Test your basic knowledge |

Biochemistry

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does osteogenesis imperfecta causes and why
Deamination
Brittle bone disease - most commonly lead AD with abnl type I collagen causing multiple fractures with minimal trauma - blue sclerae due to translucency of connective tissue over the choroid - hearing loss - dental imperfections due to lack of dentin
RRNA
Polycystic liver disease - berry aneurysm - mitral valve prolapse

2. What does lipoprotein lipase do
Phenylethamolamine N methyl transferase
Binds 50S - blocking translocation
N- acteylcysteine - cleave disulfide bonds within mucus glycoproteins
Degredation of TG circulating in chylomicrons and VLDLs

3. What polar group does guanine have - and what non polar group does thymine have
Marasmus - muscle wasting
Ketone - methyl
No
Coenzyme A - lipoamide

4. What causes maple syrup urine disease and What does it lead to...
Dec in alpha ketoacid dehydrogenas leading to blocked degredation of branches amino acids like Ile - Leu - and Val - severe CNS defects mental retardation and death
Miscarriage - stillbirth - chromosomal imbalance (down - patau)
Nine
African Americans and Asians

5. What is the RDE of glycogen synthesis
Hartnup disease - dec tryptophan absoprtion - malignant carcinoid syndrome (inc tryptopha metabolism) and INH (dec vit B6)
Fatty acid oxidation - acetyl - Coa production - TCA cycle - OXPHOS
Glycogen synthase
After day 1

6. What is the breakdown product of epi
Accelearted muscle breakdown
Covalent cross - linking by lysyl oxidase to make collagen fibrils
Read from a fixed starting point as a continuous sequence of bases
Metanephrine

7. What does the golgi do to sugars in proteoglycans and of selected tyrosine on proteins
Inc glucagon - inc cAMP - inc PKA
Sulfation
Neural tube
Niacin - constituent of NAD and NADP - derived from tryptophan

8. What 3 steps in RNA processing occur after transcription

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

9. What does beta oxidation do and Where does it occur
Common metabolites like pyruvate and acetyl CoA and excess NH4+ converted to urea and exreted
Covalent cross - linking by lysyl oxidase to make collagen fibrils
Breaks down acyl - coa to acetyl coa groups in mito
Initial is heterogenous nuclear RNA - the capped and tailed is called mRNA

10. Where is glucose 6 phosphatase found and What does it do
Removes phosphate group from substrate
In ER - glucose 6- P to glucose
Genetic code is conserved throughout evolution - except for mito - archaebacteria - mycoplasma - and some yeast
Convulsions - hyperirritability - peripheral neuropathy - deficiency inducible by INH and oral contraceptives - sideroblastic anemais

11. How many ATP are created by aerobic metobolism of glucose in muslce via what shuttle
Lack of tyrosinase (no melanin) AR ordefective tyrosine transporters (less tyrosine) - can results in lack of migration of NC cells
Met - val - arg his
MRNA
30 - glycerol -3- phosphate shuttle

12. How many ATP are produced by anearobic glycolysis per molecule of glucose
Poly A polymerase - signal is AAUAA
Two
NAD+
IMP precursor

13. Which type of chromatin is condensed - transcriptionally inactive - sterically inaccessible?
Liver hepatocytes and steroid producing cells of the adrenal cortex
Heterochromatin = HighlyCondensed
Dec methionine - inc cystiene - inc B12/folate
Core proteins

14. What are bite cells and when do you see them
Catalase positive (catalase neg produce H2O2 the cell can use) like S. aureus or aspergillus
Degredation of TG circulating in chylomicrons and VLDLs
Result from phagocytic removal of heinz bodies my macs - G6PD def
FMR1 gene - methylation - associated with chromosomal breakage

15. Of the four possible fates for pyruvate - which one carries amino groups to liver from muscle
Dec DNA - dec lymphos leads to SCID
Alanine
III - joint dislocation - anuerysms - organ rupture
Glycolysis and aerobic respiration

16. How many ATP are created by aerobic metabolism of glucose in the heart and liver via what shuttle
32 - malate aspartate shuttle
Von hippel lindau - 3
Autosomal recessive diseases
Procollagen - triple helix of 3 alpha collagen chains

17. caf
Adds 2 carbon with the help of biotin
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausens disease)
DNA
Homocystein in ruine - mental retardation - osteoporosis - tall stature - kyphosis - lens subluxation and atherosclerosis leading to stroke and MI - cysteine

18. What is the order of severity for the different types of mutations
Palate - facial and cardiac defects
Glutamine PRPP amidotransferase
Heme synthesis - urea cycle and gluconeogenesis - HUGs take two
Nonsense > missense > silent

19. What metabolic rxns occur in the cytoplasm
9+2 arrangement of microtubules
Glycolysis - fatty acid synthesis - HMP shunt - protein synthesis (RER) - steroid synthesis (SER)
Alpha1 antitrypsin
Huntingtons

20. How is Lesch Neyhan inherited
Backup of substrate (pyruvate and alanine) resulting in lactic acidosis - congenital or acquired from thiamine def in EtOH - neuro defects
X- linked recessive
Acetyl - CoA
Hypercalciuria - loss of appetite - stupor - seen in sarcoidosis from activation fo vit D by epithelioid macrophage

21. What is the results of vit B1 def
Impaired glucose breakdown leading to ATP depletion; highly affected aerobic tissues like brain and heart affected first
Regulatory proteins that control cell cycle events; phase specific; activate CDKs
Protein kinase A
Plasma membrane - 3Na out - 2K in - ATP on cytoplasmic side

22. Mild Hurlurs + aggressive behavior no corneal clouding
B(1 - 2 - 3 - 5 - 6 - 12) C - biotin and folate (B12 and folate are stored)
Hunters - iduronate sulfatase - heparan sulfate/dermatan sulfate - XR
Covalent cross - linking by lysyl oxidase to make collagen fibrils
Abnormal protein folding - degradation before reaching cell surface

23. bilateral acoustic schwannomas - juvenile cataracts
NF2 on chromosome 22
N to C
Impaired glucose breakdown leading to ATP depletion; highly affected aerobic tissues like brain and heart affected first
Hypoglycemia

24. What are the findings in PKU
EtOH dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
3' end (with CCA)
Dermatitis - alopecia - enteritis
Mental retardation - growth retardation - seizures - fair skin - eczema - musty body odor

25. Accurate base pairing is required only in the first two nucleotide positions of an mRNA codon - so conds differeing in the 3rd position may code for the same tRNA/AA due to degenerate genetic code
Fibroblast
They yield only acetyl - CoA equivalents
Comlex II
Wobble

26. What is NAD+ generally used for
Catabolic processes to carry reducing equivalents away as NADH
FISH
Post to neg
P+q = 1

27. What is imprinting and give an example

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

28. What is the exception to genetic redundancy
Methionine encode by only 1 codon (AUG)
Not all individuals with a mutant genotype show the mutant phenotype
Heme synthesis - urea cycle and gluconeogenesis - HUGs take two
Krabbes - galactocerebrosidase - galactocerebroside - AR

29. What are the water soluble vitamins - which ones are stored
Wrinkles and acne
Dec in alpha ketoacid dehydrogenas leading to blocked degredation of branches amino acids like Ile - Leu - and Val - severe CNS defects mental retardation and death
B(1 - 2 - 3 - 5 - 6 - 12) C - biotin and folate (B12 and folate are stored)
EtOH dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

30. How is ATP used by the cell
Type II
Inability to transport LCFAs into mitochondria results in toxic accumulation causing weakness - hypotonia - hyperketotic hyperglycemia
ATP hyrdolysis couple to energetically unfavorable rxns
Inc fragility of RBC - hemolytic anemia - muscle weakness - posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination

31. What activates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
ATP and alanine
Tropoelastin with fibrillin scafolding
Exercise: inc NAD/NADH - inc ADP - inc Ca
Inc intestinal absorption fo calcium and phosphate - inc bone resorption

32. Formed and degradation of VLDL - delivers TGs and cholesterol to liver where they are degraded to LDL
RER
IDL
MEN - 2A and 2B with ret gene
Retardation - self mutilation - aggression - hyperuricemia - gout - choreoathetosis

33. What is the RDE of the urea cycle
Huntingtons
Carbomoyl phosphate synthetase I
Pyroxidine - converted to pyroxidine phosphate a cofactor used in transamination - decarboxylation - glycogen phosphorylase - cystathionine synthesis and heme synthesis - required for synthesis of niacin and tryptophan
Animal products - synthesized only by microorganisms - large reserve pool - mainly in liver

34. Delivers dietary TGs to peripheral tissues - delivers cholesterol to liver in the form of remnants - mostly depleted of TGs - secreted by intestinal epith cells
Rb and p53
Chylomicrons
CGG
In mitochondria - pyruvate to oxaloacetate - requires biotin - ATP - activated by acetyl coA

35. What metabolic rxns occur in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria
Inhibits lipoic acid - vomiting - rice water stools - garlic breath
Heme synthesis - urea cycle and gluconeogenesis - HUGs take two
Severity of disease worsens or age of onset of disease is earlier in succeeding generations - huntingtons
MEN - 2A and 2B with ret gene

36. In eukaryotes - What does RNA poly I make
Glucose 6P to CO2 - 2NADPH - ribulose 5P - G6PD - rate limiting step
Schilling test
Carnitine acyltransferase I
RRNA

37. Where is EtOH dehydrogenase located
Cytosol
Four
Fructose via sorbitol dehydrogenase - inc sorbitol leading to osmotic damage as in cataracts - retinopathy - peripheral neuropathy as in diabetes
D2 = ergocalciferol - ingested from plants D3 = cholecalciferol - ingested from milk - formed in sun exposed skin

38. What does an umabiguous genetic code refer to...
Inc vit B6
Sever atherosclerotic disease early in life - and tendon xanthomas on the achilles - MI may develop before 20
Each codon specifies only 1 amino acid
Mutated dystrophin gene - less severe - adolescence

39. What is chediak higashi
Miscarriage - stillbirth - chromosomal imbalance (down - patau)
Malonyl coa
Microtuble polymerization defect causing a dec in phagocytosis results in recurrent pyogenic infections - partial albinism - and peripheral neuropathy
Removal of N or C termal propeptides from zymogens to generate mature proteins

40. What CETP do
Mucus secreting globlet cells and antibody secreting plasma cells
Lariat shape in order and remove intron precisely and join 2 exons
Nonsense > missense > silent
Transfers cholesterol from mature HDL to VLDL - IDL and LDL (cholesterol ester transfer protein)

41. Which enzyme involved in RNA synthesis does not require a template
Poly A polymerase - signal is AAUAA
Terminal regions - tropocollagen
Inhibits the Na/K pump by binding the K side
PCR - denaturation - annealing - elongation

42. What converts limit dextran to glucose
Catalase positive (catalase neg produce H2O2 the cell can use) like S. aureus or aspergillus
Debranching enzyme
Aldolase B - AR - fructose 1P accumulates causing a dec in availabel phosphate which inhibts glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis leading to hypoglycemia - cirrhosis - jaundice and vomiting
GTP

43. Type IV BM
4 under the floor
Removal of N or C termal propeptides from zymogens to generate mature proteins
Secretion of abnl thick mucus that plugs lungs - pancreas - liver
Inc Cl - in sweat

44. What is the rate determining enzyme (RDE) of glycolysis
Phosphofructokinase 1
Hydroxyurea - inhibits ribonucleotide reductase - 6 MP - blocks de novo purine synthesis - 5 FU inhibits thymidilate synthase - MTX - inhibits DHFR - Trimethroprin inhibits bacterial DHFR
SAM
40 - 60 - 80

45. depression - progressive dementia - choreiform movements - caudate atrophy and dec levels of GABA and ACH in the brain
Exons
3 NADH - 1 FADH2 - 2 CO2 - 1 GTP = 12 ATP (x2 per glucose)
Huntingtons
Von gierkes - glucose 6 phosphatase

46. What creates the musty body odor in PKU
Glycolysis and aerobic respiration
III - joint dislocation - anuerysms - organ rupture
Liver - also in kidney and gut epithelium
Disorder of aromatic amino acid metabolism

47. Why does alpha amanitin cause liver failure and Where is it found
Degredation of TG circulating in chylomicrons and VLDLs
Dec methionine - inc cystiene - inc B12/folate
Inhibits RNA polymerase II - found in death cap mushrooms
Glucose to G-6P - hexokinase and fructose -6P to fructose 1 -6 BP phosphofructokinase -1

48. What are the functinos of vitamin A
Lysine and leucine
Neurons
Anabolic processes as a supply of reducing equivalents
Antioxidant - constituent of visual pigment - essential for nl differntiation of epithelial cells into specialized tissue (pancreatic cells - mucus secreting cells) used to treat measles

49. benign asymptomatic condition with elevated levels of fructose in urine and blood - dz and enzyme
Essential fructosuria - fructokinase AR
Core proteins
Occurs when cells in the body have different genetic makeup - can be germline mosaic - which may produce a disease that is not carried by parents somatic cells - lyonization - random X inactivation in females
Medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus - mamillary bodies

50. What are the symptoms of vit A def
Night blindness - dry skin
Common metabolites like pyruvate and acetyl CoA and excess NH4+ converted to urea and exreted
Carbomoyl phosphate synthetase I
Active secretion in lungs and GI - reabsorbs in skin