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Behavioral Neuroscience

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process in which maturation is delayed - and so an adult retains infant characteristics; idea derived from the observation that newly evolved species resemble the young of their common ancestors.






2. Disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex - amygdala - hippocampus - among other str






3. Clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that fills the ventricles inside the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space.






4. The 'between brain' that integrates sensory and motor information on its way to the cerebral cortex.






5. Forbearer from which two or more lineages or family groups arise and so is ancestral to both groups.






6. Part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of internal organs and glands.






7. Behavior that is characteristic of all members of a species.






8. A specialized 'nerve cell' engaged in information processing.






9. Major structure of the brainstem specialized for coordinating and learning skilled movements. In large-brained animals - it may also have a role in the coordination of other mental processes.






10. Part of the autonomic nervous system; acts in opposition to the sympathetic division- for example - preparing the body to rest and digest by reversing the alarm response or stimulating digestion.






11. The general principle that sensory fibers are located dorsally and motors fibers are located ventrally.






12. Quandary of explaining a nonmaterial mind in command of a material body.






13. Condition in which a person is alive but unable to communicate or to function independently at even the most basic level.






14. Floor (area below the ventricle) of the midbrain; a collection of nuclei with movement-related - species-specific - and pain-perception functions.






15. Approved experiment directed toward developing a treatment.






16. Roof (area above the ventricle) of the midbrain; its functions are sensory processing - particular visual and auditory - and the production of orienting movements.






17. Darwin's theory for explaining how new species evolve and how existing species change over time. Differential success in the reproduction of different characteristics (phenotypes) results from the interaction of organisms with their environment.






18. Areas of the nervous system rich in fat-sheathed neural axons that form the connections between brain cells.






19. Subcortical forebrain nuclei that coordinate voluntary movements of the limbs and body; connected to the thalamus and to the midbrain.






20. Phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly - suggesting a taxonomy of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise.






21. One of four cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain and may play a role in maintaining brain metabolism.






22. Evolutionarily the newest part of the brain; coordinates advanced cognitive functions such as thinking - planning - and language; contains the limbic system - basal ganglia - and the neocortex.






23. Surgical removal of a cerebral hemisphere.






24. Central part of the brain that contains neural circuits for hearing and seeing as well as orienting movements.






25. Areas of the nervous system composed predominantly of cell bodies and blood vessels that function either to collect and modify information or to support this activity.






26. Literally - half a sphere - referring to one side of the cerebral cortex or of one side of the cerebellum.






27. Collection of nerve cells that function somewhat like a brain.






28. Outer layer of brain-tissue surface composed of neurons; the human cerebral cortex is heavily folded.






29. Three layers of protective tissue - dura mater - arachnoid - and pia mater - that encase the brain and spinal cord.






30. Cerebral Cortex often generally characterized as performing the brain's 'executive' functions - such as decision making - lying anterior to the central sulcus and beneath the frontal bone of the skull.






31. Area of the skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single spinal-cord dorsal root.






32. Idea that selection for improved brain cooling through increased blood circulation in the brains of early hominids enabled the brain to grow larger.






33. Movement related to sensory inputs - such as turning the head to see the source of a sound.






34. Conducting toward a central nervous system structure.






35. Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior.






36. Sudden appearance of neurological symptom as a result of severe interruption of blood flow.






37. Evolutionarily the oldest part of the brain; contains pons - medulla - reticular formation - and cerebellum structures that coordinate and control most voluntary and involuntary movements.






38. Learned behaviors that are passed on from on generation to the next through teaching and experience.






39. Large collection of axons coursing together within the central nervous system.






40. Diencephalon structure through which information from all sensory systems is integrated and projected into the appropriate region of the neocortex.






41. Condition in which a person can display some rudimentary behaviors - such as smiling - or utter a few words but is otherwise not conscious.






42. Newest - outer layer (new bark) of the forebrain and composed of about six layers of gray matter that creates or reality.






43. Degenerative brain disorder related to aging that first appears as progressive memory loss and later develops into generalized dementia.

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44. Conducting away from the central nervous system structure.






45. Decrease in the activity of a neuron or brain area.






46. Body plan in which organs or parts present on both sides of the body are mirror images in appearance.






47. Disorder of the motor system correlated with a loss of dopamine in the brain an characterized by tremors - muscular rigidity - and a reduction in voluntary movement.

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48. Fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres to provide a route for direct communication between them.






49. Map of the neocortex based on the organization - structure - and distribution of the cells.






50. Harry Jerison's quantitative measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size - according to the principle of proper mass - for an animal of a particular body size.