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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Emancipation of a minor
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

2. Phases of clinical trials
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Picking neighbors for controls and such

3. Procedure bias

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4. Random vs systematic error
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Ad/bc
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

5. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Disease (+ or -)
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

6. Depression sleep patterns
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Spouse>children>parents
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

7. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

8. Number needed to treat equation
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1/absolute risk reduction
Spouse>children>parents

9. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Stage 3
Best payment method for preventative care

10. Attributable risk equation
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

11. Capitation
Best payment method for preventative care
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
1/attributable risk
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

12. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Spouse>children>parents

13. Relative risk equation
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

14. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

15. Reliability=
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
1/absolute risk reduction

16. Grief sx - timeline
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Ad/bc

17. Absolute risk reduction equation
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

18. Cross-sectional study
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

19. Selection vs sampling bias
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

20. Positive vs negative skew
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Elderly - vs Destitute
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

21. Waves of sleep
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Stage 3
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

22. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

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23. Number needed to harm equation
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Stage 3
1/attributable risk

24. Confidence interval confirms H0
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Best payment method for preventative care
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Ad/bc

25. Surrogate hierarchy
Spouse>children>parents
Ad/bc
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

26. Null vs alternative hypothesis
=SD/sqrt(n)
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

27. Effect modification
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1/attributable risk
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

28. 3 yr milestones
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Elderly - vs Destitute

29. 12 month milestones
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

30. BMI equation - levels
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

31. Odds ratio equation
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Best payment method for preventative care
Ad/bc
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

32. NTs in REM sleep
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

33. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

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34. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

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35. SEM=
=SD/sqrt(n)
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

36. Late-look bias
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

37. MedicarE vs medicaid
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Elderly - vs Destitute
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

38. Case-control vs cohort study
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

39. Matching
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Ad/bc

40. Latent period bias
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Elderly - vs Destitute