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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






2. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






3. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






4. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






5. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






6. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






7. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






8. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






9. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






10. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






11. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






12. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






13. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






14. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






15. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






16. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






17. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






18. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






19. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






20. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






21. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






22. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






23. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






24. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






25. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






26. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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27. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






28. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






29. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






30. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






31. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






32. An individual result of a component of a simulation






33. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






34. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






35. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






36. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






37. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






38. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






39. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






40. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






41. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






42. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






43. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






44. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






45. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






46. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






47. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






48. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






49. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






50. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative