Test your basic knowledge |

Biochemistry

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what happens in acyl coa dehyrdogenase def
1 ring
Genetic code is conserved throughout evolution - except for mito - archaebacteria - mycoplasma - and some yeast
Inc dicarboxylic acids - dec in glucose and ketones
Ubiquitous - low Km - high affinity - low capacity low Vmax - uninduced by insulin

2. In which state is PFK-2 active
Q -
Base + ribose + phosphate (3' -5') phosphodiester bond
Hunters - iduronate sulfatase - heparan sulfate/dermatan sulfate - XR
Fed

3. What is disulfiram used for
Ca/calmodulin in muscle to coordinate with muscle activity
Oxalacetate
Inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and contributes to hangover symptoms
They yield only acetyl - CoA equivalents

4. What is the activated carrier for aldehyddes
Prokaryotic only - degrades RNA primer and fills in the gap with DNA
Foliage - small reserve in liver - eat green leaves
Glucose - 2Pi - 2ADP - 2NAD+
TTP

5. What is the Name and fxn of vit B5
Adenosine to inosine
Pantothenate - essential component of CoA - a cofactor for acyl transfers and fatty acid synthase
Citrate - acetyl coa from mito to cyto
Via 1 proprionyl - CoA which can enter the TCA as succinyl - CoA and undergo gluconeogenesis

6. What is the wernicke - korsakoff clinical picture
Malate - aspartate shuttle or the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle
Confusion - opthalmoplegia - ataxia - confabulation - personality changes and memory loss
Change resulting in early stop codon
Inc NADH/NAD ratio in liver - causing diversion of pyruvate to lactate and OAA to malate - inhibiting gluconeogenesis and stimulating fatty acid synthesis. Leads to hypoglycemia and hepatic fatty liver change seen in chronic EtOH users

7. What happens in vit D def
Liver - ovaries - seminal vesicles
Phenylalanine
Rickets in kids - bending bones - osteomalacia in adults - hypocalcemia tetany - breast milk has dec vit D (supplement in dark skinned patients)
Keep glutathione reduced so it can detoxify free radicals and peroxides

8. In prokaryotes - What does makes the different types of RNA
1 kind with multiple subunits
Medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus - mamillary bodies
Kidney - ears - eyes
B(1 - 2 - 3 - 5 - 6 - 12) C - biotin and folate (B12 and folate are stored)

9. What is the defect in fructose intolerance and What does it cause
Progressive hreditary nephritis and deafness - associated with occular disturbances - due to abnl type IV collagen - usually x- linked recessive
Tendency for certain alleles at 2 linked loci to occur together more often than expected by chance - varies is different populations
Aldolase B - AR - fructose 1P accumulates causing a dec in availabel phosphate which inhibts glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis leading to hypoglycemia - cirrhosis - jaundice and vomiting
Targets the proteins for lysosome

10. What does primase do
Binds 50S - blocking translocation
Zero
Makes RNA primer on which DNA poly III can initiate replication
Initial is heterogenous nuclear RNA - the capped and tailed is called mRNA

11. What is used to diagnose muscular dystrophies
Protective against malaria
Dec methionine - inc cystiene - inc B12/folate
Hydroxyurea - inhibits ribonucleotide reductase - 6 MP - blocks de novo purine synthesis - 5 FU inhibits thymidilate synthase - MTX - inhibits DHFR - Trimethroprin inhibits bacterial DHFR
Inc CPK and muscle biopsy

12. How do aminoglycosides work
Phenytoin - MTX - and sulfonamides
ADEK - dependent on gut (ileum) and pancreas - accumulate in fat and can cause toxicity
2 rings
By inhibiting formation of the initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA

13. What substances directly inhibit electron transport chain
Rotenone - CN- - antimycin A - CO
Skin
Glycine
G6PD

14. What produces NADPH
HMP shunt
F16BP
Phosphofructokinase 1
Carnitine shuttle - acyl - coa from cyto to mito

15. How do permanent cells grow and regenerate and What are examples of permanent cells
Inc intake of ketogenic nutrients - high in fact content or inc lysine or leucine
Diphyllobothrium latum
Remain in G0 - regenerate from stem cells - neurons - skeletal/cardiac muscle - RBCs
Promotor - TATA box - and CAAT box - AT rich

16. NADPH are used In what 4 things
Seals.
Transmitted only through mother - all offspring of affected females may show signs of disease
Anabolic processes like steroid and fatty acid synthesis - respiratory burst - P-450 - glutathione reductase
17 - 17 letters in von Recklinghausen

17. What does the start codon code for in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Histidine
B100 and E
Eu - methionine - pro - formyl - methionine
Dermatitis - glossitis - and diarrhea

18. How do tetracyclines work
HMG- CoA - brain to 2 molecules of acetyl - Coa - excreted in urine
APRT + PRPP
Same AA - often base change in 3rd position of codon (tRNA wobble)
Bind 30s subunit preventing attachment of aminoacyl - tRNA

19. Which end of the tRNA is the amino acid bound to...

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

20. congenital microdeletion of short arm of chromosome 5 with microcephaly - moderate to severe mental retardation - high pitched crying/meying - epicanthal folds - cardiac abnl
Marfans
Bruton's agammaglobulinemia - wiskott - aldrich - fabrys disease - G6PD def - ocular albinism - Lesch - Nyhan syndrome - Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy - hunter's syndrome - hemophilia A and B
NF2 on chromosome 22
Cri du chat

21. Mild Hurlurs + aggressive behavior no corneal clouding
Hunters - iduronate sulfatase - heparan sulfate/dermatan sulfate - XR
Phenylalanine
Foliage - small reserve in liver - eat green leaves
Glycogen and FFA oxidation; glucose conserved for final sprinting

22. How do microtubules grow and collapse
Grows slowly - collapses quickly
Met - val - arg his
Tall with long extremeties - pectus excavatum - hyperextensive joints - arachnodactyly
IDL

23. What substance inside the cell reduces glutatione
Actin and myosin
Glycine - aspartate - glutamine
NADPH
Ornithin transcarbamoylase def - x linked recesssive - other urea cycle enzymes defs are autosommal recessive

24. Pts with albinism are at inc risk For what cancer
Skin
GAA
3' end (with CCA)
Glycine - aspartate - glutamine

25. How are the many staggered tropocollagen molecules reinforced
Neonatal hemorrhage with inc PT and PTT - but nl bleeding time - can also occur after prolonged use of broad spectrum Abx
Covalent cross - linking by lysyl oxidase to make collagen fibrils
Not all individuals with a mutant genotype show the mutant phenotype
Glucose - 2Pi - 2ADP - 2NAD+

26. What components come together to make S- adenosyl methionine
VLDL
Silencers
Mental retardation - flat facies - prominent epicanthal folds - simian crease - gap between 1st 2 toes - duodenal atresia - congenital heart disease (ASD) - inc risk of All and Alzheimers
ATP and methionine

27. What does biotin def cause
Dermatitis - alopecia - enteritis
Alpha 1 -4 glucosidase
Inhibit DNA gyrase specific for prokaryotic topoisomerase
Carbomoyl phosphate synthetase I

28. What is the amino acid precursor for histamine
HMG- CoA reductase
Eu - methionine - pro - formyl - methionine
Histidine
Inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and contributes to hangover symptoms

29. What is imprinting and give an example

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

30. What is the function of Zinc
Essential for the activity of over 100+ enzymes - important in the formatio of zinc fingers -
40 - 60 - 80
B100 and E
Via 1 proprionyl - CoA which can enter the TCA as succinyl - CoA and undergo gluconeogenesis

31. phosphorylation of glucose to yield glucose 6 phosphate serves as the 1st step of what rxns and what enzymes catalyze it
Dermatitis - glossitis - and diarrhea
THFs
Glycolysis and the glycogen synthesis in the liver - hexokinase or glucokinase
HGPRT - defective purine salvage - excess uric acid production

32. What enzyme degrades a small amount of glycogen in lysosomes
Absence of galactose 1 phosphate uridyltransferase - accumulation of toxic substances leads to failure to thrive - jaundice - hepatomegaly - infantile cataracts - mental retardation
Alpha 1 -4 glucosidase
Microarrays
Malate - aspartate shuttle or the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle

33. What are the reactants for glycolysis
Specific glycosylases - AP endonuclease
Phenylalanine hydroxylase - tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor
Glucose - 2Pi - 2ADP - 2NAD+
Active secretion in lungs and GI - reabsorbs in skin

34. 1 g of protein or cabrohydrate = ?kcal
Mcardle's - skeletal muscle glycogen posphorylase
SAM
Evident in first few days of life - can present last onest - excess carbamoyl phosphate converted to orotic acid - orotic acid in blood and urine - dec BUN and symptoms of hyerpammonemia
Four

