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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Case-control vs cohort study
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

2. Phases of clinical trials
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

3. Confidence interval confirms H0
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

4. MedicarE vs medicaid
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Elderly - vs Destitute
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

5. Reliability=
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

6. Number needed to harm equation
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1/attributable risk
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

7. Late-look bias
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

8. SEM=
Stage 3
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
=SD/sqrt(n)

9. Matching
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Disease (+ or -)
Picking neighbors for controls and such
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

10. Effect modification
Disease (+ or -)
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

11. Number needed to treat equation
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
=SD/sqrt(n)
1/absolute risk reduction

12. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

13. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Disease (+ or -)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Spouse>children>parents

14. Cross-sectional study
=SD/sqrt(n)
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

15. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
Spouse>children>parents
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

16. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

17. NTs in REM sleep
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

18. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Best payment method for preventative care
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Stage 3

19. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

20. BMI equation - levels
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Elderly - vs Destitute
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

21. Selection vs sampling bias
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
1/absolute risk reduction

22. Waves of sleep
1/attributable risk
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

23. Emancipation of a minor
Disease (+ or -)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

24. Positive vs negative skew
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Disease (+ or -)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

25. Absolute risk reduction equation
=SD/sqrt(n)
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

26. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

27. Attributable risk equation
Stage 3
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Spouse>children>parents

28. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Elderly - vs Destitute
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

29. 3 yr milestones
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Spouse>children>parents
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

30. Capitation
Best payment method for preventative care
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

31. Grief sx - timeline
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Stage 3

32. Latent period bias
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Elderly - vs Destitute
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

33. Depression sleep patterns
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

34. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Stage 3
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

35. 12 month milestones
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Stage 3
=SD/sqrt(n)
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

36. Relative risk equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

37. Surrogate hierarchy
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Spouse>children>parents
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

38. Random vs systematic error
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

39. Odds ratio equation
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Ad/bc

40. Procedure bias