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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






2. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






3. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






4. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






5. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






6. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






7. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






8. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






9. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






10. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






11. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






12. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






13. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






14. The ____ we care about most is straight






15. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






16. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






17. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






18. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






19. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






20. Control - randomize - replicate - block






21. Summarized with the mean or the median






22. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






23. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






24. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






25. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






26. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






27. The difference between the first and third quartiles






28. Distributions with more than two modes






29. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






30. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






31. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






32. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






33. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






34. An individual result of a component of a simulation






35. The square root of the variance






36. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






37. Anything in a survey design that influences response






38. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






39. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






40. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






41. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






42. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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43. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






44. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






45. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






46. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






47. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






48. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






49. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






50. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments







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