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Behavioral Neuroscience

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Major structure of the forebrain - consisting of two virtually identical hemispheres (left and right) and responsible for most conscious behavior.






2. Phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly - suggesting a taxonomy of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise.






3. All the neurons in the body located outside the brain and the spinal cord; provides sensory and motor connections to and from the CNS






4. Harry Jerison's quantitative measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size - according to the principle of proper mass - for an animal of a particular body size.






5. Approved experiment directed toward developing a treatment.






6. Cerebral Cortex that functions to direct movements toward a goal or to perform a task - such as grasping an object - lying posterior to the central sulcus and beneath the parietal bone at the top of the skull.






7. Area of the skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single spinal-cord dorsal root.






8. Sudden appearance of neurological symptom as a result of severe interruption of blood flow.






9. Clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that fills the ventricles inside the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space.






10. Three layers of protective tissue - dura mater - arachnoid - and pia mater - that encase the brain and spinal cord.






11. Decrease in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






12. The nervous system's potential for physical or chemical change that enhances its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury.






13. Part of the autonomic nervous system; acts in opposition to the sympathetic division- for example - preparing the body to rest and digest by reversing the alarm response or stimulating digestion.






14. Darwin's theory for explaining how new species evolve and how existing species change over time. Differential success in the reproduction of different characteristics (phenotypes) results from the interaction of organisms with their environment.






15. Proposed nonmaterial entity responsible for intelligence - attention - awareness and consciousness.






16. Disorder of the motor system correlated with a loss of dopamine in the brain an characterized by tremors - muscular rigidity - and a reduction in voluntary movement.

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17. Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior.






18. Diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is integrated and projected into the appropriate region of the neocortex.






19. Part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of internal organs and glands.






20. Forbearer from which two or more lineages or family groups arise and so is ancestral to both groups.






21. Outer layer of brain-tissue surface composed of neurons; the human cerebral cortex is heavily folded.






22. Of the mind; an explanation of behavior as a function of the nonmaterial mind.






23. Conducting toward a central nervous system structure.






24. The bones - or segments - that form the spinal column.






25. Division into a number of parts that are similar; refers to the idea that many animals - including vertebrates - are composed of similarly organized body segments.






26. Central structures of the brain - including the hindbrain - midbrain - thalamus - and hypothalamus - responsible for most unconscious behavior.






27. Cerebral cortex where visual processing begins - lying at the back of the brain ad beneath the occipital bone.






28. Roof (area above the ventricle) of the midbrain; its functions are sensory processing - particular visual and auditory - and the production of orienting movements.






29. The 'between brain' that integrates sensory and motor information on its way to the cerebral cortex.






30. Central part of the brain that contains neural circuits for hearing and seeing as well as orienting movements.






31. Idea that selection for improved brain cooling through increased blood circulation in the brains of early hominids enabled the brain to grow larger.






32. Evolutionarily the newest part of the brain; coordinates advanced cognitive functions such as thinking - planning - and language; contains the limbic system - basal ganglia - and the neocortex.






33. A specialized 'nerve cell' engaged in information processing.






34. Increase in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






35. Simple nervous system that has no brain or spinal cord but consists of neurons that receive sensory information and connect directly to other neurons that move muscles.






36. Areas of the nervous system composed predominantly of cell bodies and blood vessels that function either to collect and modify information or to support this activity.






37. The general principle that sensory fibers are located dorsally and motors fibers are located ventrally.






38. Wound to the brain that results from a blow to the head..






39. One of a set of 12 nerve pairs that control sensory and motor functions of the head - neck - and internal organs.






40. Synonym for mind - an entity once proposed to be the source of human behavior.






41. Surgical removal of a cerebral hemisphere.






42. A group of cells forming a cluster that can be identified with special stains to form a functional grouping.






43. Evolutionarily the oldest part of the brain; contains pons - medulla - reticular formation - and cerebellum structures that coordinate and control most voluntary and involuntary movements.






44. Learned behaviors that are passed on from on generation to the next through teaching and experience.






45. Floor (area below the ventricle) of the midbrain; a collection of nuclei with movement-related - species-specific - and pain-perception functions.






46. A small protrusion or bump formed by the folding of the cerebral cortex.






47. Process in which maturation is delayed - and so an adult retains infant characteristics; idea derived from the observation that newly evolved species resemble the young of their common ancestors.






48. Fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres to provide a route for direct communication between them.






49. Large collection of axons coursing together within the central nervous system.






50. Philosophical position that holds that behavior can be explained as a function of the nervous system without explanatory recourse to the mind.