35. What are covalent alterations
Phosphorylation - glycosylation - hydroxylation
Nature and severity of phenotype vary from 1 individual to another - NF type 1
Pantothenate - essential component of CoA - a cofactor for acyl transfers and fatty acid synthase
RNA

36. What is the RDE of fatty acid synthesis
Poly A polymerase - signal is AAUAA
Core proteins
Stored ATP - creatine phosphate - anaerobic glycolysis
Acetyl - CoA carboxylase (ACC)

37. cell signaling defect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 3 - results in dwarfism - short limbs - head/trunk nl size - associated with advanced paternal age
Hunters - iduronate sulfatase - heparan sulfate/dermatan sulfate - XR
Prevent strands from reannealing
Alcohol version of glucose - can trap glucose in cell - aldose reductase
Achondroplasia

38. Where is EtOH dehydrogenase located
Glossitis - severe = pellagra - diarrhea - dermatitis - dementia
Myeloperoxidase
Cytosol
In mitochondria - pyruvate to oxaloacetate - requires biotin - ATP - activated by acetyl coA

39. Which kind of osteogenesis imperfecta is fata in utero or in neonatal period
Dec AFP - inc betahCGH - dec estradiol - inc inhibin - inc nuchal translucency on US
Abnormal protein folding - degradation before reaching cell surface
Type II
Ketone - methyl

40. What does lactase deficiency cause
Loss of brush border enzyme causing bloating - cramps - osmotic diarrhea
Robertsonian translocation and mosaicism
Lysine and arginine
Delayed wound healing - hypogonadism - dec in adult hair - dysguesia - anosmia - may predispose to EtOH cirrhosis

41. What rxn does propionyl - CoA carboxylase catalyze
Propionyl - CoA to methylmalonyl - CoA (3C to 4C)
MEN - 2A and 2B with ret gene
Stop codon is recognized by release factor - and completed protein is released from ribosome
Marasmus - muscle wasting

42. Very Poor Carbohydrate Metabolism stands for 4 of the glycogen storage diseases - What are thy

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

43. What is heteroplasmy
Presence of both nl and mutated mtDNA resulting in mitochondrial inherited disease
Eu - methionine - pro - formyl - methionine
Liver - also in kidney and gut epithelium
Degredation of TG circulating in chylomicrons and VLDLs

44. What is the pathway in the fed state leading to dec FBPase -2 and inc PFK-2
FMR1 gene - methylation - associated with chromosomal breakage
Hypophophatemia rickets - vit D resistant ricketts - inc wasting of phosphate in proximal tubule - rickets like presentation
Wrinkles and acne
Inc insulin - dec cAMP - dec PKA

45. What does hepatic TG lipase do
HGPRT - defective purine salvage - excess uric acid production
Thymic - parathyroid and cardiac
Reticulin - skin - blood vessels - uterus - fetal tissue - granulation tissue
Degradation of TG remaining in IDL

46. What does aminoacyl tRNA synthetase do the AA before and after it binds to tRNA - and what happens if it's the wrong the match
Infection - free radicals generated by inflammatory response
After day 1
2 rings
Scrutinizes - hydrolyzes the bond

47. Describe the pathophys of the aorta in a pt with marfans - and the eyes
Mental retardation - hyperphagia - obesity - hypogonadism - hypotonia - deletion of normally active paternal allele on chromosome 15
Flagella - cilia - mitotic spindles
Cystic medial necrosis of aorta leading to aortic incompetence and dissecting aortic aneurysms - floppy mitral valve - subluxation of lenses
Tropoelastin with fibrillin scafolding

48. In what cell is collagen synthesis initiated
Thymic - parathyroid and cardiac
Glucose -6 phosphate
NADPH
Fibroblast

49. What are the complications/signs of familial hypercholesterolemia
Sever atherosclerotic disease early in life - and tendon xanthomas on the achilles - MI may develop before 20
Tropoelastin with fibrillin scafolding
Fatty acid oxidation - acetyl - Coa production - TCA cycle - OXPHOS
Pyruvate carboxylase - PEP carboxykinase - fructose 1 -6 biphosphatase - glucose 6 phosphatase

50. What is RNAi used for
Inherited lysosomal storage disorder; failure of addition of mannose 6 phosphate to lysosomal proteins - enzymes secreted outside of cell instead of lysosomes
Inc vit B6
DsRNA promotes degradation of target mRNA knocking down gene expression
Phosphofructokinase 1