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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Odds ratio equation
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1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Ad/bc
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

2. Number needed to treat equation
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
1/absolute risk reduction
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

3. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

4. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

5. 3 yr milestones
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
1/absolute risk reduction

6. Depression sleep patterns
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
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Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Picking neighbors for controls and such

7. Latent period bias
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

8. Positive vs negative skew
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Disease (+ or -)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
1/absolute risk reduction

9. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

10. BMI equation - levels
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Picking neighbors for controls and such
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

11. Cross-sectional study
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

12. Procedure bias

13. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Ad/bc
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

14. NTs in REM sleep
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

15. Effect modification
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

16. Capitation
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Elderly - vs Destitute
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

17. SEM=
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
=SD/sqrt(n)

18. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

19. 12 month milestones
1/absolute risk reduction
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Elderly - vs Destitute
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

20. Attributable risk equation
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Elderly - vs Destitute
Picking neighbors for controls and such
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

21. Random vs systematic error
Stage 3
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

22. MedicarE vs medicaid
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Elderly - vs Destitute
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

23. Case-control vs cohort study
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

24. Phases of clinical trials
Stage 3
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Disease (+ or -)

25. Reliability=
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

26. Relative risk equation
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

27. Absolute risk reduction equation
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Elderly - vs Destitute
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

28. Waves of sleep
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
=SD/sqrt(n)

29. Late-look bias
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

30. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Disease (+ or -)

31. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

32. Matching
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Picking neighbors for controls and such

33. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
=SD/sqrt(n)

34. Surrogate hierarchy
Spouse>children>parents
Stage 3
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

35. Selection vs sampling bias
Ad/bc
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Elderly - vs Destitute
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

36. Grief sx - timeline
Ad/bc
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Elderly - vs Destitute

37. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Stage 3
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

38. Confidence interval confirms H0
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

39. Emancipation of a minor
Ad/bc
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

40. Number needed to harm equation
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1/attributable risk
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association