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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
Basis for Product Differentiation
Market Structure
Interdependence
Payoff matrix
2. Game in which each player makes decisions without knowledge of the other player's decisions
Transfer pricing
Non-price competition
Vertical Merger
Simultaneous-move game
3. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Third-degree price discrimination
Undifferentiated
Strategic behavior
Tit-for-tat strategy
4. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
Mutual Interdependence
Payoff
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Price matching
5. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Limit price
Homogenous oligopoly
Vertical Merger
Cooperation
6. Ignoring the effects of their actions on each others' profits
Monopolistic Competition
Vertical Merger
Common knowledge
Non-cooperative behavior
7. Cooperation among firms that does not involve an explicit agreement
Ownership of a Key Input
Non-rivalrous consumption
Price discrimination
Tacit collusion
8. A situation in which neither firm has incentive to change its output given the other firm's output
Cournot equilibrium
Marginal Revenue
Nash equilibrium
Simultaneous consumption
9. Specific assets - Economies of scale - Excess capacity - Reputation effects
Common knowledge
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Barrier to entry
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
10. A situation in which competing firms must make their individual decisions without knowing the decisions of their rivals
Third-degree price discrimination
Limit pricing
Simultaneous decision games
Economies of scale
11. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Contestable market
Lerner index
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
12. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
Reservation Price
Vertical Merger
Ownership of a Key Input
Interdependence
13. Operates like the alleged Mafia. Region division of the market among the firms in the industry
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Examples of Oligopoly
Open Collusion
14. The players end up worse off than they would if they were able to cooperate; -the pursuit of self-interest does not promote the social interest in these games
Mutual interdependence
Examples of Oligopoly
Disappearing invisible hand
Simultaneous-move game
15. One large firm that has a significant cost advantage over many other - smaller competing firms; -the large firm operates as a monopoly: setting price and output to maximize profit; -the small firms act as perfect competitors: taking as given the mar
Implicit Collusion
Patent
Cooperative equilibrium
Dominant firm oligopoly
16. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Monopoly (characteristics)
Cournot oligopoly
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Repeated game
17. An industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce differentiated products; (3) each firm believes rivals will respond to price reductions but will not follow price increases; and (4) barriers to entry exist
Undifferentiated
Sweezy oligopoly
Price discrimination
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
18. A measure of the sensitivity to price of a product group as a whole relative to the sensitivity of the quantity demanded of a single firm to a change in its price. R=Et/Ef
Mutual Interdependence
Collusion
Rothschild index
Peak-load pricing
19. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
One-shot game
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Monopoly (characteristics)
Peak-load pricing
20. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Repeated game
Tacit collusion
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Open Collusion
21. A firm whose price decisions are tacitly accepted and followed by others in the industry
High Price Elasticity
Kinked-demand curve
Mutual Interdependence
Price Leadership
22. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Oligopoly
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Rent-seeking behavior
Double marginalization
23. In game theory - a decision rule that describes the actions a player will take at each decision point
Strategy
Covert Collusion
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Economies of scale
24. Actions taken by a firm to achieve a goal - such as maximizing profits
Business strategy
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Sequential-move game
Non-rivalrous consumption
25. A situation in which no one wants to change his or her behavior
Empty threat
Equilibrium
Simultaneous decision games
Dominant strategy
26. A product's ability to satisfy a large number of consumers at the same time
Differentiated oligopoly
Market Structure
Interdependence
Simultaneous consumption
27. A representation of a game indicating the players - their possible strategies - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Sequential-move game
Normal-form game
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Sweezy oligopoly
28. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Covert Collusion
Fair return price
Collusion
Sequential game
29. An attempt by a firm to convince buyers that its product is different from the products of other firms in the industry
Follower
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Examples of Oligopoly
Product differentiation
30. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Bargaining Power of Buyers
31. Identical or substitutable
Profit
Monopoly (characteristics)
Payoff table
Undifferentiated
32. A measure of the difference between price and marginal cost as a fraction of the product's price. L=(P-MC)/P - refactoring gives: P=MC(1/(1-L)) - which gives us the "1/(1-L)" markup factor
Payoff matrix
Reservation Price
Lerner index
Open Collusion
33. A table showing - for every possible combination of decisions players can make - the outcomes or "payoffs" for each of the players in each decision combination
Cooperation
Payoff table
Simultaneous-move game
Extensive-form game
34. A strategy or action that always provides the best outcome no matter what decisions rivals make
Simultaneous consumption
Block pricing
Common knowledge
Dominant strategy
35. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Third-degree price discrimination
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Sequential-move game
36. Using advertising and other means to try to increase a firm's sales
Barrier to entry
Non-price competition
Double marginalization
Dominant strategy
37. A strategy that guarantees the highest payoff given the worst possible scenario
Reservation Price
Secure strategy
Profit
Cournot oligopoly
38. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Cross-subsidy pricing
Implicit Collusion
Price war
Cutthroat Competition
39. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent by one party that the other party views as believable-- "if you do this - we will do that"
Price discrimination
Credible threat
Follower
Non-price competition
40. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent easily dismissed by recipient because threat not considered believable
Leader
Tacit collusion
Third-degree price discrimination
Empty threat
41. A table that shows the payoffs for every possible action by each player for every possible action by the other player
Imperfect competition
Payoff matrix
Extensive-form game
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
42. A situation where one firm is able to provide a service at a lower cost than could several competing firms
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Merger
Sweezy oligopoly
Inefficiency
43. The physical characteristics of the market within which firms interact
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Equilibrium
Market Structure
Extensive-form game
44. The smallest quantity at which the average cost curve reaches its minimum
Non-price competition
Concentration Ratio
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
What is game?
45. A game that is played over and over again forever and in which players receive payoffs during each play of the game
Indefinitely repeated game
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Reservation Price
Strategic behavior
46. Maximize economic profit by producing the quantity at which MC=MR
Monopoly (characteristics)
First-mover advantage
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
47. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
Covert Collusion
Simultaneous consumption
Conglomerate Merger
Strategic behavior
48. The maximum price that a buyer is willing to pay for a good - or the minimum price that a seller will accept
Rothschild index
Reservation Price
Limit pricing
Horizontal Merger/Integration
49. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Price discrimination
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Randomized pricing
50. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
Joint Venture
Competitive market
Conglomerate Merger
Mixed (randomized) strategy