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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
regression to the mean
outlier
population parameter
response variable
2. The number of individuals in a sample
lurking variable
quantitative variable
simple random sample
sample size
3. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
observational study
lurking variable
linear model
data
4. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
principles of experimental design
normal probability plot
independence
quantitative variable
5. Displays data that change over time
multistage sample
outlier
timeplot
placebo
6. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
prospective study
units
outlier
block
7. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
stratified random sample
response bias
placebo
distribution
8. Numerically valued attribute of a model
control group
scatterplots
parameter
sampling variability
9. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum
predicted value
census
undercoverage
stratified random sample
10. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
extrapolation
nonresponse bias
standardizing
systematic sample
11. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
standard normal model
re-express data
multimodal
bias
12. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
observational study
placebo
data table
shifting
13. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
simpson's paradox
normal percentile
experiment
strength
14. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
dotplot
linear model
treatment
residuals
15. A distribution that's roughly flat
uniform
normal percentile
lurking variable
response bias
16. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
nonresponse bias
standardized value
sample survey
5-number summary
17. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
population parameter
stratified random sample
placebo effect
lurking variable
18. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
model
double-blind
factor
re-express data
19. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
units
double-blind
response variable
cluster sample
20. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
principles of experimental design
prospective study
context
68-95-99.7 rule
21. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
random numbers
regression to the mean
symmetric
multistage sample
22. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
categorical variable
boxplot
lurking variable
shape
23. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
bias
nonresponse bias
experimental units
factor
24. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random
randomized block
model
simulation component
statistically significant
25. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
mode
spread
data
categorical variable
26. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
outcome
random
uniform
systematic sample
27. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
representative
standard normal model
correlation
standardized value
28. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
subset
lurking variable
least squares
percentile
29. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
ladder of powers
leverage
simulation component
random assignment
30. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
sampling frame
statistically significant
leverage
marginal distribution
31. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
cluster sample
subset
convenience sample
response
32. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
skewed
contingency table
standardized value
boxplot
33. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
direction
confounded
systematic sample
comparing distributions
34. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
matching
uniform
double-blind
convenience sample
35. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
bimodal
pie chart
histogram
representative
36. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
case
data table
subset
normal percentile
37. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
regression line
standardizing
random numbers
blinding
38. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
prospective study
representative
histogram
random assignment
39. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
voluntary response bias
double-blind
influential point
sample survey
40. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
z-score
influential point
68-95-99.7 rule
response bias
41. Summarized with the mean or the median
trial
center
stem-and-leaf display
matched
42. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
statistic
cluster sample
voluntary response bias
residuals
43. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data
outliers
stem-and-leaf display
correlation
randomization
44. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
stratified random sample
observational study
pie chart
area principle
45. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
cluster sample
pie chart
center
median
46. An individual about whom or which we have data
tails
observational study
case
single-blind
47. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
simulation component
single-blind
stem-and-leaf display
model
48. The square root of the variance
standard normal model
double-blind
statistic
standard deviation
49. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
extrapolation
randomized block
completely randomized design
pie chart
50. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
symmetric
center
stem-and-leaf display
range