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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
blinding
case
standardizing
statistically significant
2. An individual result of a component of a simulation
strength
tails
simpson's paradox
outcome
3. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
area principle
boxplot
sample
block
4. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
stratified random sample
simulation
stem-and-leaf display
standard deviation
5. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
statistic
subset
marginal distribution
median
6. Displays data that change over time
timeplot
randomization
stem-and-leaf display
response
7. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
placebo
shifting
principles of experimental design
experimental units
8. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
distribution
changing center and spread
data table
standardizing
9. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
sampling frame
stem-and-leaf display
population parameter
changing center and spread
10. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
shifting
regression to the mean
ladder of powers
mean
11. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
case
sample size
stem-and-leaf display
placebo
12. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
placebo effect
placebo
changing center and spread
confounded
13. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
simulation component
influential point
distribution
voluntary response bias
14. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
data
units
stem-and-leaf display
strength
15. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
timeplot
marginal distribution
range
block
16. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
center
extrapolation
block
standard normal model
17. Control - randomize - replicate - block
standardizing
census
principles of experimental design
subset
18. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
bimodal
distribution
principles of experimental design
independence
19. The ____ we care about most is straight
form
principles of experimental design
tails
timeplot
20. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population
sample
completely randomized design
ladder of powers
statistic
21. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
response variable
response bias
random assignment
tails
22. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable
leverage
units
bar chart
retrospective study
23. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
re-express data
data
simple random sample
population
24. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
confounded
percentile
regression line
completely randomized design
25. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
least squares
response
treatment
systematic sample
26. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
systematic sample
sampling frame
shifting
simple random sample
27. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
sample survey
control group
matching
randomized block
28. An individual about whom or which we have data
z-score
response bias
r2
case
29. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
stratified random sample
factor
trial
retrospective study
30. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
normal model
factor
unimodal
treatment
31. Distributions with more than two modes
ladder of powers
multimodal
nonresponse bias
double-blind
32. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
population
range
experimental units
distribution
33. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
completely randomized design
extrapolation
experiment
spread
34. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
z-score
convenience sample
standard deviation
variable
35. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
distribution
population
pie chart
response variable
36. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
tails
influential point
residuals
z-score
37. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
multistage sample
statistic
independence
quantitative variable
38. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
tails
randomization
undercoverage
skewed
39. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
re-express data
shifting
variance
outcome
40. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
categorical variable
systematic sample
conditional distribution
comparing distributions
41. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
frequency table
prospective study
lurking variable
leverage
42. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
voluntary response bias
parameter
5-number summary
direction
43. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
residuals
confounded
normal model
regression line
44. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
simple random sample
changing center and spread
frequency table
single-blind
45. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
quantitative variable
statistically significant
standard normal model
population
46. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
outlier
median
leverage
standard deviation
47. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
percentile
residuals
population
factor
48. A sample that consists of the entire population
units
treatment
census
center
49. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
center
parameter
scatterplots
experiment
50. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
distribution
predicted value
standardized value
blinding