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Behavioral Neuroscience

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A small protrusion or bump formed by the folding of the cerebral cortex.






2. Subcortical forebrain nuclei that coordinate voluntary movements of the limbs and body; connected to the thalamus and to the midbrain.






3. Areas of the nervous system rich in fat-sheathed neural axons that form the connections between brain cells.






4. A groove in brain matter - usually a groove found in the neocortex or cerebellum.






5. Outer layer of brain-tissue surface composed of neurons; the human cerebral cortex is heavily folded.






6. Movement related to sensory inputs - such as turning the head to see the source of a sound.






7. Learned behaviors that are passed on from on generation to the next through teaching and experience.






8. Central structures of the brain - including the hindbrain - midbrain - thalamus - and hypothalamus - responsible for most unconscious behavior.






9. Proposed nonmaterial entity responsible for intelligence - attention - awareness and consciousness.






10. Philosophical position that holds that behavior can be explained as a function of the nervous system without explanatory recourse to the mind.






11. Quandary of explaining a nonmaterial mind in command of a material body.






12. The bones - or segments - that form the spinal column.






13. Condition in which a person can display some rudimentary behaviors - such as smiling - or utter a few words but is otherwise not conscious.






14. One of four cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain and may play a role in maintaining brain metabolism.






15. Floor (area below the ventricle) of the midbrain; a collection of nuclei with movement-related - species-specific - and pain-perception functions.






16. Part of the PNS that includes the cranial and spinal nerves to and from the muscles - joints - and skin that produce movement - transmit incoming sensory input - and inform the CNS about the position and movement of body parts.






17. That holds that both a nonmaterial mind and the material body contribute to behavior.






18. Cortex that functions in connection with hearing - language - and musical abilities and lies below the lateral fissure - beneath the temporal bone at the side of the lobe.






19. Cerebral Cortex that functions to direct movements toward a goal or to perform a task - such as grasping an object - lying posterior to the central sulcus and beneath the parietal bone at the top of the skull.






20. Simple nervous system that has no brain or spinal cord but consists of neurons that receive sensory information and connect directly to other neurons that move muscles.






21. Synonym for mind - an entity once proposed to be the source of human behavior.






22. Darwin's theory for explaining how new species evolve and how existing species change over time. Differential success in the reproduction of different characteristics (phenotypes) results from the interaction of organisms with their environment.






23. Increase in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






24. Process in which maturation is delayed - and so an adult retains infant characteristics; idea derived from the observation that newly evolved species resemble the young of their common ancestors.






25. Phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly - suggesting a taxonomy of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise.






26. Roof (area above the ventricle) of the midbrain; its functions are sensory processing - particular visual and auditory - and the production of orienting movements.






27. Disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex - amygdala - hippocampus - among other str






28. Body plan in which organs or parts present on both sides of the body are mirror images in appearance.






29. Diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is integrated into the appropriate region of the neocortex.






30. Part of the autonomic nervous system; acts in opposition to the sympathetic division- for example - preparing the body to rest and digest by reversing the alarm response or stimulating digestion.






31. Condition in which a person is alive but unable to communicate or to function independently at even the most basic level.






32. Clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that fills the ventricles inside the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space.






33. Central part of the brain that contains neural circuits for hearing and seeing as well as orienting movements.






34. Major structure of the forebrain - consisting of two virtually identical hemispheres (left and right) and responsible for most conscious behavior.






35. Wound to the brain that results from a blow to the head..






36. Literally - half a sphere - referring to one side of the cerebral cortex or of one side of the cerebellum.






37. Disorder of the motor system correlated with a loss of dopamine in the brain an characterized by tremors - muscular rigidity - and a reduction in voluntary movement.

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38. Part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of internal organs and glands.






39. Conducting toward a central nervous system structure.






40. Sudden appearance of neurological symptom as a result of severe interruption of blood flow.






41. Harry Jerison's quantitative measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size - according to the principle of proper mass - for an animal of a particular body size.






42. Large collection of axons coursing together outside of the central nervous system.






43. Midbrain area in which nuclei and fiber pathways are mixed - producing a netlike appearance; associated with sleep-wake behavior and behavioral arousal.






44. The nervous system's potential for physical or chemical change that enhances its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury.






45. Approved experiment directed toward developing a treatment.






46. The general principle that sensory fibers are located dorsally and motors fibers are located ventrally.






47. All the neurons in the body located outside the brain and the spinal cord; provides sensory and motor connections to and from the CNS






48. Evolutionarily the newest part of the brain; coordinates advanced cognitive functions such as thinking - planning - and language; contains the limbic system - basal ganglia - and the neocortex.






49. Decrease in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






50. One of a set of 12 nerve pairs that control sensory and motor functions of the head - neck - and internal organs.