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Behavioral Neuroscience

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly - suggesting a taxonomy of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise.






2. General term referring to primates that walk upright - including all forms of humans - living and extinct.






3. Harry Jerison's quantitative measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size - according to the principle of proper mass - for an animal of a particular body size.






4. Disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex - amygdala - hippocampus - among other str






5. Hypothesis that the movements that we make and those that we perceive in others are essential features of our conscious behavior.






6. Major structure of the brainstem specialized for coordinating and learning skilled movements. In large-brained animals - it may also have a role in the coordination of other mental processes.






7. Map of the neocortex based on the organization - structure - and distribution of the cells.






8. Animal that has both a brain and a spinal cord.






9. Group of organisms that can interbreed.






10. Decrease in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






11. Idea that selection for improved brain cooling through increased blood circulation in the brains of early hominids enabled the brain to grow larger.






12. Floor (area below the ventricle) of the midbrain; a collection of nuclei with movement-related - species-specific - and pain-perception functions.






13. Diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is integrated into the appropriate region of the neocortex.






14. Outer layer of brain-tissue surface composed of neurons; the human cerebral cortex is heavily folded.






15. The nervous system's potential for physical or chemical change that enhances its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury.






16. Of the mind; an explanation of behavior as a function of the nonmaterial mind.






17. Conducting toward a central nervous system structure.






18. Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior.






19. Central part of the brain that contains neural circuits for hearing and seeing as well as orienting movements.






20. Condition in which a person can display some rudimentary behaviors - such as smiling - or utter a few words but is otherwise not conscious.






21. Cerebral Cortex that functions to direct movements toward a goal or to perform a task - such as grasping an object - lying posterior to the central sulcus and beneath the parietal bone at the top of the skull.






22. Condition in which a person is alive but unable to communicate or to function independently at even the most basic level.






23. Increase in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






24. Three layers of protective tissue - dura mater - arachnoid - and pia mater - that encase the brain and spinal cord.






25. Forbearer from which two or more lineages or family groups arise and so is ancestral to both groups.






26. The brain and spinal cord that together mediate behavior.






27. Part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of internal organs and glands.






28. Large collection of axons coursing together within the central nervous system.






29. Midbrain area in which nuclei and fiber pathways are mixed - producing a netlike appearance; associated with sleep-wake behavior and behavioral arousal.






30. Simple nervous system that has no brain or spinal cord but consists of neurons that receive sensory information and connect directly to other neurons that move muscles.






31. A groove in brain matter - usually a groove found in the neocortex or cerebellum.






32. Behavior that is characteristic of all members of a species.






33. Process in which maturation is delayed - and so an adult retains infant characteristics; idea derived from the observation that newly evolved species resemble the young of their common ancestors.






34. Areas of the nervous system rich in fat-sheathed neural axons that form the connections between brain cells.






35. Clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that fills the ventricles inside the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space.






36. Areas of the nervous system composed predominantly of cell bodies and blood vessels that function either to collect and modify information or to support this activity.






37. Wound to the brain that results from a blow to the head..






38. Degenerative brain disorder related to aging that first appears as progressive memory loss and later develops into generalized dementia.

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39. Division into a number of parts that are similar; refers to the idea that many animals - including vertebrates - are composed of similarly organized body segments.






40. The 'between brain' that integrates sensory and motor information on its way to the cerebral cortex.






41. Part of the autonomic nervous system; arouses the body for action - such as mediating the involuntary fight-or-flight response to alarm by increasing hear rate and blood pressure.






42. Evolutionarily the oldest part of the brain; contains pons - medulla - reticular formation - and cerebellum structures that coordinate and control most voluntary and involuntary movements.






43. Collection of nerve cells that function somewhat like a brain.






44. Cerebral cortex where visual processing begins - lying at the back of the brain ad beneath the occipital bone.






45. Body plan in which organs or parts present on both sides of the body are mirror images in appearance.






46. Philosophical position that holds that behavior can be explained as a function of the nervous system without explanatory recourse to the mind.






47. Cerebral Cortex often generally characterized as performing the brain's 'executive' functions - such as decision making - lying anterior to the central sulcus and beneath the frontal bone of the skull.






48. Part of the autonomic nervous system; acts in opposition to the sympathetic division- for example - preparing the body to rest and digest by reversing the alarm response or stimulating digestion.






49. The bones - or segments - that form the spinal column.






50. Central structures of the brain - including the hindbrain - midbrain - thalamus - and hypothalamus - responsible for most unconscious behavior.