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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A distribution that's roughly flat






2. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






3. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






4. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






5. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






6. An individual about whom or which we have data






7. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






8. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






9. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






10. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






11. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






12. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






13. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






14. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






15. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






16. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






17. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






18. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






19. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






20. Control - randomize - replicate - block






21. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






22. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






23. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






24. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






25. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






26. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






27. The difference between the first and third quartiles






28. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






29. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






30. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






31. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






32. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






33. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






34. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






35. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






36. Summarized with the mean or the median






37. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






38. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






39. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






40. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






41. A sample that consists of the entire population






42. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






43. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






44. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






45. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






46. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






47. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






48. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






49. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






50. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread