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AP Statistics Vocab

Subjects : statistics, ap
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The linear equation y-hat = b0 + b1x that satisfies the least squares criterion






2. Data points whose x-values are far from the mean of x are said to exert ____ on a linear model; with high enough ____ - residuals can appear to be deceptively small






3. A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations - and random samples are then drawn from each stratum






4. Gives a value in 'y-units per x-unit'; changes of one unit in x are associated with changes of b1 units in predicted values of y






5. Displays data that change over time






6. An event is this if we know what outcomes could happen - but not which particular values will happen






7. Control - randomize - replicate - block






8. This corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below






9. A display to help assess whether a distribution of data is approximately normal; if it is nearly straight - the data satisfy the nearly normal condition






10. The sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place






11. These are hard to generate - but several websites offer an unlimited supply of equally likely random values






12. To describe this aspect of a distribution - look for single vs. multiple modes - and symmetry vs. skewness






13. A hump or local high point in the shape of the distribution of a variable; the apparent locations of these can change as the scale of a histogram is changed






14. A distribution is this if it's not symmetric and one tail stretches out farther than the other






15. A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn






16. A positive ____ or association means that - in general - as one variable increases - so does the other; when increases in one variable generally correspond to decreases in the other - the association is negative






17. Variables are said to be this if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other






18. The distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individuals






19. Shows a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable






20. Although linear models provide an easy way to predict values of y for a given value of x - it is unsafe to predict for values of x far from the ones used to find the linear model equation; predictions should not be trusted






21. When doing this - consider their shape - center - and spread






22. Displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values






23. The ith ___ is the number that falls above i% of the data






24. Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same cases






25. A variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter






26. A variable whose values are compared across different treatments






27. Shows how a 'whole' divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category






28. Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample






29. When averages are taken across different groups - they can appear to contradict the overall averages

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30. A sample is this if the statistics computed from it accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters






31. The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level - typically either the default treatment - which is well understood - or a null - placebo treatment






32. An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable






33. Useful family of models for unimodal - symmetric distributions






34. Extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data






35. The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ






36. When an observed difference is too large for us to believe that is is likely to have occurred naturally






37. To be valid - an experiment must assign experimental units to treatment groups at random






38. An individual about whom or which we have data






39. A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed






40. Doing this is equivalent to changing its units






41. A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population






42. In a retrospective or prospective study Subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be ____ and then compared with each other on the variables of interest






43. An individual result of a component of a simulation






44. A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random






45. Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond






46. The process - intervention - or other controlled circumstance applied to randomly assigned experimental units






47. The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set






48. Consists of the minimum and maximum - the quartiles Q1 and Q3 - and the median






49. The sum of squared deviations from the mean - divided by the count minus one






50. Models random events by using random numbers to specify event outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model