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Test your basic knowledge |
AP Statistics Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
statistics
,
ap
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation
standardized value
level
area principle
range
2. Graphs a dot for each case against a single axis
dotplot
5-number summary
parameter
direction
3. A representative subset of a population - examined in hope of learning about the population
sampling frame
sample
retrospective study
sampling variability
4. Found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line
predicted value
tails
symmetric
experiment
5. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median
5-number summary
intercept
uniform
standardizing
6. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen
extrapolation
random
standardized value
cluster sample
7. Gives the possible values of the variable and the frequency or relative frequency of each value
distribution
predicted value
interquartile range
placebo effect
8. Systematically recorded information - whether numbers or labels - together with its context
simulation
cluster sample
changing center and spread
data
9. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum
stratified random sample
retrospective study
quantitative variable
cluster sample
10. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units
categorical variable
treatment
timeplot
correlation
11. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
residuals
z-score
variance
nonresponse bias
12. An observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
variable
rescaling
double-blind
retrospective study
13. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one
timeplot
convenience sample
correlation
variance
14. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
control group
distribution
simple random sample
nonresponse bias
15. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
histogram
prospective study
treatment
spread
16. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area
sample
representative
area principle
shape
17. Having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
unimodal
variance
spread
retrospective study
18. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association
variance
matching
observational study
correlation
19. Any data point that stands away from the others; can be extraordinary by having a large residual or by having high leverage
z-score
outlier
random
regression line
20. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment
randomized block
center
completely randomized design
standardized value
21. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data
single-blind
quartile
population
outliers
22. The square root of the variance
unimodal
shifting
standard deviation
convenience sample
23. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
block
data table
population
shifting
24. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels
experiment
marginal distribution
quartile
stem-and-leaf display
25. The distribution of either variable alone in a contingency table; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table
changing center and spread
slope
marginal distribution
ladder of powers
26. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y
standardizing
normal model
outliers
slope
27. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short
response variable
tails
sample survey
retrospective study
28. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range
subset
cluster sample
representative
spread
29. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
boxplot
voluntary response bias
z-score
center
30. A point that does not fit the overall pattern seen in the scatterplot
randomization
simulation
simulation component
outlier
31. Shows quantitative data values in a way that sketches the distribution of the data
treatment
stem-and-leaf display
data
shifting
32. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units
z-score
simulation component
changing center and spread
strength
33. Values of this record the results of each trial with respect to what we were interested in
response variable
units
blinding
random
34. Ideally tells who was measured - what was measured - how the data were collected - where the data were collected - and when and why the study was performed
dotplot
leverage
context
categorical variable
35. A normal model with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
blinding
linear model
observational study
standard normal model
36. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted
extrapolation
5-number summary
parameter
stem-and-leaf display
37. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample
factor
categorical variable
voluntary response bias
sample
38. Uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of vales in a quantitative variable; each bar represents the frequency (or relative frequency) of values falling in an interval of values
categorical variable
voluntary response bias
lurking variable
histogram
39. When either those who could influence or evaluate the results is blinded
extrapolation
boxplot
single-blind
marginal distribution
40. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative
regression to the mean
random
direction
double-blind
41. Control - randomize - replicate - block
principles of experimental design
symmetric
variance
comparing distributions
42. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally
statistically significant
skewed
block
unimodal
43. The middle value with half of the data above and half below it
median
scatterplots
experiment
dotplot
44. A distribution that's roughly flat
lurking variable
regression to the mean
uniform
bar chart
45. When both those who could influence and evaluate the results are blinded
single-blind
double-blind
voluntary response bias
standard deviation
46. A sample that consists of the entire population
direction
linear model
blinding
census
47. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed
linear model
mode
outcome
representative
48. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality
uniform
standard deviation
simulation component
model
49. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value
subset
simple random sample
bimodal
residuals
50. A variable that names categories (whether with words or numerals)
distribution
categorical variable
systematic sample
multimodal