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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
distribution
spread
data table
symmetric
2. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
pie chart
strength
leverage
5-number summary
3. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
distribution
normal percentile
normal probability plot
simulation
4. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
data table
model
block
ladder of powers
5. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
extrapolation
direction
statistically significant
blinding
6. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
spread
area principle
outlier
statistic
7. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
principles of experimental design
multistage sample
undercoverage
data
8. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
unimodal
normal model
shape
stratified random sample
9. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
units
direction
statistically significant
single-blind
10. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
response bias
outlier
census
simulation
11. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
least squares
variable
pie chart
r2
12. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
random assignment
level
marginal distribution
influential point
13. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
interquartile range
cluster sample
area principle
multistage sample
14. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
ladder of powers
retrospective study
strength
dotplot
15. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
variance
sample size
bar chart
simulation component
16. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
standardizing
population
shifting
sample survey
17. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
contingency table
mean
confounded
marginal distribution
18. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
shape
prospective study
response variable
context
19. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
histogram
interquartile range
factor
subset
20. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
data table
standardizing
model
level
21. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
bias
spread
intercept
r2
22. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
simpson's paradox
matched
census
unimodal
23. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
stem-and-leaf display
nonresponse bias
influential point
control group
24. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
range
random assignment
normal probability plot
interquartile range
25. Distributions with two modes
leverage
completely randomized design
observational study
bimodal
26. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
data table
simulation
completely randomized design
regression to the mean
27. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
leverage
simple random sample
confounded
normal probability plot
28. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
convenience sample
parameter
comparing distributions
completely randomized design
29. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
bias
symmetric
histogram
spread
30. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
response
regression to the mean
histogram
unimodal
31. An individual about whom or which we have data
representative
case
boxplot
double-blind
32. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
sample survey
sample
spread
matching
33. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
interquartile range
observational study
randomization
pie chart
34. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
unimodal
ladder of powers
stratified random sample
variable
35. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
matching
slope
subset
sample size
36. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
center
random numbers
population
simple random sample
37. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
normal model
placebo effect
categorical variable
boxplot
38. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
strength
response
placebo effect
quantitative variable
39. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
conditional distribution
z-score
random numbers
placebo effect
40. A sample that consists of the entire population
independence
census
re-express data
confounded
41. Numerically valued attribute of a model
timeplot
form
conditional distribution
parameter
42. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
normal model
spread
placebo
least squares
43. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
trial
z-score
normal probability plot
block
44. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
68-95-99.7 rule
range
level
timeplot
45. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
multistage sample
5-number summary
sample
strength
46. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
tails
simulation component
data table
conditional distribution
47. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
randomization
regression to the mean
influential point
experiment
48. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
representative
timeplot
unimodal
marginal distribution
49. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
double-blind
z-score
voluntary response bias
random numbers
50. Control - randomize - replicate - block
outcome
principles of experimental design
outliers
68-95-99.7 rule