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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When firms limit production and raise prices in a way that raises each others' profits - even though they have not made any formal agreement
Product differentiation
Transfer pricing
Tacit collusion
Mutual Interdependence
2. A situation in which neither firm has incentive to change its output given the other firm's output
Imperfect competition
Examples of Oligopoly
Cournot equilibrium
Cooperation
3. An equilibrium in a game in which players cooperate to increase their mutual payoff
Limit pricing
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Secure strategy
Cooperative equilibrium
4. A condition describing a set of strategies that constitutes a Nash equilibrium and allows no player to improve their own payoff at any stage of the game by changing strategies
First-mover advantage
Market
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Collusion
5. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Kinked-demand curve
Bertrand oligopoly
Cutthroat Competition
Sweezy oligopoly
6. A combination of two or more companies into one company
Product differentiation
Marginal Revenue
Nonprime competition
Merger
7. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Double marginalization
Ownership of a Key Input
Price Leadership
Network effects
8. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Prisoner's dilemma
Cooperation
Concentration Ratio
9. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Lerner index
Sequential-move game
Leader
Cooperative equilibrium
10. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent by one party that the other party views as believable-- "if you do this - we will do that"
Simultaneous consumption
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Strategy
Credible threat
11. A game that is played over and over again forever and in which players receive payoffs during each play of the game
Payoff table
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Product Differentiation
Indefinitely repeated game
12. Intense competition in which competitors cut retail prices to gain business--oligopolistic competition
Price war
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Tacit collusion
13. Price of a product that enables its producer to obtain a normal profit & that is equal to the ATC of producing it
Price war
Fair return price
First-mover advantage
Concentration Ratio
14. Actions taken by a firm to achieve a goal - such as maximizing profits
Business strategy
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Prisoner's dilemma
Payoff table
15. An attempt by a firm to convince buyers that its product is different from the products of other firms in the industry
Trigger strategy
Non-rivalrous consumption
Inter-industry competition
Product differentiation
16. A representation of a game that summarizes the players - the information available to them at each stage - the strategies available to them - the sequence of moves - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Market Structure
Marginal Revenue
Extensive-form game
17. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Cheating
Tit-for-tat strategy
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Product Differentiation
18. The smallest quantity at which the average cost curve reaches its minimum
Payoff matrix
Cheating
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
19. The percentage of the total industry sales accounted for by the four largest firms in the industry. OUTPUT of 4 largest firms over TOTAL output in industry. C4=(S1+...+S4)/St or (w1+...+w4)
Disappearing invisible hand
Cross-subsidy pricing
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Four-firm concentration ratio
20. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Peak-load pricing
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Third-degree price discrimination
21. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Rothschild index
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
22. The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented
Pure monopoly
Socially optimal price
Patent
Concentration Ratio
23. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Monopolistic Competition
Two-part pricing
Homogenous oligopoly
Patent
24. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
Normal-form game
Nash equilibrium
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Imperfect competition
25. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Mutual interdependence
What is game?
Network effects
Covert Collusion
26. In game theory - game where parties make their moves in turn - one party making the first move followed by the other
One-shot game
Simultaneous decision games
Kinked demand curve model
Sequential game
27. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Mutual Interdependence
Kinked demand curve model
Commodity bundling
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
28. The players end up worse off than they would if they were able to cooperate; -the pursuit of self-interest does not promote the social interest in these games
Disappearing invisible hand
Simultaneous consumption
Two-part pricing
Implicit Collusion
29. Revenue-Costs
Cooperative equilibrium
Simultaneous decision games
Profit
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
30. The situation when a firm's long-run average costs fall as it increases output
Dominant strategy equilibrium
No cooperative equilibrium
Strategy
Economies of scale
31. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
Conglomerate Merger
Two-part pricing
Cooperation
Marginal Revenue
32. Price Sensitive
High Price Elasticity
Dansby-Willig performance index
Fair return price
Network effects
33. Ignoring the effects of their actions on each others' profits
Interdependence
Non-cooperative behavior
Non-rivalrous consumption
Inefficiency
34. In game theory - a decision rule that describes the actions a player will take at each decision point
Fair return price
Strategy
Inefficiency
What is game?
35. A measure of the sensitivity to price of a product group as a whole relative to the sensitivity of the quantity demanded of a single firm to a change in its price. R=Et/Ef
Rothschild index
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Collusion
Socially optimal price
36. The physical characteristics of the market within which firms interact
Sequential game
Market Structure
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Price discrimination
37. An establishment firm commits to setting price below the profit-maximizing level to prevent entry
Payoff
Present Value (PV)
Collusion
Limit pricing
38. A strategy or action that always provides the best outcome no matter what decisions rivals make
Dominant strategy
Implicit Collusion
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Monopolistic Competition
39. Increases in the value of a product to each user - including existing users - as the total number of users rises
Fair return price
Network effects
Undifferentiated
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
40. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Mutual Interdependence
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Market
41. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
High Price Elasticity
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Vertical Merger
Non-rivalrous consumption
42. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
What is game?
Indefinitely repeated game
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Kinked-demand curve
43. Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount
Import competition
Inefficiency
Dansby-Willig performance index
Ownership of a Key Input
44. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a standardized product
Price discrimination
Homogenous oligopoly
Network effects
Kinked demand curve model
45. Competition based on factors that are not related to price - such as product quality - service and financing - business location - and reputation
Cutthroat Competition
Dominant firm oligopoly
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Nonprime competition
46. Actions taken by firms to plan for and react to competition from rival firms
Imperfect competition
Joint Venture
Concentration Ratio
Strategic behavior
47. Maximize economic profit by producing the quantity at which MC=MR
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Ownership of a Key Input
Tacit collusion
Rent-seeking behavior
48. When managers are able to charge each consumer their reservation price. Examples are car and home sales
Tacit collusion
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Duopoly
Stackelberg oligopoly
49. When a manager makes a noncooperative decision
Payoff matrix
Dominant firm oligopoly
Indefinitely repeated game
Cheating
50. A situation in which no one wants to change his or her behavior
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Prisoners' dilemma
Equilibrium
Monopoly (characteristics)