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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
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Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The number of individuals in a sample
linear model
changing center and spread
sample size
blinding
2. Design Randomization occurring within blocks
experiment
68-95-99.7 rule
randomized block
experimental units
3. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo
standard deviation
completely randomized design
standardizing
placebo effect
4. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
outlier
bar chart
marginal distribution
statistic
5. An individual about whom or which we have data
percentile
outlier
normal probability plot
case
6. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two
lurking variable
least squares
comparing distributions
timeplot
7. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
quantitative variable
random
least squares
statistic
8. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
cluster sample
outlier
bar chart
stem-and-leaf display
9. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____
influential point
outlier
response
68-95-99.7 rule
10. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter
factor
spread
level
strength
11. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
double-blind
tails
range
stratified random sample
12. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
distribution
predicted value
regression line
response bias
13. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
randomized block
residuals
placebo
trial
14. Displays data that change over time
case
timeplot
contingency table
regression to the mean
15. A distribution that's roughly flat
normal model
boxplot
uniform
double-blind
16. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category
experimental units
frequency table
dotplot
voluntary response bias
17. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random
random numbers
sampling frame
extrapolation
cluster sample
18. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
block
shifting
conditional distribution
distribution
19. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages
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20. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
level
multistage sample
convenience sample
simpson's paradox
21. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated
independence
confounded
percentile
sample
22. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x
percentile
normal model
placebo
linear model
23. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR
standardizing
scatterplots
shifting
principles of experimental design
24. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals
variable
prospective study
conditional distribution
units
25. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
experiment
boxplot
68-95-99.7 rule
marginal distribution
26. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
sample survey
distribution
median
placebo effect
27. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
multistage sample
statistically significant
regression to the mean
direction
28. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable
single-blind
tails
data table
outcome
29. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
variance
simulation component
correlation
prospective study
30. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data
outcome
matching
statistically significant
subset
31. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments
cluster sample
response
intercept
multistage sample
32. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
frequency table
z-score
representative
slope
33. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set
experiment
re-express data
spread
frequency table
34. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed
rescaling
pie chart
placebo
observational study
35. A value that attempts the impossible by summarizing the entire distribution with a single number - a 'typical' value
census
bar chart
center
observational study
36. The ____ we care about most is straight
form
contingency table
normal model
median
37. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable
lurking variable
random
bar chart
multimodal
38. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
statistically significant
sampling variability
factor
model
39. Distributions with more than two modes
population parameter
tails
multimodal
variable
40. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
direction
conditional distribution
mean
random assignment
41. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related
frequency table
variance
normal model
lurking variable
42. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values
intercept
response bias
response variable
random numbers
43. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data
lurking variable
frequency table
statistic
convenience sample
44. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model
simple random sample
simulation
response variable
double-blind
45. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes
response variable
pie chart
simulation
standardizing
46. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
skewed
linear model
area principle
regression to the mean
47. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
independence
statistically significant
pie chart
parameter
48. Places in order the effects that many re-expressions have on the data
cluster sample
ladder of powers
factor
skewed
49. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection
outliers
randomization
model
control group
50. Multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position and the measures of spread by that constant
rescaling
spread
shifting
control group
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