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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






2. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






3. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






4. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






5. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






6. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






7. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






8. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






9. Anything in a survey design that influences response






10. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






11. Summarized with the mean or the median






12. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






13. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






14. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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15. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






16. Distributions with more than two modes






17. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






18. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






19. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






20. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






21. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






22. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






23. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






24. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






25. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






26. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






27. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






28. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






29. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






30. An individual about whom or which we have data






31. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






32. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






33. The square root of the variance






34. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






35. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






36. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






37. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






38. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






39. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






40. Numerically valued attribute of a model






41. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






42. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






43. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






44. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






45. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






46. A sample that consists of the entire population






47. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






48. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






49. Displays data that change over time






50. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined