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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
placebo
pie chart
statistic
randomization
2. The number of individuals in a sample
placebo
subset
sample size
outlier
3. Control - randomize - replicate - block
principles of experimental design
placebo
area principle
systematic sample
4. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
data table
direction
strength
variance
5. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
random numbers
standardizing
ladder of powers
spread
6. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
stem-and-leaf display
control group
standard deviation
residuals
7. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
sample
experiment
blinding
nonresponse bias
8. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
contingency table
changing center and spread
lurking variable
histogram
9. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
prospective study
outliers
timeplot
confounded
10. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
frequency table
extrapolation
distribution
treatment
11. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
systematic sample
data
dotplot
observational study
12. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
stratified random sample
double-blind
normal probability plot
retrospective study
13. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
influential point
outlier
factor
distribution
14. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
slope
simulation
normal percentile
rescaling
15. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
sample
tails
stratified random sample
population parameter
16. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship
bias
census
dotplot
strength
17. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
comparing distributions
quantitative variable
randomization
influential point
18. Distributions with more than two modes
response
linear model
multimodal
simple random sample
19. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these
block
population
bar chart
standard normal model
20. A distribution that's roughly flat
randomized block
uniform
predicted value
principles of experimental design
21. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
bimodal
rescaling
population parameter
systematic sample
22. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
contingency table
observational study
outlier
ladder of powers
23. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it
area principle
quartile
placebo effect
contingency table
24. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
ladder of powers
voluntary response bias
response variable
sample survey
25. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
double-blind
rescaling
center
census
26. Anything in a survey design that influences response
response bias
uniform
conditional distribution
5-number summary
27. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
matching
slope
double-blind
random
28. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean
boxplot
regression to the mean
response variable
single-blind
29. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
interquartile range
dotplot
scatterplots
skewed
30. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
conditional distribution
standard normal model
form
sampling variability
31. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
distribution
completely randomized design
percentile
factor
32. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters
shifting
representative
interquartile range
statistic
33. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
5-number summary
residuals
quantitative variable
tails
34. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
shape
bar chart
interquartile range
random numbers
35. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
subset
unimodal
blinding
control group
36. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
matching
experiment
distribution
center
37. Numerically valued attribute of a model
normal percentile
stem-and-leaf display
response bias
parameter
38. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
convenience sample
slope
standard normal model
range
39. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
timeplot
randomization
double-blind
percentile
40. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x
population parameter
completely randomized design
r2
spread
41. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
shape
boxplot
response bias
standardized value
42. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small
multimodal
control group
random
leverage
43. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
placebo
independence
quantitative variable
model
44. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other
census
placebo effect
independence
median
45. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
symmetric
r2
convenience sample
conditional distribution
46. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition
shifting
confounded
unimodal
normal probability plot
47. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
sample survey
simulation
units
blinding
48. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
placebo
spread
matched
distribution
49. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below
normal percentile
placebo effect
nonresponse bias
symmetric
50. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
parameter
data
standardizing
confounded