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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






2. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






3. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






4. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






5. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






6. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






7. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






8. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






9. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






10. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






11. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






12. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






13. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






14. An individual result of a component of a simulation






15. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






16. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






17. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






18. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






19. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






20. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






21. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






22. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






23. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






24. The difference between the first and third quartiles






25. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






26. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






27. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






28. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






29. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






30. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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31. Distributions with two modes






32. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






33. Displays data that change over time






34. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






35. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






36. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






37. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






38. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






39. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






40. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






41. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






42. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






43. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






44. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






45. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






46. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






47. The ____ we care about most is straight






48. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






49. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






50. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels