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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






2. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






3. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






4. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






5. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






6. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






7. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






8. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






9. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






10. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






11. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






12. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






13. A sample that consists of the entire population






14. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






15. When omitting a point from the data results in a very different regression model - the point is an ____






16. The number of individuals in a sample






17. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






18. In a normal model - about 68% of values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean - about 95% fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean - and about 99.7% fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean






19. A distribution is this if the two halves on either side of the center look approximately like mirror images of each other






20. Summarized with the mean or the median






21. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






22. This - b0 - gives a starting value in y-units; it's the y-hat-value when x is 0






23. The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor






24. We do this by taking the logarithm - the square root - the reciprocal - or some other mathematical operation on all values in the data set






25. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






26. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






27. When the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated






28. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






29. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






30. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






31. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






32. Displays data that change over time






33. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






34. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed






35. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






36. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






37. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count or percentage of observations for each category






38. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






39. An individual result of a component of a simulation






40. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values






41. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






42. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






43. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






44. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






45. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






46. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context






47. Distributions with more than two modes






48. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






49. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






50. Distributions with two modes