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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






2. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






3. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






4. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






5. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






6. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






7. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






8. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






9. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






10. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






11. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






12. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






13. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






14. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






15. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






16. The difference between the first and third quartiles






17. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






18. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






19. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






20. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






21. Distributions with more than two modes






22. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






23. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






24. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






25. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






26. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






27. Anything in a survey design that influences response






28. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






29. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






30. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






31. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






32. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






33. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






34. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






35. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






36. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






37. A sample that consists of the entire population






38. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






39. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






40. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






41. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






42. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






43. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






44. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






45. A distribution that's roughly flat






46. The square root of the variance






47. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






48. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






49. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






50. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant