Test your basic knowledge |

Biochemistry

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What converts NE to epi
Bone - skin - tendon - dentin - fascia - cornea - late wound repair
Phenylethamolamine N methyl transferase
Inc intake of ketogenic nutrients - high in fact content or inc lysine or leucine
Stop codon is recognized by release factor - and completed protein is released from ribosome

2. How does insulin inhibit glycogenolysis
Phosphofructokinase 1
Propionyl - CoA to methylmalonyl - CoA (3C to 4C)
Palate - facial and cardiac defects
Receptor tyrosine kinases - protein phosphatase - takes phosphate off glycogen phosphorylase kinase inactivating it

3. Very Poor Carbohydrate Metabolism stands for 4 of the glycogen storage diseases - What are thy

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

4. bilateral acoustic schwannomas - juvenile cataracts
NF2 on chromosome 22
Wrinkles and acne
Acetly- CoA - CO2 - NADH
Stop codon is recognized by release factor - and completed protein is released from ribosome

5. What is the mutation in beckers muscular dystrophy - What is the severity and time of onset
40 - 60 - 80
Epithelial cells
Acetyl - CoA
Mutated dystrophin gene - less severe - adolescence

6. Type II cartilage
Phenytoin - MTX - and sulfonamides
CarTWOlage
Acetyl - CoA to malonyl - CoA (2C to 3C)
Unwinds DNA template at replcation fork

7. What amino acid makes up most of the octamer
Site of steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and poisons
Phenylethamolamine N methyl transferase
Gaucher's - beta glucocerebrosidase - glucocerebrosie - AR
Lysine and arginine

8. What are the findings in PKU
Mental retardation - growth retardation - seizures - fair skin - eczema - musty body odor
Disease
NAD+
Accelearted muscle breakdown

9. What are the complications/signs of familial hypercholesterolemia
Heme synthesis - urea cycle and gluconeogenesis - HUGs take two
Inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and contributes to hangover symptoms
Sever atherosclerotic disease early in life - and tendon xanthomas on the achilles - MI may develop before 20
Progressive hreditary nephritis and deafness - associated with occular disturbances - due to abnl type IV collagen - usually x- linked recessive

10. How is vit D stored
ATPase that links peripheral 9 doublets and causes bending of cilium by differential sliding of doublets
FAP
25OHD3
Sever atherosclerotic disease early in life - and tendon xanthomas on the achilles - MI may develop before 20

11. What catacholamine step is SAM required for
Neurons
VLDL
In cytosol - oxaloacetate to phosphenolpyruvate - requires GTP
Conversion of NE to epi

12. What do the single stranded binding proteins do
Prevent strands from reannealing
Alanine
Pompe's lysosomal alpha 1 -4 glucosidase (acid maltase) (pompe trashes the pump; heart - liver - muscle)
Tay- Sachs - hexosaminidase A - GM2 ganglioside - AR

13. What causes Edwards syndrome and What is it
Trisomy 18 - severe mental retardation - rocker bottom feet - micrognathia - low set ears - clenched hands - prominent occiput - congenital heart disease - death usually within the first year
CO2 + NH4 needs carbamoyl phosphate synthase I - in the mitochondria
Cleft palate - cardiac abnl - pregs test
Phosphorylation - glycosylation - hydroxylation

14. colon becomes covered witih adenomatous polyps after puberty - progresses to colon cancer unless resected
FAP
Pseudomonas and s aureus
HGPRT - defective purine salvage - excess uric acid production
Catalase positive (catalase neg produce H2O2 the cell can use) like S. aureus or aspergillus

15. What does the golgi apparatus do on asparagine
Inc intake of ketogenic nutrients - high in fact content or inc lysine or leucine
Accelearted muscle breakdown
Modifies N- oligosaccharides
Neural tube

16. What is the order of severity for the different types of mutations
Glucose 6P to CO2 - 2NADPH - ribulose 5P - G6PD - rate limiting step
Makes RNA primer on which DNA poly III can initiate replication
Ca/calmodulin in muscle to coordinate with muscle activity
Nonsense > missense > silent

17. inc glycogen in muscle but can't break it down - painful muscle cramps - myglobinuria with strenuous exercise - dz and enzyme

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

18. What is anticipation and give an example
Inhibits EtOH dehydrogenase and is an antidote for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning
Glycine
Inhibits lipoic acid - vomiting - rice water stools - garlic breath
Severity of disease worsens or age of onset of disease is earlier in succeeding generations - huntingtons

19. How many ATP are created by aerobic metabolism of glucose in the heart and liver via what shuttle
32 - malate aspartate shuttle
Inhibits the Na/K pump by binding the K side
Catalase positive (catalase neg produce H2O2 the cell can use) like S. aureus or aspergillus
NAD+

20. What produces NADPH
Acetyl - CoA carboxylase (ACC)
Hurlers syndrome - alpha L iduronidase - heparan sulfate/dermatan sulfate - AR
HMP shunt
Passed to glutamate - then to alanine enters blood - enters liver - coverted to pyruvate and transfers ammonium back to glutamate which gives it to the urea cycle

21. What happens with dry beriberi
Adds an inorganic phosphate onto substrate without using ATP
Silencers
Degradation of TG remaining in IDL
Polyneuritis - symmetrical muscle wasting

22. What other inflammatory process can induce a hemolytic anemia in NADPH defieicnt patients
Converted to THF - a coenzyme for one - carbon transfer/methylation reactions - important for synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA
In ER - glucose 6- P to glucose
Alkaptonuria - may have debiliating arthralgias
Infection - free radicals generated by inflammatory response

23. Patients with chronic granulomatous disease are at increased risk of infection From which kind of organisms
Catalase positive (catalase neg produce H2O2 the cell can use) like S. aureus or aspergillus
Assistance of upper extremities to stand up
Excess ATP - dATP - feeback inhibits ribonucleotide reductase - no DNA synthesis
Cobalamin - cofactor of homocysteine and methyltransferase - methylmalonyl CoA mutase

24. What is the RDE of cholesterol synthesis
Flagella - cilia - mitotic spindles
HMG- CoA reductase
Aldolase B - AR - fructose 1P accumulates causing a dec in availabel phosphate which inhibts glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis leading to hypoglycemia - cirrhosis - jaundice and vomiting
Phenylalanine hydroxylase - tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor

25. What is the treatment for dec affinity of cystathionine synthase for pyroxidal phosphate
Acetly- CoA - CO2 - NADH
Pompe's lysosomal alpha 1 -4 glucosidase (acid maltase) (pompe trashes the pump; heart - liver - muscle)
Inc vit B6
Specific glycosylases - AP endonuclease

26. What is DNA cloning and How do you do it?
Glucose 6 phosphatase
Fed
Genetic code is conserved throughout evolution - except for mito - archaebacteria - mycoplasma - and some yeast
Production of a recombinant DNA molecule that is self perpetuating - plasmids - selection - restriction enzyme cleavage - tissue mRNA with reverse transcriptase to make cDNA

27. Which anti breast cancer drugs work on micortubules
Glycogenolysis to form glucose
For proteins and lipids from ER to plasma membrane - lysosomes and secretory vesicles
Cobalamin - cofactor of homocysteine and methyltransferase - methylmalonyl CoA mutase
Paclitaxel

28. What does beta oxidation do and Where does it occur
Peroxide
Tyrosine
Breaks down acyl - coa to acetyl coa groups in mito
Glycogenolysis to form glucose

29. How many ATP are created by aerobic metobolism of glucose in muslce via what shuttle
N- acteylcysteine - cleave disulfide bonds within mucus glycoproteins
Acetoacetate and beta hydroxybutyrate
Karyotyping
30 - glycerol -3- phosphate shuttle

30. How does warfarin work
Muscle
Vit K antagonist
4 under the floor
Protein kinase A

31. What is the source of energy in the fasting state between meals
Malabsorption and steatorrhea (ADEK)
Hepatic glycogenolysis >> hepatic gluconeogenesis > adipose release of FFA
Liver hepatocytes and steroid producing cells of the adrenal cortex
Convulsions - hyperirritability - peripheral neuropathy - deficiency inducible by INH and oral contraceptives - sideroblastic anemais

32. What apolipoproteins are on IDL
B100 and E
Marasmus - muscle wasting
Autosomal recessive diseases
Collagen

33. Where is EtOH dehydrogenase located
Read from a fixed starting point as a continuous sequence of bases
Cytosol
Convulsions - hyperirritability - peripheral neuropathy - deficiency inducible by INH and oral contraceptives - sideroblastic anemais
Inc CPK and muscle biopsy

34. What is the RDE of ketogenesis
GAA
HMG- CoA synthase
Liver and beta cells of pancreas - low affinity - high Km - high capacity - high Vmax - induced by insulin
Riboflavin - cofactor in oxidation and reduction (FAD and FMN are derived from riboflavin)

35. What are the water soluble vitamins - which ones are stored
Anabolic processes as a supply of reducing equivalents
B(1 - 2 - 3 - 5 - 6 - 12) C - biotin and folate (B12 and folate are stored)
Disease
Niacin - constituent of NAD and NADP - derived from tryptophan

