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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
skewed
least squares
normal model
center
2. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
5-number summary
predicted value
retrospective study
influential point
3. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
range
extrapolation
statistic
simulation
4. Control - randomize - replicate - block
categorical variable
normal probability plot
principles of experimental design
68-95-99.7 rule
5. Summarized with the mean or the median
marginal distribution
matching
center
confounded
6. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
quantitative variable
randomization
variance
response
7. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
area principle
least squares
subset
predicted value
8. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
re-express data
distribution
matching
stem-and-leaf display
9. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
context
5-number summary
shifting
outlier
10. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
simpson's paradox
regression line
cluster sample
single-blind
11. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
variable
observational study
randomization
simpson's paradox
12. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
prospective study
double-blind
model
direction
13. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
blinding
response
68-95-99.7 rule
outlier
14. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
leverage
observational study
bias
random numbers
15. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
skewed
lurking variable
variable
response bias
16. A distribution that's roughly flat
symmetric
rescaling
uniform
units
17. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
distribution
response
comparing distributions
matched
18. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units
area principle
changing center and spread
case
boxplot
19. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
spread
sampling variability
blinding
regression to the mean
20. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random
skewed
simulation
re-express data
simulation component
21. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
normal model
representative
matched
residuals
22. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
outlier
response variable
level
stem-and-leaf display
23. An individual about whom or which we have data
case
simpson's paradox
completely randomized design
68-95-99.7 rule
24. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
z-score
skewed
data
scatterplots
25. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
variable
predicted value
data
blinding
26. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
factor
retrospective study
tails
shifting
27. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____
response
matching
bias
standard normal model
28. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
regression to the mean
influential point
lurking variable
center
29. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
normal probability plot
sample
boxplot
experimental units
30. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
lurking variable
center
response variable
quantitative variable
31. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
trial
sampling frame
normal percentile
simulation
32. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
regression line
mean
block
boxplot
33. The ____ we care about most is straight
quartile
regression to the mean
form
data table
34. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
data
nonresponse bias
experiment
spread
35. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
distribution
undercoverage
completely randomized design
center
36. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
spread
5-number summary
tails
systematic sample
37. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
sampling frame
model
ladder of powers
response variable
38. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
simple random sample
single-blind
placebo
level
39. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
sample survey
percentile
shape
direction
40. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
outcome
ladder of powers
control group
level
41. Distributions with two modes
confounded
spread
standard deviation
bimodal
42. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
sample
normal percentile
variance
outlier
43. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
uniform
statistically significant
standardizing
subset
44. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
slope
completely randomized design
frequency table
least squares
45. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
systematic sample
simulation component
placebo effect
residuals
46. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
completely randomized design
range
mode
leverage
47. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
influential point
68-95-99.7 rule
control group
strength
48. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
marginal distribution
area principle
linear model
range
49. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
confounded
variance
representative
outlier
50. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
dotplot
categorical variable
census
boxplot