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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Number needed to harm equation
1/attributable risk
=SD/sqrt(n)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Picking neighbors for controls and such

2. Selection vs sampling bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

3. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

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4. Emancipation of a minor
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs

5. Grief sx - timeline
Picking neighbors for controls and such
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Best payment method for preventative care
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means

6. Attributable risk equation
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Ad/bc

7. Waves of sleep
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
=SD/sqrt(n)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Picking neighbors for controls and such

8. Absolute risk reduction equation
=SD/sqrt(n)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

9. Random vs systematic error
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational

10. Late-look bias
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
1/attributable risk
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

11. Surrogate hierarchy
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Disease (+ or -)
Spouse>children>parents
=SD/sqrt(n)

12. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Disease (+ or -)
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

13. Reliability=
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Disease (+ or -)

14. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Stage 3
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

15. SEM=
=SD/sqrt(n)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta

16. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

17. Cross-sectional study
Elderly - vs Destitute
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

18. 3 yr milestones
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

19. Capitation
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Best payment method for preventative care
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Stage 3

20. Case-control vs cohort study
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
=SD/sqrt(n)

21. Number needed to treat equation
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1/absolute risk reduction
Picking neighbors for controls and such

22. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Ad/bc
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

23. BMI equation - levels
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Stage 3
Those in different groups aren't treated the same

24. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

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25. NTs in REM sleep
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Ad/bc

26. Procedure bias

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27. 12 month milestones
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

28. MedicarE vs medicaid
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Elderly - vs Destitute

29. Positive vs negative skew
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Spouse>children>parents

30. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Picking neighbors for controls and such
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

31. Matching
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Elderly - vs Destitute
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Picking neighbors for controls and such

32. Phases of clinical trials
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

33. Odds ratio equation
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Ad/bc
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

34. Latent period bias
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Disease (+ or -)

35. Depression sleep patterns
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Disease (+ or -)
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings

36. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

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37. Confidence interval confirms H0
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

38. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

39. Effect modification
Elderly - vs Destitute
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)

40. Relative risk equation
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]