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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






2. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






3. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






4. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






5. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






6. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






7. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






8. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






9. A sample that consists of the entire population






10. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






11. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






12. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






13. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






14. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






15. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






16. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






17. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






18. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






19. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






20. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






21. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






22. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






23. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






24. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






25. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






26. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






27. Displays data that change over time






28. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






29. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






30. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






31. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






32. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






33. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






34. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






35. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






36. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






37. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






38. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






39. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






40. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






41. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






42. An individual result of a component of a simulation






43. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






44. The ____ we care about most is straight






45. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






46. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






47. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






48. A distribution that's roughly flat






49. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






50. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship