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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The number of individuals in a sample






2. An individual about whom or which we have data






3. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






4. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






5. Summarized with the mean or the median






6. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






7. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






8. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






9. Anything in a survey design that influences response






10. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






11. The ____ we care about most is straight






12. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






13. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






14. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






15. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






16. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






17. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






18. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






19. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






20. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






21. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






22. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






23. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






24. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






25. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






26. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






27. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






28. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






29. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






30. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






31. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






32. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






33. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






34. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






35. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






36. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






37. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






38. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






39. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






40. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






41. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






42. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






43. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






44. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






45. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






46. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






47. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






48. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






49. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






50. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population