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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






2. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






3. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






4. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






5. Distributions with more than two modes






6. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






7. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






8. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






9. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






10. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






11. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






12. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






13. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






14. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






15. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






16. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






17. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






18. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






19. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






20. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






21. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






22. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






23. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






24. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






25. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






26. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






27. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






28. Summarized with the mean or the median






29. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






30. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






31. Anything in a survey design that influences response






32. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






33. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






34. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






35. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






36. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






37. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






38. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






39. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






40. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






41. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






42. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






43. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






44. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






45. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






46. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






47. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






48. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






49. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






50. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis