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Behavioral Neuroscience

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Philosophical position that holds that behavior can be explained as a function of the nervous system without explanatory recourse to the mind.






2. Movement related to sensory inputs - such as turning the head to see the source of a sound.






3. Idea that selection for improved brain cooling through increased blood circulation in the brains of early hominids enabled the brain to grow larger.






4. Part of the central nervous system encased within the vertebrae (spinal column) tat provides most of the connections between the brain and the rest of the body.






5. Decrease in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






6. Condition in which a person is alive but unable to communicate or to function independently at even the most basic level.






7. Cerebral Cortex that functions to direct movements toward a goal or to perform a task - such as grasping an object - lying posterior to the central sulcus and beneath the parietal bone at the top of the skull.






8. The nervous system's potential for physical or chemical change that enhances its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury.






9. Diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is integrated and projected into the appropriate region of the neocortex.






10. Large collection of axons coursing together within the central nervous system.






11. Areas of the nervous system rich in fat-sheathed neural axons that form the connections between brain cells.






12. Evolutionarily the oldest part of the brain; contains pons - medulla - reticular formation - and cerebellum structures that coordinate and control most voluntary and involuntary movements.






13. Cortex that functions in connection with hearing - language - and musical abilities and lies below the lateral fissure - beneath the temporal bone at the side of the lobe.






14. Quandary of explaining a nonmaterial mind in command of a material body.






15. A specialized 'nerve cell' engaged in information processing.






16. Behavior that is characteristic of all members of a species.






17. Fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres to provide a route for direct communication between them.






18. All the neurons in the body located outside the brain and the spinal cord; provides sensory and motor connections to and from the CNS






19. Three layers of protective tissue - dura mater - arachnoid - and pia mater - that encase the brain and spinal cord.






20. The bones - or segments - that form the spinal column.






21. Part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of internal organs and glands.






22. Forbearer from which two or more lineages or family groups arise and so is ancestral to both groups.






23. Synonym for mind - an entity once proposed to be the source of human behavior.






24. Disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex - amygdala - hippocampus - among other str






25. The 'between brain' that integrates sensory and motor information on its way to the cerebral cortex.






26. Proposed nonmaterial entity responsible for intelligence - attention - awareness and consciousness.






27. Division into a number of parts that are similar; refers to the idea that many animals - including vertebrates - are composed of similarly organized body segments.






28. Major structure of the forebrain - consisting of two virtually identical hemispheres (left and right) and responsible for most conscious behavior.






29. Cerebral cortex where visual processing begins - lying at the back of the brain ad beneath the occipital bone.






30. Floor (area below the ventricle) of the midbrain; a collection of nuclei with movement-related - species-specific - and pain-perception functions.






31. Disorder of the motor system correlated with a loss of dopamine in the brain an characterized by tremors - muscular rigidity - and a reduction in voluntary movement.

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32. Simple nervous system that has no brain or spinal cord but consists of neurons that receive sensory information and connect directly to other neurons that move muscles.






33. A small protrusion or bump formed by the folding of the cerebral cortex.






34. Increase in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






35. Major structure of the brainstem specialized for coordinating and learning skilled movements. In large-brained animals - it may also have a role in the coordination of other mental processes.






36. Phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly - suggesting a taxonomy of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise.






37. General term referring to primates that walk upright - including all forms of humans - living and extinct.






38. A group of cells forming a cluster that can be identified with special stains to form a functional grouping.






39. Midbrain area in which nuclei and fiber pathways are mixed - producing a netlike appearance; associated with sleep-wake behavior and behavioral arousal.






40. Body plan in which organs or parts present on both sides of the body are mirror images in appearance.






41. Large collection of axons coursing together outside of the central nervous system.






42. One of four cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain and may play a role in maintaining brain metabolism.






43. Darwin's theory for explaining how new species evolve and how existing species change over time. Differential success in the reproduction of different characteristics (phenotypes) results from the interaction of organisms with their environment.






44. Of the mind; an explanation of behavior as a function of the nonmaterial mind.






45. Group of organisms that can interbreed.






46. The general principle that sensory fibers are located dorsally and motors fibers are located ventrally.






47. Approved experiment directed toward developing a treatment.






48. Degenerative brain disorder related to aging that first appears as progressive memory loss and later develops into generalized dementia.

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49. Map of the neocortex based on the organization - structure - and distribution of the cells.






50. Evolutionarily the newest part of the brain; coordinates advanced cognitive functions such as thinking - planning - and language; contains the limbic system - basal ganglia - and the neocortex.