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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The number of individuals in a sample






2. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






3. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






4. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






5. An individual about whom or which we have data






6. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






7. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






8. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






9. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






10. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






11. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






12. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






13. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






14. Displays data that change over time






15. A distribution that's roughly flat






16. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






17. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






18. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






19. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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20. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






21. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






22. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






23. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






24. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






25. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






26. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






27. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






28. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






29. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






30. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






31. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






32. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






33. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






34. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






35. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






36. The ____ we care about most is straight






37. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






38. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






39. Distributions with more than two modes






40. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






41. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






42. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






43. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






44. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






45. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






46. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






47. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






48. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






49. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






50. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant







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