Test your basic knowledge |

Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Waves of sleep
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Spouse>children>parents
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

2. Cross-sectional study
Elderly - vs Destitute
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
1/attributable risk

3. Selection vs sampling bias
Ad/bc
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Disease (+ or -)

4. Random vs systematic error
Disease (+ or -)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Best payment method for preventative care

5. Positive vs negative skew
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Ad/bc
Elderly - vs Destitute
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

6. Reliability=
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

7. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

8. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

9. Latent period bias
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

10. Depression sleep patterns
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

11. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Stage 3
1/attributable risk
Elderly - vs Destitute

12. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

13. Procedure bias

14. Emancipation of a minor
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

15. MedicarE vs medicaid
Elderly - vs Destitute
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

16. Attributable risk equation
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Ad/bc
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

17. Relative risk equation
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
1/attributable risk

18. Grief sx - timeline
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Stage 3
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

19. Case-control vs cohort study
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

20. BMI equation - levels
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

21. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Disease (+ or -)
Best payment method for preventative care

22. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
=SD/sqrt(n)
Stage 3
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

23. Number needed to treat equation
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
1/absolute risk reduction
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

24. 12 month milestones
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

25. Number needed to harm equation
1/attributable risk
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Ad/bc
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

26. Odds ratio equation
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Ad/bc
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

27. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

28. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

29. 3 yr milestones
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Elderly - vs Destitute
Disease (+ or -)

30. Phases of clinical trials
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Stage 3
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

31. Surrogate hierarchy
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Spouse>children>parents

32. Effect modification
Elderly - vs Destitute
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

33. Absolute risk reduction equation
Stage 3
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

34. Matching
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

35. NTs in REM sleep
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Best payment method for preventative care
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

36. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

37. Confidence interval confirms H0
Elderly - vs Destitute
Disease (+ or -)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

38. Late-look bias
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

39. Capitation
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Best payment method for preventative care
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

40. SEM=
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
=SD/sqrt(n)
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]