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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






2. A distribution that's roughly flat






3. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






4. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






5. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






6. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






7. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






8. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






9. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






10. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






11. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






12. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






13. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






14. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






15. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






16. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






17. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






18. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






19. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






20. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






21. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






22. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






23. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






24. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






25. A sample that consists of the entire population






26. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






27. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






28. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






29. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






30. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






31. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






32. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






33. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






34. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






35. An individual about whom or which we have data






36. The square root of the variance






37. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






38. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






39. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






40. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






41. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






42. An individual result of a component of a simulation






43. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






44. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






45. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






46. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






47. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






48. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






49. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






50. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions