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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

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2. Matching
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Picking neighbors for controls and such
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

3. Odds ratio equation
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Ad/bc

4. Phases of clinical trials
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1/attributable risk
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

5. Number needed to harm equation
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
1/attributable risk
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

6. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Stage 3
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

7. Cross-sectional study
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

8. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

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9. SEM=
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
=SD/sqrt(n)

10. Selection vs sampling bias
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
=SD/sqrt(n)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

11. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

12. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

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13. Reliability=
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

14. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Disease (+ or -)

15. Capitation
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Disease (+ or -)
Best payment method for preventative care

16. Waves of sleep
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

17. Grief sx - timeline
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

18. Latent period bias
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Stage 3
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
1/absolute risk reduction

19. Procedure bias

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20. Confidence interval confirms H0
1/absolute risk reduction
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

21. Absolute risk reduction equation
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Elderly - vs Destitute
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Ad/bc

22. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Elderly - vs Destitute
Stage 3

23. Relative risk equation
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

24. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Best payment method for preventative care
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

25. 3 yr milestones
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Best payment method for preventative care

26. BMI equation - levels
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

27. Positive vs negative skew
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

28. Attributable risk equation
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

29. Surrogate hierarchy
Stage 3
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Spouse>children>parents

30. Number needed to treat equation
Disease (+ or -)
1/absolute risk reduction
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Spouse>children>parents

31. Depression sleep patterns
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Best payment method for preventative care
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

32. Null vs alternative hypothesis
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Stage 3
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1/absolute risk reduction

33. Case-control vs cohort study
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

34. Effect modification
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

35. Emancipation of a minor
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

36. NTs in REM sleep
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

37. MedicarE vs medicaid
1/attributable risk
Stage 3
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Elderly - vs Destitute

38. 12 month milestones
Stage 3
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

39. Random vs systematic error
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Spouse>children>parents
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

40. Late-look bias
Disease (+ or -)
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)