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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






2. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






3. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






4. Anything in a survey design that influences response






5. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






6. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






7. A sample that consists of the entire population






8. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






9. A distribution that's roughly flat






10. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






11. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






12. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






13. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






14. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






15. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






16. An individual result of a component of a simulation






17. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






18. The ____ we care about most is straight






19. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






20. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






21. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






22. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






23. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






24. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






25. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






26. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






27. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






28. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






29. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






30. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






31. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






32. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






33. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






34. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






35. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






36. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






37. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






38. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






39. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






40. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






41. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






42. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






43. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






44. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






45. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






46. The difference between the first and third quartiles






47. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






48. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






49. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






50. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it