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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






2. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






3. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






4. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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5. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






6. The square root of the variance






7. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






8. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






9. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






10. Numerically valued attribute of a model






11. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






12. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






13. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






14. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






15. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






16. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






17. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






18. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






19. The number of individuals in a sample






20. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






21. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






22. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






23. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






24. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






25. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






26. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






27. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






28. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






29. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






30. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






31. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






32. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






33. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






34. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






35. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






36. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






37. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






38. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






39. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






40. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






41. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






42. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






43. Anything in a survey design that influences response






44. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






45. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






46. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






47. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






48. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






49. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






50. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes