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Behavioral Neuroscience

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Philosophical position that holds that behavior can be explained as a function of the nervous system without explanatory recourse to the mind.






2. Behavior that is characteristic of all members of a species.






3. Outer layer of brain-tissue surface composed of neurons; the human cerebral cortex is heavily folded.






4. Literally - half a sphere - referring to one side of the cerebral cortex or of one side of the cerebellum.






5. A specialized 'nerve cell' engaged in information processing.






6. Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior.






7. Part of the autonomic nervous system; arouses the body for action - such as mediating the involuntary fight-or-flight response to alarm by increasing hear rate and blood pressure.






8. One of a set of 12 nerve pairs that control sensory and motor functions of the head - neck - and internal organs.






9. A groove in brain matter - usually a groove found in the neocortex or cerebellum.






10. Cortex that functions in connection with hearing - language - and musical abilities and lies below the lateral fissure - beneath the temporal bone at the side of the lobe.






11. Surgical removal of a cerebral hemisphere.






12. The nervous system's potential for physical or chemical change that enhances its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury.






13. The 'between brain' that integrates sensory and motor information on its way to the cerebral cortex.






14. Clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that fills the ventricles inside the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space.






15. The bones - or segments - that form the spinal column.






16. Disorder of the basal ganglia characterized by tics; involuntary vocalizations (including curse words and animal sounds); and odd - involuntary movements of the body; especially of the face and head.

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17. Of the mind; an explanation of behavior as a function of the nonmaterial mind.






18. Learned behaviors that are passed on from on generation to the next through teaching and experience.






19. Condition in which a person can display some rudimentary behaviors - such as smiling - or utter a few words but is otherwise not conscious.






20. Part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of internal organs and glands.






21. A group of cells forming a cluster that can be identified with special stains to form a functional grouping.






22. Part of the central nervous system encased within the vertebrae (spinal column) tat provides most of the connections between the brain and the rest of the body.






23. Floor (area below the ventricle) of the midbrain; a collection of nuclei with movement-related - species-specific - and pain-perception functions.






24. Cerebral Cortex often generally characterized as performing the brain's 'executive' functions - such as decision making - lying anterior to the central sulcus and beneath the frontal bone of the skull.






25. Hypothesis that the movements that we make and those that we perceive in others are essential features of our conscious behavior.






26. Phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly - suggesting a taxonomy of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise.






27. That holds that both a nonmaterial mind and the material body contribute to behavior.






28. Approved experiment directed toward developing a treatment.






29. Movement related to sensory inputs - such as turning the head to see the source of a sound.






30. Diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is integrated and projected into the appropriate region of the neocortex.






31. Quandary of explaining a nonmaterial mind in command of a material body.






32. Areas of the nervous system rich in fat-sheathed neural axons that form the connections between brain cells.






33. Evolutionarily the oldest part of the brain; contains pons - medulla - reticular formation - and cerebellum structures that coordinate and control most voluntary and involuntary movements.






34. Disorder of the motor system correlated with a loss of dopamine in the brain an characterized by tremors - muscular rigidity - and a reduction in voluntary movement.

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35. Fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres to provide a route for direct communication between them.






36. Synonym for mind - an entity once proposed to be the source of human behavior.






37. Map of the neocortex based on the organization - structure - and distribution of the cells.






38. Conducting away from the central nervous system structure.






39. The brain and spinal cord that together mediate behavior.






40. Proposed nonmaterial entity responsible for intelligence - attention - awareness and consciousness.






41. Collection of nerve cells that function somewhat like a brain.






42. The general principle that sensory fibers are located dorsally and motors fibers are located ventrally.






43. Body plan in which organs or parts present on both sides of the body are mirror images in appearance.






44. A small protrusion or bump formed by the folding of the cerebral cortex.






45. Evolutionarily the newest part of the brain; coordinates advanced cognitive functions such as thinking - planning - and language; contains the limbic system - basal ganglia - and the neocortex.






46. Area of the skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single spinal-cord dorsal root.






47. Idea that selection for improved brain cooling through increased blood circulation in the brains of early hominids enabled the brain to grow larger.






48. Cerebral Cortex that functions to direct movements toward a goal or to perform a task - such as grasping an object - lying posterior to the central sulcus and beneath the parietal bone at the top of the skull.






49. Part of the autonomic nervous system; acts in opposition to the sympathetic division- for example - preparing the body to rest and digest by reversing the alarm response or stimulating digestion.






50. Central structures of the brain - including the hindbrain - midbrain - thalamus - and hypothalamus - responsible for most unconscious behavior.







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