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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The competition that domestic firms encounter from the products and services of foreign producers
Import competition
Rent-seeking behavior
Implicit Collusion
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
2. When the decisions of two or more firms significantly affect each others' profits
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Imperfect competition
Follower
Interdependence
3. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Ownership of a Key Input
Conglomerate Merger
Monopolistic Characteristics:
4. A table that shows the payoffs that each firm earns from every combination of strategies by the firms
Payoff matrix
No cooperative equilibrium
Two-part pricing
Four-firm concentration ratio
5. The players end up worse off than they would if they were able to cooperate; -the pursuit of self-interest does not promote the social interest in these games
Economies of scale
Fair return price
Disappearing invisible hand
Strategy
6. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Oligopoly
One-shot game
Ownership of a Key Input
Sweezy oligopoly
7. Keeps the price just where it is to maximize profit
First-mover advantage
Secure strategy
Ownership of a Key Input
Cutthroat Competition
8. A trigger strategy that punishes after an episode of cheating and returns to cooperation if cheating ends
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Tit-for-tat strategy
Commodity bundling
Collusion
9. Cooperation among firms that does not involve an explicit agreement
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Ownership of a Key Input
Commodity bundling
Tacit collusion
10. A situation in which all decision makers know the payoff table - and they believe all other decision makers also know the payoff table
Cheating
Ownership of a Key Input
Common knowledge
Cross-subsidy pricing
11. An attempt by a firm to convince buyers that its product is different from the products of other firms in the industry
Joint Venture
Product differentiation
Cutthroat Competition
Oligopoly
12. If many firms can supply an input and the input is not specialized - the suppliers are unlikely to have the bargaining power to limit a firm's profits
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Cournot equilibrium
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
13. First firm to set its output (Stackelberg's model)
Leader
Economies of scale
Kinked-demand curve
Disappearing invisible hand
14. When a manager makes a noncooperative decision
Empty threat
Cheating
Non-cooperative behavior
Economies of scale
15. Sets the price at the highest level that is consistent with keeping the potential entrant out. -The strategy of reducing the price to deter entry
Indefinitely repeated game
Non-price competition
Limit pricing
Dansby-Willig performance index
16. Revenue-Costs
Profit
Tit-for-tat strategy
Kinked demand curve model
Competitive market
17. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Strategy
18. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a differentiated product
Price discrimination
Differentiated oligopoly
Contestable market
Inter-industry competition
19. Operates like the alleged Mafia. Region division of the market among the firms in the industry
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Open Collusion
Brand Multiplication
20. A situation in which competing firms must make their individual decisions without knowing the decisions of their rivals
Simultaneous decision games
Socially optimal price
Extensive-form game
Undifferentiated
21. Specific assets - Economies of scale - Excess capacity - Reputation effects
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Tacit collusion
Limit pricing
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
22. If buyers have enough bargaining power - they can insist on lower prices - higher-quality products - or additional services
Mutual Interdependence
Leader
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Bargaining Power of Buyers
23. 2 firms - simplest case in an oligopoly. Profits higher if limiting their production
Transfer pricing
Cooperative equilibrium
Equilibrium
Duopoly
24. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
Basis for Product Differentiation
Import competition
Cournot oligopoly
Business strategy
25. A game that is played over and over again forever and in which players receive payoffs during each play of the game
Indefinitely repeated game
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Strategic behavior
Market Structure
26. An industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce differentiated products; (3) each firm believes rivals will respond to price reductions but will not follow price increases; and (4) barriers to entry exist
Double marginalization
Homogenous oligopoly
Sweezy oligopoly
Concentration Ratio
27. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Secure strategy
Limit price
Empty threat
Inefficiency
28. Marginal cost curve above average variable cost - P* = SRMC
Market Structure
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Stackelberg oligopoly
Follower
29. When no one firm has a monopoly - but producers nonetheless realize that they can affect market prices. Firms compete but possess market power
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Limit pricing
Cross-subsidy pricing
Imperfect competition
30. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
No cooperative equilibrium
First-mover advantage
Joint Venture
Simultaneous consumption
31. Both players have dominant strategies and play them
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Socially optimal price
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Examples of Oligopoly
32. Ignoring the effects of their actions on each others' profits
Normal-form game
Bertrand oligopoly
Non-cooperative behavior
Tit-for-tat strategy
33. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Cournot equilibrium
Strategic behavior
Merger
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
34. Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount
One-shot game
Market
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Dansby-Willig performance index
35. An oligopoly in which the sales of the leading (top four) firms are distributed unevenly among them
Sweezy oligopoly
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Fair return price
Normal-form game
36. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Dominant firm oligopoly
Bertrand oligopoly
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
37. Occurs when a firm produces output - whatever its level - at a higher cost than is necessary to produce it
Leader
Cooperative equilibrium
Inefficiency
Third-degree price discrimination
38. Competition based on factors that are not related to price - such as product quality - service and financing - business location - and reputation
Double marginalization
Credible threat
Nonprime competition
Monopoly (characteristics)
39. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Tacit collusion
Mutual interdependence
Payoff
Stackelberg oligopoly
40. Demand line is above ATC curve
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Cournot equilibrium
Homogenous oligopoly
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
41. An establishment firm commits to setting price below the profit-maximizing level to prevent entry
Limit price
Ownership of a Key Input
Limit pricing
Simultaneous consumption
42. A market in which: (1) all have access to the same technology; (2) consumers respond quickly to price changes; (3) existing firms cannot respond quickly to entry by lowering their prices; and (4) there are no sunk costs
Market Structure
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Simultaneous consumption
Contestable market
43. Game in which each player makes decisions without knowledge of the other player's decisions
Simultaneous-move game
Contestable market
Reservation Price
Horizontal Merger/Integration
44. The price of a product that results in the most efficient allocation of an economy's resources and that is equal to the marginal cost of the product
Nash equilibrium
Price discrimination
Disappearing invisible hand
Socially optimal price
45. When managers are able to charge each consumer their reservation price. Examples are car and home sales
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Market Structure
Economies of scale
46. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Examples of Oligopoly
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Horizontal Merger/Integration
47. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Inefficiency
Conglomerate Merger
Profit
Mixed (randomized) strategy
48. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Merger
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Repeated game
49. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
Examples of Oligopoly
Cutthroat Competition
Price Leadership
Monopolistic Characteristics:
50. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
Transfer pricing
Sequential game
Vertical Merger
Patent