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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
Market Structure
Vertical Merger
Bertrand oligopoly
Conglomerate Merger
2. If buyers have enough bargaining power - they can insist on lower prices - higher-quality products - or additional services
No cooperative equilibrium
Payoff matrix
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Non-price competition
3. The percentage of the total industry sales accounted for by the four largest firms in the industry. OUTPUT of 4 largest firms over TOTAL output in industry. C4=(S1+...+S4)/St or (w1+...+w4)
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Four-firm concentration ratio
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Cutthroat Competition
4. Operates like the alleged Mafia. Region division of the market among the firms in the industry
Vertical Merger
Non-cooperative behavior
Open Collusion
Business strategy
5. Rules - strategies - payoffs - outcomes
What is game?
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Competitive market
Payoff matrix
6. Revenue-Costs
Sweezy oligopoly
Simultaneous-move game
Kinked demand curve model
Profit
7. Pricing strategy in which a firm optimally sets the internal price at which an upstream division wells an input to a downstream division
Transfer pricing
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Socially optimal price
Homogenous oligopoly
8. A product's ability to satisfy a large number of consumers at the same time
Simultaneous decision games
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Simultaneous consumption
Cutthroat Competition
9. A table showing - for every possible combination of decisions players can make - the outcomes or "payoffs" for each of the players in each decision combination
Network effects
Cooperative equilibrium
Merger
Payoff table
10. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Cooperation
Joint Venture
Kinked-demand curve
11. Using advertising and other means to try to increase a firm's sales
Non-price competition
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Follower
Mixed (randomized) strategy
12. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Nash equilibrium
Merger
Indefinitely repeated game
13. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Common knowledge
Two-part pricing
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Repeated game
14. Sellers can identify different types of customers and offer each a different price. Examples are special prices for students or the elderly
Price matching
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Peak-load pricing
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
15. Competition based on factors that are not related to price - such as product quality - service and financing - business location - and reputation
Rothschild index
Patent
Nonprime competition
Third-degree price discrimination
16. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Mutual interdependence
Simultaneous-move game
Joint Venture
Inter-industry competition
17. A situation where one firm is able to provide a service at a lower cost than could several competing firms
Cournot equilibrium
Profit
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Inter-industry competition
18. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
Cross-subsidy pricing
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Conglomerate Merger
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
19. If many firms can supply an input and the input is not specialized - the suppliers are unlikely to have the bargaining power to limit a firm's profits
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Differentiated oligopoly
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Oligopoly
20. The players end up worse off than they would if they were able to cooperate; -the pursuit of self-interest does not promote the social interest in these games
Disappearing invisible hand
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Oligopoly
Cross-subsidy pricing
21. Marginal cost curve above average variable cost - P* = SRMC
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Monopolistic Competition
Sequential-move game
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
22. If production of a good requires a particular input - then control of that input can be a barrier to entry
Price discrimination
Non-price competition
No cooperative equilibrium
Ownership of a Key Input
23. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Cooperation
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Peak-load pricing
Cutthroat Competition
24. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Kinked demand curve model
Prisoners' dilemma
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Competitive market
25. Occurs when a firm produces output - whatever its level - at a higher cost than is necessary to produce it
Cournot equilibrium
Inefficiency
Market Structure
Common knowledge
26. Maximize economic profit by producing the quantity at which MC=MR
Cooperation
Economies of scale
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
27. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Sweezy oligopoly
Inefficiency
Lerner index
Cooperation
28. A representation of a game that summarizes the players - the information available to them at each stage - the strategies available to them - the sequence of moves - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Import competition
Covert Collusion
Extensive-form game
Limit price
29. A situation in which no one wants to change his or her behavior
Equilibrium
Brand Multiplication
Non-rivalrous consumption
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
30. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Oligopoly
Mutual interdependence
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Fair return price
31. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Product Differentiation
Third-degree price discrimination
Mutual Interdependence
Cheating
32. Produce identical products
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Non-cooperative behavior
Lerner index
Cournot oligopoly
33. Variations on one good so that a firm can increase market sharea
Strategic behavior
Brand Multiplication
Randomized pricing
Inter-industry competition
34. An equilibrium in a game in which players cooperate to increase their mutual payoff
Collusion
Transfer pricing
Cooperative equilibrium
Market
35. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Double marginalization
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Collusion
Monopoly (characteristics)
36. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Monopolistic Competition
Cooperative equilibrium
Payoff
Strategy
37. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Normal-form game
Price matching
Cheating
Finding profit for oligopoly games
38. Toothpaste - shampoo - restaurants - banks
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Product Differentiation
39. Cooperation among firms that does not involve an explicit agreement
Cutthroat Competition
Strategy
Tacit collusion
Price discrimination
40. In game theory - benefit obtained by party that moves first in a sequential game
First-mover advantage
Disappearing invisible hand
Import competition
Repeated game
41. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a differentiated product
Merger
Block pricing
Network effects
Differentiated oligopoly
42. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Repeated game
Brand Multiplication
Common knowledge
Sequential-move game
43. When the decisions of two or more firms significantly affect each others' profits
Interdependence
Profit
Strategic behavior
Cooperative equilibrium
44. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
Rent-seeking behavior
One-shot game
Product differentiation
Price discrimination
45. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
First-mover advantage
Randomized pricing
High Price Elasticity
Basis for Product Differentiation
46. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Socially optimal price
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Present Value (PV)
47. When each firm has an incentive to cheat - but both are worse off if both cheat -- illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficial to do so
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48. Simultaneous move game that is not repeated
First-mover advantage
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
One-shot game
49. When a manager makes a noncooperative decision
Double marginalization
Tacit collusion
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Cheating
50. Involves price-fixing
Pure monopoly
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Joint Venture
Covert Collusion