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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Control - randomize - replicate - block
subset
random
principles of experimental design
intercept
2. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
randomized block
placebo
systematic sample
unimodal
3. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
variance
sample
placebo
response
4. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
standardized value
simulation
comparing distributions
percentile
5. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
shape
prospective study
changing center and spread
frequency table
6. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals
least squares
model
normal model
extrapolation
7. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other
skewed
re-express data
standardized value
response variable
8. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
completely randomized design
histogram
undercoverage
r2
9. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
simple random sample
interquartile range
tails
model
10. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
treatment
center
level
randomization
11. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
interquartile range
placebo
bimodal
prospective study
12. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams
units
outlier
variance
randomization
13. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units
changing center and spread
lurking variable
population
outlier
14. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
regression line
independence
blinding
direction
15. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
extrapolation
direction
regression to the mean
spread
16. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
subset
scatterplots
population parameter
unimodal
17. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
form
regression line
standard normal model
treatment
18. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
nonresponse bias
regression line
quartile
random
19. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
z-score
census
independence
placebo effect
20. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
model
center
residuals
extrapolation
21. A distribution that's roughly flat
5-number summary
uniform
outliers
marginal distribution
22. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
sample
mean
units
trial
23. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
intercept
parameter
quantitative variable
distribution
24. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
normal percentile
68-95-99.7 rule
sample size
cluster sample
25. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
statistic
outlier
histogram
outlier
26. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population
matching
68-95-99.7 rule
shape
sample size
27. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
rescaling
categorical variable
matched
outcome
28. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
experimental units
extrapolation
model
experiment
29. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
standard deviation
level
intercept
contingency table
30. The difference between the first and third quartiles
lurking variable
interquartile range
histogram
data
31. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
sample size
percentile
tails
regression to the mean
32. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
influential point
spread
linear model
spread
33. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
standardizing
variance
tails
multistage sample
34. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
stem-and-leaf display
regression to the mean
data table
interquartile range
35. Numerically valued attribute of a model
comparing distributions
outcome
systematic sample
parameter
36. Distributions with two modes
subset
multimodal
bimodal
68-95-99.7 rule
37. The square root of the variance
interquartile range
area principle
standard deviation
sample size
38. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
slope
uniform
bar chart
matched
39. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
systematic sample
median
double-blind
response bias
40. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count
single-blind
categorical variable
mean
interquartile range
41. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
simulation component
random numbers
least squares
conditional distribution
42. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
multistage sample
mode
direction
5-number summary
43. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
context
independence
prospective study
bar chart
44. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
outlier
percentile
shape
statistic
45. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
population parameter
model
control group
lurking variable
46. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
re-express data
mean
regression line
least squares
47. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
correlation
standardized value
normal model
distribution
48. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
prospective study
response
census
pie chart
49. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
population
symmetric
population parameter
least squares
50. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
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