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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Waves of sleep
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

2. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

3. SEM=
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
=SD/sqrt(n)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

4. Relative risk equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Best payment method for preventative care

5. Odds ratio equation
1/attributable risk
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Ad/bc

6. Latent period bias
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

7. BMI equation - levels
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Spouse>children>parents
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Stage 3

8. 3 yr milestones
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

9. Procedure bias

10. Null vs alternative hypothesis
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

11. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

12. Attributable risk equation
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

13. Random vs systematic error
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

14. Case-control vs cohort study
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
=SD/sqrt(n)

15. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

16. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

17. Cross-sectional study
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

18. Confidence interval confirms H0
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

19. Number needed to harm equation
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Picking neighbors for controls and such
1/attributable risk

20. Depression sleep patterns
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

21. Reliability=
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Spouse>children>parents
Elderly - vs Destitute
=SD/sqrt(n)

22. Matching
Stage 3
Picking neighbors for controls and such
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
1/attributable risk

23. MedicarE vs medicaid
Elderly - vs Destitute
Disease (+ or -)
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

24. Capitation
Ad/bc
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Best payment method for preventative care
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

25. Late-look bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

26. Effect modification
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Picking neighbors for controls and such

27. Surrogate hierarchy
=SD/sqrt(n)
Spouse>children>parents
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

28. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Stage 3
=SD/sqrt(n)
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

29. Emancipation of a minor
1/absolute risk reduction
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

30. Phases of clinical trials
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
1/absolute risk reduction

31. NTs in REM sleep
1/attributable risk
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

32. Number needed to treat equation
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
1/absolute risk reduction
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

33. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

34. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Disease (+ or -)
1/attributable risk
Best payment method for preventative care

35. Selection vs sampling bias
Best payment method for preventative care
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

36. Positive vs negative skew
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Stage 3
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

37. Absolute risk reduction equation
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

38. Grief sx - timeline
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

39. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Ad/bc
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

40. 12 month milestones
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings