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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Case-control vs cohort study
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Elderly - vs Destitute
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

2. Attributable risk equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

3. Confidence interval confirms H0
Stage 3
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

4. Surrogate hierarchy
Spouse>children>parents
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

5. Positive vs negative skew
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

6. MedicarE vs medicaid
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Elderly - vs Destitute
Ad/bc

7. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

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8. Confidence interval equation (95%)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

9. Late-look bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

10. Latent period bias
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

11. Relative risk equation
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Elderly - vs Destitute

12. Procedure bias

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13. Phases of clinical trials
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

14. Effect modification
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Elderly - vs Destitute

15. Capitation
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Best payment method for preventative care

16. Grief sx - timeline
1/absolute risk reduction
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Ad/bc

17. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

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18. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Elderly - vs Destitute

19. Reliability=
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Stage 3
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

20. Number needed to harm equation
1/attributable risk
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

21. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Disease (+ or -)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Picking neighbors for controls and such

22. Cross-sectional study
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

23. Selection vs sampling bias
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

24. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Ad/bc
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

25. Number needed to treat equation
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Disease (+ or -)
1/absolute risk reduction

26. Matching
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Picking neighbors for controls and such
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Best payment method for preventative care

27. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Stage 3

28. Depression sleep patterns
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Stage 3

29. 12 month milestones
Spouse>children>parents
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

30. Waves of sleep
Disease (+ or -)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

31. Null vs alternative hypothesis
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
1/attributable risk
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

32. Absolute risk reduction equation
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

33. Random vs systematic error
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

34. 3 yr milestones
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

35. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

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36. Emancipation of a minor
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Elderly - vs Destitute

37. NTs in REM sleep
Best payment method for preventative care
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

38. Odds ratio equation
Ad/bc
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

39. SEM=
Disease (+ or -)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
=SD/sqrt(n)
Picking neighbors for controls and such

40. BMI equation - levels
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
=SD/sqrt(n)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap