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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






2. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






3. Numerically valued attribute of a model






4. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






5. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






6. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






7. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






8. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






9. The ____ we care about most is straight






10. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






11. Anything in a survey design that influences response






12. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






13. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






14. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






15. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






16. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






17. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






18. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






19. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






20. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






21. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






22. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






23. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






24. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






25. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






26. An individual result of a component of a simulation






27. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






28. Summarized with the mean or the median






29. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






30. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






31. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






32. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






33. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






34. The difference between the first and third quartiles






35. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






36. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






37. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages


38. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






39. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






40. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






41. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






42. Distributions with more than two modes






43. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






44. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






45. A sample that consists of the entire population






46. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






47. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






48. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






49. The square root of the variance






50. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table