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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
correlation
conditional distribution
histogram
units
2. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
uniform
categorical variable
extrapolation
control group
3. Anything in a survey design that influences response
shape
response bias
multimodal
rescaling
4. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
distribution
quartile
normal probability plot
retrospective study
5. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable
quartile
bar chart
influential point
marginal distribution
6. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
leverage
subset
uniform
population
7. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
outliers
distribution
outlier
correlation
8. A distribution that's roughly flat
r2
uniform
standardized value
normal model
9. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
prospective study
response variable
percentile
skewed
10. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
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11. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
normal probability plot
observational study
shifting
sample
12. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
simple random sample
sampling variability
tails
quartile
13. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
population parameter
trial
5-number summary
independence
14. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
leverage
multimodal
model
least squares
15. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
quantitative variable
spread
sample
linear model
16. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
cluster sample
area principle
response variable
comparing distributions
17. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
random
principles of experimental design
sample survey
rescaling
18. Displays data that change over time
outlier
standard normal model
timeplot
quartile
19. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
linear model
percentile
statistically significant
outcome
20. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
data
experiment
histogram
statistic
21. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
convenience sample
lurking variable
completely randomized design
sample
22. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
data table
unimodal
spread
independence
23. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
response
block
nonresponse bias
placebo effect
24. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
simple random sample
sample survey
68-95-99.7 rule
direction
25. An individual result of a component of a simulation
outcome
skewed
extrapolation
statistic
26. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
correlation
rescaling
observational study
population parameter
27. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
tails
histogram
spread
matching
28. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
shifting
spread
experiment
quantitative variable
29. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
double-blind
factor
tails
rescaling
30. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
center
subset
strength
experiment
31. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
undercoverage
range
rescaling
re-express data
32. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
factor
comparing distributions
lurking variable
standardized value
33. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
completely randomized design
trial
subset
timeplot
34. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
quartile
cluster sample
dotplot
experiment
35. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
normal model
comparing distributions
standardized value
cluster sample
36. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
stem-and-leaf display
standardizing
contingency table
residuals
37. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
matched
population
area principle
control group
38. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
standard normal model
randomized block
matching
representative
39. A sample that consists of the entire population
cluster sample
census
placebo effect
systematic sample
40. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
changing center and spread
symmetric
response bias
systematic sample
41. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
changing center and spread
units
outliers
z-score
42. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
tails
representative
matched
standard deviation
43. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
contingency table
form
direction
strength
44. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
shifting
5-number summary
distribution
data table
45. Control - randomize - replicate - block
factor
principles of experimental design
population parameter
comparing distributions
46. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
placebo
regression line
sample survey
multimodal
47. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
voluntary response bias
trial
randomization
extrapolation
48. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
simple random sample
correlation
completely randomized design
confounded
49. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
subset
least squares
form
completely randomized design
50. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
bimodal
factor
percentile
response