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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






2. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






3. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






4. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






5. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






6. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






7. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






8. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






9. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






10. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






11. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






12. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






13. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






14. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






15. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






16. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






17. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






18. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






19. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






20. The number of individuals in a sample






21. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






22. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






23. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






24. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






25. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






26. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






27. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






28. The difference between the first and third quartiles






29. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






30. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






31. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






32. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






33. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






34. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






35. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






36. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






37. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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38. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






39. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






40. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






41. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






42. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






43. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






44. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






45. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






46. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






47. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






48. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






49. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






50. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these