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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

2. Confidence interval confirms H0
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1/attributable risk

3. Case-control vs cohort study
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

4. Relative risk equation
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

5. Number needed to harm equation
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
1/attributable risk

6. 3 yr milestones
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

7. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

8. Late-look bias
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Ad/bc

9. Latent period bias
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

10. Waves of sleep
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

11. Number needed to treat equation
1/absolute risk reduction
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Stage 3

12. Effect modification
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Best payment method for preventative care
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

13. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Disease (+ or -)
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

14. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1/absolute risk reduction
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

15. Cross-sectional study
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

16. Capitation
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Best payment method for preventative care
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Spouse>children>parents

17. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Stage 3
Ad/bc
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

18. Absolute risk reduction equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

19. NTs in REM sleep
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

20. Emancipation of a minor
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
1/absolute risk reduction
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

21. BMI equation - levels
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
1/attributable risk

22. Phases of clinical trials
Ad/bc
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
1/attributable risk
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

23. Random vs systematic error
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

24. Reliability=
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

25. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Elderly - vs Destitute
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

26. MedicarE vs medicaid
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Elderly - vs Destitute
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

27. 12 month milestones
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

28. Surrogate hierarchy
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
1/absolute risk reduction
Spouse>children>parents

29. Positive vs negative skew
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Elderly - vs Destitute
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

30. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

31. Grief sx - timeline
=SD/sqrt(n)
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
1/absolute risk reduction
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

32. Odds ratio equation
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Ad/bc

33. SEM=
1/absolute risk reduction
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
=SD/sqrt(n)

34. Procedure bias

35. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
1/absolute risk reduction

36. Matching
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

37. Attributable risk equation
=SD/sqrt(n)
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

38. Depression sleep patterns
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

39. Selection vs sampling bias
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
=SD/sqrt(n)
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

40. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)