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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Kinked demand curve model
Oligopoly
Economies of scale
2. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent by one party that the other party views as believable-- "if you do this - we will do that"
Sequential-move game
Credible threat
Simultaneous consumption
Dominant strategy
3. Sets the price at the highest level that is consistent with keeping the potential entrant out. -The strategy of reducing the price to deter entry
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Limit pricing
Common knowledge
4. When managers are able to charge each consumer their reservation price. Examples are car and home sales
Mutual interdependence
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Business strategy
5. The derivative of total revenue
Marginal Revenue
Product differentiation
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Indefinitely repeated game
6. An index of market concentration. Sum of squared market shares of all the firms in the industry times 10K HHI=10 - 000Σwi2
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Lerner index
Conglomerate Merger
Stackelberg oligopoly
7. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a differentiated product
Differentiated oligopoly
Cooperative equilibrium
High Price Elasticity
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
8. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
Payoff
Cournot equilibrium
Basis for Product Differentiation
Payoff table
9. A table that shows the payoffs that each firm earns from every combination of strategies by the firms
Nonprime competition
Homogenous oligopoly
Interdependence
Payoff matrix
10. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent easily dismissed by recipient because threat not considered believable
Follower
Cournot equilibrium
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Empty threat
11. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Collusion
No cooperative equilibrium
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
One-shot game
12. Nash equilibrium - the result when each player in a game chooses the action that maximizes his or her payoff given the actions of other players - ignoring the effects of his or her action on the payoffs received by those players (when you confess w
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Collusion
Trigger strategy
Simultaneous decision games
13. The smallest quantity at which the average cost curve reaches its minimum
Socially optimal price
Vertical Merger
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
14. A situation in which neither firm has incentive to change its output given the other firm's output
Kinked demand curve model
Cournot equilibrium
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
15. If many firms can supply an input and the input is not specialized - the suppliers are unlikely to have the bargaining power to limit a firm's profits
Brand Multiplication
Vertical Merger
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Equilibrium
16. A representation of a game that summarizes the players - the information available to them at each stage - the strategies available to them - the sequence of moves - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Extensive-form game
Rothschild index
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Inefficiency
17. Specific assets - Economies of scale - Excess capacity - Reputation effects
What is game?
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Payoff table
18. In game theory - a decision rule that describes the actions a player will take at each decision point
First-mover advantage
Strategy
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Payoff matrix
19. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Implicit Collusion
Pure monopoly
Merger
Market
20. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Peak-load pricing
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Four-firm concentration ratio
21. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Monopolistic Competition
Sequential game
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Unbalanced Oligopoly
22. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
Price discrimination
Trigger strategy
Payoff
Mutual Interdependence
23. A measure of the difference between price and marginal cost as a fraction of the product's price. L=(P-MC)/P - refactoring gives: P=MC(1/(1-L)) - which gives us the "1/(1-L)" markup factor
Limit pricing
Transfer pricing
Lerner index
Economies of scale
24. 2 firms - simplest case in an oligopoly. Profits higher if limiting their production
Empty threat
Homogenous oligopoly
Duopoly
Leader
25. When a manager makes a noncooperative decision
Sweezy oligopoly
Rothschild index
Cournot equilibrium
Cheating
26. Price Sensitive
Two-part pricing
High Price Elasticity
Open Collusion
Dominant firm oligopoly
27. An oligopoly in which the sales of the leading (top four) firms are distributed unevenly among them
Non-cooperative behavior
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Ownership of a Key Input
28. A table that shows the payoffs for every possible action by each player for every possible action by the other player
High Price Elasticity
Dansby-Willig performance index
Contestable market
Payoff matrix
29. Cooperation among firms that does not involve an explicit agreement
Tacit collusion
Price war
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
First-mover advantage
30. A measure of the sensitivity to price of a product group as a whole relative to the sensitivity of the quantity demanded of a single firm to a change in its price. R=Et/Ef
Nonprime competition
Disappearing invisible hand
Peak-load pricing
Rothschild index
31. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
Transfer pricing
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Extensive-form game
32. A combination of two or more companies into one company
Mutual Interdependence
Merger
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
33. If buyers have enough bargaining power - they can insist on lower prices - higher-quality products - or additional services
Cournot oligopoly
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Undifferentiated
Block pricing
34. Operates like the alleged Mafia. Region division of the market among the firms in the industry
Differentiated oligopoly
Open Collusion
Barrier to entry
Normal-form game
35. Competition based on factors that are not related to price - such as product quality - service and financing - business location - and reputation
Market
Nonprime competition
Sequential-move game
Product differentiation
36. Marginal cost curve above average variable cost - P* = SRMC
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Open Collusion
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
37. Single seller in an industry - Strong barriers to entry - Profit maximization - faces market demand and sets MR=MC - Unexploited gains from trade
Monopoly (characteristics)
Cournot equilibrium
Cournot oligopoly
Prisoner's dilemma
38. When firms limit production and raise prices in a way that raises each others' profits - even though they have not made any formal agreement
Non-rivalrous consumption
Tacit collusion
Vertical Merger
Inefficiency
39. Occurs when a firm produces output - whatever its level - at a higher cost than is necessary to produce it
Extensive-form game
Block pricing
Inefficiency
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
40. An industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce differentiated products; (3) each firm believes rivals will respond to price reductions but will not follow price increases; and (4) barriers to entry exist
Implicit Collusion
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Cournot oligopoly
Sweezy oligopoly
41. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Transfer pricing
Inter-industry competition
Payoff matrix
Mutual interdependence
42. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
Monopoly (characteristics)
Competitive market
Merger
Limit pricing
43. A measure of market power - the percentage of all sales that is accounted for by the four or eight largest firms in the market
Concentration Ratio
Conglomerate Merger
Collusion
Commodity bundling
44. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Repeated game
Price matching
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Market Structure
45. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Undifferentiated
Payoff
Duopoly
46. Multiple firms make the same pricing decisions even though they have not explicitly consulted with each other
Nonprime competition
Implicit Collusion
Tacit collusion
Horizontal Merger/Integration
47. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Cooperation
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Oligopoly
First-mover advantage
48. An establishment firm commits to setting price below the profit-maximizing level to prevent entry
Disappearing invisible hand
Limit pricing
No cooperative equilibrium
Strategic behavior
49. An equilibrium in a game in which players cooperate to increase their mutual payoff
Tit-for-tat strategy
Simultaneous consumption
Non-cooperative behavior
Cooperative equilibrium
50. When each firm has an incentive to cheat - but both are worse off if both cheat -- illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficial to do so
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