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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. SEM=
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
=SD/sqrt(n)

2. Effect modification
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Disease (+ or -)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

3. Grief sx - timeline
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

4. Surrogate hierarchy
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1/absolute risk reduction
Spouse>children>parents
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

5. Relative risk equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
1/absolute risk reduction
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

6. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

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7. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

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8. Depression sleep patterns
Disease (+ or -)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

9. Number needed to treat equation
1/absolute risk reduction
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1/attributable risk

10. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Stage 3
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

11. Selection vs sampling bias
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Ad/bc
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

12. Latent period bias
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
1/absolute risk reduction
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

13. Emancipation of a minor
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
1/absolute risk reduction
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

14. Waves of sleep
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
1/absolute risk reduction
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

15. Absolute risk reduction equation
Disease (+ or -)
1/attributable risk
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
1/absolute risk reduction

16. Number needed to harm equation
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
1/attributable risk

17. Null vs alternative hypothesis
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Best payment method for preventative care
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

18. Matching
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Spouse>children>parents
Picking neighbors for controls and such

19. NTs in REM sleep
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

20. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

21. Positive vs negative skew
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

22. Late-look bias
1/attributable risk
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

23. Phases of clinical trials
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

24. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Disease (+ or -)
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

25. Random vs systematic error
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

26. Confidence interval confirms H0
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

27. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

28. BMI equation - levels
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Spouse>children>parents
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

29. Case-control vs cohort study
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

30. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

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31. Attributable risk equation
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Best payment method for preventative care

32. MedicarE vs medicaid
Elderly - vs Destitute
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

33. Cross-sectional study
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

34. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

35. Capitation
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Best payment method for preventative care
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

36. Procedure bias

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37. 12 month milestones
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Stage 3
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Picking neighbors for controls and such

38. Reliability=
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

39. 3 yr milestones
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

40. Odds ratio equation
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Ad/bc
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.