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Behavioral Neuroscience

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Animal that has both a brain and a spinal cord.






2. All the neurons in the body located outside the brain and the spinal cord; provides sensory and motor connections to and from the CNS






3. Roof (area above the ventricle) of the midbrain; its functions are sensory processing - particular visual and auditory - and the production of orienting movements.






4. Harry Jerison's quantitative measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size - according to the principle of proper mass - for an animal of a particular body size.






5. General term referring to primates that walk upright - including all forms of humans - living and extinct.






6. Wound to the brain that results from a blow to the head..






7. That holds that both a nonmaterial mind and the material body contribute to behavior.






8. Large collection of axons coursing together outside of the central nervous system.






9. Idea that selection for improved brain cooling through increased blood circulation in the brains of early hominids enabled the brain to grow larger.






10. Conducting away from the central nervous system structure.






11. Diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is integrated and projected into the appropriate region of the neocortex.






12. Body plan in which organs or parts present on both sides of the body are mirror images in appearance.






13. Areas of the nervous system composed predominantly of cell bodies and blood vessels that function either to collect and modify information or to support this activity.






14. Cortex that functions in connection with hearing - language - and musical abilities and lies below the lateral fissure - beneath the temporal bone at the side of the lobe.






15. Disorder of the basal ganglia characterized by tics; involuntary vocalizations (including curse words and animal sounds); and odd - involuntary movements of the body; especially of the face and head.

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16. Major structure of the forebrain - consisting of two virtually identical hemispheres (left and right) and responsible for most conscious behavior.






17. A specialized 'nerve cell' engaged in information processing.






18. Diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is integrated into the appropriate region of the neocortex.






19. Literally - half a sphere - referring to one side of the cerebral cortex or of one side of the cerebellum.






20. Cerebral Cortex that functions to direct movements toward a goal or to perform a task - such as grasping an object - lying posterior to the central sulcus and beneath the parietal bone at the top of the skull.






21. The bones - or segments - that form the spinal column.






22. One of four cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain and may play a role in maintaining brain metabolism.






23. Process in which maturation is delayed - and so an adult retains infant characteristics; idea derived from the observation that newly evolved species resemble the young of their common ancestors.






24. Cerebral cortex where visual processing begins - lying at the back of the brain ad beneath the occipital bone.






25. Behavior that is characteristic of all members of a species.






26. Conducting toward a central nervous system structure.






27. Evolutionarily the newest part of the brain; coordinates advanced cognitive functions such as thinking - planning - and language; contains the limbic system - basal ganglia - and the neocortex.






28. Simple nervous system that has no brain or spinal cord but consists of neurons that receive sensory information and connect directly to other neurons that move muscles.






29. Major structure of the brainstem specialized for coordinating and learning skilled movements. In large-brained animals - it may also have a role in the coordination of other mental processes.






30. The nervous system's potential for physical or chemical change that enhances its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury.






31. Three layers of protective tissue - dura mater - arachnoid - and pia mater - that encase the brain and spinal cord.






32. Movement related to sensory inputs - such as turning the head to see the source of a sound.






33. Part of the PNS that includes the cranial and spinal nerves to and from the muscles - joints - and skin that produce movement - transmit incoming sensory input - and inform the CNS about the position and movement of body parts.






34. Division into a number of parts that are similar; refers to the idea that many animals - including vertebrates - are composed of similarly organized body segments.






35. Map of the neocortex based on the organization - structure - and distribution of the cells.






36. Part of the autonomic nervous system; arouses the body for action - such as mediating the involuntary fight-or-flight response to alarm by increasing hear rate and blood pressure.






37. The 'between brain' that integrates sensory and motor information on its way to the cerebral cortex.






38. The general principle that sensory fibers are located dorsally and motors fibers are located ventrally.






39. Newest - outer layer (new bark) of the forebrain and composed of about six layers of gray matter that creates or reality.






40. Darwin's theory for explaining how new species evolve and how existing species change over time. Differential success in the reproduction of different characteristics (phenotypes) results from the interaction of organisms with their environment.






41. Condition in which a person is alive but unable to communicate or to function independently at even the most basic level.






42. Sudden appearance of neurological symptom as a result of severe interruption of blood flow.






43. Disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex - amygdala - hippocampus - among other str






44. One of a set of 12 nerve pairs that control sensory and motor functions of the head - neck - and internal organs.






45. Proposed nonmaterial entity responsible for intelligence - attention - awareness and consciousness.






46. Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior.






47. Part of the central nervous system encased within the vertebrae (spinal column) tat provides most of the connections between the brain and the rest of the body.






48. Evolutionarily the oldest part of the brain; contains pons - medulla - reticular formation - and cerebellum structures that coordinate and control most voluntary and involuntary movements.






49. Approved experiment directed toward developing a treatment.






50. A groove in brain matter - usually a groove found in the neocortex or cerebellum.