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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






2. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






3. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






4. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






5. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






6. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






7. Distributions with two modes






8. Displays data that change over time






9. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






10. Control - randomize - replicate - block






11. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






12. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






13. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






14. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






15. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






16. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






17. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






18. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






19. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






20. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






21. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






22. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






23. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






24. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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25. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






26. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






27. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






28. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






29. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






30. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






31. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






32. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






33. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






34. The difference between the first and third quartiles






35. A distribution that's roughly flat






36. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






37. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






38. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






39. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






40. An individual result of a component of a simulation






41. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






42. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






43. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






44. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






45. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






46. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






47. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






48. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






49. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






50. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population