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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Case-control vs cohort study
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

2. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

3. MedicarE vs medicaid
Elderly - vs Destitute
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
1/attributable risk

4. Absolute risk reduction equation
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

5. Procedure bias

6. Reliability=
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

7. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

8. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
1/absolute risk reduction
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

9. Capitation
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Best payment method for preventative care

10. 3 yr milestones
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Stage 3
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

11. Attributable risk equation
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Stage 3
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

12. Waves of sleep
Stage 3
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

13. Latent period bias
Elderly - vs Destitute
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Stage 3

14. Matching
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

15. Random vs systematic error
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Spouse>children>parents
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

16. Selection vs sampling bias
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

17. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

18. 12 month milestones
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
=SD/sqrt(n)
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Best payment method for preventative care

19. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Elderly - vs Destitute
Disease (+ or -)

20. BMI equation - levels
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

21. Number needed to treat equation
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Elderly - vs Destitute
1/absolute risk reduction

22. Confidence interval confirms H0
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

23. Confidence interval equation (95%)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

24. Positive vs negative skew
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Elderly - vs Destitute
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

25. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

26. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Stage 3
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

27. Phases of clinical trials
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
=SD/sqrt(n)
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

28. Surrogate hierarchy
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Spouse>children>parents
Picking neighbors for controls and such
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

29. Relative risk equation
1/attributable risk
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Disease (+ or -)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

30. Emancipation of a minor
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

31. Number needed to harm equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
1/attributable risk

32. NTs in REM sleep
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

33. Late-look bias
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Disease (+ or -)
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

34. Effect modification
=SD/sqrt(n)
1/attributable risk
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

35. Grief sx - timeline
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

36. Odds ratio equation
Ad/bc
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Stage 3

37. SEM=
Stage 3
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
=SD/sqrt(n)

38. Depression sleep patterns
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Spouse>children>parents
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

39. Cross-sectional study
Picking neighbors for controls and such
=SD/sqrt(n)
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

40. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Elderly - vs Destitute
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs