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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Selection vs sampling bias
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1/attributable risk
Best payment method for preventative care
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

2. Surrogate hierarchy
Stage 3
Spouse>children>parents
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

3. MedicarE vs medicaid
=SD/sqrt(n)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Elderly - vs Destitute
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

4. Waves of sleep
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Stage 3

5. Late-look bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

6. Absolute risk reduction equation
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Elderly - vs Destitute
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

7. Phases of clinical trials
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

8. NTs in REM sleep
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
1/absolute risk reduction
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

9. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

10. Capitation
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Best payment method for preventative care
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

11. SEM=
Ad/bc
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
=SD/sqrt(n)
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

12. Number needed to treat equation
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1/absolute risk reduction

13. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Elderly - vs Destitute
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

14. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Ad/bc
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

15. Matching
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

16. Odds ratio equation
Ad/bc
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
1/attributable risk
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

17. Latent period bias
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

18. Attributable risk equation
Best payment method for preventative care
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

19. Grief sx - timeline
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

20. Case-control vs cohort study
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

21. 3 yr milestones
Stage 3
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

22. Cross-sectional study
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

23. Procedure bias

24. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

25. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Disease (+ or -)
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Stage 3
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

26. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Stage 3
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

27. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

28. Effect modification
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Elderly - vs Destitute

29. Confidence interval confirms H0
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

30. 12 month milestones
Ad/bc
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

31. Relative risk equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Best payment method for preventative care
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

32. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Best payment method for preventative care
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Disease (+ or -)

33. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

34. Emancipation of a minor
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

35. Positive vs negative skew
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

36. BMI equation - levels
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
=SD/sqrt(n)
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

37. Number needed to harm equation
1/attributable risk
Ad/bc
Best payment method for preventative care
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

38. Reliability=
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

39. Depression sleep patterns
1/absolute risk reduction
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Stage 3
Elderly - vs Destitute

40. Random vs systematic error
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal