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Behavioral Neuroscience

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Large collection of axons coursing together within the central nervous system.






2. Collection of nerve cells that function somewhat like a brain.






3. All the neurons in the body located outside the brain and the spinal cord; provides sensory and motor connections to and from the CNS






4. A specialized 'nerve cell' engaged in information processing.






5. Philosophical position that holds that behavior can be explained as a function of the nervous system without explanatory recourse to the mind.






6. Process in which maturation is delayed - and so an adult retains infant characteristics; idea derived from the observation that newly evolved species resemble the young of their common ancestors.






7. Part of the autonomic nervous system; acts in opposition to the sympathetic division- for example - preparing the body to rest and digest by reversing the alarm response or stimulating digestion.






8. Approved experiment directed toward developing a treatment.






9. Quandary of explaining a nonmaterial mind in command of a material body.






10. A group of cells forming a cluster that can be identified with special stains to form a functional grouping.






11. Central part of the brain that contains neural circuits for hearing and seeing as well as orienting movements.






12. Outer layer of brain-tissue surface composed of neurons; the human cerebral cortex is heavily folded.






13. Increase in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






14. The bones - or segments - that form the spinal column.






15. Hypothesis that the movements that we make and those that we perceive in others are essential features of our conscious behavior.






16. A small protrusion or bump formed by the folding of the cerebral cortex.






17. Conducting away from the central nervous system structure.






18. Conducting toward a central nervous system structure.






19. Three layers of protective tissue - dura mater - arachnoid - and pia mater - that encase the brain and spinal cord.






20. One of a set of 12 nerve pairs that control sensory and motor functions of the head - neck - and internal organs.






21. Decrease in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






22. Surgical removal of a cerebral hemisphere.






23. Map of the neocortex based on the organization - structure - and distribution of the cells.






24. Part of the autonomic nervous system; arouses the body for action - such as mediating the involuntary fight-or-flight response to alarm by increasing hear rate and blood pressure.






25. Wound to the brain that results from a blow to the head..






26. Midbrain area in which nuclei and fiber pathways are mixed - producing a netlike appearance; associated with sleep-wake behavior and behavioral arousal.






27. Cerebral Cortex that functions to direct movements toward a goal or to perform a task - such as grasping an object - lying posterior to the central sulcus and beneath the parietal bone at the top of the skull.






28. Forbearer from which two or more lineages or family groups arise and so is ancestral to both groups.






29. Disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex - amygdala - hippocampus - among other str






30. Movement related to sensory inputs - such as turning the head to see the source of a sound.






31. Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior.






32. Disorder of the motor system correlated with a loss of dopamine in the brain an characterized by tremors - muscular rigidity - and a reduction in voluntary movement.

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33. The general principle that sensory fibers are located dorsally and motors fibers are located ventrally.






34. That holds that both a nonmaterial mind and the material body contribute to behavior.






35. Degenerative brain disorder related to aging that first appears as progressive memory loss and later develops into generalized dementia.

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36. Condition in which a person can display some rudimentary behaviors - such as smiling - or utter a few words but is otherwise not conscious.






37. Evolutionarily the oldest part of the brain; contains pons - medulla - reticular formation - and cerebellum structures that coordinate and control most voluntary and involuntary movements.






38. Central structures of the brain - including the hindbrain - midbrain - thalamus - and hypothalamus - responsible for most unconscious behavior.






39. Harry Jerison's quantitative measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size - according to the principle of proper mass - for an animal of a particular body size.






40. Idea that selection for improved brain cooling through increased blood circulation in the brains of early hominids enabled the brain to grow larger.






41. Diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is integrated and projected into the appropriate region of the neocortex.






42. Fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres to provide a route for direct communication between them.






43. Major structure of the brainstem specialized for coordinating and learning skilled movements. In large-brained animals - it may also have a role in the coordination of other mental processes.






44. Part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of internal organs and glands.






45. Roof (area above the ventricle) of the midbrain; its functions are sensory processing - particular visual and auditory - and the production of orienting movements.






46. Areas of the nervous system composed predominantly of cell bodies and blood vessels that function either to collect and modify information or to support this activity.






47. Cortex that functions in connection with hearing - language - and musical abilities and lies below the lateral fissure - beneath the temporal bone at the side of the lobe.






48. Clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that fills the ventricles inside the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space.






49. Cerebral Cortex often generally characterized as performing the brain's 'executive' functions - such as decision making - lying anterior to the central sulcus and beneath the frontal bone of the skull.






50. Floor (area below the ventricle) of the midbrain; a collection of nuclei with movement-related - species-specific - and pain-perception functions.







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