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Behavioral Neuroscience

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Animal that has both a brain and a spinal cord.






2. Central structures of the brain - including the hindbrain - midbrain - thalamus - and hypothalamus - responsible for most unconscious behavior.






3. Simple nervous system that has no brain or spinal cord but consists of neurons that receive sensory information and connect directly to other neurons that move muscles.






4. Darwin's theory for explaining how new species evolve and how existing species change over time. Differential success in the reproduction of different characteristics (phenotypes) results from the interaction of organisms with their environment.






5. Outer layer of brain-tissue surface composed of neurons; the human cerebral cortex is heavily folded.






6. That holds that both a nonmaterial mind and the material body contribute to behavior.






7. Harry Jerison's quantitative measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size - according to the principle of proper mass - for an animal of a particular body size.






8. Idea that selection for improved brain cooling through increased blood circulation in the brains of early hominids enabled the brain to grow larger.






9. Subcortical forebrain nuclei that coordinate voluntary movements of the limbs and body; connected to the thalamus and to the midbrain.






10. A groove in brain matter - usually a groove found in the neocortex or cerebellum.






11. Cerebral cortex where visual processing begins - lying at the back of the brain ad beneath the occipital bone.






12. Of the mind; an explanation of behavior as a function of the nonmaterial mind.






13. Newest - outer layer (new bark) of the forebrain and composed of about six layers of gray matter that creates or reality.






14. Process in which maturation is delayed - and so an adult retains infant characteristics; idea derived from the observation that newly evolved species resemble the young of their common ancestors.






15. Part of the central nervous system encased within the vertebrae (spinal column) tat provides most of the connections between the brain and the rest of the body.






16. A small protrusion or bump formed by the folding of the cerebral cortex.






17. Phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly - suggesting a taxonomy of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise.






18. Condition in which a person can display some rudimentary behaviors - such as smiling - or utter a few words but is otherwise not conscious.






19. Areas of the nervous system composed predominantly of cell bodies and blood vessels that function either to collect and modify information or to support this activity.






20. Roof (area above the ventricle) of the midbrain; its functions are sensory processing - particular visual and auditory - and the production of orienting movements.






21. Large collection of axons coursing together within the central nervous system.






22. Evolutionarily the oldest part of the brain; contains pons - medulla - reticular formation - and cerebellum structures that coordinate and control most voluntary and involuntary movements.






23. Diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is integrated and projected into the appropriate region of the neocortex.






24. Disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex - amygdala - hippocampus - among other str






25. Disorder of the motor system correlated with a loss of dopamine in the brain an characterized by tremors - muscular rigidity - and a reduction in voluntary movement.

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26. Part of the PNS that includes the cranial and spinal nerves to and from the muscles - joints - and skin that produce movement - transmit incoming sensory input - and inform the CNS about the position and movement of body parts.






27. Cortex that functions in connection with hearing - language - and musical abilities and lies below the lateral fissure - beneath the temporal bone at the side of the lobe.






28. A group of cells forming a cluster that can be identified with special stains to form a functional grouping.






29. Cerebral Cortex often generally characterized as performing the brain's 'executive' functions - such as decision making - lying anterior to the central sulcus and beneath the frontal bone of the skull.






30. Disorder of the basal ganglia characterized by tics; involuntary vocalizations (including curse words and animal sounds); and odd - involuntary movements of the body; especially of the face and head.

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31. Part of the autonomic nervous system; arouses the body for action - such as mediating the involuntary fight-or-flight response to alarm by increasing hear rate and blood pressure.






32. Synonym for mind - an entity once proposed to be the source of human behavior.






33. The bones - or segments - that form the spinal column.






34. Area of the skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single spinal-cord dorsal root.






35. Division into a number of parts that are similar; refers to the idea that many animals - including vertebrates - are composed of similarly organized body segments.






36. Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior.






37. One of a set of 12 nerve pairs that control sensory and motor functions of the head - neck - and internal organs.






38. Areas of the nervous system rich in fat-sheathed neural axons that form the connections between brain cells.






39. Behavior that is characteristic of all members of a species.






40. Midbrain area in which nuclei and fiber pathways are mixed - producing a netlike appearance; associated with sleep-wake behavior and behavioral arousal.






41. Wound to the brain that results from a blow to the head..






42. Part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of internal organs and glands.






43. Degenerative brain disorder related to aging that first appears as progressive memory loss and later develops into generalized dementia.

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44. Conducting away from the central nervous system structure.






45. Clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that fills the ventricles inside the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space.






46. Major structure of the brainstem specialized for coordinating and learning skilled movements. In large-brained animals - it may also have a role in the coordination of other mental processes.






47. One of four cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain and may play a role in maintaining brain metabolism.






48. Cerebral Cortex that functions to direct movements toward a goal or to perform a task - such as grasping an object - lying posterior to the central sulcus and beneath the parietal bone at the top of the skull.






49. Conducting toward a central nervous system structure.






50. Fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres to provide a route for direct communication between them.