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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
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Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A measure of the difference between price and marginal cost as a fraction of the product's price. L=(P-MC)/P - refactoring gives: P=MC(1/(1-L)) - which gives us the "1/(1-L)" markup factor
Strategy
Commodity bundling
Lerner index
Examples of Oligopoly
2. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
Vertical Merger
Profit
Secure strategy
Simultaneous decision games
3. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Four-firm concentration ratio
Covert Collusion
Price Leadership
Sequential-move game
4. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Examples of Oligopoly
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Cooperation
Joint Venture
5. Single firm is sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes
Rothschild index
Marginal Revenue
Pure monopoly
Tacit collusion
6. When no one firm has a monopoly - but producers nonetheless realize that they can affect market prices. Firms compete but possess market power
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Imperfect competition
Simultaneous decision games
Marginal Revenue
7. The players end up worse off than they would if they were able to cooperate; -the pursuit of self-interest does not promote the social interest in these games
High Price Elasticity
Disappearing invisible hand
Non-cooperative behavior
Rothschild index
8. The rules describe the setting of the game - the actions the players may take - and the consequences of those actions; -Advertising and R&D are also prisoners' dilemmas
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9. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Covert Collusion
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Tacit collusion
Finding profit for oligopoly games
10. A measure of market power - the percentage of all sales that is accounted for by the four or eight largest firms in the market
Collusion
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Concentration Ratio
Monopolistic Competition
11. A market in which: (1) all have access to the same technology; (2) consumers respond quickly to price changes; (3) existing firms cannot respond quickly to entry by lowering their prices; and (4) there are no sunk costs
Interdependence
Third-degree price discrimination
Contestable market
Concentration Ratio
12. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Cutthroat Competition
Horizontal Merger/Integration
13. Operates like the alleged Mafia. Region division of the market among the firms in the industry
Four-firm concentration ratio
Covert Collusion
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Open Collusion
14. Variations on one good so that a firm can increase market sharea
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Brand Multiplication
Dominant strategy
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
15. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Repeated game
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Network effects
Price war
16. A representation of a game indicating the players - their possible strategies - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Bertrand oligopoly
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Simultaneous decision games
Normal-form game
17. A situation in which all decision makers know the payoff table - and they believe all other decision makers also know the payoff table
Stackelberg oligopoly
Common knowledge
Network effects
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
18. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Mutual interdependence
Cournot oligopoly
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Inefficiency
19. A strategy that guarantees the highest payoff given the worst possible scenario
Contestable market
Price war
Secure strategy
Pure monopoly
20. A strategy in which a firm advertises a price and a promise to match any lower prices offered by a competitor
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Price matching
Stackelberg oligopoly
Transfer pricing
21. A firm whose price decisions are tacitly accepted and followed by others in the industry
Strategy
Payoff matrix
Socially optimal price
Price Leadership
22. Both players have dominant strategies and play them
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Non-price competition
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Bargaining Power of Buyers
23. Pricing strategy in which a firm optimally sets the internal price at which an upstream division wells an input to a downstream division
Covert Collusion
Sequential game
Transfer pricing
Kinked demand curve model
24. A situation in which no one wants to change his or her behavior
Mutual Interdependence
Equilibrium
Homogenous oligopoly
Strategic behavior
25. Toothpaste - shampoo - restaurants - banks
Product Differentiation
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Prisoner's dilemma
26. The price of a product that results in the most efficient allocation of an economy's resources and that is equal to the marginal cost of the product
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Cournot oligopoly
Tacit collusion
Socially optimal price
27. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Disappearing invisible hand
Cooperative equilibrium
Mutual interdependence
Peak-load pricing
28. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Market
Lerner index
Simultaneous consumption
Limit price
29. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
Non-rivalrous consumption
Mutual Interdependence
Bertrand oligopoly
Simultaneous-move game
30. The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented
Rent-seeking behavior
Patent
Tit-for-tat strategy
Limit pricing
31. A situation where one firm is able to provide a service at a lower cost than could several competing firms
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Limit price
Present Value (PV)
Price matching
32. 2 firms - simplest case in an oligopoly. Profits higher if limiting their production
Monopoly (characteristics)
Market Structure
Duopoly
Brand Multiplication
33. Pricing strategy in which consumers are charged a fixed fee for the right to purchase a product - plus a per-unit charge for each unit purchased
Collusion
Homogenous oligopoly
Two-part pricing
Rent-seeking behavior
34. The physical characteristics of the market within which firms interact
Limit price
Cheating
Oligopoly
Market Structure
35. A table that shows the payoffs that each firm earns from every combination of strategies by the firms
Common knowledge
Tit-for-tat strategy
Payoff matrix
Duopoly
36. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Cross-subsidy pricing
Credible threat
No cooperative equilibrium
Joint Venture
37. Intense competition in which competitors cut retail prices to gain business--oligopolistic competition
Kinked-demand curve
Inter-industry competition
Price war
Trigger strategy
38. The situation when a firm's long-run average costs fall as it increases output
Economies of scale
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Commodity bundling
Business strategy
39. An oligopoly in which the sales of the leading (top four) firms are distributed unevenly among them
Simultaneous decision games
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Market
40. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
Kinked-demand curve
Payoff matrix
Competitive market
Cross-subsidy pricing
41. Sellers can identify different types of customers and offer each a different price. Examples are special prices for students or the elderly
Tit-for-tat strategy
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Transfer pricing
42. Rules - strategies - payoffs - outcomes
Undifferentiated
Trigger strategy
What is game?
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
43. A combination of two or more companies into one company
Present Value (PV)
Merger
Socially optimal price
Limit pricing
44. Ignoring the effects of their actions on each others' profits
Present Value (PV)
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Non-cooperative behavior
Transfer pricing
45. An attempt by a firm to convince buyers that its product is different from the products of other firms in the industry
Product differentiation
Normal-form game
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Interdependence
46. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Double marginalization
Payoff matrix
Network effects
Monopolistic Competition
47. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Profit
Kinked demand curve model
Block pricing
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
48. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Implicit Collusion
Monopolistic Competition
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
49. A situation in which neither firm has incentive to change its output given the other firm's output
Cross-subsidy pricing
Cournot equilibrium
Kinked-demand curve
Payoff
50. Nash equilibrium - the result when each player in a game chooses the action that maximizes his or her payoff given the actions of other players - ignoring the effects of his or her action on the payoffs received by those players (when you confess w
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Joint Venture
Limit pricing
Monopoly (characteristics)