SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent easily dismissed by recipient because threat not considered believable
Inefficiency
Cheating
Empty threat
Economies of scale
2. Pricing strategy in which identical products are packaged together in order to enhance profits by forcing customers to make an all-or-none decision to purchase
Payoff matrix
Limit pricing
Competitive market
Block pricing
3. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Simultaneous-move game
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Oligopoly
Import competition
4. An establishment firm commits to setting price below the profit-maximizing level to prevent entry
Open Collusion
Patent
Limit pricing
Oligopoly
5. Rival who sets its output after the leader (Stackelberg's model)
Double marginalization
Prisoners' dilemma
Follower
Repeated game
6. If many firms can supply an input and the input is not specialized - the suppliers are unlikely to have the bargaining power to limit a firm's profits
Contestable market
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Payoff matrix
7. A situation in which no one wants to change his or her behavior
Payoff table
Basis for Product Differentiation
Equilibrium
Non-rivalrous consumption
8. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Cross-subsidy pricing
Bertrand oligopoly
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Mutual interdependence
9. Pricing strategy in which a firm optimally sets the internal price at which an upstream division wells an input to a downstream division
Brand Multiplication
High Price Elasticity
Mutual interdependence
Transfer pricing
10. A firm whose price decisions are tacitly accepted and followed by others in the industry
Price Leadership
Differentiated oligopoly
First-mover advantage
Marginal Revenue
11. When no one firm has a monopoly - but producers nonetheless realize that they can affect market prices. Firms compete but possess market power
Block pricing
Examples of Oligopoly
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Imperfect competition
12. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Repeated game
Market
Non-cooperative behavior
Unbalanced Oligopoly
13. A combination of two or more companies into one company
Cheating
Repeated game
Merger
Contestable market
14. When something can be consumed without reducing the benefits available for subsequent consumption; can be consumed without supporting rivalry between consumers
Reservation Price
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Non-rivalrous consumption
Dominant strategy equilibrium
15. The actions by persons - firms - or unions to gain special benefits from government at taxpayer's or someone else's expense
No cooperative equilibrium
Payoff table
Rent-seeking behavior
Non-rivalrous consumption
16. Game in which each player makes decisions without knowledge of the other player's decisions
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Simultaneous-move game
Dominant strategy
17. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Limit price
Price Leadership
Mutual interdependence
18. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Sequential-move game
No cooperative equilibrium
19. Single firm is sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes
One-shot game
Reservation Price
Pure monopoly
Open Collusion
20. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Cheating
Market Structure
Price war
Kinked demand curve model
21. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
Competitive market
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Tacit collusion
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
22. A measure of the sensitivity to price of a product group as a whole relative to the sensitivity of the quantity demanded of a single firm to a change in its price. R=Et/Ef
Joint Venture
Rothschild index
Undifferentiated
Normal-form game
23. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Lerner index
Mutual interdependence
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
24. Competition based on factors that are not related to price - such as product quality - service and financing - business location - and reputation
Examples of Oligopoly
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Nonprime competition
Price discrimination
25. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
No cooperative equilibrium
Monopoly (characteristics)
Payoff table
Monopolistic Competition
26. Pricing strategy in which consumers are charged a fixed fee for the right to purchase a product - plus a per-unit charge for each unit purchased
Limit price
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Two-part pricing
Collusion
27. An attempt by a firm to convince buyers that its product is different from the products of other firms in the industry
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Present Value (PV)
Product differentiation
28. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Cooperation
Collusion
Socially optimal price
Credible threat
29. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Third-degree price discrimination
Pure monopoly
Fair return price
30. Takes Place inside the Mind of the consumer
Implicit Collusion
Simultaneous decision games
Block pricing
Product Differentiation
31. A situation in which competing firms must make their individual decisions without knowing the decisions of their rivals
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Extensive-form game
Simultaneous decision games
Prisoners' dilemma
32. An equilibrium in a game in which players cooperate to increase their mutual payoff
Product Differentiation
Contestable market
Limit pricing
Cooperative equilibrium
33. The competition that domestic firms encounter from the products and services of foreign producers
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
One-shot game
Product Differentiation
Import competition
34. Actions taken by a firm to achieve a goal - such as maximizing profits
Indefinitely repeated game
Sweezy oligopoly
Rothschild index
Business strategy
35. Rules - strategies - payoffs - outcomes
Pure monopoly
Mutual interdependence
Covert Collusion
What is game?
36. In game theory - game where parties make their moves in turn - one party making the first move followed by the other
Cournot equilibrium
Bertrand oligopoly
First-mover advantage
Sequential game
37. Increases in the value of a product to each user - including existing users - as the total number of users rises
Undifferentiated
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Network effects
Stackelberg oligopoly
38. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
Mutual Interdependence
Cross-subsidy pricing
Pure monopoly
Interdependence
39. Toothpaste - shampoo - restaurants - banks
Covert Collusion
One-shot game
Limit price
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
40. When managers are able to charge each consumer their reservation price. Examples are car and home sales
Rothschild index
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Business strategy
Ownership of a Key Input
41. 1/(1+i)n
High Price Elasticity
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Present Value (PV)
Business strategy
42. The percentage of the total industry sales accounted for by the four largest firms in the industry. OUTPUT of 4 largest firms over TOTAL output in industry. C4=(S1+...+S4)/St or (w1+...+w4)
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Four-firm concentration ratio
Marginal Revenue
43. Multiple firms make the same pricing decisions even though they have not explicitly consulted with each other
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Undifferentiated
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Implicit Collusion
44. An industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce differentiated products; (3) each firm believes rivals will respond to price reductions but will not follow price increases; and (4) barriers to entry exist
Nash equilibrium
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Sweezy oligopoly
Imperfect competition
45. The situation when a firm's long-run average costs fall as it increases output
Implicit Collusion
Economies of scale
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Cournot oligopoly
46. Steel - autos - colas - airlines
Dominant strategy
Socially optimal price
High Price Elasticity
Examples of Oligopoly
47. An oligopoly in which the sales of the leading (top four) firms are distributed unevenly among them
Imperfect competition
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Reservation Price
Nonprime competition
48. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Ownership of a Key Input
Mutual interdependence
Interdependence
Double marginalization
49. The derivative of total revenue
Normal-form game
Cheating
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Marginal Revenue
50. An index of market concentration. Sum of squared market shares of all the firms in the industry times 10K HHI=10 - 000Σwi2
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Market Structure
Non-cooperative behavior
Cooperation