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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






2. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






3. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






4. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






5. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






6. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






7. An individual result of a component of a simulation






8. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






9. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






10. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






11. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






12. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






13. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






14. A sample that consists of the entire population






15. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






16. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






17. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






18. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






19. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






20. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






21. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






22. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






23. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






24. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






25. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






26. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






27. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






28. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






29. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






30. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






31. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






32. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






33. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






34. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






35. Numerically valued attribute of a model






36. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






37. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






38. The number of individuals in a sample






39. The square root of the variance






40. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






41. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






42. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






43. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






44. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






45. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






46. An individual about whom or which we have data






47. Control - randomize - replicate - block






48. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






49. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






50. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection