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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Grief sx - timeline
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

2. Confidence interval confirms H0
Disease (+ or -)
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
1/attributable risk
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

3. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

4. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

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5. Cross-sectional study
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
=SD/sqrt(n)
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

6. MedicarE vs medicaid
1/absolute risk reduction
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Elderly - vs Destitute
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

7. Relative risk equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

8. 12 month milestones
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Ad/bc
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

9. Absolute risk reduction equation
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Spouse>children>parents
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

10. Null vs alternative hypothesis
1/attributable risk
Best payment method for preventative care
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

11. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Best payment method for preventative care
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Stage 3

12. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
=SD/sqrt(n)
Best payment method for preventative care

13. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Disease (+ or -)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

14. 3 yr milestones
Stage 3
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

15. Depression sleep patterns
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

16. BMI equation - levels
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Disease (+ or -)
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

17. Emancipation of a minor
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Stage 3
1/absolute risk reduction
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

18. Reliability=
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

19. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

20. Waves of sleep
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

21. Random vs systematic error
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Disease (+ or -)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

22. Surrogate hierarchy
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Spouse>children>parents

23. Effect modification
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Picking neighbors for controls and such

24. Number needed to harm equation
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Picking neighbors for controls and such
1/attributable risk

25. Case-control vs cohort study
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Best payment method for preventative care
Spouse>children>parents

26. NTs in REM sleep
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Elderly - vs Destitute
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

27. Odds ratio equation
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Ad/bc

28. Positive vs negative skew
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Spouse>children>parents
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

29. Procedure bias

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30. Latent period bias
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

31. Late-look bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
1/absolute risk reduction
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

32. Capitation
Best payment method for preventative care
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

33. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

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34. Matching
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Ad/bc
Spouse>children>parents

35. Phases of clinical trials
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

36. Attributable risk equation
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Best payment method for preventative care
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

37. SEM=
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
=SD/sqrt(n)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

38. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

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39. Number needed to treat equation
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Elderly - vs Destitute
1/absolute risk reduction

40. Selection vs sampling bias
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is