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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Phases of clinical trials
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

2. Grief sx - timeline
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Picking neighbors for controls and such

3. Confidence interval confirms H0
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

4. Case-control vs cohort study
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

5. Selection vs sampling bias
1/absolute risk reduction
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

6. Confidence interval equation (95%)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
1/absolute risk reduction
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Spouse>children>parents

7. Relative risk equation
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

8. Reliability=
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Spouse>children>parents
Disease (+ or -)

9. Waves of sleep
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Stage 3
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

10. 3 yr milestones
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

11. Effect modification
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
1/attributable risk

12. Absolute risk reduction equation
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Stage 3

13. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

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14. Capitation
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Ad/bc
Best payment method for preventative care
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

15. Emancipation of a minor
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

16. Latent period bias
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

17. Surrogate hierarchy
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Spouse>children>parents
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

18. Matching
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Ad/bc
Picking neighbors for controls and such
=SD/sqrt(n)

19. Number needed to harm equation
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
1/attributable risk
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

20. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

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21. Cross-sectional study
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

22. Late-look bias
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

23. NTs in REM sleep
Stage 3
Spouse>children>parents
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

24. 12 month milestones
Spouse>children>parents
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

25. BMI equation - levels
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
1/absolute risk reduction
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

26. Random vs systematic error
Elderly - vs Destitute
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

27. Attributable risk equation
1/absolute risk reduction
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

28. SEM=
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Ad/bc
=SD/sqrt(n)
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

29. Number needed to treat equation
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
1/absolute risk reduction
Spouse>children>parents
Picking neighbors for controls and such

30. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Stage 3

31. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

32. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

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33. Positive vs negative skew
Disease (+ or -)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

34. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
1/attributable risk
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

35. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Disease (+ or -)
1/attributable risk
Picking neighbors for controls and such

36. Procedure bias

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37. Depression sleep patterns
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Elderly - vs Destitute
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

38. MedicarE vs medicaid
Elderly - vs Destitute
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Best payment method for preventative care
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

39. Odds ratio equation
Ad/bc
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

40. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Elderly - vs Destitute
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Risk without tx minus risk with tx