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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Effect modification
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Ad/bc
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

2. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

3. NTs in REM sleep
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

4. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Stage 3

5. BMI equation - levels
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

6. Number needed to harm equation
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
1/attributable risk
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

7. Odds ratio equation
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Ad/bc

8. Confidence interval confirms H0
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

9. Late-look bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

10. Relative risk equation
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

11. Positive vs negative skew
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Ad/bc
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

12. Cross-sectional study
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Best payment method for preventative care
Disease (+ or -)

13. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

14. MedicarE vs medicaid
Best payment method for preventative care
Elderly - vs Destitute
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

15. Case-control vs cohort study
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

16. Reliability=
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
=SD/sqrt(n)
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

17. Capitation
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Best payment method for preventative care
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

18. Attributable risk equation
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

19. Waves of sleep
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

20. Emancipation of a minor
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

21. Matching
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Disease (+ or -)
Ad/bc
1/attributable risk

22. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Elderly - vs Destitute
Best payment method for preventative care
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

23. Null vs alternative hypothesis
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

24. Surrogate hierarchy
Spouse>children>parents
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

25. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Best payment method for preventative care
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

26. Grief sx - timeline
1/absolute risk reduction
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

27. Procedure bias

28. Selection vs sampling bias
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

29. Number needed to treat equation
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
1/absolute risk reduction

30. 12 month milestones
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1/absolute risk reduction
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

31. 3 yr milestones
1/absolute risk reduction
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

32. Random vs systematic error
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Ad/bc

33. SEM=
=SD/sqrt(n)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

34. Absolute risk reduction equation
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

35. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Disease (+ or -)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

36. Phases of clinical trials
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
1/absolute risk reduction

37. Depression sleep patterns
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

38. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

39. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

40. Latent period bias
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Picking neighbors for controls and such