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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Capitation
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1/attributable risk
Best payment method for preventative care
Elderly - vs Destitute

2. Null vs alternative hypothesis
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

3. Depression sleep patterns
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
=SD/sqrt(n)

4. Relative risk equation
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Stage 3
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

5. SEM=
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
=SD/sqrt(n)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

6. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

7. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

8. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
=SD/sqrt(n)

9. Number needed to harm equation
1/absolute risk reduction
Best payment method for preventative care
Stage 3
1/attributable risk

10. Positive vs negative skew
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Ad/bc

11. Absolute risk reduction equation
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
1/attributable risk
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

12. Attributable risk equation
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

13. Odds ratio equation
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Ad/bc

14. Late-look bias
1/absolute risk reduction
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

15. Emancipation of a minor
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

16. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Stage 3
1/absolute risk reduction

17. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

18. Reliability=
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

19. Cross-sectional study
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
1/absolute risk reduction
1/attributable risk

20. Latent period bias
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1/attributable risk
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

21. NTs in REM sleep
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

22. 3 yr milestones
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
1/attributable risk
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

23. MedicarE vs medicaid
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Elderly - vs Destitute

24. Surrogate hierarchy
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Spouse>children>parents

25. Case-control vs cohort study
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

26. Phases of clinical trials
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

27. Number needed to treat equation
1/absolute risk reduction
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Picking neighbors for controls and such

28. Waves of sleep
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Spouse>children>parents

29. 12 month milestones
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

30. Random vs systematic error
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Ad/bc
=SD/sqrt(n)

31. Grief sx - timeline
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
=SD/sqrt(n)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

32. Procedure bias

33. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Disease (+ or -)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

34. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Stage 3

35. Confidence interval confirms H0
Elderly - vs Destitute
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

36. Effect modification
Best payment method for preventative care
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

37. Selection vs sampling bias
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

38. Matching
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

39. Confidence interval equation (95%)
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

40. BMI equation - levels
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese