Biochemistry

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the activated carrier for aldehyddes
Liver hepatocytes and steroid producing cells of the adrenal cortex
TTP
Degradation of TG remaining in IDL
30 - glycerol -3- phosphate shuttle


2. In mismatch repair - which strand is recognized and In what hereditary syndrome is this defective
Schwann cells - lens - retina - kidneys
75 to 90 - cloverleaf
Cyclin dependent kinases;constitutive and inactive
Unmethylated - newly synthesized - HNPCC


3. What does NADPH oxidase deficiency result in and why
Rb and p53
Limit protein diet - benzoate or phenylbutarate (both bind amino acids leading to excretion) can decrease ammonia levels
THFs
Chronic granulomatous disease - no respiatory burst - no formatino of ROS


4. What is the Hardy Weinberg disease prevalence equation
Grows slowly - collapses quickly
P2 +2pq+ = 1
SNP
DTMP


5. Where is vit A found in the diet
Cri du chat
Liver and leafy veggies
Removal of N or C termal propeptides from zymogens to generate mature proteins
Many generations - both male and female affected - often pleiotropic - can present clinically after puberty


6. How many nucTIDEs is a tRNA and What does the secondary sturcture form
Antigen - antibody reactivity - can look for antigen or antibody in patients blood
Aldolase B - AR - fructose 1P accumulates causing a dec in availabel phosphate which inhibts glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis leading to hypoglycemia - cirrhosis - jaundice and vomiting
75 to 90 - cloverleaf
ATP and alanine


7. Who typically has lactase def
RRNA
African Americans and Asians
Williams syndrome
Stored and undergoes glycogenolysis to maintain blood sugar at appropriate levels


8. Is there any requirement for homology in NHEJ
Active secretion in lungs and GI - reabsorbs in skin
More than 1 codon may code for the same amino acid
Reads usual codon but inserts wrong AA
No - its non homologous


9. What 3 steps in RNA processing occur after transcription

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


10. What does commaless - nonoverlapping genetic code refer to...
Phosphorylation excess glucose to sequester it - liver becomes blood glucose buffer
For proteins and lipids from ER to plasma membrane - lysosomes and secretory vesicles
Read from a fixed starting point as a continuous sequence of bases
Common metabolites like pyruvate and acetyl CoA and excess NH4+ converted to urea and exreted


11. What does beta oxidation do and Where does it occur
Mediates chylomicron secretion
Breaks down acyl - coa to acetyl coa groups in mito
Secretion of abnl thick mucus that plugs lungs - pancreas - liver
Terminal regions - tropocollagen


12. What collagen type is most frequently affected in ehlers danlos and What are common complications
III - joint dislocation - anuerysms - organ rupture
Binds to LDL receptor - mediates VLDL secretion
Pyruvate to oxaloacetate (3C to 4C)
Coenzyme A - lipoamide


13. central and peripheral demyelination with ataxia and dementia
Vit K antagonist
Metachromatic leukodystrophy - arylsulfatase A - cerebroside sulfate AR
Proline and lysine - vit C
APKD1 on chromosome 16


14. In which structures do you find microtubules
Wrinkles and acne
Orotic acid to UMP
Flagella - cilia - mitotic spindles
Inc intestinal absorption fo calcium and phosphate - inc bone resorption


15. developmental delay - gargoylism - airway obstruction - corneal clouding - hepatosplenomegaly
Hurlers syndrome - alpha L iduronidase - heparan sulfate/dermatan sulfate - AR
Disease
2 pyruvate - 2ATP - 2NADH - 2H+ - 2H2O
More than 1 codon may code for the same amino acid


16. What is the result of vit B5 def
Carnitine shuttle - acyl - coa from cyto to mito
Tryptophan
Tay- Sachs - hexosaminidase A - GM2 ganglioside - AR
Dermatitis - enteritis - alopecia - adrenal insuff


17. Why is albinism inheritnace varialbe due to...
Conversion of NE to epi
Sever atherosclerotic disease early in life - and tendon xanthomas on the achilles - MI may develop before 20
Locus heterogeneity - ocular albinism is x- linked recessive
Initial is heterogenous nuclear RNA - the capped and tailed is called mRNA


18. What is the function of Zinc
Metachromatic leukodystrophy - arylsulfatase A - cerebroside sulfate AR
Essential for the activity of over 100+ enzymes - important in the formatio of zinc fingers -
FISH
Excess ATP - dATP - feeback inhibits ribonucleotide reductase - no DNA synthesis


19. What are ketone bodies made from - where are they metabolized and how are they excreted
Familial hypercholesterolemia - hyperlipidemia type IIA
HMG- CoA - brain to 2 molecules of acetyl - Coa - excreted in urine
Hepatic overproduction of VLDL causing pancreatitis - elvelated TGs and VLDL
Marasmus - muscle wasting


20. benign asymptomatic condition with elevated levels of fructose in urine and blood - dz and enzyme
Essential fructosuria - fructokinase AR
Early in life - AR - inability to synthesize lipoproteins due to def in apoB100 and B48 - intestinal biopsy shows accumulation within enterocytes due to inability to export absorbed lipid as chylomicrons - failure to thrive - steatorrhea - acanthocyt
Inhibits the Na/K pump by binding the K side
LCAT (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase)


21. In what direction are DNA and RNA synthesized

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


22. What shape does the RNA generate during splicing and why?
Pyruvate - NAD+ - CoA
Lariat shape in order and remove intron precisely and join 2 exons
Removes phosphate group from substrate
Must be both activated and inactivated for cell cycle to progress


23. In what cell is collagen synthesis initiated
Meiotic nondisjunction of homologous chromosomes (associated with advanced maternal age) leading to trisomy 21
Fibroblast
Von Gierke's - Pompe - Cori - McArdle
Hurlers syndrome - alpha L iduronidase - heparan sulfate/dermatan sulfate - AR


24. pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes what rxn
Collagen
Pyruvate to oxaloacetate (3C to 4C)
Cystic medial necrosis of aorta leading to aortic incompetence and dissecting aortic aneurysms - floppy mitral valve - subluxation of lenses
Only processed RNA


25. protein malnutrition resulting in skin lesions - edema and liver malfxn
Mediates chylomicron secretion
After citruline
Kwashiorkor - small child with swollen belly
Nissl body - enzyme and NTs


26. What does glycosylation of pro alpha chian yield and What is the structure
Inc melt - dec fluidity
ATP hyrdolysis couple to energetically unfavorable rxns
Procollagen - triple helix of 3 alpha collagen chains
Gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on various proteins concerned with blood clotting - synthesized in intestinal flora


27. What are the only purely ketogenic amino acids
Lysine and leucine
Catalase positive (catalase neg produce H2O2 the cell can use) like S. aureus or aspergillus
Vincritsine/vinblastine
Neg to pos


28. What does a decrease in decrease in NADPH lead to and why
Poor defense from oxidizing agents - fava beans - sulfonamides - primaquine - antituberclosis drugs leadig to hemolytic anemia.
Aberrant 3rd and 4th branchial arches causing 22q11 deletion - cleft palate - abnl facies - thymic dysplasia - cardiac defects - hypocalcemia secondary to parathyroid aplasia
Disease
Loss of brush border enzyme causing bloating - cramps - osmotic diarrhea


29. What do neurofilaments stain for
Neurons
Assistance of upper extremities to stand up
APKD1 on chromosome 16
Mediates extra remnant take up


30. what happens in acyl coa dehyrdogenase def
Exerts a dominant effect - a heterozygote produces a nonfxnal altered protein that also prevents the normal gene from functioning - mutation of Tx factor its allosteric site - nonfxning mutant can still bind DNA - preventing wild type Tx from binding
Glycogen phosphorylase
Inc dicarboxylic acids - dec in glucose and ketones
Anabolic processes as a supply of reducing equivalents


31. What creates the musty body odor in PKU
Disorder of aromatic amino acid metabolism
Acetyl - CoA carboxylase (ACC)
Faulty collagen synthesis - hyperextensible skin - tendency to bleed - easy bruising - hypermobile joints
Lebers hereditary optic neuropathy - degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and axons - leads to acute loss of central vision. Mitochondrial myopathies


32. Mild Hurlurs + aggressive behavior no corneal clouding
9+2 arrangement of microtubules
Hunters - iduronate sulfatase - heparan sulfate/dermatan sulfate - XR
Base + ribose
One


33. What does high cholesterol or long saturated fatty acid content do to the melting temperature and fluidity
Phosphofructokinase 1
Inc melt - dec fluidity
Severity of disease worsens or age of onset of disease is earlier in succeeding generations - huntingtons
Occurs when cells in the body have different genetic makeup - can be germline mosaic - which may produce a disease that is not carried by parents somatic cells - lyonization - random X inactivation in females


34. What is Retin A used topically for
Prokaryotic only - degrades RNA primer and fills in the gap with DNA
Wrinkles and acne
Collagen
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausens disease)


35. Outside the fibroblast What part of procollagen is cleaved and What is it transformed into
Creat a nick in the helix to relieave supercoils created during replication
Hepatic overproduction of VLDL causing pancreatitis - elvelated TGs and VLDL
Marfans
Terminal regions - tropocollagen


36. In a marathon Where does energy come from
Reticulin - skin - blood vessels - uterus - fetal tissue - granulation tissue
Glycogen and FFA oxidation; glucose conserved for final sprinting
Terminal regions - tropocollagen
Kidney - ears - eyes


37. Which amino acids are elastin rich in
Dermatitis - alopecia - enteritis
F16BP
Proline and glycine (non glycosylated forms)
Plasma membrane - 3Na out - 2K in - ATP on cytoplasmic side


38. What do the single stranded binding proteins do
D2 = ergocalciferol - ingested from plants D3 = cholecalciferol - ingested from milk - formed in sun exposed skin
Never go to G0 - divide rapidly with a short G1 - bone marrow - gut epi - skin - hair follicles
Prevent strands from reannealing
Lungs - large arteries - elastic ligaments - vocal cords - ligamenta flava - stretch.


39. How does ouabain work
Change resulting in misreading of all nucleotides downstream - usually resulting in a truncated nonfxnal protein
Fatty acid oxidation - acetyl - Coa production - TCA cycle - OXPHOS
Rotenone - CN- - antimycin A - CO
Inhibits the Na/K pump by binding the K side


40. What are the characteristics of prader willi syndrome How does it occur
Assistance of upper extremities to stand up
DTMP
Nucleotide excision repair - xeroderma pigmentosum; unable to repair thymidine dimers caused by UV light
Mental retardation - hyperphagia - obesity - hypogonadism - hypotonia - deletion of normally active paternal allele on chromosome 15


41. inc glycogen in muscle but can't break it down - painful muscle cramps - myglobinuria with strenuous exercise - dz and enzyme

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


42. What is the amino acid precursor for GABA and glutathione
SnRNPs
Removal of N or C termal propeptides from zymogens to generate mature proteins
Pompe's lysosomal alpha 1 -4 glucosidase (acid maltase) (pompe trashes the pump; heart - liver - muscle)
Glutamate


43. What does the golgi do to sugars in proteoglycans and of selected tyrosine on proteins
CAG - 4
Sulfation
Alpha 1 -4 glucosidase
Hunters - iduronate sulfatase - heparan sulfate/dermatan sulfate - XR


44. What two rxns in in glycolysis require ATP
Glucose 6P to CO2 - 2NADPH - ribulose 5P - G6PD - rate limiting step
Malabsorption (sprue - enteritis) lack of intrinsic factor from pernicious anemia - gastric bypass surgery or absence of terminal ileum as in Crohns
Glucose to G-6P - hexokinase and fructose -6P to fructose 1 -6 BP phosphofructokinase -1
Acetyl - CoA carboxylase (ACC)


45. What does degenerate/rundant genetic code refer to...
AR disorder characterized by defective neutral amino acid transporte on renal and intestinal epith cells
Microarrays
More than 1 codon may code for the same amino acid
CAG


46. What does DNA poly III do?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


47. What is the prevalence of an X- linked recessive disease in males and in females
Kidney - ears - eyes
Q -
Paclitaxel
Nissl body - enzyme and NTs


48. nucleotide repeat for fragile x
Arginine
CGG
1 -25 OH2 D3 = calcitriol
Meiotic nondisjunction of homologous chromosomes (associated with advanced maternal age) leading to trisomy 21


49. What is the RDE of gluconeogenesis
Histidine
Epithelial cells
Retardation - self mutilation - aggression - hyperuricemia - gout - choreoathetosis
Fructose 1 -6 bisphosphate


50. Name as many x- linked recessive disorders as you can

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183