Test your basic knowledge |

Biochemistry

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. telangiectasia - recrrent epistaxis - skin discolorations - AVMs
Glycine
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler - Weber - Rendu syndrome)
After day 1
Methionine encode by only 1 codon (AUG)

2. What are ketone bodies made from - where are they metabolized and how are they excreted
HMG- CoA - brain to 2 molecules of acetyl - Coa - excreted in urine
Microtuble polymerization defect causing a dec in phagocytosis results in recurrent pyogenic infections - partial albinism - and peripheral neuropathy
Carnitine acyltransferase I
ATP

3. What happens on the nonoxidative arm of the HMP shunt and What is the key enzyme and cofactor
Ribulose 5P to ribose 5P - G3P and F6P - transketolase and B1
DsRNA promotes degradation of target mRNA knocking down gene expression
Polyneuritis - symmetrical muscle wasting
Base + ribose + phosphate (3' -5') phosphodiester bond

4. Which carbon bears the triphosphate and the energy source for bond formation

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

5. What defects characterize velocardiofacial syndrome
Superoxide dismutase
Mcardle's - skeletal muscle glycogen posphorylase
Palate - facial and cardiac defects
One

6. Type IV BM
Octamer = 2 sets of H2A - H2B - H3 - H4 - tie =H1
Delayed wound healing - hypogonadism - dec in adult hair - dysguesia - anosmia - may predispose to EtOH cirrhosis
4 under the floor
Targets the proteins for lysosome

7. Delivers hepatic cholesterol to peripheral tissues - formed by LPL modification of VLDL in the peripheral tissue - taken up by target cells via RME
Deamination
Inhibits RNA polymerase II - found in death cap mushrooms
Tall with long extremeties - pectus excavatum - hyperextensive joints - arachnodactyly
LDL

8. How do aminoglycosides work
By inhibiting formation of the initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA
Liver and beta cells of pancreas - low affinity - high Km - high capacity - high Vmax - induced by insulin
Stop codon is recognized by release factor - and completed protein is released from ribosome
Lariat shape in order and remove intron precisely and join 2 exons

9. In which state is FBPase -2 active
Fasting
Glucose -6 phosphate
Production of a recombinant DNA molecule that is self perpetuating - plasmids - selection - restriction enzyme cleavage - tissue mRNA with reverse transcriptase to make cDNA
No

10. In what cell is collagen synthesis initiated
Fibroblast
Cori's - debranching enzyme alpha 1 -6 glucosidase - gluconeogenesis intact
De novo pyrimidine synthesis and urea - ornithine transcarbamoyl def in the urea cycle leads to a build of CP - then converted to orotic acid in pyrimidine synthesis pathway
Alpha and beta tubulin - dimers have two GTP bound

11. What is the activated carrier for Co2
Alanine
Biotin
No
Ribulose 5P to ribose 5P - G3P and F6P - transketolase and B1

12. Fluorescent DNA or RNA probe binds to specific gene of interest - used for specific localization of genes and direct visualization of anomalies - like microdeletions - at molecular level
Von hippel lindau - 3
Malabsorption (sprue - enteritis) lack of intrinsic factor from pernicious anemia - gastric bypass surgery or absence of terminal ileum as in Crohns
Hypoxanthine to xanthing and xanthine to uric acid
FISH

13. What is the initial transcript called and What is the capped and tailed transcript called
Progressive hreditary nephritis and deafness - associated with occular disturbances - due to abnl type IV collagen - usually x- linked recessive
Propionyl - CoA to methylmalonyl - CoA (3C to 4C)
Regulatory proteins that control cell cycle events; phase specific; activate CDKs
Initial is heterogenous nuclear RNA - the capped and tailed is called mRNA

14. What occurs to oxaloacetate in starvation and DKA
Prokaryotic only - elongates leading strand by adding deoxnucTIDE to the 3' end. Elongates lagging strand until it reaches primer of preceeding fragment. 3' to 5' exonuclease activity 'proofreads' each added nucTIDE
Depleted for gluconeogenesis staling the TCA cycle and shunting glucose and FFA to production of ketone bodies
Liver and leafy veggies
Carnitine shuttle - acyl - coa from cyto to mito

15. What is the TX for hyper ammonemia
Tropoelastin with fibrillin scafolding
APC on chromosome 5
Animal products - synthesized only by microorganisms - large reserve pool - mainly in liver
Limit protein diet - benzoate or phenylbutarate (both bind amino acids leading to excretion) can decrease ammonia levels

16. What is a nonsense mutation
RNA
Orotic acid to UMP
Change resulting in early stop codon
Robertsonian translocation and mosaicism

17. How does ethanol induce hypoglycemia
Liver - also in kidney and gut epithelium
Nonreciprocal chromosomal translocation that commonly involves chromosome pairs 13 - 14 - 15 - 21 - 22
Inc NADH/NAD ratio in liver - causing diversion of pyruvate to lactate and OAA to malate - inhibiting gluconeogenesis and stimulating fatty acid synthesis. Leads to hypoglycemia and hepatic fatty liver change seen in chronic EtOH users
Tyrosine

18. Of the four possible fates for pyruvate - which one carries amino groups to liver from muscle
Specific glycosylases - AP endonuclease
Alanine
Acetly- CoA - CO2 - NADH
Impaired glucose breakdown leading to ATP depletion; highly affected aerobic tissues like brain and heart affected first

19. What do albinism - ARPKD - CF - glycogen storage diseases - hemochromatosis - mucopolysaccharidoses (except Hunters) PKU - sickle cell - sphingolipodoses (except Fabrys) thalassemias have in common
Autosomal recessive diseases
Result from phagocytic removal of heinz bodies my macs - G6PD def
HMG- CoA - brain to 2 molecules of acetyl - Coa - excreted in urine
40 - 60 - 80

20. What is the fxn of vit K
Gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on various proteins concerned with blood clotting - synthesized in intestinal flora
Terminal regions - tropocollagen
Inhibits 50S peptidyltransferase
Silencers

21. Which are the basic amino acids
Dermatitis - enteritis - alopecia - adrenal insuff
Williams syndrome
Arg - lys - his - arg is most basic - has has no charge at body pH
Cori's - debranching enzyme alpha 1 -6 glucosidase - gluconeogenesis intact

22. What is the defect in II A familial hypercholesterolemia
Males are infertile due to bilateral absence of vas deferens
Liver and leafy veggies
ADPKD
AD absent of dec LDL receptors causes accelerated atherosclerosis - achilles xanthomas and corneal arcus - increase LDL and elecated cholesterol

23. What does aminoacyl tRNA synthetase do the AA before and after it binds to tRNA - and what happens if it's the wrong the match
Scrutinizes - hydrolyzes the bond
Mucus secreting globlet cells and antibody secreting plasma cells
GTP
Purines= A - G pyrimidine = C - T (U)

24. What two amino acids are required druing periods of growth and why
Attachment of ubiquitin to defective proteins tag them for breakdown
Microarrays
Arg and his inc in histones Which bind negatively charged DNA
Coarse facial features - clouded corneas - restricted joint movements - high plasma levels of lysosomal enzymes - often fatal in childhood

25. What tissue samples are used for karyotyping
NAD+
Riboflavin - cofactor in oxidation and reduction (FAD and FMN are derived from riboflavin)
Blood - bone marrown - amniotic fluid - placental tissue
Cofactor of carboxyltion enzymes: pyruvate carboxylase - acetate - CoA carboxylase - and propionyl - CoA carboxylase

26. RNA poly can't proofread - but What can it do
Stored ATP - creatine phosphate - anaerobic glycolysis
Initiate chains
Hyperlipidemia
Superoxide dismutase

27. What is the Name and fxn of vit B5
Pantothenate - essential component of CoA - a cofactor for acyl transfers and fatty acid synthase
Dermatitis - enteritis - alopecia - adrenal insuff
Mebendazole/thiabendazole
PCR - denaturation - annealing - elongation

28. What is the active form of vit D
B(1 - 2 - 3 - 5 - 6 - 12) C - biotin and folate (B12 and folate are stored)
1 -25 OH2 D3 = calcitriol
Familial hypercholesterolemia - hyperlipidemia type IIA
Fatty acid oxidation - acetyl - Coa production - TCA cycle - OXPHOS

29. Describe the location and fxn of the Na/K ATPase
Plasma membrane - 3Na out - 2K in - ATP on cytoplasmic side
Binds 50S - blocking translocation
Base + ribose
In ER - glucose 6- P to glucose

30. What happens at the smooth ER
RRNA
Site of steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and poisons
Lacks glucose 6 phophatase
ATP and methionine

31. characterize autosomal recessive inheritance
Phenylethamolamine N methyl transferase
1/4 of offspring from 2 carrier parents are affected - often enzyme def - usually only seen in 1 generation - often more sever than AD - presents in childhood
5' of the incoming nucleotide
Epithelial cells

32. What is used to diagnose muscular dystrophies
Pseudomonas and s aureus
IMP precursor
Inc CPK and muscle biopsy
Tropoelastin with fibrillin scafolding

33. phosphorylation of glucose to yield glucose 6 phosphate serves as the 1st step of what rxns and what enzymes catalyze it
Glycolysis and the glycogen synthesis in the liver - hexokinase or glucokinase
Heme synthesis - urea cycle and gluconeogenesis - HUGs take two
Glucose 6P to CO2 - 2NADPH - ribulose 5P - G6PD - rate limiting step
Glycogenolysis to form glucose

34. Where are cytosolic and organellar proteins made
Acetyl - CoA carboxylase (ACC)
Free ribosomes
Poly A polymerase - signal is AAUAA
Degredation of TG circulating in chylomicrons and VLDLs

35. What co - factors are required for the pyruvated dehydrogenase complex
Pyrophosphate (B1 - thiamine - TPP) FAD (B2 - riboflavin) - NAD (B3 - niacin) - CoA (B5 pantothenate) - lipoic acid
Epithelial cells
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
UGA - UAA and UAG

36. What does the golgi assemble proteoglycans from
Core proteins
Glycogen and FFA oxidation; glucose conserved for final sprinting
Ile - phe - thr - trp
HMG- CoA reductase

37. What are cyclin - CDK complexes
3 NADH - 1 FADH2 - 2 CO2 - 1 GTP = 12 ATP (x2 per glucose)
RRNA
Must be both activated and inactivated for cell cycle to progress
Metanephrine

38. What does vit C def cause
Four
Glycine
Covalent cross - linking by lysyl oxidase to make collagen fibrils
Scurvy - swollen gums - bruising - hemarthrosis - anemia - poor wound healing - weakened immune response

39. What 3 steps in RNA processing occur after transcription

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

40. What is the amino acid precursor for catecholamines
Citrate - acetyl coa from mito to cyto
Phenylalanine
Facial flushing
VLDL

41. What are the glucogenic essential amino acids
Met - val - arg his
Flagella - cilia - mitotic spindles
Abnormal protein folding - degradation before reaching cell surface
Degredation of dietary TG in small intestine

42. What is the treatment for cystathionine synthase def
Epithelial cells
Breaks down acyl - coa to acetyl coa groups in mito
After citruline
Dec methionine - inc cystiene - inc B12/folate

43. What enzyme converts adenine to AMP
APRT + PRPP
Aldolase B - AR - fructose 1P accumulates causing a dec in availabel phosphate which inhibts glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis leading to hypoglycemia - cirrhosis - jaundice and vomiting
Lariat shape in order and remove intron precisely and join 2 exons
Palate - facial and cardiac defects

44. What does amino acid catabolsim results in the formation of what?
Common metabolites like pyruvate and acetyl CoA and excess NH4+ converted to urea and exreted
Breaks down acyl - coa to acetyl coa groups in mito
Reads usual codon but inserts wrong AA
Liver and beta cells of pancreas - low affinity - high Km - high capacity - high Vmax - induced by insulin

45. Why is albinism inheritnace varialbe due to...
VLDL
Glucose to G-6P - hexokinase and fructose -6P to fructose 1 -6 BP phosphofructokinase -1
Locus heterogeneity - ocular albinism is x- linked recessive
SAM

46. What does glycosylation of pro alpha chian yield and What is the structure
Two
Mcardle's - skeletal muscle glycogen posphorylase
Heterochromatin = HighlyCondensed
Procollagen - triple helix of 3 alpha collagen chains

47. Type II cartilage
G6PD
Mucus secreting globlet cells and antibody secreting plasma cells
CarTWOlage
Alpha1 antitrypsin

48. What are the mRNA stop codons
Euchromatin
UGA - UAA and UAG
Nine
1 -25 OH2 D3 = calcitriol

49. What are the results of pancreatic insuff in CF
NH2-(C=O) - NH2 one NH2 from ammonia the C=O from CO2 - and the other NH2 from aspartate
Malabsorption and steatorrhea (ADEK)
PMNs
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler - Weber - Rendu syndrome)

50. spheroid RBCs due to spectrin or ankyrin defect - hemolytic anemia - inc MHCH - splenectomy is curative
II - VII - IX - X (1972) protein C and S
Histidine
Hereditary spherocytosis
Eu - methionine - pro - formyl - methionine