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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
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2. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
range
stratified random sample
dotplot
slope
3. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
changing center and spread
marginal distribution
direction
simulation
4. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
stratified random sample
trial
retrospective study
prospective study
5. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
placebo effect
representative
form
completely randomized design
6. Summarized with the mean or the median
form
lurking variable
trial
center
7. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
undercoverage
response
units
matched
8. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
range
bimodal
factor
linear model
9. An individual about whom or which we have data
case
confounded
subset
pie chart
10. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
outlier
population parameter
form
intercept
11. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
interquartile range
area principle
standard deviation
case
12. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
sample survey
outcome
randomization
categorical variable
13. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
observational study
slope
blinding
boxplot
14. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
changing center and spread
single-blind
shifting
matched
15. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
response
data
standardized value
predicted value
16. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
retrospective study
tails
experimental units
shifting
17. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
bias
interquartile range
response
spread
18. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
parameter
distribution
direction
percentile
19. A distribution that's roughly flat
multimodal
census
uniform
sampling frame
20. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
independence
center
5-number summary
unimodal
21. An individual result of a component of a simulation
direction
residuals
5-number summary
outcome
22. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
systematic sample
statistic
convenience sample
confounded
23. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
stratified random sample
unimodal
simpson's paradox
normal probability plot
24. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
slope
independence
predicted value
population parameter
25. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
skewed
stratified random sample
distribution
comparing distributions
26. The square root of the variance
frequency table
standard deviation
spread
placebo
27. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
level
form
variance
comparing distributions
28. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
confounded
principles of experimental design
bar chart
random assignment
29. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
distribution
normal probability plot
tails
lurking variable
30. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
outcome
convenience sample
simpson's paradox
trial
31. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
variance
standard normal model
double-blind
center
32. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
independence
stratified random sample
level
retrospective study
33. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
boxplot
symmetric
data
randomized block
34. Displays data that change over time
units
timeplot
principles of experimental design
standard normal model
35. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
normal model
mode
rescaling
ladder of powers
36. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
least squares
center
re-express data
block
37. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
regression line
outcome
double-blind
spread
38. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
systematic sample
median
symmetric
units
39. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
median
population parameter
outlier
stratified random sample
40. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
boxplot
form
multistage sample
regression line
41. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum
normal model
stratified random sample
simple random sample
blinding
42. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
sample
statistically significant
distribution
randomized block
43. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
quartile
mode
comparing distributions
predicted value
44. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
frequency table
placebo
range
distribution
45. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
random assignment
standard deviation
conditional distribution
statistic
46. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
quantitative variable
subset
outlier
influential point
47. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
contingency table
convenience sample
spread
data table
48. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
influential point
conditional distribution
model
simulation
49. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
residuals
mode
nonresponse bias
standard deviation
50. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
census
direction
pie chart
convenience sample