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Behavioral Neuroscience

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Areas of the nervous system composed predominantly of cell bodies and blood vessels that function either to collect and modify information or to support this activity.






2. Synonym for mind - an entity once proposed to be the source of human behavior.






3. Central structures of the brain - including the hindbrain - midbrain - thalamus - and hypothalamus - responsible for most unconscious behavior.






4. Phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly - suggesting a taxonomy of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise.






5. Part of the central nervous system encased within the vertebrae (spinal column) tat provides most of the connections between the brain and the rest of the body.






6. The brain and spinal cord that together mediate behavior.






7. Map of the neocortex based on the organization - structure - and distribution of the cells.






8. Fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres to provide a route for direct communication between them.






9. Increase in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






10. The 'between brain' that integrates sensory and motor information on its way to the cerebral cortex.






11. Process in which maturation is delayed - and so an adult retains infant characteristics; idea derived from the observation that newly evolved species resemble the young of their common ancestors.






12. Approved experiment directed toward developing a treatment.






13. Decrease in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






14. Evolutionarily the oldest part of the brain; contains pons - medulla - reticular formation - and cerebellum structures that coordinate and control most voluntary and involuntary movements.






15. All the neurons in the body located outside the brain and the spinal cord; provides sensory and motor connections to and from the CNS






16. Three layers of protective tissue - dura mater - arachnoid - and pia mater - that encase the brain and spinal cord.






17. Areas of the nervous system rich in fat-sheathed neural axons that form the connections between brain cells.






18. Disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex - amygdala - hippocampus - among other str






19. Collection of nerve cells that function somewhat like a brain.






20. Major structure of the forebrain - consisting of two virtually identical hemispheres (left and right) and responsible for most conscious behavior.






21. Outer layer of brain-tissue surface composed of neurons; the human cerebral cortex is heavily folded.






22. One of a set of 12 nerve pairs that control sensory and motor functions of the head - neck - and internal organs.






23. Harry Jerison's quantitative measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size - according to the principle of proper mass - for an animal of a particular body size.






24. Diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is integrated into the appropriate region of the neocortex.






25. Evolutionarily the newest part of the brain; coordinates advanced cognitive functions such as thinking - planning - and language; contains the limbic system - basal ganglia - and the neocortex.






26. Disorder of the motor system correlated with a loss of dopamine in the brain an characterized by tremors - muscular rigidity - and a reduction in voluntary movement.

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27. Darwin's theory for explaining how new species evolve and how existing species change over time. Differential success in the reproduction of different characteristics (phenotypes) results from the interaction of organisms with their environment.






28. Conducting away from the central nervous system structure.






29. Part of the autonomic nervous system; arouses the body for action - such as mediating the involuntary fight-or-flight response to alarm by increasing hear rate and blood pressure.






30. Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior.






31. Division into a number of parts that are similar; refers to the idea that many animals - including vertebrates - are composed of similarly organized body segments.






32. Roof (area above the ventricle) of the midbrain; its functions are sensory processing - particular visual and auditory - and the production of orienting movements.






33. The general principle that sensory fibers are located dorsally and motors fibers are located ventrally.






34. Of the mind; an explanation of behavior as a function of the nonmaterial mind.






35. Midbrain area in which nuclei and fiber pathways are mixed - producing a netlike appearance; associated with sleep-wake behavior and behavioral arousal.






36. Surgical removal of a cerebral hemisphere.






37. Literally - half a sphere - referring to one side of the cerebral cortex or of one side of the cerebellum.






38. Major structure of the brainstem specialized for coordinating and learning skilled movements. In large-brained animals - it may also have a role in the coordination of other mental processes.






39. Quandary of explaining a nonmaterial mind in command of a material body.






40. Forbearer from which two or more lineages or family groups arise and so is ancestral to both groups.






41. Group of organisms that can interbreed.






42. Simple nervous system that has no brain or spinal cord but consists of neurons that receive sensory information and connect directly to other neurons that move muscles.






43. Part of the PNS that includes the cranial and spinal nerves to and from the muscles - joints - and skin that produce movement - transmit incoming sensory input - and inform the CNS about the position and movement of body parts.






44. Subcortical forebrain nuclei that coordinate voluntary movements of the limbs and body; connected to the thalamus and to the midbrain.






45. That holds that both a nonmaterial mind and the material body contribute to behavior.






46. Disorder of the basal ganglia characterized by tics; involuntary vocalizations (including curse words and animal sounds); and odd - involuntary movements of the body; especially of the face and head.

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47. Part of the autonomic nervous system; acts in opposition to the sympathetic division- for example - preparing the body to rest and digest by reversing the alarm response or stimulating digestion.






48. Newest - outer layer (new bark) of the forebrain and composed of about six layers of gray matter that creates or reality.






49. Idea that selection for improved brain cooling through increased blood circulation in the brains of early hominids enabled the brain to grow larger.






50. Body plan in which organs or parts present on both sides of the body are mirror images in appearance.