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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






2. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






3. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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4. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






5. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






6. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






7. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






8. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






9. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






10. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






11. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






12. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






13. Distributions with more than two modes






14. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






15. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






16. Numerically valued attribute of a model






17. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






18. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






19. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






20. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






21. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






22. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






23. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






24. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






25. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






26. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






27. Distributions with two modes






28. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






29. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






30. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






31. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






32. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






33. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






34. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






35. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






36. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






37. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






38. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






39. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






40. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






41. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






42. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






43. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






44. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






45. An individual result of a component of a simulation






46. The difference between the first and third quartiles






47. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






48. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






49. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






50. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related