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Test your basic knowledge |
Behavioral Science
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Number needed to treat equation
Best payment method for preventative care
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
1/attributable risk
1/absolute risk reduction
2. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)
3. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Elderly - vs Destitute
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Disease (+ or -)
4. Procedure bias
5. Confidence interval equation (95%)
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
6. Case-control vs cohort study
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
7. Depression sleep patterns
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
8. Emancipation of a minor
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Best payment method for preventative care
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
9. Attributable risk equation
Ad/bc
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
Elderly - vs Destitute
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
10. MedicarE vs medicaid
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
=SD/sqrt(n)
Elderly - vs Destitute
11. NTs in REM sleep
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Elderly - vs Destitute
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
12. Random vs systematic error
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Disease (+ or -)
Ad/bc
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
13. Grief sx - timeline
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
14. Null vs alternative hypothesis
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
15. Reliability=
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Stage 3
16. Odds ratio equation
Best payment method for preventative care
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Ad/bc
17. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi
18. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
19. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Stage 3
20. Relative risk equation
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
21. Selection vs sampling bias
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
22. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
=SD/sqrt(n)
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Picking neighbors for controls and such
23. Cross-sectional study
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
1/absolute risk reduction
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]
24. Matching
Picking neighbors for controls and such
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Elderly - vs Destitute
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
25. Number needed to harm equation
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
1/attributable risk
26. Effect modification
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
1/absolute risk reduction
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
27. Late-look bias
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
28. Absolute risk reduction equation
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Spouse>children>parents
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
29. Confidence interval confirms H0
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
30. Positive vs negative skew
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
31. Waves of sleep
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Disease (+ or -)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
32. Latent period bias
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
=SD/sqrt(n)
33. 3 yr milestones
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Best payment method for preventative care
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
34. BMI equation - levels
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Elderly - vs Destitute
35. SEM=
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
=SD/sqrt(n)
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
36. Capitation
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode
Best payment method for preventative care
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
37. Surrogate hierarchy
Spouse>children>parents
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Stage 3
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
38. 12 month milestones
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Ad/bc
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
39. Phases of clinical trials
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
=SD/sqrt(n)
Picking neighbors for controls and such
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
40. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect