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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Waves of sleep
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
1/attributable risk
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

2. SEM=
=SD/sqrt(n)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Stage 3
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

3. Phases of clinical trials
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

4. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Disease (+ or -)
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

5. 3 yr milestones
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

6. Effect modification
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Disease (+ or -)
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

7. BMI equation - levels
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Disease (+ or -)
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

8. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Disease (+ or -)
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

9. Capitation
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Best payment method for preventative care
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

10. Number needed to harm equation
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
1/attributable risk
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

11. Grief sx - timeline
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

12. Late-look bias
Spouse>children>parents
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
=SD/sqrt(n)
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

13. Surrogate hierarchy
1/absolute risk reduction
Spouse>children>parents
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Stage 3

14. Procedure bias

15. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

16. Reliability=
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

17. Number needed to treat equation
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
1/absolute risk reduction
=SD/sqrt(n)

18. Positive vs negative skew
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Stage 3
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

19. NTs in REM sleep
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

20. Selection vs sampling bias
Disease (+ or -)
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

21. 12 month milestones
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

22. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Elderly - vs Destitute
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Picking neighbors for controls and such

23. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Stage 3
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
1/attributable risk
Elderly - vs Destitute

24. Depression sleep patterns
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

25. Absolute risk reduction equation
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Disease (+ or -)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

26. Odds ratio equation
Ad/bc
Spouse>children>parents
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Best payment method for preventative care

27. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

28. Relative risk equation
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

29. Emancipation of a minor
=SD/sqrt(n)
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

30. Attributable risk equation
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Spouse>children>parents
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

31. MedicarE vs medicaid
Elderly - vs Destitute
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

32. Null vs alternative hypothesis
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Best payment method for preventative care

33. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

34. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

35. Matching
Picking neighbors for controls and such
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

36. Latent period bias
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1/attributable risk
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Spouse>children>parents

37. Random vs systematic error
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Ad/bc
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

38. Confidence interval confirms H0
Disease (+ or -)
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

39. Case-control vs cohort study
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
=SD/sqrt(n)
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

40. Cross-sectional study
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
1/absolute risk reduction