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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A numerical measure of the direction and strength of a linear association






2. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






3. Anything in a survey design that influences response






4. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






5. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






6. The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn






7. Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value






8. A distribution that's roughly flat






9. An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes






10. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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11. Adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean - the median - and the quartiles - but does not change the standard deviation or IQR






12. This of sample size n is one in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection






13. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






14. An equation or formula that simplifies and represents reality






15. A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around the 'center'






16. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






17. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






18. Displays data that change over time






19. An equation of the form y-hat = b0 + b1x






20. Value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data






21. A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables - accounting for the correlation between the two






22. Summarized with the standard deviation - interquartile range - and range






23. The tendency of many human subjects (often 20% or more of experiment subjects) to show a response even when administered a placebo






24. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






25. An individual result of a component of a simulation






26. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






27. Any attempt to force a sample to resemble specified attributes of the population






28. A variable in which the numbers act as numerical values; always has units






29. The parts of a distribution that typically trail off on either side; they can be characterized as long or short






30. If data consist of two or more groups that have been thrown together - it is usually best to fit different linear models to each group than to try to fit a single model to all of the data






31. A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population






32. A variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related






33. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






34. Manipulates factor levels to create treatments - randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels - and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment levels






35. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






36. The differences between data values and the corresponding values predicted by the regression model; ____ = observed value - predicted value






37. In a statistical display - each data value should be represented by the same amount of area






38. Design Randomization occurring within blocks






39. A sample that consists of the entire population






40. A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame






41. Tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one






42. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






43. Displays counts and - sometimes - percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables; categorizes the individuals on all variables at once - to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the cate






44. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






45. Control - randomize - replicate - block






46. A treatment known to have no effect - administered so that all groups experience the same conditions






47. The best defense against bias - in which each individual is given a fair - random chance of selection






48. All experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment






49. This criterion specifies the unique line that minimizes the variance of the residuals or - equivalently - the sum of the squared residuals






50. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data