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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
categorical variable
variance
data
parameter
2. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
census
outlier
center
model
3. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
sampling frame
representative
response variable
normal percentile
4. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
range
data
68-95-99.7 rule
extrapolation
5. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
distribution
response bias
bias
variable
6. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random
level
random assignment
changing center and spread
r2
7. Numerically valued attribute of a model
simulation
center
response bias
parameter
8. The square root of the variance
standard deviation
units
placebo effect
spread
9. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
shifting
prospective study
pie chart
voluntary response bias
10. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
sample
unimodal
stem-and-leaf display
outlier
11. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
dotplot
normal probability plot
boxplot
form
12. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion
regression line
predicted value
response
systematic sample
13. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
rescaling
multistage sample
standard normal model
lurking variable
14. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
subset
single-blind
prospective study
5-number summary
15. A distribution that's roughly flat
single-blind
rescaling
parameter
uniform
16. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases
regression to the mean
single-blind
observational study
variable
17. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
statistic
lurking variable
5-number summary
normal percentile
18. Distributions with more than two modes
distribution
quartile
multimodal
census
19. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases
scatterplots
direction
interquartile range
double-blind
20. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
simpson's paradox
random
symmetric
lurking variable
21. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment
strength
intercept
control group
tails
22. Summarized with the mean or the median
slope
center
parameter
range
23. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate
center
contingency table
parameter
area principle
24. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other
sample size
r2
symmetric
area principle
25. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
variance
single-blind
mean
context
26. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
standardized value
context
response
bar chart
27. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
histogram
parameter
simple random sample
population parameter
28. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
scatterplots
completely randomized design
simulation
response variable
29. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
distribution
5-number summary
units
voluntary response bias
30. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
31. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
center
subset
regression to the mean
bias
32. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
sampling frame
sample size
statistically significant
systematic sample
33. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness
stratified random sample
experiment
outlier
shape
34. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
matched
standardized value
randomized block
single-blind
35. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
factor
random numbers
treatment
statistic
36. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ
sampling variability
slope
random numbers
randomization
37. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'
shifting
independence
spread
nonresponse bias
38. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest
experiment
mode
matched
tails
39. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
randomization
simple random sample
control group
bar chart
40. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
area principle
least squares
simple random sample
tails
41. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
matching
context
predicted value
interquartile range
42. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
linear model
sample
conditional distribution
prospective study
43. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
direction
least squares
simple random sample
normal model
44. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
linear model
categorical variable
cluster sample
confounded
45. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum
ladder of powers
principles of experimental design
stratified random sample
simpson's paradox
46. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
retrospective study
mode
spread
completely randomized design
47. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
z-score
sample size
standardizing
least squares
48. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread
comparing distributions
census
statistically significant
stem-and-leaf display
49. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed
experimental units
trial
frequency table
cluster sample
50. An individual about whom or which we have data
re-express data
nonresponse bias
lurking variable
case