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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
histogram
case
symmetric
simple random sample
2. A sample that consists of the entire population
variable
comparing distributions
census
data
3. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
quantitative variable
independence
unimodal
direction
4. The ____ we care about most is straight
dotplot
re-express data
form
contingency table
5. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
dotplot
outlier
model
percentile
6. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
response bias
distribution
percentile
variance
7. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
simple random sample
single-blind
representative
distribution
8. Summarized with the mean or the median
context
response
center
comparing distributions
9. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
bar chart
random assignment
timeplot
range
10. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
parameter
confounded
pie chart
quartile
11. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
68-95-99.7 rule
area principle
bar chart
matching
12. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
quantitative variable
mode
influential point
timeplot
13. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
matching
shifting
spread
experiment
14. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
histogram
factor
placebo
sampling frame
15. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
conditional distribution
influential point
multimodal
extrapolation
16. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
spread
normal probability plot
shifting
variance
17. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
experiment
simulation
factor
shifting
18. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
multistage sample
simpson's paradox
experiment
stem-and-leaf display
19. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
strength
residuals
cluster sample
regression to the mean
20. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
simpson's paradox
tails
interquartile range
direction
21. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
population parameter
unimodal
units
uniform
22. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
percentile
intercept
context
multistage sample
23. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
extrapolation
frequency table
bimodal
outcome
24. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
categorical variable
response
unimodal
sampling frame
25. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
normal probability plot
z-score
stratified random sample
census
26. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
outliers
center
median
timeplot
27. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
skewed
random assignment
cluster sample
sample size
28. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
simpson's paradox
case
random
68-95-99.7 rule
29. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
5-number summary
factor
sample survey
treatment
30. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
voluntary response bias
stem-and-leaf display
blinding
control group
31. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
convenience sample
bar chart
z-score
standardizing
32. The number of individuals in a sample
simulation component
sample size
experiment
population
33. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
pie chart
confounded
experiment
bar chart
34. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
skewed
census
outcome
direction
35. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
distribution
mean
subset
units
36. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
control group
linear model
r2
categorical variable
37. Displays data that change over time
standardizing
control group
timeplot
form
38. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
ladder of powers
intercept
area principle
sampling variability
39. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
observational study
timeplot
response
subset
40. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
dotplot
standardized value
shifting
68-95-99.7 rule
41. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
leverage
changing center and spread
simulation
uniform
42. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
matched
extrapolation
stem-and-leaf display
convenience sample
43. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
pie chart
symmetric
parameter
regression line
44. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
dotplot
predicted value
confounded
blinding
45. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random
confounded
response bias
extrapolation
simulation component
46. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
case
standardizing
confounded
re-express data
47. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
normal percentile
regression to the mean
linear model
sample size
48. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
rescaling
subset
confounded
regression line
49. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
shape
placebo
double-blind
outlier
50. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
population
comparing distributions
standard deviation
distribution