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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Capitation
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
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1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

2. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

3. Odds ratio equation
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Ad/bc
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

4. Reliability=
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

5. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

6. Latent period bias
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Disease (+ or -)
Spouse>children>parents

7. Confidence interval confirms H0
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

8. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
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Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Stage 3
Disease (+ or -)

9. Waves of sleep
1/absolute risk reduction
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

10. Random vs systematic error
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
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Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

11. Late-look bias
Elderly - vs Destitute
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Spouse>children>parents

12. Absolute risk reduction equation
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Ad/bc

13. NTs in REM sleep
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Disease (+ or -)
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

14. Surrogate hierarchy
Spouse>children>parents
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Stage 3
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

15. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

16. Attributable risk equation
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Ad/bc
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

17. Case-control vs cohort study
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1/attributable risk
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

18. MedicarE vs medicaid
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Elderly - vs Destitute
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

19. Emancipation of a minor
Ad/bc
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Elderly - vs Destitute
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

20. 12 month milestones
=SD/sqrt(n)
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

21. Positive vs negative skew
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
1/absolute risk reduction
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

22. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

23. Phases of clinical trials
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

24. Depression sleep patterns
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

25. Number needed to harm equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
1/absolute risk reduction
1/attributable risk

26. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

27. Selection vs sampling bias
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

28. BMI equation - levels
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

29. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
1/attributable risk
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

30. 3 yr milestones
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Ad/bc

31. Relative risk equation
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Stage 3

32. Effect modification
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

33. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

34. Grief sx - timeline
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Picking neighbors for controls and such

35. Number needed to treat equation
1/absolute risk reduction
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Best payment method for preventative care

36. SEM=
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
=SD/sqrt(n)

37. Cross-sectional study
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
1/absolute risk reduction
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

38. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Disease (+ or -)
Stage 3
Spouse>children>parents

39. Procedure bias

40. Matching
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Picking neighbors for controls and such
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs