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Behavioral Neuroscience

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. General term referring to primates that walk upright - including all forms of humans - living and extinct.






2. A small protrusion or bump formed by the folding of the cerebral cortex.






3. Phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly - suggesting a taxonomy of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise.






4. Diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is integrated into the appropriate region of the neocortex.






5. Idea that selection for improved brain cooling through increased blood circulation in the brains of early hominids enabled the brain to grow larger.






6. Map of the neocortex based on the organization - structure - and distribution of the cells.






7. Proposed nonmaterial entity responsible for intelligence - attention - awareness and consciousness.






8. The general principle that sensory fibers are located dorsally and motors fibers are located ventrally.






9. Disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex - amygdala - hippocampus - among other str






10. Central structures of the brain - including the hindbrain - midbrain - thalamus - and hypothalamus - responsible for most unconscious behavior.






11. Condition in which a person can display some rudimentary behaviors - such as smiling - or utter a few words but is otherwise not conscious.






12. Central part of the brain that contains neural circuits for hearing and seeing as well as orienting movements.






13. Roof (area above the ventricle) of the midbrain; its functions are sensory processing - particular visual and auditory - and the production of orienting movements.






14. Harry Jerison's quantitative measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size - according to the principle of proper mass - for an animal of a particular body size.






15. Approved experiment directed toward developing a treatment.






16. Fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres to provide a route for direct communication between them.






17. Outer layer of brain-tissue surface composed of neurons; the human cerebral cortex is heavily folded.






18. Degenerative brain disorder related to aging that first appears as progressive memory loss and later develops into generalized dementia.

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19. Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior.






20. Area of the skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single spinal-cord dorsal root.






21. Conducting away from the central nervous system structure.






22. Conducting toward a central nervous system structure.






23. Forbearer from which two or more lineages or family groups arise and so is ancestral to both groups.






24. One of a set of 12 nerve pairs that control sensory and motor functions of the head - neck - and internal organs.






25. The nervous system's potential for physical or chemical change that enhances its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury.






26. Cerebral cortex where visual processing begins - lying at the back of the brain ad beneath the occipital bone.






27. That holds that both a nonmaterial mind and the material body contribute to behavior.






28. The brain and spinal cord that together mediate behavior.






29. Philosophical position that holds that behavior can be explained as a function of the nervous system without explanatory recourse to the mind.






30. Large collection of axons coursing together outside of the central nervous system.






31. Learned behaviors that are passed on from on generation to the next through teaching and experience.






32. Cerebral Cortex that functions to direct movements toward a goal or to perform a task - such as grasping an object - lying posterior to the central sulcus and beneath the parietal bone at the top of the skull.






33. Floor (area below the ventricle) of the midbrain; a collection of nuclei with movement-related - species-specific - and pain-perception functions.






34. Major structure of the forebrain - consisting of two virtually identical hemispheres (left and right) and responsible for most conscious behavior.






35. Disorder of the motor system correlated with a loss of dopamine in the brain an characterized by tremors - muscular rigidity - and a reduction in voluntary movement.

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36. Wound to the brain that results from a blow to the head..






37. The bones - or segments - that form the spinal column.






38. Hypothesis that the movements that we make and those that we perceive in others are essential features of our conscious behavior.






39. Of the mind; an explanation of behavior as a function of the nonmaterial mind.






40. Division into a number of parts that are similar; refers to the idea that many animals - including vertebrates - are composed of similarly organized body segments.






41. Clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that fills the ventricles inside the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space.






42. Quandary of explaining a nonmaterial mind in command of a material body.






43. Process in which maturation is delayed - and so an adult retains infant characteristics; idea derived from the observation that newly evolved species resemble the young of their common ancestors.






44. All the neurons in the body located outside the brain and the spinal cord; provides sensory and motor connections to and from the CNS






45. Animal that has both a brain and a spinal cord.






46. Midbrain area in which nuclei and fiber pathways are mixed - producing a netlike appearance; associated with sleep-wake behavior and behavioral arousal.






47. Decrease in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






48. Subcortical forebrain nuclei that coordinate voluntary movements of the limbs and body; connected to the thalamus and to the midbrain.






49. Darwin's theory for explaining how new species evolve and how existing species change over time. Differential success in the reproduction of different characteristics (phenotypes) results from the interaction of organisms with their environment.






50. Part of the PNS that includes the cranial and spinal nerves to and from the muscles - joints - and skin that produce movement - transmit incoming sensory input - and inform the CNS about the position and movement of body parts.