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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Number needed to treat equation
1/absolute risk reduction
Best payment method for preventative care
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

2. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Stage 3
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

3. BMI equation - levels
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

4. Positive vs negative skew
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

5. Number needed to harm equation
1/attributable risk
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Ad/bc

6. Surrogate hierarchy
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Spouse>children>parents
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

7. Odds ratio equation
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Ad/bc
Best payment method for preventative care
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

8. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Disease (+ or -)
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

9. Selection vs sampling bias
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Best payment method for preventative care

10. Late-look bias
Picking neighbors for controls and such
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

11. Relative risk equation
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

12. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Best payment method for preventative care

13. Absolute risk reduction equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

14. Random vs systematic error
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Elderly - vs Destitute
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

15. MedicarE vs medicaid
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
=SD/sqrt(n)
Elderly - vs Destitute

16. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Stage 3
=SD/sqrt(n)
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
1/attributable risk

17. 3 yr milestones
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Disease (+ or -)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

18. Capitation
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Best payment method for preventative care
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Stage 3

19. Case-control vs cohort study
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1/attributable risk

20. 12 month milestones
Elderly - vs Destitute
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Disease (+ or -)
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

21. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1/absolute risk reduction

22. SEM=
=SD/sqrt(n)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

23. Depression sleep patterns
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
1/absolute risk reduction
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

24. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

25. Waves of sleep
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

26. Effect modification
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Picking neighbors for controls and such
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

27. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
=SD/sqrt(n)
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

28. Matching
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

29. Confidence interval confirms H0
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

30. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

31. Grief sx - timeline
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Ad/bc
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

32. Procedure bias
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

33. Reliability=
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

34. Cross-sectional study
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Best payment method for preventative care
Spouse>children>parents
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

35. Attributable risk equation
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Ad/bc
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

36. Emancipation of a minor
Picking neighbors for controls and such
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

37. Phases of clinical trials
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Disease (+ or -)

38. NTs in REM sleep
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
1/attributable risk
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

39. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

40. Latent period bias
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

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