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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
blinding
sample survey
control group
outlier
2. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
randomized block
systematic sample
experimental units
tails
3. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
comparing distributions
68-95-99.7 rule
treatment
marginal distribution
4. The difference between the first and third quartiles
interquartile range
stem-and-leaf display
confounded
variable
5. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
variable
confounded
block
prospective study
6. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
outlier
spread
context
conditional distribution
7. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
symmetric
confounded
marginal distribution
systematic sample
8. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
factor
statistically significant
representative
correlation
9. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
sampling variability
double-blind
mode
observational study
10. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
intercept
quantitative variable
variable
distribution
11. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
rescaling
random
marginal distribution
confounded
12. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
voluntary response bias
scatterplots
population parameter
normal probability plot
13. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
z-score
placebo effect
re-express data
standard deviation
14. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
pie chart
completely randomized design
frequency table
shifting
15. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
regression to the mean
placebo effect
prospective study
block
16. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
population
tails
response variable
experiment
17. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
undercoverage
context
response
level
18. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
distribution
voluntary response bias
response
matched
19. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
outlier
distribution
scatterplots
prospective study
20. A sample that consists of the entire population
randomized block
data table
pie chart
census
21. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
multimodal
standardized value
subset
marginal distribution
22. Control - randomize - replicate - block
cluster sample
principles of experimental design
parameter
outliers
23. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
tails
influential point
bimodal
population parameter
24. A distribution that's roughly flat
uniform
single-blind
simulation
distribution
25. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
area principle
single-blind
boxplot
double-blind
26. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
representative
units
quartile
standardizing
27. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
least squares
response
stratified random sample
dotplot
28. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
nonresponse bias
slope
experimental units
population parameter
29. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
random
convenience sample
shape
uniform
30. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
standard normal model
sampling frame
variable
statistically significant
31. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
center
influential point
outlier
observational study
32. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population
randomization
sample
interquartile range
strength
33. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
median
units
control group
statistic
34. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
single-blind
sample size
area principle
experimental units
35. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
histogram
representative
normal percentile
standard deviation
36. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
5-number summary
systematic sample
standard normal model
r2
37. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ
sampling variability
representative
shape
response bias
38. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
regression to the mean
random numbers
distribution
randomization
39. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
normal probability plot
sampling variability
subset
mean
40. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
symmetric
double-blind
data
placebo
41. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
changing center and spread
independence
outliers
statistic
42. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
direction
control group
convenience sample
categorical variable
43. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
context
spread
convenience sample
random
44. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
simulation component
center
undercoverage
model
45. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
unimodal
quartile
categorical variable
placebo
46. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
random
area principle
standardizing
z-score
47. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
mode
population parameter
center
matched
48. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
re-express data
percentile
multistage sample
tails
49. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
shifting
randomization
model
multistage sample
50. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
normal model
bar chart
sampling frame
lurking variable