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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0
response variable
intercept
retrospective study
leverage
2. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
random
boxplot
pie chart
independence
3. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean
68-95-99.7 rule
trial
regression to the mean
confounded
4. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
population parameter
data table
convenience sample
response
5. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
changing center and spread
ladder of powers
regression line
categorical variable
6. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
control group
principles of experimental design
strength
least squares
7. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
random numbers
trial
population
stratified random sample
8. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
re-express data
normal probability plot
confounded
multistage sample
9. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
center
statistic
lurking variable
normal model
10. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units
normal probability plot
quantitative variable
ladder of powers
standard normal model
11. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
stratified random sample
parameter
linear model
range
12. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
matched
5-number summary
blinding
changing center and spread
13. Displays data that change over time
outlier
multimodal
conditional distribution
timeplot
14. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
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15. Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available
convenience sample
subset
outlier
timeplot
16. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions
normal model
independence
stem-and-leaf display
statistically significant
17. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
nonresponse bias
experimental units
mean
spread
18. Distributions with two modes
bias
bimodal
sample survey
response bias
19. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
multimodal
bar chart
simple random sample
level
20. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
systematic sample
units
comparing distributions
factor
21. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
simulation
treatment
data
direction
22. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data
voluntary response bias
cluster sample
percentile
bar chart
23. The square root of the variance
population parameter
standard deviation
comparing distributions
boxplot
24. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
outlier
least squares
simulation
bias
25. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
mean
shifting
r2
symmetric
26. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
case
statistic
experimental units
retrospective study
27. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
outcome
unimodal
pie chart
r2
28. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
outlier
correlation
response
multistage sample
29. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
placebo effect
nonresponse bias
r2
center
30. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
standard normal model
standardizing
multimodal
stem-and-leaf display
31. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
trial
data table
categorical variable
stem-and-leaf display
32. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
population parameter
quantitative variable
r2
scatterplots
33. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
dotplot
independence
units
experimental units
34. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
categorical variable
nonresponse bias
outlier
mean
35. The difference between the first and third quartiles
simulation component
variance
interquartile range
unimodal
36. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
quartile
stratified random sample
factor
nonresponse bias
37. A sample that consists of the entire population
5-number summary
direction
census
sampling variability
38. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
stem-and-leaf display
response
double-blind
single-blind
39. The ____ we care about most is straight
sampling frame
scatterplots
form
units
40. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
placebo
outcome
cluster sample
influential point
41. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units
changing center and spread
skewed
simpson's paradox
statistically significant
42. Control - randomize - replicate - block
ladder of powers
principles of experimental design
multimodal
normal percentile
43. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
sampling variability
symmetric
statistically significant
census
44. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
treatment
random numbers
z-score
sample
45. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place
shifting
trial
voluntary response bias
interquartile range
46. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
contingency table
variance
area principle
response
47. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
mean
area principle
placebo
convenience sample
48. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
data
prospective study
statistic
factor
49. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
multimodal
subset
distribution
5-number summary
50. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
data table
data
context
direction