Test your basic knowledge |

Biochemistry

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What substances are uncouling agents
Same AA - often base change in 3rd position of codon (tRNA wobble)
Genetic code is conserved throughout evolution - except for mito - archaebacteria - mycoplasma - and some yeast
2 -4 DNP - aspirin
Convulsions - hyperirritability - peripheral neuropathy - deficiency inducible by INH and oral contraceptives - sideroblastic anemais

2. What is maternal PKU
HMP shunt
Lack of proper dietary therapy during pregnancy leading to microcephaly - mental retardation growth retardation - congenital heart defects
Cystine kidney stones - cystine staghorn calculi - cystine is made of two cysteines connected by disulfide bond
Disease

3. What apolipoprotiens are on VLDL
ADEK - dependent on gut (ileum) and pancreas - accumulate in fat and can cause toxicity
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
B-100 - CII and E
Adenosine to inosine

4. What is sorbitol - how and why is it made
Gaucher's - beta glucocerebrosidase - glucocerebrosie - AR
Convulsions - hyperirritability - peripheral neuropathy - deficiency inducible by INH and oral contraceptives - sideroblastic anemais
Alcohol version of glucose - can trap glucose in cell - aldose reductase
Oligomycin

5. How does ethanol induce hypoglycemia
Neuralgia
Inc NADH/NAD ratio in liver - causing diversion of pyruvate to lactate and OAA to malate - inhibiting gluconeogenesis and stimulating fatty acid synthesis. Leads to hypoglycemia and hepatic fatty liver change seen in chronic EtOH users
NADPH
CO2 + NH4 needs carbamoyl phosphate synthase I - in the mitochondria

6. How do fluoroquinolones work
Mental retardation - hyperphagia - obesity - hypogonadism - hypotonia - deletion of normally active paternal allele on chromosome 15
Inhibit DNA gyrase specific for prokaryotic topoisomerase
Fibroblast
Free ribosomes

7. What are possilbe presentation for galactokinase def
Arginine
Degradation of TG stored in adipocytes
Lack of proper dietary therapy during pregnancy leading to microcephaly - mental retardation growth retardation - congenital heart defects
Failure to track objects or develop a social smile

8. What happens do glycogen in skeletal muscle during exercise
Epithelial cells
Inc NADH/NAD ratio in liver - causing diversion of pyruvate to lactate and OAA to malate - inhibiting gluconeogenesis and stimulating fatty acid synthesis. Leads to hypoglycemia and hepatic fatty liver change seen in chronic EtOH users
Reads usual codon but inserts wrong AA
Glycogenolysis to form glucose

9. Mediates reverse cholesterol transport from periphery to liver - acts as respository for apoC an apoE - secreted from both liver and small intestine
Reticulin - skin - blood vessels - uterus - fetal tissue - granulation tissue
Vincritsine/vinblastine
Malabsorption and steatorrhea (ADEK)
HDL

10. Why enzyme breaks down elastin and what enzyme inhibits it
Base + ribose + phosphate (3' -5') phosphodiester bond
HMG- CoA synthase
Inc glucagon - inc cAMP - inc PKA
Elastase - inhibited by alpha1 antitrypsin

11. What does a western blot use for its sample
Scurvy - swollen gums - bruising - hemarthrosis - anemia - poor wound healing - weakened immune response
After day 1
OTC has hyperammonemia - orotic aciduira does not
Protein

12. What is loss of heterozygosity and give an example
Neuralgia
Dopa decarboxylase
If pt inherits or develops a mutation in a tumor suppresor gene - the complementary allele must be deleted/mutated before cancer develops - not true of oncogenes - retinoblastoma
Conversion of NE to epi

13. In mismatch repair - which strand is recognized and In what hereditary syndrome is this defective
Neimann - pick - sphingomyelinase - sphingomyelin - AR
Glycolysis and the glycogen synthesis in the liver - hexokinase or glucokinase
Colchicine
Unmethylated - newly synthesized - HNPCC

14. What does Alports syndrome cause and why
Creat a nick in the helix to relieave supercoils created during replication
Progressive hreditary nephritis and deafness - associated with occular disturbances - due to abnl type IV collagen - usually x- linked recessive
Production of a recombinant DNA molecule that is self perpetuating - plasmids - selection - restriction enzyme cleavage - tissue mRNA with reverse transcriptase to make cDNA
Basement membrane or basal lamina

15. Why is albinism inheritnace varialbe due to...
Fatty acid oxidation - acetyl - Coa production - TCA cycle - OXPHOS
B48 - AIV - CII - E
They yield only acetyl - CoA equivalents
Locus heterogeneity - ocular albinism is x- linked recessive

16. What is the TX for hyper ammonemia
Two
Acetyl - CoA carboxylase (ACC)
Limit protein diet - benzoate or phenylbutarate (both bind amino acids leading to excretion) can decrease ammonia levels
ATP - citrate

17. What does a mischarge tRNA do
Reads usual codon but inserts wrong AA
Debranching enzyme
1/4 of offspring from 2 carrier parents are affected - often enzyme def - usually only seen in 1 generation - often more sever than AD - presents in childhood
CGG

18. What are the glucogenic essential amino acids
Acetly- CoA - CO2 - NADH
Met - val - arg his
Marfans
Oxidative is irreversible

19. What is the RDE of fatty acid oxidation
NH2-(C=O) - NH2 one NH2 from ammonia the C=O from CO2 - and the other NH2 from aspartate
Intermediate filaments
Arg - lys - his - arg is most basic - has has no charge at body pH
Carnitine acyltransferase I

20. What enzyme converts adenine to AMP
1 ring
Phosphenolpyruvate to pyruvate catalyzed by pyruvate kinase
APRT + PRPP
G6PD

21. caf
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausens disease)
Protein
Glossitis - severe = pellagra - diarrhea - dermatitis - dementia
RRNA

22. What is the Name and function of vit B2
Superoxide dismutase
Paclitaxel
Riboflavin - cofactor in oxidation and reduction (FAD and FMN are derived from riboflavin)
Occurs when cells in the body have different genetic makeup - can be germline mosaic - which may produce a disease that is not carried by parents somatic cells - lyonization - random X inactivation in females

23. What is the RDE of TCA cycle
Euchromatin
Antioxidant - protects RBCs and membrances from free radical damage
Excess NADH shunts oxaloacetate to malate (backwards) stalling the TCA and shunting glucose and FFA to ketone body production
Isocitrate dehydrogenase

24. trinucleotide repeat fo myotonic dystrophy
Hereditary defect of renal tubular amino acid transporter for cystein - ornithine - lysine and arginine in PCT
CTG
Heterochromatin = HighlyCondensed
Targets the proteins for lysosome

25. Type I bone
IDL
Carbomoyl phosphate synthetase II
Tryptophan
BOne

26. Which anti breast cancer drugs work on micortubules
Alpha 1 -6 and alpha 1 -4
III - joint dislocation - anuerysms - organ rupture
Paclitaxel
Alpha1 antitrypsin

27. How many ATP are created by aerobic metobolism of glucose in muslce via what shuttle
No - its non homologous
30 - glycerol -3- phosphate shuttle
Oligomycin
BOne

28. What is the TX for CF and What does it do
Degradation of TG stored in adipocytes
N- acteylcysteine - cleave disulfide bonds within mucus glycoproteins
APC on chromosome 5
Mediates extra remnant take up

29. The golgi apparatus fxns as a distribution center between what organelles in the cell and What does it process
For proteins and lipids from ER to plasma membrane - lysosomes and secretory vesicles
Glycogen phosphorylase
FISH
Inc permeability of membrane causing a dec in proton gradient and inc in O2 consumption - ATP synthesis stops - but electron transport continues to produce heat

30. How many rings do pyrimidines have
P2 +2pq+ = 1
Presence of both nl and mutated mtDNA resulting in mitochondrial inherited disease
1 ring
Pyruvate carboxylase - PEP carboxykinase - fructose 1 -6 biphosphatase - glucose 6 phosphatase

31. What is the RDE of the urea cycle
Acetyl - CoA to malonyl - CoA (2C to 3C)
Occurs when cells in the body have different genetic makeup - can be germline mosaic - which may produce a disease that is not carried by parents somatic cells - lyonization - random X inactivation in females
Carbomoyl phosphate synthetase I
PCR - denaturation - annealing - elongation

32. What is the exception to genetic redundancy
Methionine encode by only 1 codon (AUG)
Myeloperoxidase
PMNs
Liver and leafy veggies

33. In base excision repaire - what recognizes and removes damaged bases and what cuts the DNA to remove the empty sugar
Metachromatic leukodystrophy - arylsulfatase A - cerebroside sulfate AR
Alcohol version of glucose - can trap glucose in cell - aldose reductase
Inc fragility of RBC - hemolytic anemia - muscle weakness - posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination
Specific glycosylases - AP endonuclease

34. What happens in vit D def
Polycystic liver disease - berry aneurysm - mitral valve prolapse
Rickets in kids - bending bones - osteomalacia in adults - hypocalcemia tetany - breast milk has dec vit D (supplement in dark skinned patients)
ATP
Malapsorption syndromes like sprue or CF or mineral oil intake

35. What does cytokeratin stain for
Absence of galactose 1 phosphate uridyltransferase - accumulation of toxic substances leads to failure to thrive - jaundice - hepatomegaly - infantile cataracts - mental retardation
Epithelial cells
HGPRT - defective purine salvage - excess uric acid production
Animal products - synthesized only by microorganisms - large reserve pool - mainly in liver

36. What is codominance and give an example
Chronic granulomatous disease - no respiatory burst - no formatino of ROS
Neither of 2 alleles is dominant - blood groups
Ketone - methyl
AR

37. cytoskeletal elements in micorvilli - muscle contracting fibers - cytokenesis - adherens jxns
Cystic medial necrosis of aorta leading to aortic incompetence and dissecting aortic aneurysms - floppy mitral valve - subluxation of lenses
Same AA - often base change in 3rd position of codon (tRNA wobble)
Actin and myosin
NADH - NADPH - FADH2

38. What 3 amino acids are necessary for purine synthesis
Lysine and arginine
No - its non homologous
SNP
Glycine - aspartate - glutamine

39. What are uncoupling agents
Inc permeability of membrane causing a dec in proton gradient and inc in O2 consumption - ATP synthesis stops - but electron transport continues to produce heat
CO2 + NH4 needs carbamoyl phosphate synthase I - in the mitochondria
Hepatic glycogenolysis - adipose tissue release of FFA - muslce and liver FFA - hepatic gluconeogenesis from peripheral tissue lactate and alanine and from adipose tissue glycerol and proprionyl - coA (odd chain FFA)
Sucrose = glucose + fructose - lactose = glucose + galactose

40. congenital deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase in the degradative pathway of tyrosine to fumarate leading to dark connective tissue - brown pigmented sclera - urine turns black on standing - dz and worst complication
Elastase - inhibited by alpha1 antitrypsin
Alkaptonuria - may have debiliating arthralgias
Not all individuals with a mutant genotype show the mutant phenotype
Sulfation

41. Mild Hurlurs + aggressive behavior no corneal clouding
UGA - UAA and UAG
Tendency for certain alleles at 2 linked loci to occur together more often than expected by chance - varies is different populations
Hunters - iduronate sulfatase - heparan sulfate/dermatan sulfate - XR
SnRNPs

42. What are the 4 assumption of the Hardy Weinberg law
Facial flushing
Assistance of upper extremities to stand up
No mutation occuring at the locus - no selection for any genotypes at the locus - completely random mating - no migration
Mutations at different loci can produce the same phenotype - marfans - MEN 2B - homocystinuria; all cause marfinoid habitus - also albinism

43. What polar group does guanine have - and what non polar group does thymine have
Arginine
Ketone - methyl
Glucose 6P to CO2 - 2NADPH - ribulose 5P - G6PD - rate limiting step
Proton gradient

44. What activates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Alcohol version of glucose - can trap glucose in cell - aldose reductase
Exercise: inc NAD/NADH - inc ADP - inc Ca
Macrocytic - megaloblastic anemia - hypersegmented PMNs - neurologic symptoms - (parasthesias - subacute combined degeneration) due to abnl myelin - prolonged becomes irreversible
1 ring

45. How many ATP are created by aerobic metabolism of glucose in the heart and liver via what shuttle
SAM
32 - malate aspartate shuttle
Phosphorylation excess glucose to sequester it - liver becomes blood glucose buffer
Alcohol version of glucose - can trap glucose in cell - aldose reductase

46. Where is vit B12 found
Animal products - synthesized only by microorganisms - large reserve pool - mainly in liver
HGPRT - defective purine salvage - excess uric acid production
Glucose 6P to CO2 - 2NADPH - ribulose 5P - G6PD - rate limiting step
Hypoglycemia

47. progressive neurodegeneration - hepatosplenomegaly - cherry red spot on macula - foam cells
3' end (with CCA)
Phenylketones in urine
Neimann - pick - sphingomyelinase - sphingomyelin - AR
No

48. What does PURe As Gold and CUT The Py stand for
Mental retardation - growth retardation - seizures - fair skin - eczema - musty body odor
Hypophophatemia rickets - vit D resistant ricketts - inc wasting of phosphate in proximal tubule - rickets like presentation
Purines= A - G pyrimidine = C - T (U)
Pantothenate - essential component of CoA - a cofactor for acyl transfers and fatty acid synthase

49. What are the teratogenic effects of vit A and What test must be ordered before starting a woman on isotreitinoin for severe acne
Must be both activated and inactivated for cell cycle to progress
Ribos first then deoxyribos with ribonucleotide reductase
Cleft palate - cardiac abnl - pregs test
Dec DNA - dec lymphos leads to SCID

50. What form of amino acids are found in proteins
Hypoglycemia
Eu - methionine - pro - formyl - methionine
L form
Degradation of TG stored in adipocytes

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Major Subjects
Tests & Exams AP CLEP DSST GRE SAT GMAT	Certifications CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/ PMP ITIL RHCE MCTS More...	IT Skills Android Programming Data Modeling Objective C Programming Basic Python Programming Adobe Illustrator More...	Business Skills Advertising Techniques Business Accounting Basics Business Strategy Human Resource Management Marketing Basics More...
Soft Skills Body Language People Skills Public Speaking Persuasion Job Hunting And Resumes More...	Vocabulary GRE Vocab SAT Vocab TOEFL Essential Vocab Basic English Words For All Global Words You Should Know Business English More...	Languages AP German Vocab AP Latin Vocab SAT Subject Test: French Italian Survival Norwegian Survival More...	Engineering Audio Engineering Computer Science Engineering Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering Structural Engineering More...
Health Sciences Basic Nursing Skills Health Science Language Fundamentals Veterinary Technology Medical Language Cardiology Clinical Surgery More...	English Grammar Fundamentals Literary And Rhetorical Vocab Elements Of Style Vocab Introduction To English Major Complete Advanced Sentences Literature Homonyms More...	Math Algebra Formulas Basic Arithmetic: Measurements Metric Conversions Geometric Properties Important Math Facts Number Sense Vocab Business Math More...	Other Major Subjects Science Economics History Law Performing-arts Cooking Logic & Reasoning Trivia

Test your basic knowledge |

Biochemistry

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Let me suggest you:

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests

Major Subjects

Tests & Exams

Certifications

IT Skills

Business Skills

Soft Skills

Vocabulary

Languages

Engineering

Health Sciences

English

Math

Other Major Subjects

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests