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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






2. The difference between the first and third quartiles






3. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






4. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






5. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






6. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






7. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






8. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






9. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






10. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






11. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






12. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






13. The ____ we care about most is straight






14. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






15. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






16. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






17. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






18. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






19. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






20. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






21. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






22. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






23. A distribution that's roughly flat






24. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






25. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






26. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






27. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






28. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






29. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






30. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






31. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






32. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






33. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






34. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






35. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






36. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






37. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






38. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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39. A sample that consists of the entire population






40. Numerically valued attribute of a model






41. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






42. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






43. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






44. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






45. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






46. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






47. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






48. Distributions with more than two modes






49. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






50. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place