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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Number needed to harm equation
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Stage 3
1/attributable risk

2. Surrogate hierarchy
Elderly - vs Destitute
Spouse>children>parents
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

3. 3 yr milestones
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
=SD/sqrt(n)
Ad/bc

4. Positive vs negative skew
1/absolute risk reduction
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

5. Procedure bias

6. Grief sx - timeline
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
1/absolute risk reduction
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

7. Phases of clinical trials
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
=SD/sqrt(n)
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

8. Case-control vs cohort study
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

9. Confidence interval confirms H0
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Ad/bc
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

10. Emancipation of a minor
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

11. NTs in REM sleep
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

12. Matching
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Picking neighbors for controls and such
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

13. Number needed to treat equation
1/absolute risk reduction
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

14. Odds ratio equation
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Best payment method for preventative care
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Ad/bc

15. BMI equation - levels
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1/attributable risk
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

16. MedicarE vs medicaid
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Elderly - vs Destitute

17. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Disease (+ or -)
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

18. 12 month milestones
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1/attributable risk

19. Capitation
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Best payment method for preventative care
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Picking neighbors for controls and such

20. Waves of sleep
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
=SD/sqrt(n)

21. SEM=
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Ad/bc
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
=SD/sqrt(n)

22. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Stage 3
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Disease (+ or -)
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

23. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Ad/bc
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

24. Absolute risk reduction equation
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Spouse>children>parents

25. Relative risk equation
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

26. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

27. Effect modification
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

28. Depression sleep patterns
1/absolute risk reduction
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1/attributable risk

29. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
Elderly - vs Destitute
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Ad/bc

30. Random vs systematic error
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Elderly - vs Destitute
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Best payment method for preventative care

31. Cross-sectional study
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Ad/bc

32. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

33. Selection vs sampling bias
1/attributable risk
Elderly - vs Destitute
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Ad/bc

34. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Best payment method for preventative care
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

35. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

36. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Disease (+ or -)

37. Attributable risk equation
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

38. Latent period bias
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
1/attributable risk

39. Late-look bias
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Stage 3
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

40. Reliability=
=SD/sqrt(n)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Stage 3
Precision - Consistent and reproducible