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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






2. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






3. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






4. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data






5. The lower of this is the value with a quarter of the data below it; the upper of this has a quarter of the data above it






6. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






7. Distributions with two modes






8. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






9. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






10. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






11. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






12. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






13. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






14. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






15. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






16. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






17. Each predicted y-hat tends to be fewer standard deviations from its mean than its corresponding x was from its mean






18. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data






19. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






20. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






21. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






22. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






23. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot






24. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






25. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant






26. A scatterplot shows an association that is this if there is little scatter around the underlying relationship






27. The ____ we care about most is straight






28. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






29. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






30. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






31. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






32. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






33. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






34. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






35. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






36. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






37. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available






38. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






39. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






40. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






41. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






42. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






43. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages


44. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






45. A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement - such as dollars - hours - or grams






46. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value






47. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






48. An individual result of a component of a simulation






49. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






50. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1