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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

2. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

3. Relative risk equation
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Picking neighbors for controls and such
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

4. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

5. Latent period bias
Disease (+ or -)
1/attributable risk
=SD/sqrt(n)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

6. MedicarE vs medicaid
1/attributable risk
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Elderly - vs Destitute

7. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

8. Absolute risk reduction equation
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Elderly - vs Destitute
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

9. Selection vs sampling bias
Spouse>children>parents
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

10. NTs in REM sleep
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Elderly - vs Destitute
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

11. 3 yr milestones
Best payment method for preventative care
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Disease (+ or -)
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

12. Capitation
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Disease (+ or -)
Best payment method for preventative care
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

13. Depression sleep patterns
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Disease (+ or -)
1/absolute risk reduction
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

14. Attributable risk equation
Disease (+ or -)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1/attributable risk

15. Procedure bias

16. Number needed to harm equation
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1/attributable risk
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

17. Positive vs negative skew
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

18. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Disease (+ or -)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

19. Phases of clinical trials
Elderly - vs Destitute
1/absolute risk reduction
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

20. 12 month milestones
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
=SD/sqrt(n)

21. Number needed to treat equation
Best payment method for preventative care
Picking neighbors for controls and such
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1/absolute risk reduction

22. Matching
Picking neighbors for controls and such
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

23. Emancipation of a minor
Picking neighbors for controls and such
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

24. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
1/attributable risk

25. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

26. BMI equation - levels
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

27. Random vs systematic error
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

28. Confidence interval confirms H0
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Spouse>children>parents
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

29. Cross-sectional study
Ad/bc
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Spouse>children>parents
1/attributable risk

30. Case-control vs cohort study
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Ad/bc
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1/absolute risk reduction

31. Waves of sleep
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

32. Late-look bias
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
1/attributable risk
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

33. Effect modification
1/absolute risk reduction
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

34. Reliability=
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

35. Surrogate hierarchy
Spouse>children>parents
Elderly - vs Destitute
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

36. Null vs alternative hypothesis
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

37. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Stage 3

38. Grief sx - timeline
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

39. Odds ratio equation
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Ad/bc
Stage 3
1/absolute risk reduction

40. SEM=
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
=SD/sqrt(n)
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Risk without tx minus risk with tx