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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






2. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






3. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






4. An individual result of a component of a simulation






5. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






6. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






7. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






8. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






9. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






10. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






11. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






12. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






13. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






14. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






15. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






16. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






17. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






18. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






19. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped






20. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






21. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






22. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






23. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






24. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line






25. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






26. Distributions with two modes






27. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






28. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






29. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






30. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






31. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






32. Numerically valued attribute of a model






33. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






34. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






35. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






36. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






37. The number of individuals in a sample






38. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






39. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






40. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






41. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






42. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






43. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






44. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






45. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






46. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






47. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






48. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






49. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






50. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes