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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






2. An individual result of a component of a simulation






3. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






4. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model






5. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






6. Displays data that change over time






7. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






8. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






9. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






10. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






11. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






12. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






13. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






14. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






15. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






16. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






17. Control - randomize - replicate - block






18. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






19. The ____ we care about most is straight






20. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






21. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in






22. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






23. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






24. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






25. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






26. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






27. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






28. An individual about whom or which we have data






29. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






30. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






31. Distributions with more than two modes






32. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






33. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






34. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






35. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






36. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






37. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






38. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






39. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






40. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






41. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






42. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






43. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






44. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






45. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






46. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






47. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






48. A sample that consists of the entire population






49. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






50. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation