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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Number needed to treat equation
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
1/absolute risk reduction
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

2. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Stage 3
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
=SD/sqrt(n)

3. Reliability=
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Ad/bc

4. Positive vs negative skew
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Elderly - vs Destitute
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

5. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Best payment method for preventative care
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Disease (+ or -)

6. Emancipation of a minor
Ad/bc
Elderly - vs Destitute
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

7. Phases of clinical trials
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Best payment method for preventative care
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Disease (+ or -)

8. Absolute risk reduction equation
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

9. Effect modification
Stage 3
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

10. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

11. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

12. Case-control vs cohort study
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

13. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Best payment method for preventative care
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

14. Capitation
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Best payment method for preventative care
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

15. Depression sleep patterns
Disease (+ or -)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

16. Random vs systematic error
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Disease (+ or -)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

17. Procedure bias

18. NTs in REM sleep
Best payment method for preventative care
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

19. Null vs alternative hypothesis
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Stage 3
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

20. 12 month milestones
Best payment method for preventative care
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Picking neighbors for controls and such

21. Late-look bias
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

22. MedicarE vs medicaid
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Elderly - vs Destitute
Best payment method for preventative care
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

23. Odds ratio equation
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Ad/bc

24. Number needed to harm equation
1/attributable risk
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

25. Attributable risk equation
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

26. 3 yr milestones
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Ad/bc
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

27. Relative risk equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Ad/bc
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

28. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

29. Matching
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

30. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

31. Selection vs sampling bias
Picking neighbors for controls and such
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

32. Grief sx - timeline
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

33. Cross-sectional study
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
=SD/sqrt(n)

34. BMI equation - levels
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
=SD/sqrt(n)
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

35. Confidence interval confirms H0
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Disease (+ or -)
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

36. Waves of sleep
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

37. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy

38. Latent period bias
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Stage 3

39. SEM=
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
=SD/sqrt(n)
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Stage 3

40. Surrogate hierarchy
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Spouse>children>parents
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces