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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Control - randomize - replicate - block






2. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






3. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






4. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






5. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






6. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






7. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






8. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






9. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






10. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






11. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






12. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






13. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






14. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






15. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






16. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






17. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






18. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






19. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






20. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






21. A distribution that's roughly flat






22. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






23. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






24. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






25. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






26. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






27. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






28. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






29. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






30. The difference between the first and third quartiles






31. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






32. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






33. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






34. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






35. Numerically valued attribute of a model






36. Distributions with two modes






37. The square root of the variance






38. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






39. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






40. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






41. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






42. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






43. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






44. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






45. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






46. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






47. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






48. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






49. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






50. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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