Test your basic knowledge |

Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Capitation
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Best payment method for preventative care
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

2. MedicarE vs medicaid
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
1/attributable risk
=SD/sqrt(n)
Elderly - vs Destitute

3. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
1/attributable risk
Ad/bc
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

4. Procedure bias

5. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Stage 3
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

6. Null vs alternative hypothesis
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

7. Selection vs sampling bias
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Disease (+ or -)
Stage 3
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

8. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Disease (+ or -)
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

9. Random vs systematic error
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
=SD/sqrt(n)
Best payment method for preventative care

10. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

11. Matching
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Best payment method for preventative care
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

12. Grief sx - timeline
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

13. 12 month milestones
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

14. Surrogate hierarchy
1/absolute risk reduction
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Spouse>children>parents
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

15. Late-look bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

16. Effect modification
1/attributable risk
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
=SD/sqrt(n)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

17. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

18. Reliability=
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

19. Waves of sleep
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
1/attributable risk
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

20. Emancipation of a minor
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

21. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

22. Number needed to treat equation
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1/absolute risk reduction
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

23. SEM=
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
=SD/sqrt(n)
1/attributable risk
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

24. Attributable risk equation
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Stage 3

25. Depression sleep patterns
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

26. NTs in REM sleep
Spouse>children>parents
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

27. Relative risk equation
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

28. 3 yr milestones
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

29. BMI equation - levels
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

30. Cross-sectional study
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Ad/bc
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

31. Phases of clinical trials
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
=SD/sqrt(n)
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

32. Positive vs negative skew
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Spouse>children>parents

33. Confidence interval confirms H0
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

34. Absolute risk reduction equation
Ad/bc
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

35. Odds ratio equation
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Ad/bc

36. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

37. Latent period bias
1/attributable risk
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

38. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

39. Case-control vs cohort study
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

40. Number needed to harm equation
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
1/attributable risk
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces