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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






2. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






3. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






4. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






5. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






6. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






7. Numerically valued attribute of a model






8. The square root of the variance






9. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






10. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






11. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






12. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






13. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






14. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






15. A distribution that's roughly flat






16. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






17. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






18. Distributions with more than two modes






19. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






20. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






21. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






22. Summarized with the mean or the median






23. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






24. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






25. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






26. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






27. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






28. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






29. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






30. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages


31. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






32. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






33. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






34. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






35. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






36. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






37. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






38. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






39. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






40. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






41. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






42. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






43. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






44. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






45. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






46. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






47. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






48. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






49. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






50. An individual about whom or which we have data