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Test your basic knowledge |
Behavioral Science
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Stage 3
1/absolute risk reduction
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
2. NTs in REM sleep
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
3. Surrogate hierarchy
Ad/bc
1/attributable risk
Spouse>children>parents
Best payment method for preventative care
4. Effect modification
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Disease (+ or -)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
5. Absolute risk reduction equation
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Stage 3
6. 12 month milestones
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
7. Depression sleep patterns
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
8. Reliability=
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
9. Relative risk equation
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
=SD/sqrt(n)
10. SEM=
=SD/sqrt(n)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
11. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect
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12. Number needed to treat equation
1/absolute risk reduction
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
13. Attributable risk equation
Disease (+ or -)
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Spouse>children>parents
14. Emancipation of a minor
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
=SD/sqrt(n)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
15. Case-control vs cohort study
Picking neighbors for controls and such
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
16. Phases of clinical trials
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
17. Number needed to harm equation
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
1/attributable risk
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
18. Confidence interval confirms H0
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
19. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
1/attributable risk
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
20. 3 yr milestones
1/absolute risk reduction
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
21. Latent period bias
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
22. Matching
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Picking neighbors for controls and such
=SD/sqrt(n)
1/absolute risk reduction
23. BMI equation - levels
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
1/absolute risk reduction
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
24. Cross-sectional study
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Best payment method for preventative care
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
25. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
26. Late-look bias
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Ad/bc
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
27. Capitation
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Best payment method for preventative care
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
28. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
29. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi
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30. MedicarE vs medicaid
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Elderly - vs Destitute
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Picking neighbors for controls and such
31. Random vs systematic error
Disease (+ or -)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
32. Odds ratio equation
Stage 3
Best payment method for preventative care
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Ad/bc
33. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Disease (+ or -)
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
34. Selection vs sampling bias
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
35. Waves of sleep
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Best payment method for preventative care
36. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Disease (+ or -)
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Stage 3
37. Procedure bias
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38. Positive vs negative skew
1/absolute risk reduction
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
39. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)
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40. Grief sx - timeline
Ad/bc
Picking neighbors for controls and such
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
Stage 3