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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sample that consists of the entire population






2. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






3. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






4. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






5. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






6. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






7. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






8. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






9. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






10. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






11. Numerically valued attribute of a model






12. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






13. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






14. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






15. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






16. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






17. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






18. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






19. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






20. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






21. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






22. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






23. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






24. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






25. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






26. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






27. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






28. The number of individuals in a sample






29. Anything in a survey design that influences response






30. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






31. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






32. A distribution that's roughly flat






33. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






34. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






35. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






36. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






37. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






38. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






39. An individual result of a component of a simulation






40. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






41. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






42. The square root of the variance






43. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






44. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






45. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






46. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






47. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






48. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






49. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






50. The ____ we care about most is straight







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