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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






2. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






3. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






4. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






5. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






6. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






7. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






8. Distributions with more than two modes






9. An individual about whom or which we have data






10. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






11. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






12. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






13. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






14. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






15. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






16. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






17. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






18. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






19. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






20. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






21. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






22. The difference between the first and third quartiles






23. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






24. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






25. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






26. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






27. The ____ we care about most is straight






28. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






29. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






30. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






31. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






32. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






33. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






34. The number of individuals in a sample






35. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






36. Numerically valued attribute of a model






37. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






38. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






39. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






40. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






41. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






42. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






43. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






44. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






45. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






46. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






47. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






48. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






49. Summarized with the mean or the median






50. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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