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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






2. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






3. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






4. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






5. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






6. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






7. A sample that consists of the entire population






8. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






9. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






10. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






11. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






12. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






13. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






14. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






15. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






16. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






17. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






18. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






19. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






20. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






21. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






22. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






23. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






24. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






25. Displays data that change over time






26. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






27. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






28. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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29. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






30. An individual about whom or which we have data






31. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






32. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






33. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






34. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






35. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






36. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






37. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






38. Distributions with two modes






39. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






40. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






41. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






42. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






43. The difference between the first and third quartiles






44. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






45. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






46. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






47. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






48. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






49. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






50. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value







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