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Behavioral Neuroscience

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Philosophical position that holds that behavior can be explained as a function of the nervous system without explanatory recourse to the mind.






2. Approved experiment directed toward developing a treatment.






3. The bones - or segments - that form the spinal column.






4. Outer layer of brain-tissue surface composed of neurons; the human cerebral cortex is heavily folded.






5. Division into a number of parts that are similar; refers to the idea that many animals - including vertebrates - are composed of similarly organized body segments.






6. Central part of the brain that contains neural circuits for hearing and seeing as well as orienting movements.






7. Area of the skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single spinal-cord dorsal root.






8. Midbrain area in which nuclei and fiber pathways are mixed - producing a netlike appearance; associated with sleep-wake behavior and behavioral arousal.






9. Quandary of explaining a nonmaterial mind in command of a material body.






10. Group of organisms that can interbreed.






11. Evolutionarily the oldest part of the brain; contains pons - medulla - reticular formation - and cerebellum structures that coordinate and control most voluntary and involuntary movements.






12. Disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex - amygdala - hippocampus - among other str






13. Roof (area above the ventricle) of the midbrain; its functions are sensory processing - particular visual and auditory - and the production of orienting movements.






14. Wound to the brain that results from a blow to the head..






15. Part of the central nervous system encased within the vertebrae (spinal column) tat provides most of the connections between the brain and the rest of the body.






16. Literally - half a sphere - referring to one side of the cerebral cortex or of one side of the cerebellum.






17. Part of the autonomic nervous system; arouses the body for action - such as mediating the involuntary fight-or-flight response to alarm by increasing hear rate and blood pressure.






18. All the neurons in the body located outside the brain and the spinal cord; provides sensory and motor connections to and from the CNS






19. Phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly - suggesting a taxonomy of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise.






20. Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior.






21. Idea that selection for improved brain cooling through increased blood circulation in the brains of early hominids enabled the brain to grow larger.






22. Increase in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






23. A groove in brain matter - usually a groove found in the neocortex or cerebellum.






24. The general principle that sensory fibers are located dorsally and motors fibers are located ventrally.






25. A small protrusion or bump formed by the folding of the cerebral cortex.






26. Condition in which a person is alive but unable to communicate or to function independently at even the most basic level.






27. Major structure of the brainstem specialized for coordinating and learning skilled movements. In large-brained animals - it may also have a role in the coordination of other mental processes.






28. Disorder of the motor system correlated with a loss of dopamine in the brain an characterized by tremors - muscular rigidity - and a reduction in voluntary movement.

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29. Disorder of the basal ganglia characterized by tics; involuntary vocalizations (including curse words and animal sounds); and odd - involuntary movements of the body; especially of the face and head.

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30. Process in which maturation is delayed - and so an adult retains infant characteristics; idea derived from the observation that newly evolved species resemble the young of their common ancestors.






31. Fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres to provide a route for direct communication between them.






32. Major structure of the forebrain - consisting of two virtually identical hemispheres (left and right) and responsible for most conscious behavior.






33. Floor (area below the ventricle) of the midbrain; a collection of nuclei with movement-related - species-specific - and pain-perception functions.






34. A specialized 'nerve cell' engaged in information processing.






35. Simple nervous system that has no brain or spinal cord but consists of neurons that receive sensory information and connect directly to other neurons that move muscles.






36. The 'between brain' that integrates sensory and motor information on its way to the cerebral cortex.






37. That holds that both a nonmaterial mind and the material body contribute to behavior.






38. Hypothesis that the movements that we make and those that we perceive in others are essential features of our conscious behavior.






39. Degenerative brain disorder related to aging that first appears as progressive memory loss and later develops into generalized dementia.

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40. Conducting away from the central nervous system structure.






41. Large collection of axons coursing together within the central nervous system.






42. Body plan in which organs or parts present on both sides of the body are mirror images in appearance.






43. Conducting toward a central nervous system structure.






44. Movement related to sensory inputs - such as turning the head to see the source of a sound.






45. The brain and spinal cord that together mediate behavior.






46. Clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that fills the ventricles inside the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space.






47. Central structures of the brain - including the hindbrain - midbrain - thalamus - and hypothalamus - responsible for most unconscious behavior.






48. Map of the neocortex based on the organization - structure - and distribution of the cells.






49. General term referring to primates that walk upright - including all forms of humans - living and extinct.






50. Cerebral Cortex often generally characterized as performing the brain's 'executive' functions - such as decision making - lying anterior to the central sulcus and beneath the frontal bone of the skull.