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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
predicted value
standardized value
prospective study
matched
2. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
trial
unimodal
convenience sample
random
3. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
model
uniform
frequency table
experimental units
4. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
multistage sample
predicted value
data table
spread
5. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population
outlier
sample
bimodal
area principle
6. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
distribution
ladder of powers
factor
z-score
7. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
range
census
simulation
statistic
8. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
sample size
multistage sample
random assignment
units
9. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
principles of experimental design
marginal distribution
tails
uniform
10. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
retrospective study
area principle
form
least squares
11. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
random assignment
simple random sample
variable
residuals
12. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
observational study
outliers
standard normal model
contingency table
13. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable
bar chart
units
spread
randomization
14. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
treatment
influential point
scatterplots
random assignment
15. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
correlation
dotplot
range
placebo effect
16. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
distribution
leverage
model
parameter
17. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
sample
retrospective study
representative
random numbers
18. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
voluntary response bias
categorical variable
confounded
principles of experimental design
19. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
distribution
linear model
influential point
nonresponse bias
20. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
randomization
histogram
percentile
level
21. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
subset
shape
simulation component
systematic sample
22. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
interquartile range
uniform
symmetric
normal probability plot
23. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
conditional distribution
intercept
5-number summary
sample
24. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
shifting
prospective study
spread
undercoverage
25. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
trial
voluntary response bias
simulation
systematic sample
26. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
outliers
representative
histogram
completely randomized design
27. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
single-blind
mode
ladder of powers
center
28. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
random numbers
data table
blinding
re-express data
29. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ
regression to the mean
bias
least squares
sampling variability
30. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
tails
sample size
outlier
observational study
31. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
bimodal
spread
sampling frame
outlier
32. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
contingency table
matched
statistic
multimodal
33. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
5-number summary
slope
normal percentile
simulation component
34. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
outliers
undercoverage
statistic
random assignment
35. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
changing center and spread
residuals
outcome
normal percentile
36. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
multimodal
placebo
census
residuals
37. The square root of the variance
matching
sample size
standard deviation
re-express data
38. Distributions with two modes
bimodal
68-95-99.7 rule
nonresponse bias
standardizing
39. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
spread
scatterplots
68-95-99.7 rule
simpson's paradox
40. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
observational study
placebo effect
distribution
categorical variable
41. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
tails
convenience sample
comparing distributions
experimental units
42. Numerically valued attribute of a model
outlier
pie chart
parameter
contingency table
43. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
outliers
units
z-score
regression to the mean
44. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
experiment
intercept
shifting
sampling variability
45. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
principles of experimental design
factor
residuals
sample
46. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
outliers
interquartile range
sample size
ladder of powers
47. A distribution that's roughly flat
lurking variable
sampling frame
uniform
tails
48. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
statistic
convenience sample
pie chart
data table
49. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
dotplot
simpson's paradox
shifting
outlier
50. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
treatment
double-blind
shape
conditional distribution