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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The demand curve for a non-collusive oligopolist - which is based on the assumption that rivals will match a price decrease and will ignore a price increase
Kinked-demand curve
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Extensive-form game
Tacit collusion
2. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Peak-load pricing
Conglomerate Merger
Contestable market
Payoff
3. Single firm is sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes
Pure monopoly
Payoff matrix
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Present Value (PV)
4. If many firms can supply an input and the input is not specialized - the suppliers are unlikely to have the bargaining power to limit a firm's profits
Four-firm concentration ratio
Leader
Normal-form game
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
5. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Kinked demand curve model
Simultaneous decision games
Pure monopoly
6. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Sweezy oligopoly
Repeated game
Two-part pricing
No cooperative equilibrium
7. Operates like the alleged Mafia. Region division of the market among the firms in the industry
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Sequential-move game
Collusion
Open Collusion
8. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Vertical Merger
Cross-subsidy pricing
Follower
Non-cooperative equilibrium
9. Toothpaste - shampoo - restaurants - banks
Extensive-form game
Non-cooperative behavior
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Concentration Ratio
10. In game theory - benefit obtained by party that moves first in a sequential game
Dominant strategy
First-mover advantage
Joint Venture
Rothschild index
11. A situation in which no one wants to change his or her behavior
Equilibrium
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Imperfect competition
Mixed (randomized) strategy
12. The derivative of total revenue
Pure monopoly
Repeated game
Marginal Revenue
Bargaining Power of Buyers
13. Steel - autos - colas - airlines
Monopolistic Competition
Randomized pricing
Examples of Oligopoly
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
14. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
Undifferentiated
Mutual Interdependence
Reservation Price
Cooperative equilibrium
15. A game that is played over and over again forever and in which players receive payoffs during each play of the game
Simultaneous consumption
Prisoner's dilemma
Price matching
Indefinitely repeated game
16. Pricing strategy in which a firm intentionally varies its price in an attempt to "hide" price information from consumers and rivals
Business strategy
Randomized pricing
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Price discrimination
17. An industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce differentiated products; (3) each firm believes rivals will respond to price reductions but will not follow price increases; and (4) barriers to entry exist
Profit
Four-firm concentration ratio
Sweezy oligopoly
Lerner index
18. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Prisoner's dilemma
Duopoly
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Third-degree price discrimination
19. Rival who sets its output after the leader (Stackelberg's model)
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Cooperation
Follower
Product differentiation
20. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Profit
Empty threat
Barrier to entry
Oligopoly
21. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Inter-industry competition
Non-cooperative behavior
Tacit collusion
Contestable market
22. The players end up worse off than they would if they were able to cooperate; -the pursuit of self-interest does not promote the social interest in these games
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Disappearing invisible hand
No cooperative equilibrium
23. When something can be consumed without reducing the benefits available for subsequent consumption; can be consumed without supporting rivalry between consumers
Empty threat
Network effects
Non-rivalrous consumption
Two-part pricing
24. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Product Differentiation
Price discrimination
Double marginalization
Competitive market
25. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a differentiated product
Concentration Ratio
Differentiated oligopoly
Lerner index
Two-part pricing
26. 2 firms - simplest case in an oligopoly. Profits higher if limiting their production
Mutual interdependence
Brand Multiplication
Cooperation
Duopoly
27. A situation where one firm is able to provide a service at a lower cost than could several competing firms
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Homogenous oligopoly
Merger
One-shot game
28. Game in which each player makes decisions without knowledge of the other player's decisions
Strategic behavior
Cutthroat Competition
Cooperation
Simultaneous-move game
29. An establishment firm commits to setting price below the profit-maximizing level to prevent entry
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Third-degree price discrimination
Sequential game
Limit pricing
30. A market in which: (1) all have access to the same technology; (2) consumers respond quickly to price changes; (3) existing firms cannot respond quickly to entry by lowering their prices; and (4) there are no sunk costs
Reservation Price
Examples of Oligopoly
Contestable market
Dominant strategy
31. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
Basis for Product Differentiation
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Dominant strategy
32. Produce identical products
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Market
Limit pricing
33. If buyers have enough bargaining power - they can insist on lower prices - higher-quality products - or additional services
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Bertrand oligopoly
Non-cooperative behavior
Mutual Interdependence
34. A measure of market power - the percentage of all sales that is accounted for by the four or eight largest firms in the market
High Price Elasticity
Concentration Ratio
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Extensive-form game
35. Industry in which (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) a single (leader) firm chooses an output quantity before their rivals select their outputs; (4) all other (follower)
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Cournot oligopoly
Stackelberg oligopoly
Dominant firm oligopoly
36. A representation of a game that summarizes the players - the information available to them at each stage - the strategies available to them - the sequence of moves - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Ownership of a Key Input
Duopoly
Extensive-form game
Basis for Product Differentiation
37. Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount
Common knowledge
Dansby-Willig performance index
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Barrier to entry
38. When no one firm has a monopoly - but producers nonetheless realize that they can affect market prices. Firms compete but possess market power
Monopoly (characteristics)
Inter-industry competition
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Imperfect competition
39. The competition that domestic firms encounter from the products and services of foreign producers
Nonprime competition
Limit price
Strategic behavior
Import competition
40. When firms limit production and raise prices in a way that raises each others' profits - even though they have not made any formal agreement
Implicit Collusion
Price discrimination
Tacit collusion
Non-price competition
41. One large firm that has a significant cost advantage over many other - smaller competing firms; -the large firm operates as a monopoly: setting price and output to maximize profit; -the small firms act as perfect competitors: taking as given the mar
Dominant firm oligopoly
Nonprime competition
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Limit pricing
42. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Sequential-move game
What is game?
Bertrand oligopoly
Mixed (randomized) strategy
43. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
Open Collusion
Simultaneous decision games
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Competitive market
44. Actions taken by firms to plan for and react to competition from rival firms
Sequential game
Payoff matrix
Strategic behavior
Stackelberg oligopoly
45. Takes Place inside the Mind of the consumer
Payoff matrix
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Nonprime competition
Product Differentiation
46. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Vertical Merger
Rothschild index
Collusion
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
47. The smallest quantity at which the average cost curve reaches its minimum
Implicit Collusion
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Payoff table
Conglomerate Merger
48. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Concentration Ratio
Business strategy
Payoff matrix
Commodity bundling
49. A strategy that guarantees the highest payoff given the worst possible scenario
Limit price
Cheating
Cutthroat Competition
Secure strategy
50. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Economies of scale
Cutthroat Competition
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games