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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Random vs systematic error
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Best payment method for preventative care
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

2. NTs in REM sleep
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

3. Selection vs sampling bias
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

4. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Stage 3
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

5. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

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6. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

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7. Relative risk equation
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
1/absolute risk reduction
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

8. Waves of sleep
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

9. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

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10. 12 month milestones
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

11. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

12. Case-control vs cohort study
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
1/absolute risk reduction
Spouse>children>parents

13. Absolute risk reduction equation
Disease (+ or -)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

14. Confidence interval confirms H0
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1/absolute risk reduction
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

15. Positive vs negative skew
Disease (+ or -)
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

16. Surrogate hierarchy
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Best payment method for preventative care
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Spouse>children>parents

17. Matching
Disease (+ or -)
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Best payment method for preventative care
Spouse>children>parents

18. Grief sx - timeline
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

19. 3 yr milestones
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1/absolute risk reduction
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

20. Confidence interval equation (95%)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

21. Depression sleep patterns
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

22. Number needed to treat equation
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
1/absolute risk reduction
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

23. Null vs alternative hypothesis
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Stage 3
Elderly - vs Destitute

24. Late-look bias
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

25. SEM=
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Ad/bc
1/absolute risk reduction
=SD/sqrt(n)

26. Odds ratio equation
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Ad/bc
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

27. BMI equation - levels
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

28. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Disease (+ or -)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

29. Effect modification
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

30. Cross-sectional study
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

31. Emancipation of a minor
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
=SD/sqrt(n)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

32. Capitation
Best payment method for preventative care
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

33. Procedure bias

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34. MedicarE vs medicaid
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Elderly - vs Destitute
Stage 3
=SD/sqrt(n)

35. Phases of clinical trials
Elderly - vs Destitute
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

36. Number needed to harm equation
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
=SD/sqrt(n)
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
1/attributable risk

37. Reliability=
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

38. Attributable risk equation
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

39. Latent period bias
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

40. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Picking neighbors for controls and such
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]