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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
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Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
intercept
outlier
slope
standard normal model
2. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
data table
randomized block
randomization
r2
3. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
case
single-blind
treatment
standardized value
4. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data
placebo
symmetric
outliers
least squares
5. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
simple random sample
outlier
experiment
normal model
6. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
stem-and-leaf display
random numbers
randomization
outcome
7. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
leverage
sampling frame
multistage sample
voluntary response bias
8. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
response variable
correlation
multistage sample
block
9. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
scatterplots
extrapolation
stratified random sample
units
10. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
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11. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
scatterplots
census
trial
bar chart
12. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
blinding
extrapolation
outliers
random
13. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum
sample size
stratified random sample
normal probability plot
subset
14. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it
simpson's paradox
stem-and-leaf display
quartile
tails
15. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
correlation
trial
intercept
spread
16. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
mode
response variable
correlation
spread
17. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
tails
response bias
normal model
lurking variable
18. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
normal percentile
bimodal
conditional distribution
5-number summary
19. The difference between the first and third quartiles
quantitative variable
strength
interquartile range
stratified random sample
20. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
standardized value
independence
population
68-95-99.7 rule
21. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
bias
principles of experimental design
range
lurking variable
22. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
sample
placebo
least squares
distribution
23. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
regression line
independence
direction
retrospective study
24. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
cluster sample
double-blind
scatterplots
parameter
25. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
simpson's paradox
completely randomized design
median
area principle
26. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
shape
shifting
response
variance
27. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
model
pie chart
undercoverage
sample size
28. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
histogram
context
distribution
dotplot
29. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
mean
5-number summary
conditional distribution
multimodal
30. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
data
z-score
treatment
voluntary response bias
31. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
normal percentile
mode
bias
subset
32. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
regression to the mean
intercept
68-95-99.7 rule
bar chart
33. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
standardizing
population
r2
control group
34. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
frequency table
extrapolation
unimodal
simulation
35. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
sample survey
unimodal
trial
percentile
36. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
skewed
systematic sample
subset
units
37. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
trial
simulation component
data
dotplot
38. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
standardizing
random assignment
least squares
cluster sample
39. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
percentile
observational study
single-blind
simulation component
40. Displays data that change over time
timeplot
simulation
undercoverage
center
41. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
histogram
cluster sample
independence
variable
42. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
data
percentile
statistic
lurking variable
43. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
strength
blinding
bimodal
conditional distribution
44. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
categorical variable
comparing distributions
independence
normal probability plot
45. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
principles of experimental design
census
experimental units
retrospective study
46. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
residuals
linear model
spread
census
47. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
quantitative variable
sample survey
marginal distribution
bias
48. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
direction
range
randomized block
double-blind
49. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
slope
level
scatterplots
comparing distributions
50. The number of individuals in a sample
standard deviation
leverage
dotplot
sample size
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