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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






2. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






3. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






4. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






5. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






6. Control - randomize - replicate - block






7. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






8. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






9. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






10. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






11. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






12. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






13. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






14. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






15. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






16. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






17. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






18. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






19. The square of the correlation between y and x; gives the fraction of the variability of y accounted for by the least squares linear regression on x; an overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating y to x






20. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






21. A sample that consists of the entire population






22. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






23. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






24. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






25. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






26. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






27. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






28. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






29. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






30. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






31. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






32. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






33. Distributions with more than two modes






34. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






35. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






36. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






37. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






38. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






39. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






40. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






41. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






42. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






43. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






44. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






45. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






46. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






47. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






48. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






49. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






50. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values