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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






2. Summarized with the mean or the median






3. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






4. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






5. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






6. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






7. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






8. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






9. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






10. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






11. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






12. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






13. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






14. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






15. The number of individuals in a sample






16. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






17. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






18. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






19. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






20. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






21. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






22. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






23. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






24. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






25. Control - randomize - replicate - block






26. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






27. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






28. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






29. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






30. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






31. The ____ we care about most is straight






32. A distribution that's roughly flat






33. A sample that consists of the entire population






34. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






35. Distributions with two modes






36. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






37. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






38. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






39. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






40. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






41. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






42. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






43. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






44. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






45. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






46. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






47. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






48. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






49. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value






50. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value