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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






2. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






3. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






4. Control - randomize - replicate - block






5. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






6. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






7. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






8. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






9. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






10. A distribution that's roughly flat






11. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






12. A sample that consists of the entire population






13. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






14. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






15. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






16. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






17. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






18. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






19. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages


20. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






21. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






22. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






23. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






24. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






25. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






26. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






27. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






28. The number of individuals in a sample






29. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






30. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






31. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






32. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






33. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






34. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






35. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






36. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






37. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






38. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






39. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






40. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






41. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






42. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






43. Anything in a survey design that influences response






44. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






45. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






46. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






47. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






48. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






49. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






50. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded