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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






2. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






3. The difference between the first and third quartiles






4. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






5. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






6. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






7. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






8. A distribution that's roughly flat






9. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






10. Anything in a survey design that influences response






11. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






12. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






13. Numerically valued attribute of a model






14. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






15. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






16. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






17. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






18. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






19. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






20. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






21. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






22. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






23. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






24. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






25. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






26. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






27. Summarized with the mean or the median






28. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






29. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






30. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






31. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






32. Distributions with more than two modes






33. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






34. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






35. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






36. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






37. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






38. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






39. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






40. The ____ we care about most is straight






41. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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42. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






43. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






44. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






45. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






46. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






47. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






48. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






49. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






50. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data