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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






2. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






3. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






4. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






5. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






6. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






7. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






8. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






9. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






10. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






11. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






12. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






13. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






14. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






15. The number of individuals in a sample






16. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






17. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






18. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






19. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






20. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






21. The difference between the first and third quartiles






22. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






23. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






24. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






25. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






26. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






27. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






28. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






29. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






30. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






31. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






32. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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33. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






34. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






35. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






36. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






37. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






38. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






39. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






40. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






41. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






42. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






43. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






44. Distributions with more than two modes






45. The square root of the variance






46. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






47. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






48. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






49. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






50. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes







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