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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Import competition
Rothschild index
Repeated game
Non-rivalrous consumption
2. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Implicit Collusion
Kinked demand curve model
Stackelberg oligopoly
Mutual interdependence
3. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Conglomerate Merger
What is game?
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Implicit Collusion
4. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
Lerner index
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Mutual Interdependence
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
5. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Inter-industry competition
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Patent
Sequential-move game
6. Actions taken by a firm to achieve a goal - such as maximizing profits
Cross-subsidy pricing
Business strategy
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Market Structure
7. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Indefinitely repeated game
Contestable market
Limit price
Interdependence
8. Pricing strategy in which identical products are packaged together in order to enhance profits by forcing customers to make an all-or-none decision to purchase
Non-rivalrous consumption
Block pricing
Homogenous oligopoly
Present Value (PV)
9. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Randomized pricing
Inefficiency
Payoff
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
10. The physical characteristics of the market within which firms interact
Prisoners' dilemma
Marginal Revenue
Market Structure
Sweezy oligopoly
11. Actions taken by firms to plan for and react to competition from rival firms
Strategic behavior
Brand Multiplication
Product Differentiation
Open Collusion
12. Price Sensitive
Limit price
Joint Venture
High Price Elasticity
Strategic behavior
13. A situation in which neither firm has incentive to change its output given the other firm's output
Cross-subsidy pricing
Kinked-demand curve
Cournot equilibrium
Tit-for-tat strategy
14. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent by one party that the other party views as believable-- "if you do this - we will do that"
Socially optimal price
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Credible threat
Contestable market
15. If buyers have enough bargaining power - they can insist on lower prices - higher-quality products - or additional services
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Imperfect competition
Examples of Oligopoly
16. A measure of market power - the percentage of all sales that is accounted for by the four or eight largest firms in the market
Price Leadership
Simultaneous-move game
Dansby-Willig performance index
Concentration Ratio
17. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a standardized product
Peak-load pricing
Kinked-demand curve
Homogenous oligopoly
Fair return price
18. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Mutual Interdependence
Basis for Product Differentiation
Mixed (randomized) strategy
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
19. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
Competitive market
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Payoff
20. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
Market Structure
Covert Collusion
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Stackelberg oligopoly
21. The players end up worse off than they would if they were able to cooperate; -the pursuit of self-interest does not promote the social interest in these games
Disappearing invisible hand
Market Structure
Marginal Revenue
Sweezy oligopoly
22. An oligopoly in which the sales of the leading (top four) firms are distributed unevenly among them
Oligopoly
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Kinked-demand curve
Joint Venture
23. The derivative of total revenue
Payoff
Marginal Revenue
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Dansby-Willig performance index
24. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Simultaneous decision games
Sequential-move game
Reservation Price
Sweezy oligopoly
25. Industry in which (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) a single (leader) firm chooses an output quantity before their rivals select their outputs; (4) all other (follower)
Merger
Secure strategy
Stackelberg oligopoly
Mutual Interdependence
26. Identical or substitutable
Undifferentiated
Mutual interdependence
Homogenous oligopoly
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
27. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent easily dismissed by recipient because threat not considered believable
Non-cooperative behavior
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Empty threat
Product differentiation
28. Sellers can identify different types of customers and offer each a different price. Examples are special prices for students or the elderly
Homogenous oligopoly
Examples of Oligopoly
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Limit pricing
29. A condition describing a set of strategies in which no player can improve their payoff by unilaterally changing their own strategy given the other player's strategy
Open Collusion
Homogenous oligopoly
Bertrand oligopoly
Nash equilibrium
30. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Tacit collusion
Peak-load pricing
Merger
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
31. A representation of a game that summarizes the players - the information available to them at each stage - the strategies available to them - the sequence of moves - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Extensive-form game
Non-price competition
Transfer pricing
Competitive market
32. A combination of two or more companies into one company
Merger
Strategic behavior
Fair return price
Contestable market
33. A simpler way to operationalize first-degree price discrimination
Simultaneous consumption
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Randomized pricing
Market
34. A table that shows the payoffs for every possible action by each player for every possible action by the other player
Concentration Ratio
Monopoly (characteristics)
Payoff matrix
Credible threat
35. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Conglomerate Merger
Mutual Interdependence
Payoff
36. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
Duopoly
Merger
Joint Venture
Socially optimal price
37. Multiple firms make the same pricing decisions even though they have not explicitly consulted with each other
Indefinitely repeated game
Bertrand oligopoly
Implicit Collusion
Pure monopoly
38. Cooperation among firms that does not involve an explicit agreement
Tacit collusion
Trigger strategy
Repeated game
Extensive-form game
39. When no one firm has a monopoly - but producers nonetheless realize that they can affect market prices. Firms compete but possess market power
Equilibrium
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Prisoner's dilemma
Imperfect competition
40. Involves price-fixing
Covert Collusion
Limit price
Network effects
Limit pricing
41. Simultaneous move game that is not repeated
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Price matching
One-shot game
42. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Cournot oligopoly
Collusion
Import competition
Price Leadership
43. Pricing strategy in which a firm optimally sets the internal price at which an upstream division wells an input to a downstream division
Covert Collusion
Transfer pricing
Market
Third-degree price discrimination
44. The price of a product that results in the most efficient allocation of an economy's resources and that is equal to the marginal cost of the product
Patent
Socially optimal price
Economies of scale
Dansby-Willig performance index
45. Price of a product that enables its producer to obtain a normal profit & that is equal to the ATC of producing it
Disappearing invisible hand
Fair return price
Sweezy oligopoly
Implicit Collusion
46. The percentage of the total industry sales accounted for by the four largest firms in the industry. OUTPUT of 4 largest firms over TOTAL output in industry. C4=(S1+...+S4)/St or (w1+...+w4)
Competitive market
Conglomerate Merger
Lerner index
Four-firm concentration ratio
47. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
Nash equilibrium
Non-rivalrous consumption
Basis for Product Differentiation
Marginal Revenue
48. When a manager makes a noncooperative decision
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Common knowledge
Cheating
49. Pricing strategy in which consumers are charged a fixed fee for the right to purchase a product - plus a per-unit charge for each unit purchased
Merger
Two-part pricing
Inefficiency
Four-firm concentration ratio
50. A table showing - for every possible combination of decisions players can make - the outcomes or "payoffs" for each of the players in each decision combination
Payoff table
Patent
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Imperfect competition