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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Displays data that change over time






2. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






3. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






4. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






5. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






6. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






7. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






8. A distribution that's roughly flat






9. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






10. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






11. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






12. Distributions with more than two modes






13. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






14. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






15. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






16. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






17. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






18. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






19. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






20. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






21. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






22. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






23. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






24. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






25. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






26. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






27. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






28. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






29. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






30. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






31. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






32. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






33. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






34. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






35. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






36. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






37. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






38. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






39. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






40. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






41. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






42. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






43. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






44. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






45. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






46. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






47. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






48. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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49. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






50. Numerically valued attribute of a model