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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
residuals
median
normal model
categorical variable
2. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
quantitative variable
placebo
regression line
median
3. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
sampling variability
population parameter
voluntary response bias
prospective study
4. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
sample
systematic sample
least squares
normal percentile
5. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
random
slope
outlier
mode
6. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
randomized block
response variable
response
strength
7. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
mean
shape
blinding
population parameter
8. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
dotplot
convenience sample
5-number summary
stratified random sample
9. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
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10. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
5-number summary
treatment
correlation
cluster sample
11. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ
sampling variability
mode
5-number summary
census
12. Distributions with two modes
bimodal
stem-and-leaf display
strength
skewed
13. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
sampling variability
statistic
sample size
center
14. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
sample size
median
center
distribution
15. The ____ we care about most is straight
independence
bar chart
form
randomized block
16. A sample that consists of the entire population
census
single-blind
factor
statistically significant
17. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
boxplot
model
leverage
normal percentile
18. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it
undercoverage
representative
quartile
principles of experimental design
19. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
correlation
single-blind
histogram
least squares
20. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
area principle
dotplot
ladder of powers
outliers
21. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
level
block
data
double-blind
22. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
census
context
skewed
cluster sample
23. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
data table
prospective study
confounded
comparing distributions
24. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
prospective study
distribution
intercept
r2
25. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
nonresponse bias
double-blind
sample
factor
26. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
regression line
sample survey
outlier
bimodal
27. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
treatment
distribution
bimodal
statistic
28. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
normal model
subset
variable
area principle
29. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
undercoverage
variance
intercept
control group
30. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
level
placebo
simulation component
pie chart
31. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
sample
frequency table
bias
normal model
32. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
statistically significant
sampling frame
influential point
residuals
33. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
percentile
5-number summary
boxplot
simulation component
34. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
prospective study
lurking variable
data table
quartile
35. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
simulation
simulation component
direction
influential point
36. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
linear model
representative
census
treatment
37. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
sampling frame
pie chart
r2
standardized value
38. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
spread
symmetric
correlation
marginal distribution
39. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
variance
blinding
matched
quantitative variable
40. The square root of the variance
units
standard deviation
r2
block
41. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
correlation
interquartile range
control group
bimodal
42. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
randomization
single-blind
shape
predicted value
43. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
form
simulation
independence
cluster sample
44. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
lurking variable
retrospective study
uniform
single-blind
45. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
predicted value
68-95-99.7 rule
standard deviation
quantitative variable
46. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
stem-and-leaf display
sample
dotplot
leverage
47. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
shifting
undercoverage
simpson's paradox
census
48. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
simulation component
randomized block
scatterplots
census
49. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
undercoverage
spread
outlier
r2
50. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
undercoverage
factor
representative
blinding