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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






2. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






3. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






4. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






5. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






6. An individual about whom or which we have data






7. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






8. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






9. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






10. Distributions with more than two modes






11. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






12. The number of individuals in a sample






13. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






14. Control - randomize - replicate - block






15. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






16. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






17. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






18. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






19. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






20. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






21. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






22. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






23. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






24. The difference between the first and third quartiles






25. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






26. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






27. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






28. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






29. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






30. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






31. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






32. Displays data that change over time






33. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






34. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






35. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






36. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






37. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






38. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






39. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






40. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






41. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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42. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






43. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






44. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






45. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






46. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






47. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






48. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






49. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






50. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data