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Behavioral Neuroscience

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Part of the autonomic nervous system; acts in opposition to the sympathetic division- for example - preparing the body to rest and digest by reversing the alarm response or stimulating digestion.






2. A small protrusion or bump formed by the folding of the cerebral cortex.






3. Idea that selection for improved brain cooling through increased blood circulation in the brains of early hominids enabled the brain to grow larger.






4. Three layers of protective tissue - dura mater - arachnoid - and pia mater - that encase the brain and spinal cord.






5. Behavior that is characteristic of all members of a species.






6. Wound to the brain that results from a blow to the head..






7. Harry Jerison's quantitative measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size - according to the principle of proper mass - for an animal of a particular body size.






8. All the neurons in the body located outside the brain and the spinal cord; provides sensory and motor connections to and from the CNS






9. Floor (area below the ventricle) of the midbrain; a collection of nuclei with movement-related - species-specific - and pain-perception functions.






10. A groove in brain matter - usually a groove found in the neocortex or cerebellum.






11. Animal that has both a brain and a spinal cord.






12. Large collection of axons coursing together within the central nervous system.






13. Cerebral Cortex often generally characterized as performing the brain's 'executive' functions - such as decision making - lying anterior to the central sulcus and beneath the frontal bone of the skull.






14. General term referring to primates that walk upright - including all forms of humans - living and extinct.






15. Quandary of explaining a nonmaterial mind in command of a material body.






16. Part of the PNS that includes the cranial and spinal nerves to and from the muscles - joints - and skin that produce movement - transmit incoming sensory input - and inform the CNS about the position and movement of body parts.






17. That holds that both a nonmaterial mind and the material body contribute to behavior.






18. Areas of the nervous system rich in fat-sheathed neural axons that form the connections between brain cells.






19. Outer layer of brain-tissue surface composed of neurons; the human cerebral cortex is heavily folded.






20. Philosophical position that holds that behavior can be explained as a function of the nervous system without explanatory recourse to the mind.






21. Simple nervous system that has no brain or spinal cord but consists of neurons that receive sensory information and connect directly to other neurons that move muscles.






22. Surgical removal of a cerebral hemisphere.






23. Disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex - amygdala - hippocampus - among other str






24. The 'between brain' that integrates sensory and motor information on its way to the cerebral cortex.






25. Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior.






26. Degenerative brain disorder related to aging that first appears as progressive memory loss and later develops into generalized dementia.

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27. Map of the neocortex based on the organization - structure - and distribution of the cells.






28. Cerebral Cortex that functions to direct movements toward a goal or to perform a task - such as grasping an object - lying posterior to the central sulcus and beneath the parietal bone at the top of the skull.






29. Decrease in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






30. The bones - or segments - that form the spinal column.






31. Central part of the brain that contains neural circuits for hearing and seeing as well as orienting movements.






32. Condition in which a person can display some rudimentary behaviors - such as smiling - or utter a few words but is otherwise not conscious.






33. Midbrain area in which nuclei and fiber pathways are mixed - producing a netlike appearance; associated with sleep-wake behavior and behavioral arousal.






34. One of a set of 12 nerve pairs that control sensory and motor functions of the head - neck - and internal organs.






35. Body plan in which organs or parts present on both sides of the body are mirror images in appearance.






36. One of four cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain and may play a role in maintaining brain metabolism.






37. Part of the autonomic nervous system; arouses the body for action - such as mediating the involuntary fight-or-flight response to alarm by increasing hear rate and blood pressure.






38. The general principle that sensory fibers are located dorsally and motors fibers are located ventrally.






39. Cerebral cortex where visual processing begins - lying at the back of the brain ad beneath the occipital bone.






40. Collection of nerve cells that function somewhat like a brain.






41. Large collection of axons coursing together outside of the central nervous system.






42. Of the mind; an explanation of behavior as a function of the nonmaterial mind.






43. Proposed nonmaterial entity responsible for intelligence - attention - awareness and consciousness.






44. A group of cells forming a cluster that can be identified with special stains to form a functional grouping.






45. Division into a number of parts that are similar; refers to the idea that many animals - including vertebrates - are composed of similarly organized body segments.






46. Central structures of the brain - including the hindbrain - midbrain - thalamus - and hypothalamus - responsible for most unconscious behavior.






47. Approved experiment directed toward developing a treatment.






48. Phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly - suggesting a taxonomy of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise.






49. Forbearer from which two or more lineages or family groups arise and so is ancestral to both groups.






50. The nervous system's potential for physical or chemical change that enhances its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury.







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