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Test your basic knowledge |
Behavioral Science
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cross-sectional study
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
2. Attributable risk equation
Disease (+ or -)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
3. SEM=
Ad/bc
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
=SD/sqrt(n)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
4. Positive vs negative skew
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
5. Reliability=
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Picking neighbors for controls and such
6. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi
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7. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
8. 3 yr milestones
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
=SD/sqrt(n)
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
9. Relative risk equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
=SD/sqrt(n)
Best payment method for preventative care
10. BMI equation - levels
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Disease (+ or -)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
11. Matching
Disease (+ or -)
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
12. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
13. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Disease (+ or -)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
14. Capitation
1/absolute risk reduction
=SD/sqrt(n)
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Best payment method for preventative care
15. Confidence interval confirms H0
Picking neighbors for controls and such
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Elderly - vs Destitute
16. Number needed to harm equation
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
=SD/sqrt(n)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
1/attributable risk
17. Waves of sleep
=SD/sqrt(n)
Best payment method for preventative care
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
18. Depression sleep patterns
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Best payment method for preventative care
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
19. Procedure bias
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20. Null vs alternative hypothesis
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Spouse>children>parents
21. Effect modification
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
22. Case-control vs cohort study
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
=SD/sqrt(n)
23. Late-look bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Elderly - vs Destitute
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
24. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect
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25. Absolute risk reduction equation
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
26. Random vs systematic error
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
27. Odds ratio equation
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Ad/bc
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
28. 12 month milestones
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Stage 3
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
29. Surrogate hierarchy
Spouse>children>parents
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
30. Selection vs sampling bias
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
31. Phases of clinical trials
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Stage 3
32. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)
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33. Latent period bias
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
34. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Spouse>children>parents
1/absolute risk reduction
35. Number needed to treat equation
1/absolute risk reduction
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
36. Emancipation of a minor
1/attributable risk
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
1/absolute risk reduction
37. MedicarE vs medicaid
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Elderly - vs Destitute
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
38. NTs in REM sleep
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
39. Grief sx - timeline
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
1/attributable risk
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
40. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Stage 3
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
=SD/sqrt(n)
Spouse>children>parents