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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when a firm produces output - whatever its level - at a higher cost than is necessary to produce it
Inefficiency
Contestable market
Normal-form game
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
2. Single firm is sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes
Simultaneous consumption
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Strategy
Pure monopoly
3. An equilibrium in a game in which players cooperate to increase their mutual payoff
Disappearing invisible hand
Cooperative equilibrium
Interdependence
Normal-form game
4. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a standardized product
Pure monopoly
Homogenous oligopoly
Joint Venture
Open Collusion
5. In game theory - game where parties make their moves in turn - one party making the first move followed by the other
Brand Multiplication
Sequential game
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Simultaneous consumption
6. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Limit pricing
Cooperation
Transfer pricing
Collusion
7. When managers are able to charge each consumer their reservation price. Examples are car and home sales
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Network effects
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Monopoly (characteristics)
8. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Sequential-move game
Collusion
Simultaneous decision games
Cournot oligopoly
9. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent easily dismissed by recipient because threat not considered believable
Normal-form game
Non-rivalrous consumption
Disappearing invisible hand
Empty threat
10. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Double marginalization
Fair return price
Economies of scale
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
11. Competition based on factors that are not related to price - such as product quality - service and financing - business location - and reputation
Network effects
Tacit collusion
Nonprime competition
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
12. A situation where one firm is able to provide a service at a lower cost than could several competing firms
Concentration Ratio
Market
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Equilibrium
13. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Ownership of a Key Input
Cutthroat Competition
Repeated game
Peak-load pricing
14. Pricing strategy in which consumers are charged a fixed fee for the right to purchase a product - plus a per-unit charge for each unit purchased
Two-part pricing
Product Differentiation
Prisoners' dilemma
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
15. A situation in which neither firm has incentive to change its output given the other firm's output
Peak-load pricing
Cournot equilibrium
Simultaneous consumption
Non-cooperative equilibrium
16. Produce identical products
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Network effects
Examples of Oligopoly
17. A product's ability to satisfy a large number of consumers at the same time
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Simultaneous consumption
Limit price
Bargaining Power of Buyers
18. In game theory - a decision rule that describes the actions a player will take at each decision point
Strategic behavior
Dansby-Willig performance index
Strategy
Ownership of a Key Input
19. A table showing - for every possible combination of decisions players can make - the outcomes or "payoffs" for each of the players in each decision combination
Payoff table
Patent
Dominant firm oligopoly
Basis for Product Differentiation
20. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Mutual Interdependence
Limit price
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
21. Steel - autos - colas - airlines
Disappearing invisible hand
Examples of Oligopoly
Leader
Dominant strategy equilibrium
22. Specific assets - Economies of scale - Excess capacity - Reputation effects
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Interdependence
Tit-for-tat strategy
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
23. A strategy in which a firm advertises a price and a promise to match any lower prices offered by a competitor
Brand Multiplication
Price matching
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Monopolistic Characteristics:
24. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Non-price competition
Conglomerate Merger
Normal-form game
25. A measure of market power - the percentage of all sales that is accounted for by the four or eight largest firms in the market
Sequential-move game
Concentration Ratio
Merger
Non-cooperative behavior
26. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Inefficiency
Payoff
Non-rivalrous consumption
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
27. Revenue-Costs
Trigger strategy
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Profit
Equilibrium
28. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Price discrimination
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Homogenous oligopoly
29. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Concentration Ratio
Homogenous oligopoly
Product Differentiation
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
30. Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount
Dansby-Willig performance index
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Inefficiency
31. Maximize economic profit by producing the quantity at which MC=MR
Two-part pricing
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Bertrand oligopoly
Mutual Interdependence
32. Increases in the value of a product to each user - including existing users - as the total number of users rises
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Barrier to entry
Pure monopoly
Network effects
33. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
Competitive market
Collusion
Inter-industry competition
Dominant strategy equilibrium
34. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
Mutual Interdependence
High Price Elasticity
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Open Collusion
35. The smallest quantity at which the average cost curve reaches its minimum
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Price Leadership
36. A condition describing a set of strategies that constitutes a Nash equilibrium and allows no player to improve their own payoff at any stage of the game by changing strategies
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Market
Nonprime competition
Payoff matrix
37. Pricing strategy in which identical products are packaged together in order to enhance profits by forcing customers to make an all-or-none decision to purchase
Kinked-demand curve
Block pricing
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Sweezy oligopoly
38. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Nonprime competition
Barrier to entry
Inter-industry competition
Collusion
39. Intense competition in which competitors cut retail prices to gain business--oligopolistic competition
Tacit collusion
Limit pricing
Price war
Barrier to entry
40. An index of market concentration. Sum of squared market shares of all the firms in the industry times 10K HHI=10 - 000Σwi2
Simultaneous-move game
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Double marginalization
Sequential-move game
41. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Mutual interdependence
Strategic behavior
Lerner index
42. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Cutthroat Competition
Third-degree price discrimination
Sequential game
Rothschild index
43. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Tacit collusion
Bertrand oligopoly
Cooperative equilibrium
44. Game in which each player makes decisions without knowledge of the other player's decisions
Simultaneous-move game
Examples of Oligopoly
Merger
Competitive market
45. A market in which: (1) all have access to the same technology; (2) consumers respond quickly to price changes; (3) existing firms cannot respond quickly to entry by lowering their prices; and (4) there are no sunk costs
Contestable market
Economies of scale
Transfer pricing
Third-degree price discrimination
46. Takes Place inside the Mind of the consumer
Differentiated oligopoly
Product Differentiation
Tacit collusion
Repeated game
47. Involves price-fixing
Market
Simultaneous decision games
Trigger strategy
Covert Collusion
48. The players end up worse off than they would if they were able to cooperate; -the pursuit of self-interest does not promote the social interest in these games
Bertrand oligopoly
Disappearing invisible hand
Ownership of a Key Input
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
49. A situation in which all decision makers know the payoff table - and they believe all other decision makers also know the payoff table
Simultaneous-move game
Mutual interdependence
Common knowledge
Sweezy oligopoly
50. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Oligopoly
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Third-Degree Price Discrimination