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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
Stackelberg oligopoly
Vertical Merger
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Cutthroat Competition
2. Ignoring the effects of their actions on each others' profits
Four-firm concentration ratio
Non-cooperative behavior
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Block pricing
3. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent by one party that the other party views as believable-- "if you do this - we will do that"
Credible threat
Cooperation
Double marginalization
Pure monopoly
4. A strategy or action that always provides the best outcome no matter what decisions rivals make
Non-rivalrous consumption
Oligopoly
Dominant strategy
Stackelberg oligopoly
5. A simpler way to operationalize first-degree price discrimination
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Simultaneous-move game
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
6. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Oligopoly
Import competition
Joint Venture
Mixed (randomized) strategy
7. A strategy in which a firm advertises a price and a promise to match any lower prices offered by a competitor
Pure monopoly
Cheating
Socially optimal price
Price matching
8. Both players have dominant strategies and play them
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Peak-load pricing
Equilibrium
Sequential game
9. 1/(1+i)n
Present Value (PV)
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Covert Collusion
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
10. Pricing strategy in which a firm intentionally varies its price in an attempt to "hide" price information from consumers and rivals
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Payoff table
Randomized pricing
No cooperative equilibrium
11. Single seller in an industry - Strong barriers to entry - Profit maximization - faces market demand and sets MR=MC - Unexploited gains from trade
Rothschild index
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Monopoly (characteristics)
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
12. An equilibrium in a game in which players do not cooperate but pursue their own self-interest
No cooperative equilibrium
Indefinitely repeated game
Nonprime competition
Interdependence
13. Cooperation among firms that does not involve an explicit agreement
Sequential game
Indefinitely repeated game
Tacit collusion
Interdependence
14. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
First-mover advantage
Price matching
Socially optimal price
Joint Venture
15. Marginal cost curve above average variable cost - P* = SRMC
Dansby-Willig performance index
Repeated game
Market
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
16. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
Vertical Merger
Price Leadership
Price discrimination
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
17. The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented
Patent
Simultaneous-move game
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Implicit Collusion
18. A trigger strategy that punishes after an episode of cheating and returns to cooperation if cheating ends
Tit-for-tat strategy
No cooperative equilibrium
Two-part pricing
Import competition
19. A measure of the difference between price and marginal cost as a fraction of the product's price. L=(P-MC)/P - refactoring gives: P=MC(1/(1-L)) - which gives us the "1/(1-L)" markup factor
Four-firm concentration ratio
Brand Multiplication
Pure monopoly
Lerner index
20. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
Sequential-move game
Product Differentiation
Normal-form game
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
21. Specific assets - Economies of scale - Excess capacity - Reputation effects
Profit
No cooperative equilibrium
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Extensive-form game
22. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Concentration Ratio
Stackelberg oligopoly
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
23. The rules describe the setting of the game - the actions the players may take - and the consequences of those actions; -Advertising and R&D are also prisoners' dilemmas
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24. The percentage of the total industry sales accounted for by the four largest firms in the industry. OUTPUT of 4 largest firms over TOTAL output in industry. C4=(S1+...+S4)/St or (w1+...+w4)
Nash equilibrium
Four-firm concentration ratio
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Strategy
25. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
Tacit collusion
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Stackelberg oligopoly
Basis for Product Differentiation
26. A measure of market power - the percentage of all sales that is accounted for by the four or eight largest firms in the market
Concentration Ratio
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Block pricing
27. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Conglomerate Merger
Follower
Imperfect competition
28. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Simultaneous decision games
Commodity bundling
Mutual interdependence
Differentiated oligopoly
29. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a standardized product
Inter-industry competition
Homogenous oligopoly
Tacit collusion
Socially optimal price
30. A situation in which competing firms must make their individual decisions without knowing the decisions of their rivals
Collusion
Price war
Simultaneous decision games
Limit price
31. Identical or substitutable
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Payoff matrix
Undifferentiated
Payoff
32. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Peak-load pricing
Four-firm concentration ratio
Indefinitely repeated game
Third-degree price discrimination
33. Sets the price at the highest level that is consistent with keeping the potential entrant out. -The strategy of reducing the price to deter entry
Cournot equilibrium
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Limit pricing
Cutthroat Competition
34. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Payoff matrix
Interdependence
Limit price
Inefficiency
35. The maximum price that a buyer is willing to pay for a good - or the minimum price that a seller will accept
Transfer pricing
Reservation Price
Disappearing invisible hand
Tit-for-tat strategy
36. A table that shows the payoffs for every possible action by each player for every possible action by the other player
Equilibrium
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Payoff matrix
37. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Inter-industry competition
Price discrimination
Mutual Interdependence
38. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Commodity bundling
Sequential-move game
Business strategy
Horizontal Merger/Integration
39. A representation of a game indicating the players - their possible strategies - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Normal-form game
Credible threat
Oligopoly
40. Sellers can identify different types of customers and offer each a different price. Examples are special prices for students or the elderly
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Normal-form game
Strategy
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
41. A firm whose price decisions are tacitly accepted and followed by others in the industry
Bertrand oligopoly
No cooperative equilibrium
Two-part pricing
Price Leadership
42. Price of a product that enables its producer to obtain a normal profit & that is equal to the ATC of producing it
Product differentiation
Fair return price
Concentration Ratio
Inefficiency
43. A game that is played over and over again forever and in which players receive payoffs during each play of the game
Merger
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Non-rivalrous consumption
Indefinitely repeated game
44. A situation in which no one wants to change his or her behavior
Homogenous oligopoly
Bertrand oligopoly
Equilibrium
Cooperation
45. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Prisoners' dilemma
Brand Multiplication
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Economies of scale
46. If many firms can supply an input and the input is not specialized - the suppliers are unlikely to have the bargaining power to limit a firm's profits
Cross-subsidy pricing
Examples of Oligopoly
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Rent-seeking behavior
47. The demand curve for a non-collusive oligopolist - which is based on the assumption that rivals will match a price decrease and will ignore a price increase
Simultaneous decision games
Kinked-demand curve
Economies of scale
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
48. Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Dansby-Willig performance index
Oligopoly
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
49. A combination of two or more companies into one company
Merger
Imperfect competition
High Price Elasticity
Dominant firm oligopoly
50. The smallest quantity at which the average cost curve reaches its minimum
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
High Price Elasticity
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)