
17. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
control group
68-95-99.7 rule
statistically significant
undercoverage
18. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
bias
least squares
tails
random numbers
19. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
least squares
random
r2
systematic sample
20. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
shifting
nonresponse bias
pie chart
voluntary response bias
21. Numerically valued attribute of a model
outliers
parameter
dotplot
representative
22. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
experiment
influential point
independence
random
23. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
re-express data
sampling frame
timeplot
simulation
24. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
bias
simulation component
variance
ladder of powers
25. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
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26. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
pie chart
double-blind
treatment
mode
27. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
outlier
frequency table
strength
contingency table
28. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
factor
linear model
convenience sample
population
29. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
outcome
completely randomized design
random numbers
single-blind
30. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
randomization
completely randomized design
quantitative variable
conditional distribution
31. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
mean
placebo
frequency table
nonresponse bias
32. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
single-blind
least squares
statistically significant
re-express data
33. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
representative
control group
prospective study
histogram
34. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
skewed
form
units
leverage
35. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
leverage
subset
5-number summary
sampling variability
36. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
predicted value
standard normal model
bar chart
re-express data
37. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
68-95-99.7 rule
quartile
histogram
matching
38. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
sampling frame
simple random sample
pie chart
experiment
39. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
stratified random sample
quartile
tails
variance
40. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
variable
range
sample
representative
41. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
68-95-99.7 rule
sample size
population
bias
42. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
unimodal
bias
matching
stem-and-leaf display
43. Summarized with the mean or the median
dotplot
nonresponse bias
center
form
44. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
response
bar chart
convenience sample
regression to the mean
45. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
multimodal
center
control group
trial
46. The square root of the variance
simulation component
standard deviation
marginal distribution
symmetric
47. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
extrapolation
case
quartile
symmetric
48. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
statistic
categorical variable
tails
center
49. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
units
symmetric
median
residuals
50. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
least squares
intercept
level
spread