36. central and peripheral demyelination with ataxia and dementia
DsRNA promotes degradation of target mRNA knocking down gene expression
Metachromatic leukodystrophy - arylsulfatase A - cerebroside sulfate AR
Liver hepatocytes and steroid producing cells of the adrenal cortex
O- oligosaccharaides

37. How do you diagnose CFTR
Anabolic processes like steroid and fatty acid synthesis - respiratory burst - P-450 - glutathione reductase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Inc Cl - in sweat
3 NADH - 1 FADH2 - 2 CO2 - 1 GTP = 12 ATP (x2 per glucose)

38. Which amino acids are elastin rich in
Proline and glycine (non glycosylated forms)
Cori's - debranching enzyme alpha 1 -6 glucosidase - gluconeogenesis intact
Eu - methionine - pro - formyl - methionine
CG- 3 > AT-2 - More CG content - melting point goes up

39. ADPKD is associated with What additional conditions
Paclitaxel
Inc vit B6
Polycystic liver disease - berry aneurysm - mitral valve prolapse
Protective against malaria

40. What does glycosylation of pro alpha chian yield and What is the structure
Inc NADH/NAD ratio in liver - causing diversion of pyruvate to lactate and OAA to malate - inhibiting gluconeogenesis and stimulating fatty acid synthesis. Leads to hypoglycemia and hepatic fatty liver change seen in chronic EtOH users
Cystine kidney stones - cystine staghorn calculi - cystine is made of two cysteines connected by disulfide bond
If pt inherits or develops a mutation in a tumor suppresor gene - the complementary allele must be deleted/mutated before cancer develops - not true of oncogenes - retinoblastoma
Procollagen - triple helix of 3 alpha collagen chains

41. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex serves In what reaction: products
Never go to G0 - divide rapidly with a short G1 - bone marrow - gut epi - skin - hair follicles
B12 and folate
Acetly- CoA - CO2 - NADH
Familial hypercholesterolemia - hyperlipidemia type IIA

42. what gene is implicated in fragile X syndrome - and What is the mutation
FMR1 gene - methylation - associated with chromosomal breakage
Depletes alpha - ketoglutarate leading to inhibition of TCA cycle - tremor slurring of speech - somnolence - vomiting - cerebral edema - blurring of vision
OTC has hyperammonemia - orotic aciduira does not
Fasting

43. What are cyclin - CDK complexes
Y shaped region along the DNA template where leading nad lagging strands are synthesized
CAG
Must be both activated and inactivated for cell cycle to progress
Pyruvate carboxylase - PEP carboxykinase - fructose 1 -6 biphosphatase - glucose 6 phosphatase

44. What is the RDE of fatty acid oxidation
Meiotic nondisjunction of homologous chromosomes (associated with advanced maternal age) leading to trisomy 21
Tay- Sachs - hexosaminidase A - GM2 ganglioside - AR
Carnitine acyltransferase I
Inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and contributes to hangover symptoms

45. NADPH are used In what 4 things
Anabolic processes like steroid and fatty acid synthesis - respiratory burst - P-450 - glutathione reductase
Aminoacyl - tRNA binds A site - ribosomal rRNA catalyzes peptide bond formation - transfers growing peptide to AA in A site - ribosome advances 3 nucTIDE toward 3' end of RNA - moving peptidyl RNA to P side
ATPase that links peripheral 9 doublets and causes bending of cilium by differential sliding of doublets
BOne

46. What is proteasomal degredation
Williams syndrome
They yield only acetyl - CoA equivalents
Attachment of ubiquitin to defective proteins tag them for breakdown
Lack of proper dietary therapy during pregnancy leading to microcephaly - mental retardation growth retardation - congenital heart defects

47. congenital microdeletion of short arm of chromosome 5 with microcephaly - moderate to severe mental retardation - high pitched crying/meying - epicanthal folds - cardiac abnl
They yield only acetyl - CoA equivalents
Cri du chat
Enhancers
Citrate - acetyl coa from mito to cyto

48. Where is vit B12 found
Animal products - synthesized only by microorganisms - large reserve pool - mainly in liver
Hyperlipidemia
Protein kinase A
Glutamate

49. What does apoCII do
Infection - free radicals generated by inflammatory response
Inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and contributes to hangover symptoms
Cofactor for LPL
Lungs - large arteries - elastic ligaments - vocal cords - ligamenta flava - stretch.

50. What test is used for B12 def
RER
Malabsorption and steatorrhea (ADEK)
Schilling test
Protein kinase A