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Behavioral Science

Instructions:

Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Waves of sleep
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Picking neighbors for controls and such

2. Number needed to treat equation
Disease (+ or -)
Best payment method for preventative care
1/absolute risk reduction
Spouse>children>parents

3. 3 yr milestones
Stage 3
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

4. Latent period bias
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

5. Relative risk equation
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Elderly - vs Destitute
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]

6. Random vs systematic error
1/attributable risk
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Reduces precision vs reduces accuracy
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias

7. Case-control vs cohort study
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

8. NTs in REM sleep
ACh increases it - NE reduces REM
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
1/attributable risk
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

9. Odds ratio equation
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Ad/bc
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Risk without tx minus risk with tx

10. Selection vs sampling bias
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Picking neighbors for controls and such

11. Attributable risk equation
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
1/attributable risk
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
[a/(a+c)] - [c/(c+d)]

12. t-test vs ANOVA vs chi

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13. 1st vs 2nd tests in determining a patient having dz
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Elderly - vs Destitute
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

14. Surrogate hierarchy
Elderly - vs Destitute
Spouse>children>parents
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Ad/bc

15. P value vs power (1-beta) determine them - Power
1/absolute risk reduction
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
1-beta - Probability of finding the difference when there is one (aka not getting Type II error)
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

16. Where does most abnl actions in sleep occur?
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Stage 3
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences

17. Positive vs negative skew
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

18. Null vs alternative hypothesis
H0 vs H1 - There is no association vs there is an association
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Precision - Consistent and reproducible

19. Procedure bias

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20. BMI equation - levels
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

21. Grief sx - timeline
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
5 steps - hallucinations - delusions - >2 months is abnormal

22. MedicarE vs medicaid
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Elderly - vs Destitute

23. Matching
Picking neighbors for controls and such
Best payment method for preventative care
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Disease (+ or -)

24. 12 month milestones
Spouse>children>parents
Walking - separation anxiety - understand 25% of what he says
Mean +/- 2(SEM)
1/absolute risk reduction

25. For the 2x2 - always put ? on top
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Disease (+ or -)
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public

26. Cross-sectional study
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Kg/m^2 - <18.5=underweight - 18.5-25=good - 25-30=overweight - 30-40=obese - 40+=morbidly obese

27. Phases of clinical trials
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Nonrandom assignment to study group - vs - Subjects not a good representation of the public
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces

28. Late-look bias
Stage 3
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Hump moves left vs right - Mean>median>mode vs Mean<median<mode

29. Pygmalian vs Hawthorne effect

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30. Depression sleep patterns
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
Increased REM - Faster entrance to REM - Repeated awakenings
Need a certain amount of time before the result surfaces
Researches belief in the outcome effects the outcome - vs Subjects realize they're being studied so they change their behavior

31. Absolute risk reduction equation
1/attributable risk
Risk without tx minus risk with tx
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

32. Confidence interval equation (95%)
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Mean +/- 2(SEM)

33. Number needed to harm equation
1/attributable risk
Stage 3
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Alpha vs beta - FP vs FN - There is a difference when there really isn't vs There isn't a difference when there really is

34. Effect modification
Those in different groups aren't treated the same
Ad/bc
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

35. Reliability=
1st-Rule out. High sensitivity (SNOUT) - 2nd-Rule in. High specificity (SPIN)
1/attributable risk
Precision - Consistent and reproducible
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs

36. Confidence interval confirms H0
Best payment method for preventative care
Info gathered at a bad time - Ex. Survey of fatal dz (only those alive answer)
Feeds self - tricycle - gender identity - toilet trained - sentences
If odds ratio or relative risk cross 1 - If two groups overlap

37. Capitation
Take people who have a dz - see what RFs there were vs take people with RFs - see if they develop a dz - Odds ratio vs relative risk - Retrospective vs observational
[a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Best payment method for preventative care
Picking neighbors for controls and such

38. Type I vs Type II error (including how you decrease the probability of getting them)

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39. SEM=
You catch the confounding error. Not a bias
=SD/sqrt(n)
1-Assess toxicity - safety. Healthy volunteers - 2-Assess dosing - SEs - 3-Huge number of people to compare it to the current standard of care - 4-Long term SEs
Take data from everyone to get info like prevalence - risks - etc.

40. Emancipation of a minor
Difference between 2 means - vs - Difference between 3+ means - vs - Difference between things that aren't means
Stage 3
Marriage - Self-supporting - Has children - Military - Emergencies - OCPs - STDs - pregnancy - drugs
Awake=beta - Stage 1=theta - Stage 2=spindles - K complexes - Stage 3=delta (widest with tallest amplitudes) - Stage 4/REM=beta