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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Case-control vs cohort study
Best payment method for preventative care
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

2. Grief sx - timeline
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

3. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Ad/bc

4. Confidence interval confirms H0
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

5. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
1/absolute risk reduction
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
1/attributable risk

6. Odds ratio equation
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Best payment method for preventative care
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Ad/bc

7. SEM=
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Disease (+ or -)
=SD/sqrt(n)
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

8. Selection vs sampling bias
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

9. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Ad/bc

10. Number needed to harm equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
1/attributable risk
=SD/sqrt(n)

11. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Stage 3
1/attributable risk
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

12. Late-look bias
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

13. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

14. 12 month milestones
Disease (+ or -)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

15. Matching
Spouse>children>parents
Disease (+ or -)
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

16. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

17. Waves of sleep
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

18. Reliability=
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Elderly - vs Destitute
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

19. Procedure bias

20. Positive vs negative skew
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
1/absolute risk reduction
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

21. Random vs systematic error
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Picking neighbors for controls and such

22. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

23. Absolute risk reduction equation
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

24. Cross-sectional study
1/absolute risk reduction
Elderly - vs Destitute
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

25. NTs in REM sleep
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

26. Effect modification
Spouse>children>parents
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

27. Relative risk equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
=SD/sqrt(n)

28. Depression sleep patterns
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
=SD/sqrt(n)

29. Attributable risk equation
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Ad/bc
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

30. Capitation
Best payment method for preventative care
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

31. BMI equation - levels
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

32. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Disease (+ or -)
1/absolute risk reduction

33. Surrogate hierarchy
Spouse>children>parents
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Elderly - vs Destitute

34. Latent period bias
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Elderly - vs Destitute
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

35. Number needed to treat equation
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
1/absolute risk reduction
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

36. MedicarE vs medicaid
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Elderly - vs Destitute
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

37. Emancipation of a minor
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Stage 3
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

38. 3 yr milestones
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

39. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Best payment method for preventative care
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

40. Phases of clinical trials
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Disease (+ or -)