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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






2. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






3. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






4. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






5. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






6. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






7. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






8. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






9. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






10. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






11. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






12. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






13. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






14. An individual about whom or which we have data






15. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






16. The number of individuals in a sample






17. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






18. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






19. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






20. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






21. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






22. Distributions with two modes






23. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






24. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






25. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






26. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






27. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






28. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






29. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






30. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






31. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






32. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






33. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






34. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






35. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






36. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






37. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






38. An individual result of a component of a simulation






39. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






40. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






41. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






42. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






43. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






44. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






45. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






46. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






47. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






48. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






49. Displays data that change over time






50. The square root of the variance