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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The number of individuals in a sample






2. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






3. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1






4. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






5. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






6. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






7. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded






8. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






9. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






10. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






11. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






12. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






13. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






14. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






15. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






16. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






17. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






18. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






19. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






20. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






21. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






22. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






23. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






24. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population






25. A distribution that's roughly flat






26. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






27. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






28. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table






29. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






30. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






31. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






32. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






33. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






34. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






35. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






36. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






37. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






38. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






39. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






40. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






41. Numerically valued attribute of a model






42. A sample that consists of the entire population






43. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






44. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






45. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






46. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






47. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






48. Distributions with two modes






49. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






50. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped