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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
voluntary response bias
linear model
leverage
correlation
2. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
standard normal model
residuals
5-number summary
principles of experimental design
3. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
distribution
variable
normal percentile
median
4. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
lurking variable
tails
context
randomization
5. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
pie chart
cluster sample
outcome
skewed
6. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
simulation
standardized value
area principle
median
7. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
treatment
spread
histogram
outcome
8. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
trial
retrospective study
re-express data
undercoverage
9. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
conditional distribution
boxplot
standard normal model
direction
10. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
block
distribution
regression line
subset
11. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
5-number summary
unimodal
trial
changing center and spread
12. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
census
treatment
lurking variable
distribution
13. A sample that consists of the entire population
response bias
census
center
experimental units
14. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
symmetric
boxplot
re-express data
control group
15. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
area principle
timeplot
68-95-99.7 rule
influential point
16. The number of individuals in a sample
sample size
slope
median
direction
17. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
form
range
subset
control group
18. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
scatterplots
interquartile range
linear model
68-95-99.7 rule
19. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
area principle
symmetric
multimodal
data table
20. Summarized with the mean or the median
center
matched
simulation
sample size
21. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
spread
units
statistic
matched
22. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
uniform
sampling frame
trial
intercept
23. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor
level
uniform
correlation
lurking variable
24. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
systematic sample
experimental units
bar chart
re-express data
25. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
cluster sample
matching
population parameter
response bias
26. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
marginal distribution
contingency table
spread
confounded
27. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
confounded
data
random assignment
strength
28. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
multimodal
voluntary response bias
mean
undercoverage
29. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
center
observational study
extrapolation
dotplot
30. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
comparing distributions
observational study
skewed
experimental units
31. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
response variable
timeplot
contingency table
slope
32. Displays data that change over time
lurking variable
form
timeplot
standardized value
33. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
stem-and-leaf display
model
sampling frame
response variable
34. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
matching
interquartile range
skewed
context
35. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
bimodal
residuals
z-score
matching
36. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
spread
normal probability plot
random assignment
frequency table
37. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
frequency table
r2
cluster sample
statistically significant
38. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
normal probability plot
rescaling
least squares
shifting
39. An individual result of a component of a simulation
regression line
outcome
changing center and spread
variable
40. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
normal percentile
histogram
bias
r2
41. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
comparing distributions
conditional distribution
influential point
subset
42. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
statistic
blinding
observational study
data
43. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
control group
least squares
placebo effect
boxplot
44. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
blinding
random numbers
cluster sample
completely randomized design
45. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
systematic sample
mean
cluster sample
sample
46. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
conditional distribution
data
skewed
5-number summary
47. Distributions with more than two modes
multimodal
categorical variable
outlier
intercept
48. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
simpson's paradox
systematic sample
pie chart
area principle
49. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
standard deviation
prospective study
placebo effect
uniform
50. Distributions with two modes
random assignment
conditional distribution
bimodal
standardized value