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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






2. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






3. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






4. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






5. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






6. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






7. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






8. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






9. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






10. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






11. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






12. A sample that consists of the entire population






13. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






14. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






15. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






16. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






17. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






18. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






19. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






20. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






21. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






22. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






23. Distributions with more than two modes






24. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






25. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






26. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






27. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






28. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






29. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






30. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






31. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






32. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






33. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






34. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






35. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






36. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






37. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






38. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






39. The difference between the first and third quartiles






40. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






41. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






42. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






43. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






44. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






45. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






46. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






47. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






48. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






49. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






50. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other