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Behavioral Neuroscience

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Disorder of the motor system correlated with a loss of dopamine in the brain an characterized by tremors - muscular rigidity - and a reduction in voluntary movement.

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2. Forbearer from which two or more lineages or family groups arise and so is ancestral to both groups.






3. Roof (area above the ventricle) of the midbrain; its functions are sensory processing - particular visual and auditory - and the production of orienting movements.






4. Outer layer of brain-tissue surface composed of neurons; the human cerebral cortex is heavily folded.






5. Part of the autonomic nervous system; acts in opposition to the sympathetic division- for example - preparing the body to rest and digest by reversing the alarm response or stimulating digestion.






6. Phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly - suggesting a taxonomy of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise.






7. Diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is integrated into the appropriate region of the neocortex.






8. Cerebral Cortex often generally characterized as performing the brain's 'executive' functions - such as decision making - lying anterior to the central sulcus and beneath the frontal bone of the skull.






9. Condition in which a person is alive but unable to communicate or to function independently at even the most basic level.






10. Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior.






11. Major structure of the forebrain - consisting of two virtually identical hemispheres (left and right) and responsible for most conscious behavior.






12. Fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres to provide a route for direct communication between them.






13. Evolutionarily the newest part of the brain; coordinates advanced cognitive functions such as thinking - planning - and language; contains the limbic system - basal ganglia - and the neocortex.






14. Areas of the nervous system composed predominantly of cell bodies and blood vessels that function either to collect and modify information or to support this activity.






15. That holds that both a nonmaterial mind and the material body contribute to behavior.






16. The bones - or segments - that form the spinal column.






17. Learned behaviors that are passed on from on generation to the next through teaching and experience.






18. A groove in brain matter - usually a groove found in the neocortex or cerebellum.






19. A group of cells forming a cluster that can be identified with special stains to form a functional grouping.






20. Division into a number of parts that are similar; refers to the idea that many animals - including vertebrates - are composed of similarly organized body segments.






21. Clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that fills the ventricles inside the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space.






22. Proposed nonmaterial entity responsible for intelligence - attention - awareness and consciousness.






23. Body plan in which organs or parts present on both sides of the body are mirror images in appearance.






24. Synonym for mind - an entity once proposed to be the source of human behavior.






25. Harry Jerison's quantitative measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size - according to the principle of proper mass - for an animal of a particular body size.






26. The nervous system's potential for physical or chemical change that enhances its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury.






27. One of a set of 12 nerve pairs that control sensory and motor functions of the head - neck - and internal organs.






28. Collection of nerve cells that function somewhat like a brain.






29. Central part of the brain that contains neural circuits for hearing and seeing as well as orienting movements.






30. Cerebral cortex where visual processing begins - lying at the back of the brain ad beneath the occipital bone.






31. Simple nervous system that has no brain or spinal cord but consists of neurons that receive sensory information and connect directly to other neurons that move muscles.






32. A small protrusion or bump formed by the folding of the cerebral cortex.






33. Three layers of protective tissue - dura mater - arachnoid - and pia mater - that encase the brain and spinal cord.






34. Evolutionarily the oldest part of the brain; contains pons - medulla - reticular formation - and cerebellum structures that coordinate and control most voluntary and involuntary movements.






35. Floor (area below the ventricle) of the midbrain; a collection of nuclei with movement-related - species-specific - and pain-perception functions.






36. Of the mind; an explanation of behavior as a function of the nonmaterial mind.






37. Disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex - amygdala - hippocampus - among other str






38. General term referring to primates that walk upright - including all forms of humans - living and extinct.






39. Newest - outer layer (new bark) of the forebrain and composed of about six layers of gray matter that creates or reality.






40. Surgical removal of a cerebral hemisphere.






41. Large collection of axons coursing together outside of the central nervous system.






42. Midbrain area in which nuclei and fiber pathways are mixed - producing a netlike appearance; associated with sleep-wake behavior and behavioral arousal.






43. Darwin's theory for explaining how new species evolve and how existing species change over time. Differential success in the reproduction of different characteristics (phenotypes) results from the interaction of organisms with their environment.






44. Literally - half a sphere - referring to one side of the cerebral cortex or of one side of the cerebellum.






45. The general principle that sensory fibers are located dorsally and motors fibers are located ventrally.






46. One of four cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain and may play a role in maintaining brain metabolism.






47. Part of the autonomic nervous system; arouses the body for action - such as mediating the involuntary fight-or-flight response to alarm by increasing hear rate and blood pressure.






48. Decrease in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






49. Condition in which a person can display some rudimentary behaviors - such as smiling - or utter a few words but is otherwise not conscious.






50. Part of the central nervous system encased within the vertebrae (spinal column) tat provides most of the connections between the brain and the rest of the body.