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Test your basic knowledge |
Behavioral Science
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Selection vs sampling bias
1/attributable risk
1/absolute risk reduction
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
2. Phases of clinical trials
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
3. Effect modification
1/absolute risk reduction
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
4. Random vs systematic error
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
=SD/sqrt(n)
5. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
6. BMI equation - levels
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
7. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi
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8. NTs in REM sleep
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
=SD/sqrt(n)
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
9. Procedure bias
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10. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Stage 3
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
11. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)
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12. Surrogate hierarchy
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Spouse>children>parents
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
13. Depression sleep patterns
Elderly - vs Destitute
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
14. Waves of sleep
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Disease (+ or -)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
=SD/sqrt(n)
15. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
16. SEM=
Disease (+ or -)
1/absolute risk reduction
=SD/sqrt(n)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
17. MedicarE vs medicaid
Elderly - vs Destitute
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Best payment method for preventative care
18. Absolute risk reduction equation
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Elderly - vs Destitute
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
19. Confidence interval confirms H0
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Spouse>children>parents
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
20. Emancipation of a minor
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Best payment method for preventative care
21. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect
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22. Cross-sectional study
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
23. Odds ratio equation
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Ad/bc
Best payment method for preventative care
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
24. Number needed to treat equation
Stage 3
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
1/absolute risk reduction
25. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Disease (+ or -)
26. Latent period bias
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
27. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
1/attributable risk
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Disease (+ or -)
28. Confidence interval equation (95%)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
=SD/sqrt(n)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
29. Positive vs negative skew
Disease (+ or -)
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
30. Reliability=
1/attributable risk
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
31. Grief sx - timeline
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
32. Matching
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
1/absolute risk reduction
Ad/bc
Picking neighbors for controls and such
33. Late-look bias
1/attributable risk
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Elderly - vs Destitute
34. Attributable risk equation
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
35. 3 yr milestones
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
36. Number needed to harm equation
1/attributable risk
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
37. Relative risk equation
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
38. Capitation
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Best payment method for preventative care
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
39. 12 month milestones
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
40. Case-control vs cohort study
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
=SD/sqrt(n)
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public