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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






2. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






3. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






4. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






5. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






6. Distributions with two modes






7. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






8. A distribution that's roughly flat






9. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






10. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






11. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






12. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






13. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






14. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






15. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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16. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






17. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






18. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






19. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






20. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






21. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






22. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






23. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






24. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






25. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






26. A sample that consists of the entire population






27. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






28. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






29. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






30. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






31. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






32. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






33. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






34. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






35. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






36. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






37. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






38. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






39. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






40. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






41. An individual result of a component of a simulation






42. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






43. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






44. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






45. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






46. Anything in a survey design that influences response






47. Displays data that change over time






48. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






49. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






50. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data