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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Number needed to harm equation
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Stage 3
1/attributable risk
Disease (+ or -)

2. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

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3. Grief sx - timeline
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

4. Case-control vs cohort study
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

5. 12 month milestones
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Picking neighbors for controls and such
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

6. Attributable risk equation
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

7. Waves of sleep
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

8. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

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9. Random vs systematic error
=SD/sqrt(n)
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

10. Positive vs negative skew
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Ad/bc
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

11. Selection vs sampling bias
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

12. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

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13. Emancipation of a minor
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1/attributable risk

14. SEM=
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
=SD/sqrt(n)
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

15. Reliability=
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Picking neighbors for controls and such

16. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Best payment method for preventative care
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

17. Depression sleep patterns
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

18. MedicarE vs medicaid
Elderly - vs Destitute
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

19. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

20. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
1/attributable risk
Ad/bc

21. Effect modification
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1/absolute risk reduction

22. BMI equation - levels
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

23. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Disease (+ or -)
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

24. Relative risk equation
Best payment method for preventative care
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

25. Matching
Picking neighbors for controls and such
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

26. Latent period bias
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Best payment method for preventative care
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

27. Cross-sectional study
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1/absolute risk reduction

28. Surrogate hierarchy
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Spouse>children>parents
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

29. 3 yr milestones
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

30. Absolute risk reduction equation
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

31. Confidence interval confirms H0
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

32. Phases of clinical trials
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

33. Late-look bias
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Best payment method for preventative care
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

34. Capitation
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Ad/bc
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Best payment method for preventative care

35. Number needed to treat equation
1/absolute risk reduction
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

36. Odds ratio equation
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Ad/bc
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

37. NTs in REM sleep
Best payment method for preventative care
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

38. Procedure bias

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39. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Stage 3
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

40. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)