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Behavioral Neuroscience

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Outer layer of brain-tissue surface composed of neurons; the human cerebral cortex is heavily folded.






2. A small protrusion or bump formed by the folding of the cerebral cortex.






3. Cortex that functions in connection with hearing - language - and musical abilities and lies below the lateral fissure - beneath the temporal bone at the side of the lobe.






4. Proposed nonmaterial entity responsible for intelligence - attention - awareness and consciousness.






5. Three layers of protective tissue - dura mater - arachnoid - and pia mater - that encase the brain and spinal cord.






6. Forbearer from which two or more lineages or family groups arise and so is ancestral to both groups.






7. Map of the neocortex based on the organization - structure - and distribution of the cells.






8. Idea that selection for improved brain cooling through increased blood circulation in the brains of early hominids enabled the brain to grow larger.






9. Major structure of the forebrain - consisting of two virtually identical hemispheres (left and right) and responsible for most conscious behavior.






10. Cerebral Cortex often generally characterized as performing the brain's 'executive' functions - such as decision making - lying anterior to the central sulcus and beneath the frontal bone of the skull.






11. Floor (area below the ventricle) of the midbrain; a collection of nuclei with movement-related - species-specific - and pain-perception functions.






12. One of four cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain and may play a role in maintaining brain metabolism.






13. The brain and spinal cord that together mediate behavior.






14. Cerebral cortex where visual processing begins - lying at the back of the brain ad beneath the occipital bone.






15. Diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is integrated into the appropriate region of the neocortex.






16. A group of cells forming a cluster that can be identified with special stains to form a functional grouping.






17. Philosophical position that holds that behavior can be explained as a function of the nervous system without explanatory recourse to the mind.






18. Learned behaviors that are passed on from on generation to the next through teaching and experience.






19. Part of the central nervous system encased within the vertebrae (spinal column) tat provides most of the connections between the brain and the rest of the body.






20. Wound to the brain that results from a blow to the head..






21. Group of organisms that can interbreed.






22. General term referring to primates that walk upright - including all forms of humans - living and extinct.






23. Part of the autonomic nervous system; arouses the body for action - such as mediating the involuntary fight-or-flight response to alarm by increasing hear rate and blood pressure.






24. Fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres to provide a route for direct communication between them.






25. Collection of nerve cells that function somewhat like a brain.






26. Major structure of the brainstem specialized for coordinating and learning skilled movements. In large-brained animals - it may also have a role in the coordination of other mental processes.






27. Disorder of the basal ganglia characterized by tics; involuntary vocalizations (including curse words and animal sounds); and odd - involuntary movements of the body; especially of the face and head.

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28. Literally - half a sphere - referring to one side of the cerebral cortex or of one side of the cerebellum.






29. A specialized 'nerve cell' engaged in information processing.






30. Process in which maturation is delayed - and so an adult retains infant characteristics; idea derived from the observation that newly evolved species resemble the young of their common ancestors.






31. The general principle that sensory fibers are located dorsally and motors fibers are located ventrally.






32. Large collection of axons coursing together within the central nervous system.






33. Darwin's theory for explaining how new species evolve and how existing species change over time. Differential success in the reproduction of different characteristics (phenotypes) results from the interaction of organisms with their environment.






34. Central part of the brain that contains neural circuits for hearing and seeing as well as orienting movements.






35. Harry Jerison's quantitative measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size - according to the principle of proper mass - for an animal of a particular body size.






36. Simple nervous system that has no brain or spinal cord but consists of neurons that receive sensory information and connect directly to other neurons that move muscles.






37. Midbrain area in which nuclei and fiber pathways are mixed - producing a netlike appearance; associated with sleep-wake behavior and behavioral arousal.






38. Behavior that is characteristic of all members of a species.






39. Animal that has both a brain and a spinal cord.






40. Area of the skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single spinal-cord dorsal root.






41. Evolutionarily the newest part of the brain; coordinates advanced cognitive functions such as thinking - planning - and language; contains the limbic system - basal ganglia - and the neocortex.






42. Approved experiment directed toward developing a treatment.






43. Cerebral Cortex that functions to direct movements toward a goal or to perform a task - such as grasping an object - lying posterior to the central sulcus and beneath the parietal bone at the top of the skull.






44. Decrease in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






45. Condition in which a person can display some rudimentary behaviors - such as smiling - or utter a few words but is otherwise not conscious.






46. Part of the autonomic nervous system; acts in opposition to the sympathetic division- for example - preparing the body to rest and digest by reversing the alarm response or stimulating digestion.






47. Disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex - amygdala - hippocampus - among other str






48. Hypothesis that the movements that we make and those that we perceive in others are essential features of our conscious behavior.






49. Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior.






50. Clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that fills the ventricles inside the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space.