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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
random assignment
response variable
marginal distribution
variable
2. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
units
leverage
simpson's paradox
confounded
3. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
matched
influential point
normal probability plot
subset
4. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
direction
treatment
level
simple random sample
5. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
68-95-99.7 rule
spread
residuals
census
6. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
outlier
double-blind
randomization
response variable
7. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
quartile
data
re-express data
random numbers
8. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
random numbers
z-score
distribution
placebo
9. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
data table
lurking variable
control group
influential point
10. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ
sampling variability
cluster sample
symmetric
contingency table
11. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
statistically significant
prospective study
confounded
standardizing
12. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
least squares
boxplot
randomized block
ladder of powers
13. An individual about whom or which we have data
standard deviation
normal model
case
interquartile range
14. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
data table
changing center and spread
marginal distribution
variance
15. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
principles of experimental design
placebo
outcome
stem-and-leaf display
16. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
randomization
interquartile range
block
control group
17. Displays data that change over time
bimodal
blinding
slope
timeplot
18. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
predicted value
comparing distributions
rescaling
lurking variable
19. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
frequency table
outlier
spread
random assignment
20. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
block
mode
conditional distribution
matched
21. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
normal model
simple random sample
tails
data
22. Distributions with two modes
normal probability plot
double-blind
completely randomized design
bimodal
23. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
spread
variable
boxplot
residuals
24. The number of individuals in a sample
outlier
stratified random sample
sample size
sample survey
25. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
conditional distribution
percentile
observational study
regression to the mean
26. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
regression to the mean
normal percentile
control group
range
27. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
form
boxplot
shape
mode
28. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
statistically significant
5-number summary
regression line
standardizing
29. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
categorical variable
blinding
changing center and spread
factor
30. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
representative
sample
simulation
randomization
31. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
simpson's paradox
shifting
matching
cluster sample
32. The difference between the first and third quartiles
quantitative variable
trial
extrapolation
interquartile range
33. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
boxplot
multimodal
prospective study
interquartile range
34. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
interquartile range
multimodal
stem-and-leaf display
ladder of powers
35. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
normal probability plot
observational study
sample
blinding
36. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
response variable
percentile
form
statistically significant
37. The ____ we care about most is straight
form
block
sample survey
boxplot
38. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
sampling frame
treatment
simulation
stratified random sample
39. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
strength
linear model
frequency table
randomization
40. A distribution that's roughly flat
regression to the mean
uniform
context
representative
41. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
data
boxplot
double-blind
outlier
42. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
symmetric
mean
median
z-score
43. Control - randomize - replicate - block
independence
principles of experimental design
mean
random assignment
44. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
placebo effect
outlier
median
mean
45. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
subset
conditional distribution
regression line
data
46. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
bias
systematic sample
regression to the mean
least squares
47. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
representative
census
systematic sample
bimodal
48. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
response bias
undercoverage
contingency table
scatterplots
49. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
influential point
area principle
center
parameter
50. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
completely randomized design
spread
standard deviation
distribution