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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






2. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






3. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






4. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






5. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






6. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






7. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






8. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






9. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






10. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






11. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






12. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






13. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






14. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






15. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






16. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






17. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






18. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






19. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






20. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






21. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






22. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






23. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






24. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






25. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






26. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






27. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






28. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






29. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






30. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






31. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






32. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






33. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






34. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






35. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






36. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






37. The square root of the variance






38. Distributions with two modes






39. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






40. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






41. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






42. Numerically valued attribute of a model






43. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






44. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






45. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






46. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






47. A distribution that's roughly flat






48. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






49. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






50. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units