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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






2. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






3. Found by summing all the data values and dividing by the count






4. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






5. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






6. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






7. Displays data that change over time






8. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






9. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






10. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






11. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined






12. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)






13. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation






14. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






15. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






16. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






17. Individuals on whom an experiment is performed






18. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






19. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






20. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






21. The ____ we care about most is straight






22. When groups of experimental units are similar - it is a good idea to gather them together into these






23. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






24. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






25. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






26. Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population; common errors are voluntary response - undercoverage - nonresponse ____ - and response ____






27. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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28. Control - randomize - replicate - block






29. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






30. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






31. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






32. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it






33. Any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups






34. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






35. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






36. Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases






37. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded






38. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






39. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






40. The difference between the first and third quartiles






41. Done to eliminate units; values can be compared and combined even if the original variables had different units and magnitudes






42. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






43. A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population






44. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






45. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






46. The most basic situation in a simulation in which something happens at random






47. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis






48. Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods






49. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage






50. An individual result of a component of a simulation