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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






2. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






3. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






4. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






5. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






6. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






7. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






8. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






9. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






10. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






11. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






12. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






13. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






14. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






15. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






16. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






17. The square root of the variance






18. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






19. An individual about whom or which we have data






20. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






21. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






22. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






23. Anything in a survey design that influences response






24. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






25. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






26. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






27. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






28. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






29. The ____ we care about most is straight






30. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






31. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






32. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






33. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






34. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






35. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






36. A sample that consists of the entire population






37. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






38. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






39. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






40. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






41. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






42. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






43. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






44. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






45. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






46. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






47. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






48. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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49. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






50. The number of individuals in a sample