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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. BMI equation - levels
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Ad/bc
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

2. 3 yr milestones
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

3. Case-control vs cohort study
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

4. Confidence interval confirms H0
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

5. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

6. Confidence interval equation (95%)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

7. Relative risk equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

8. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Stage 3
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

9. Waves of sleep
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Stage 3
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

10. Grief sx - timeline
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Best payment method for preventative care
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

11. Random vs systematic error
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

12. Emancipation of a minor
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Stage 3

13. Matching
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
1/absolute risk reduction
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Picking neighbors for controls and such

14. Positive vs negative skew
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Stage 3
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

15. Cross-sectional study
1/absolute risk reduction
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Spouse>children>parents
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

16. Number needed to treat equation
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
1/absolute risk reduction
Elderly - vs Destitute

17. Number needed to harm equation
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1/attributable risk

18. NTs in REM sleep
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Disease (+ or -)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

19. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

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20. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
1/absolute risk reduction
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Stage 3

21. Surrogate hierarchy
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Elderly - vs Destitute
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Spouse>children>parents

22. Depression sleep patterns
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Best payment method for preventative care

23. Late-look bias
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
1/absolute risk reduction
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

24. Capitation
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Best payment method for preventative care
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Picking neighbors for controls and such

25. MedicarE vs medicaid
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Elderly - vs Destitute
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

26. Phases of clinical trials
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Elderly - vs Destitute
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

27. Attributable risk equation
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

28. Effect modification
Picking neighbors for controls and such
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
=SD/sqrt(n)

29. Selection vs sampling bias
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
=SD/sqrt(n)

30. SEM=
=SD/sqrt(n)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

31. 12 month milestones
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Ad/bc

32. Odds ratio equation
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Ad/bc
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
1/absolute risk reduction

33. Latent period bias
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Spouse>children>parents
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

34. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Disease (+ or -)
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

35. Absolute risk reduction equation
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Disease (+ or -)
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

36. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

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37. Reliability=
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
=SD/sqrt(n)
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

38. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Ad/bc
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
1/attributable risk

39. Procedure bias

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40. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

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