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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Selection vs sampling bias
Best payment method for preventative care
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

2. Number needed to harm equation
1/attributable risk
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

3. Depression sleep patterns
Disease (+ or -)
Stage 3
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

4. Procedure bias
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

5. Effect modification
Spouse>children>parents
Elderly - vs Destitute
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

6. Relative risk equation
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Disease (+ or -)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

7. Odds ratio equation
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Ad/bc

8. NTs in REM sleep
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

9. Confidence interval equation (95%)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

10. Late-look bias
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

11. Matching
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Elderly - vs Destitute
=SD/sqrt(n)

12. Grief sx - timeline
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Ad/bc

13. Confidence interval confirms H0
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Ad/bc
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

14. 3 yr milestones
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

15. Random vs systematic error
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

16. MedicarE vs medicaid
Elderly - vs Destitute
Best payment method for preventative care
Ad/bc
Stage 3

17. Cross-sectional study
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

18. Absolute risk reduction equation
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

19. Attributable risk equation
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Picking neighbors for controls and such

20. Case-control vs cohort study
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

21. Waves of sleep
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Stage 3

22. BMI equation - levels
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Spouse>children>parents

23. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

24. Phases of clinical trials
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

25. Reliability=
=SD/sqrt(n)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

26. SEM=
Best payment method for preventative care
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
=SD/sqrt(n)

27. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

28. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Elderly - vs Destitute
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
=SD/sqrt(n)

29. Number needed to treat equation
Stage 3
Spouse>children>parents
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1/absolute risk reduction

30. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Elderly - vs Destitute
Stage 3
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

31. Positive vs negative skew
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Disease (+ or -)

32. 12 month milestones
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
=SD/sqrt(n)
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

33. Emancipation of a minor
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Stage 3
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

34. Surrogate hierarchy
Spouse>children>parents
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Best payment method for preventative care
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

35. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

36. Capitation
1/absolute risk reduction
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Best payment method for preventative care
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

37. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Ad/bc
Disease (+ or -)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

38. Null vs alternative hypothesis
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

39. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
=SD/sqrt(n)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
1/absolute risk reduction

40. Latent period bias
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

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Behavioral Science

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