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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






2. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






3. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






4. The difference between the first and third quartiles






5. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






6. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






7. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






8. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






9. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






10. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






11. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






12. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






13. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






14. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






15. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






16. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






17. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






18. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






19. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






20. A sample that consists of the entire population






21. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






22. Control - randomize - replicate - block






23. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






24. A distribution that's roughly flat






25. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






26. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






27. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






28. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






29. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






30. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






31. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






32. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






33. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






34. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






35. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






36. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






37. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






38. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






39. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






40. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






41. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






42. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






43. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






44. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






45. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






46. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






47. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






48. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






49. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






50. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two