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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

2. Selection vs sampling bias
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Stage 3
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

3. Positive vs negative skew
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

4. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

5. Capitation
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Best payment method for preventative care
=SD/sqrt(n)

6. Late-look bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Ad/bc
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

7. Depression sleep patterns
Best payment method for preventative care
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Ad/bc
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

8. 12 month milestones
Best payment method for preventative care
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Picking neighbors for controls and such
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

9. Latent period bias
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
1/attributable risk

10. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Disease (+ or -)
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Picking neighbors for controls and such
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

11. Reliability=
Elderly - vs Destitute
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

12. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Disease (+ or -)
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

13. Number needed to harm equation
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
1/attributable risk
1/absolute risk reduction
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

14. Odds ratio equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Ad/bc
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1/attributable risk

15. Confidence interval confirms H0
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

16. Effect modification
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Stage 3
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

17. Phases of clinical trials
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

18. Random vs systematic error
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

19. Procedure bias

20. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Spouse>children>parents
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

21. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

22. Waves of sleep
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

23. NTs in REM sleep
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

24. MedicarE vs medicaid
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Elderly - vs Destitute
Picking neighbors for controls and such

25. Absolute risk reduction equation
Best payment method for preventative care
Ad/bc
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Stage 3

26. Grief sx - timeline
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

27. Relative risk equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Best payment method for preventative care
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Stage 3

28. Cross-sectional study
=SD/sqrt(n)
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

29. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Stage 3
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Spouse>children>parents
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

30. 3 yr milestones
=SD/sqrt(n)
Stage 3
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

31. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

32. Case-control vs cohort study
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

33. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

34. Emancipation of a minor
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

35. BMI equation - levels
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association

36. SEM=
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
=SD/sqrt(n)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

37. Attributable risk equation
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

38. Surrogate hierarchy
Spouse>children>parents
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Ad/bc

39. Number needed to treat equation
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
1/absolute risk reduction
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

40. Matching
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Picking neighbors for controls and such
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal