Test your basic knowledge |

Biochemistry

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Accurate base pairing is required only in the first two nucleotide positions of an mRNA codon - so conds differeing in the 3rd position may code for the same tRNA/AA due to degenerate genetic code
Fatty acid oxidation - acetyl - Coa production - TCA cycle - OXPHOS
Wobble
Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
Carbomoyl phosphate synthetase I

2. Describe the replication fork
Post to neg
Exercise: inc NAD/NADH - inc ADP - inc Ca
Y shaped region along the DNA template where leading nad lagging strands are synthesized
They yield only acetyl - CoA equivalents

3. nucleotide repeat for fragile x
CGG
Presence of both nl and mutated mtDNA resulting in mitochondrial inherited disease
Neimann - pick - sphingomyelinase - sphingomyelin - AR
Neither of 2 alleles is dominant - blood groups

4. trinucleotide repeat fo myotonic dystrophy
ATP and alanine
Locus heterogeneity - ocular albinism is x- linked recessive
Inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and contributes to hangover symptoms
CTG

5. Which phase of the HMP shunt is reversible and Which is irreversible
Arg and his inc in histones Which bind negatively charged DNA
More than 1 codon may code for the same amino acid
Oxidative is irreversible
Infection - free radicals generated by inflammatory response

6. What does the mutation in the gene cause in protein synthesis
Must be both activated and inactivated for cell cycle to progress
Wrinkles and acne
Abnormal protein folding - degradation before reaching cell surface
Converted to THF - a coenzyme for one - carbon transfer/methylation reactions - important for synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA

7. What does beta oxidation do and Where does it occur
Glutamine PRPP amidotransferase
Breaks down acyl - coa to acetyl coa groups in mito
Type II
Glucose -6 phosphate

8. What are CDKs
Cyclin dependent kinases;constitutive and inactive
Bone - skin - tendon - dentin - fascia - cornea - late wound repair
Glycine - aspartate - glutamine
Inc fragility of RBC - hemolytic anemia - muscle weakness - posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination

9. trinucleotide repeat for huntingtons
GTP
CAG
Flagella - cilia - mitotic spindles
Tryosine hydroxylase

10. What substance inside the cells replenishes NADPH
Mebendazole/thiabendazole
5' of the incoming nucleotide
G6PD
Initiate chains

11. Which are the basic amino acids
Arg - lys - his - arg is most basic - has has no charge at body pH
Catabolic processes to carry reducing equivalents away as NADH
Hereditary spherocytosis
X- linked recessive

12. Why is albinism inheritnace varialbe due to...
Phosphofructokinase 1
Tall with long extremeties - pectus excavatum - hyperextensive joints - arachnodactyly
B12 and folate
Locus heterogeneity - ocular albinism is x- linked recessive

13. What is the trinucleotide repeat in fragile X
Nonreciprocal chromosomal translocation that commonly involves chromosome pairs 13 - 14 - 15 - 21 - 22
Lariat shape in order and remove intron precisely and join 2 exons
CGG
In mitochondria - pyruvate to oxaloacetate - requires biotin - ATP - activated by acetyl coA

14. What is the RDE of de novo purine synthesis
Early in life - AR - inability to synthesize lipoproteins due to def in apoB100 and B48 - intestinal biopsy shows accumulation within enterocytes due to inability to export absorbed lipid as chylomicrons - failure to thrive - steatorrhea - acanthocyt
Glutamine PRPP amidotransferase
Inhibits RNA polymerase II - found in death cap mushrooms
TTP

15. What is codominance and give an example
Neither of 2 alleles is dominant - blood groups
Dopamine beta hydroxylase
Catabolic processes to carry reducing equivalents away as NADH
Liver - ovaries - seminal vesicles

16. What does high cholesterol or long saturated fatty acid content do to the melting temperature and fluidity
Neurons
Inc melt - dec fluidity
Inhibits 50S peptidyltransferase
Huntingtons

17. What is the result of vit B5 def
Convulsions - hyperirritability - peripheral neuropathy - deficiency inducible by INH and oral contraceptives - sideroblastic anemais
Catalase positive (catalase neg produce H2O2 the cell can use) like S. aureus or aspergillus
X- linked recessive
Glycolysis and aerobic respiration

18. What is the breakdown product of epi
MEN - 2A and 2B with ret gene
EtOH dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Convulsions - hyperirritability - peripheral neuropathy - deficiency inducible by INH and oral contraceptives - sideroblastic anemais
Metanephrine

19. Of the four possible fates for pyruvate - which one can replenish TCA cycle or be used in gluconeogenesis
Antibiotic use or excessive ingestion of raw eggs
Oxalacetate
Inhibits RNA polymerase II - found in death cap mushrooms
LPL def - or altered apoCII - elevated TG and cholesterol - causes pancreatitis - hepatosplenomegaly and eruptive/pruritic xannthomas - no risk of atherosclerosis

20. What is the amino acid precuros for niacin and serotonin/melatonin
Aminoacyl - tRNA binds A site - ribosomal rRNA catalyzes peptide bond formation - transfers growing peptide to AA in A site - ribosome advances 3 nucTIDE toward 3' end of RNA - moving peptidyl RNA to P side
Aldolase B - AR - fructose 1P accumulates causing a dec in availabel phosphate which inhibts glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis leading to hypoglycemia - cirrhosis - jaundice and vomiting
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausens disease)
Tryptophan

21. progressive neurodegeneration - developmental delay - cherry red spot on macula - lysosomes with onion skin - NO hepatosplenomegaly
Makes RNA primer on which DNA poly III can initiate replication
Tryptophan excretion in urine and dec absorption from the gut leading to pellagra
DNA
Tay- Sachs - hexosaminidase A - GM2 ganglioside - AR

22. What are the findings with homocystinuria and What amino acid is needs to be supplemented
Homocystein in ruine - mental retardation - osteoporosis - tall stature - kyphosis - lens subluxation and atherosclerosis leading to stroke and MI - cysteine
Liver - ovaries - seminal vesicles
ATPase that links peripheral 9 doublets and causes bending of cilium by differential sliding of doublets
Oxidative is irreversible

23. What do def in in enzymes of gluconeogenesis cause
Hypoglycemia
9+2 arrangement of microtubules
Collagen
Leu - lys

24. What are the physical findings of fragile x syndrome
Depleted for gluconeogenesis staling the TCA cycle and shunting glucose and FFA to production of ketone bodies
G6PD
Mental retardation - macro - orchidism - long face with large jaw - large everted ears - autism - and mitral valve prolapse
B-100 - CII and E

25. For eukaryotes - Where does replication begin?
Consesus sequenec of base pairs
Wobble
Cytosol
Phosphorylation - glycosylation - hydroxylation

26. What does the primary transcript combine with to form the spliceosome
SnRNPs and other proteins
3 NADH - 1 FADH2 - 2 CO2 - 1 GTP = 12 ATP (x2 per glucose)
Type II
B6

27. What is I cell disease
Inherited lysosomal storage disorder; failure of addition of mannose 6 phosphate to lysosomal proteins - enzymes secreted outside of cell instead of lysosomes
HMG- CoA reductase
IDL
Polycystic liver disease - berry aneurysm - mitral valve prolapse

28. What is the result of vit B5 def
ATP hyrdolysis couple to energetically unfavorable rxns
L form
Debranching enzyme
Dermatitis - enteritis - alopecia - adrenal insuff

29. elevated LDL due to defective or absent LDL receptor - heterozygotes have cholesterol ~300 - homozygotes ~700
Wernicke - korsakoff - dry and wet beriberi
Familial hypercholesterolemia - hyperlipidemia type IIA
Rotenone - CN- - antimycin A - CO
Cystic medial necrosis of aorta leading to aortic incompetence and dissecting aortic aneurysms - floppy mitral valve - subluxation of lenses

30. What does glycosylation of pro alpha chian yield and What is the structure
Liver hepatocytes and steroid producing cells of the adrenal cortex
Oxidized hemoglobin precipiated within RBCs
Procollagen - triple helix of 3 alpha collagen chains
Binds 50S - blocking translocation

31. What is pseudohypertrophy in the calf a result of - and What are the cardiac manifestations
Glycine
Adenylyl cycle - inc cAMP - inc PKA - glycogen phosphorylase kinase activated - glycogen phosphoylase active - glycolysis
Fibrofatty replacement of muscle - cardiac myopathy
Delayed wound healing - hypogonadism - dec in adult hair - dysguesia - anosmia - may predispose to EtOH cirrhosis

32. What does a northern blot use as its sample
Accelearted muscle breakdown
Oral uridine administration
2 -4 DNP - aspirin
RNA

33. What converts NE to epi
Phenylethamolamine N methyl transferase
Trisomy 13 - severe mental retardation - rocker bottom feet - micophthlamia - microcephaly - cleft lip/palate - holoprosencephaly - polydactyly - congenital heart disease - death usually within the first year
Phosphorylation - glycosylation - hydroxylation
Pyruvate to oxaloacetate (3C to 4C)

34. What happens with dry beriberi
NADPH
Polyneuritis - symmetrical muscle wasting
Vincritsine/vinblastine
Accelearted muscle breakdown

35. What ribosomes do prokaryotes have
Dec methionine - inc cystiene - inc B12/folate
HDL
30 - 50 - 70
Citrate - isocitrate - alpha ketoglutarate - succinyl - CoA - succinate - fumarate - malate - oxaleoacetate

36. deletion of VHL gene on chromosome 3 leading to hemangioblastomas of retina/cerebellum/medulla bilateral RCC - dz and overexpression product
Inhibits EtOH dehydrogenase and is an antidote for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning
Von hippel lindau - 3
HMG- CoA synthase
Carnitine shuttle - acyl - coa from cyto to mito

37. what findings are associated with marfans
Pantothenate - essential component of CoA - a cofactor for acyl transfers and fatty acid synthase
Tall with long extremeties - pectus excavatum - hyperextensive joints - arachnodactyly
Muscle
Retardation - self mutilation - aggression - hyperuricemia - gout - choreoathetosis

38. What happens in termination of proteins synthesis
NF2 on chromosome 22
Antioxidant - facilitates iron absorption by keeping iron in the Fe2+ reduced state - necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine collagen bridges - necessary for dopamine beta hydroxylase which converts DA to NE
Sulfation
Stop codon is recognized by release factor - and completed protein is released from ribosome

39. What substance accumulates in galactokinase def and What is the clinical picture
Galactitol - galactose appears in blood and urine - can cause infantile cataracta - AR
IMP precursor
Actin and myosin
HDL

40. peripheral neuropathy of hands/feet - angiokeratomas - CV/renal disease - dz - def enzyme - acc substrate - inherit
Consesus sequenec of base pairs
Glycine
Fabrys - alpha galactosidase A - ceramide trihexoside - XR
Kidney - ears - eyes

41. How does chloramphenicol work
Offspring receives 2 copies of a chromosome from 1 parent and no copies from the other parent
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Inhibits 50S peptidyltransferase
RNA poly II

42. Which part of the DNA binds RNA polymerase and multiple other TFs upstream from gene locus
Neural tube
NADPH
Promotor - TATA box - and CAAT box - AT rich
SAM

43. What amino acid makes up most of the octamer
Kidney - ears - eyes
Nonsense > missense > silent
Lysine and arginine
Inability to transport LCFAs into mitochondria results in toxic accumulation causing weakness - hypotonia - hyperketotic hyperglycemia

44. What does a decrease in decrease in NADPH lead to and why
Oligomycin
Particular sequence of DNA where replicatino begins - may be single of multiple
Poor defense from oxidizing agents - fava beans - sulfonamides - primaquine - antituberclosis drugs leadig to hemolytic anemia.
Tryptophan excretion in urine and dec absorption from the gut leading to pellagra

45. How many nucTIDEs is a tRNA and What does the secondary sturcture form
Oxidative is irreversible
Arg and his inc in histones Which bind negatively charged DNA
75 to 90 - cloverleaf
Athralgias - fatigue - headaches - skin changes - sore throat - alopecia

46. What does lipoprotein lipase do
Degredation of TG circulating in chylomicrons and VLDLs
Biotin
RRNA
APC on chromosome 5

47. Which carbon bears the triphosphate and the energy source for bond formation

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

48. Of the four possible fates for pyruvate - which ends anaerobic glycolysis as in RBCs - leukocytes - kidney medulla - lens - testes and cornea
Lactate
RRNA
32 - malate aspartate shuttle
Vit K antagonist

49. What lab technique is use to profile gene expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously to study certain diseases and treatments
D2 = ergocalciferol - ingested from plants D3 = cholecalciferol - ingested from milk - formed in sun exposed skin
Microarrays
Reads usual codon but inserts wrong AA
Transmitted through both parents - affected mother may have affected children - affected father will have affected children

50. In which state is FBPase -2 active
B100 and E
Depletes alpha - ketoglutarate leading to inhibition of TCA cycle - tremor slurring of speech - somnolence - vomiting - cerebral edema - blurring of vision
Faulty collagen synthesis - hyperextensible skin - tendency to bleed - easy bruising - hypermobile joints
Fasting