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Behavioral Neuroscience

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process in which maturation is delayed - and so an adult retains infant characteristics; idea derived from the observation that newly evolved species resemble the young of their common ancestors.






2. Area of the skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single spinal-cord dorsal root.






3. Body plan in which organs or parts present on both sides of the body are mirror images in appearance.






4. Areas of the nervous system composed predominantly of cell bodies and blood vessels that function either to collect and modify information or to support this activity.






5. Surgical removal of a cerebral hemisphere.






6. The brain and spinal cord that together mediate behavior.






7. Disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex - amygdala - hippocampus - among other str






8. Learned behaviors that are passed on from on generation to the next through teaching and experience.






9. Collection of nerve cells that function somewhat like a brain.






10. Animal that has both a brain and a spinal cord.






11. Newest - outer layer (new bark) of the forebrain and composed of about six layers of gray matter that creates or reality.






12. Forbearer from which two or more lineages or family groups arise and so is ancestral to both groups.






13. Floor (area below the ventricle) of the midbrain; a collection of nuclei with movement-related - species-specific - and pain-perception functions.






14. Roof (area above the ventricle) of the midbrain; its functions are sensory processing - particular visual and auditory - and the production of orienting movements.






15. Central part of the brain that contains neural circuits for hearing and seeing as well as orienting movements.






16. Major structure of the brainstem specialized for coordinating and learning skilled movements. In large-brained animals - it may also have a role in the coordination of other mental processes.






17. Of the mind; an explanation of behavior as a function of the nonmaterial mind.






18. Approved experiment directed toward developing a treatment.






19. Part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of internal organs and glands.






20. Cerebral Cortex often generally characterized as performing the brain's 'executive' functions - such as decision making - lying anterior to the central sulcus and beneath the frontal bone of the skull.






21. Disorder of the basal ganglia characterized by tics; involuntary vocalizations (including curse words and animal sounds); and odd - involuntary movements of the body; especially of the face and head.

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22. Simple nervous system that has no brain or spinal cord but consists of neurons that receive sensory information and connect directly to other neurons that move muscles.






23. Increase in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






24. Movement related to sensory inputs - such as turning the head to see the source of a sound.






25. Map of the neocortex based on the organization - structure - and distribution of the cells.






26. Group of organisms that can interbreed.






27. Clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that fills the ventricles inside the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space.






28. Large collection of axons coursing together outside of the central nervous system.






29. Areas of the nervous system rich in fat-sheathed neural axons that form the connections between brain cells.






30. Large collection of axons coursing together within the central nervous system.






31. One of four cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain and may play a role in maintaining brain metabolism.






32. Conducting away from the central nervous system structure.






33. A groove in brain matter - usually a groove found in the neocortex or cerebellum.






34. Major structure of the forebrain - consisting of two virtually identical hemispheres (left and right) and responsible for most conscious behavior.






35. Part of the PNS that includes the cranial and spinal nerves to and from the muscles - joints - and skin that produce movement - transmit incoming sensory input - and inform the CNS about the position and movement of body parts.






36. Idea that selection for improved brain cooling through increased blood circulation in the brains of early hominids enabled the brain to grow larger.






37. A group of cells forming a cluster that can be identified with special stains to form a functional grouping.






38. Proposed nonmaterial entity responsible for intelligence - attention - awareness and consciousness.






39. Division into a number of parts that are similar; refers to the idea that many animals - including vertebrates - are composed of similarly organized body segments.






40. Darwin's theory for explaining how new species evolve and how existing species change over time. Differential success in the reproduction of different characteristics (phenotypes) results from the interaction of organisms with their environment.






41. The bones - or segments - that form the spinal column.






42. Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior.






43. Cerebral Cortex that functions to direct movements toward a goal or to perform a task - such as grasping an object - lying posterior to the central sulcus and beneath the parietal bone at the top of the skull.






44. Three layers of protective tissue - dura mater - arachnoid - and pia mater - that encase the brain and spinal cord.






45. Condition in which a person is alive but unable to communicate or to function independently at even the most basic level.






46. Diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is integrated into the appropriate region of the neocortex.






47. Part of the central nervous system encased within the vertebrae (spinal column) tat provides most of the connections between the brain and the rest of the body.






48. A specialized 'nerve cell' engaged in information processing.






49. Synonym for mind - an entity once proposed to be the source of human behavior.






50. All the neurons in the body located outside the brain and the spinal cord; provides sensory and motor connections to and from the CNS