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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






2. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






3. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






4. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






5. Control - randomize - replicate - block






6. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






7. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






8. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






9. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






10. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






11. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






12. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






13. A sample that consists of the entire population






14. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






15. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






16. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






17. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






18. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






19. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






20. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






21. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






22. The square root of the variance






23. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






24. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






25. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






26. Anything in a survey design that influences response






27. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






28. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






29. Summarized with the mean or the median






30. Distributions with more than two modes






31. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






32. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






33. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






34. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






35. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






36. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






37. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






38. The ____ we care about most is straight






39. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






40. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






41. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






42. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






43. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






44. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






45. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






46. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






47. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






48. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






49. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






50. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association