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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Reliability=
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

2. Capitation
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Best payment method for preventative care
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Spouse>children>parents

3. 12 month milestones
Disease (+ or -)
Best payment method for preventative care
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
1/attributable risk

4. Confidence interval equation (95%)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Ad/bc
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

5. Positive vs negative skew
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Elderly - vs Destitute

6. Absolute risk reduction equation
1/absolute risk reduction
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

7. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Best payment method for preventative care
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Stage 3

8. Case-control vs cohort study
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Stage 3
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

9. Grief sx - timeline
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

10. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi
1/absolute risk reduction
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

11. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Elderly - vs Destitute
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Disease (+ or -)

12. MedicarE vs medicaid
Disease (+ or -)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Elderly - vs Destitute

13. Confidence interval confirms H0
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Elderly - vs Destitute

14. Matching
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

15. Random vs systematic error
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

16. BMI equation - levels
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Spouse>children>parents
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

17. Latent period bias
Stage 3
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

18. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

19. SEM=
=SD/sqrt(n)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

20. Attributable risk equation
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

21. Phases of clinical trials
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

22. Selection vs sampling bias
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

23. Number needed to harm equation
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1/attributable risk
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

24. Cross-sectional study
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

25. Effect modification
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

26. Procedure bias
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
1/absolute risk reduction
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM

27. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

28. Waves of sleep
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)

29. Emancipation of a minor
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
1/absolute risk reduction

30. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Best payment method for preventative care
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

31. Relative risk equation
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Best payment method for preventative care

32. Surrogate hierarchy
Spouse>children>parents
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)

33. Late-look bias
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

34. 3 yr milestones
Disease (+ or -)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

35. Odds ratio equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Ad/bc
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says

36. NTs in REM sleep
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Spouse>children>parents
1/attributable risk

37. Depression sleep patterns
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

38. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

39. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
=SD/sqrt(n)

40. Number needed to treat equation
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
1/absolute risk reduction
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

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