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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Number needed to treat equation
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Elderly - vs Destitute
1/absolute risk reduction
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

2. Positive vs negative skew
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

3. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

4. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Spouse>children>parents
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Stage 3

5. 12 month milestones
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
=SD/sqrt(n)
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

6. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
1/absolute risk reduction

7. NTs in REM sleep
Stage 3
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Picking neighbors for controls and such
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

8. Cross-sectional study
Elderly - vs Destitute
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

9. Reliability=
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

10. Matching
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

11. Null vs alternative hypothesis
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Stage 3
Best payment method for preventative care

12. Latent period bias
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

13. Relative risk equation
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

14. Grief sx - timeline
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Elderly - vs Destitute
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

15. Odds ratio equation
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Ad/bc
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

16. Absolute risk reduction equation
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

17. Emancipation of a minor
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

18. MedicarE vs medicaid
=SD/sqrt(n)
Stage 3
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Elderly - vs Destitute

19. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Disease (+ or -)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
1/absolute risk reduction

20. Case-control vs cohort study
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Spouse>children>parents
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

21. Confidence interval confirms H0
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

22. SEM=
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Picking neighbors for controls and such
=SD/sqrt(n)
Elderly - vs Destitute

23. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

24. Depression sleep patterns
=SD/sqrt(n)
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

25. Capitation
Best payment method for preventative care
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Ad/bc

26. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

27. Phases of clinical trials
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

28. Attributable risk equation
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

29. Selection vs sampling bias
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

30. Effect modification
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
1/absolute risk reduction

31. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
1/attributable risk
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

32. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

33. Late-look bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

34. Waves of sleep
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Elderly - vs Destitute

35. Number needed to harm equation
1/absolute risk reduction
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
1/attributable risk

36. Procedure bias

37. Surrogate hierarchy
Spouse>children>parents
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

38. Random vs systematic error
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
1/absolute risk reduction
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

39. 3 yr milestones
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
1/absolute risk reduction
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

40. BMI equation - levels
Spouse>children>parents
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public