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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

2. Procedure bias

3. Odds ratio equation
Ad/bc
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

4. Surrogate hierarchy
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Spouse>children>parents

5. Reliability=
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

6. Case-control vs cohort study
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

7. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Elderly - vs Destitute
Stage 3
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

8. Phases of clinical trials
Ad/bc
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
1/attributable risk
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

9. Confidence interval confirms H0
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

10. Selection vs sampling bias
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
1/attributable risk
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

11. MedicarE vs medicaid
Elderly - vs Destitute
1/absolute risk reduction
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Stage 3

12. Number needed to treat equation
1/absolute risk reduction
1/attributable risk
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Spouse>children>parents

13. 12 month milestones
Elderly - vs Destitute
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

14. Positive vs negative skew
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

15. Late-look bias
=SD/sqrt(n)
Stage 3
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

16. SEM=
=SD/sqrt(n)
Ad/bc
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

17. Depression sleep patterns
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
=SD/sqrt(n)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

18. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

19. Random vs systematic error
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Disease (+ or -)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

20. Grief sx - timeline
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Picking neighbors for controls and such

21. NTs in REM sleep
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Best payment method for preventative care
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

22. Relative risk equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
=SD/sqrt(n)
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

23. Matching
Ad/bc
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Disease (+ or -)
Elderly - vs Destitute

24. Latent period bias
1/attributable risk
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

25. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Ad/bc
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

26. Emancipation of a minor
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

27. Number needed to harm equation
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Stage 3
1/attributable risk

28. Waves of sleep
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

29. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

30. Null vs alternative hypothesis
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

31. Capitation
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Best payment method for preventative care
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

32. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

33. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

34. Absolute risk reduction equation
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
1/absolute risk reduction
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

35. BMI equation - levels
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Elderly - vs Destitute
Spouse>children>parents
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

36. Cross-sectional study
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

37. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
=SD/sqrt(n)
Disease (+ or -)
Stage 3

38. Effect modification
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

39. Attributable risk equation
1/absolute risk reduction
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

40. 3 yr milestones
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Spouse>children>parents