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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Actions taken by firms to plan for and react to competition from rival firms
Limit price
Oligopoly
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Strategic behavior
2. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Non-cooperative behavior
Commodity bundling
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
3. Single seller in an industry - Strong barriers to entry - Profit maximization - faces market demand and sets MR=MC - Unexploited gains from trade
Third-degree price discrimination
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Monopoly (characteristics)
Cutthroat Competition
4. When something can be consumed without reducing the benefits available for subsequent consumption; can be consumed without supporting rivalry between consumers
Cheating
Non-rivalrous consumption
Third-degree price discrimination
Homogenous oligopoly
5. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
Follower
Competitive market
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Dominant strategy
6. Increases in the value of a product to each user - including existing users - as the total number of users rises
Conglomerate Merger
Homogenous oligopoly
Network effects
Trigger strategy
7. Steel - autos - colas - airlines
Examples of Oligopoly
Kinked demand curve model
Common knowledge
Covert Collusion
8. Nash equilibrium - the result when each player in a game chooses the action that maximizes his or her payoff given the actions of other players - ignoring the effects of his or her action on the payoffs received by those players (when you confess w
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Trigger strategy
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Price Leadership
9. The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented
Patent
Bertrand oligopoly
Price Leadership
Market
10. Revenue-Costs
Limit price
Duopoly
Rent-seeking behavior
Profit
11. Occurs when a firm produces output - whatever its level - at a higher cost than is necessary to produce it
Inefficiency
Simultaneous consumption
Cooperation
Present Value (PV)
12. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Leader
Simultaneous decision games
Cross-subsidy pricing
Sweezy oligopoly
13. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a standardized product
What is game?
Transfer pricing
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Homogenous oligopoly
14. Maximize economic profit by producing the quantity at which MC=MR
Open Collusion
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Transfer pricing
Cutthroat Competition
15. A measure of the sensitivity to price of a product group as a whole relative to the sensitivity of the quantity demanded of a single firm to a change in its price. R=Et/Ef
Sequential game
Rothschild index
Sequential-move game
Ownership of a Key Input
16. A table showing - for every possible combination of decisions players can make - the outcomes or "payoffs" for each of the players in each decision combination
Payoff table
Common knowledge
Rent-seeking behavior
Market
17. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Nash equilibrium
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
18. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Monopolistic Competition
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Market
Simultaneous decision games
19. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Simultaneous-move game
Inter-industry competition
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Lerner index
20. When firms limit production and raise prices in a way that raises each others' profits - even though they have not made any formal agreement
Covert Collusion
Differentiated oligopoly
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Tacit collusion
21. A situation in which neither firm has incentive to change its output given the other firm's output
Four-firm concentration ratio
Common knowledge
Cournot equilibrium
Cooperative equilibrium
22. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Contestable market
Payoff
Double marginalization
23. 1/(1+i)n
No cooperative equilibrium
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Extensive-form game
Present Value (PV)
24. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Ownership of a Key Input
Sweezy oligopoly
Double marginalization
Commodity bundling
25. Pricing strategy in which a firm intentionally varies its price in an attempt to "hide" price information from consumers and rivals
Non-price competition
Two-part pricing
Randomized pricing
Non-rivalrous consumption
26. Anything that keeps new firms from entering an industry in which firms are earning economic profits (e.g. Ownership of a Key Input - Capital - Patents - Economies of scale)
Transfer pricing
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Barrier to entry
Commodity bundling
27. A firm whose price decisions are tacitly accepted and followed by others in the industry
Price Leadership
Market
Non-rivalrous consumption
Simultaneous consumption
28. Face competition from companies that currently are not in the market but might enter
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Oligopoly
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Transfer pricing
29. An index of market concentration. Sum of squared market shares of all the firms in the industry times 10K HHI=10 - 000Σwi2
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Nash equilibrium
Cournot oligopoly
30. A condition describing a set of strategies in which no player can improve their payoff by unilaterally changing their own strategy given the other player's strategy
Price Leadership
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Nash equilibrium
Inter-industry competition
31. An equilibrium in a game in which players cooperate to increase their mutual payoff
Examples of Oligopoly
Kinked demand curve model
Cooperative equilibrium
Monopolistic Characteristics:
32. A strategy or action that always provides the best outcome no matter what decisions rivals make
Lerner index
Mutual interdependence
Dominant strategy
Transfer pricing
33. If production of a good requires a particular input - then control of that input can be a barrier to entry
What is game?
Sequential-move game
Ownership of a Key Input
Lerner index
34. Industry in which (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) a single (leader) firm chooses an output quantity before their rivals select their outputs; (4) all other (follower)
Stackelberg oligopoly
Socially optimal price
Four-firm concentration ratio
Payoff
35. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Limit price
Stackelberg oligopoly
Barrier to entry
Block pricing
36. In game theory - a decision rule that describes the actions a player will take at each decision point
Third-degree price discrimination
Strategy
What is game?
First-mover advantage
37. The physical characteristics of the market within which firms interact
Pure monopoly
Normal-form game
Cross-subsidy pricing
Market Structure
38. A measure of the difference between price and marginal cost as a fraction of the product's price. L=(P-MC)/P - refactoring gives: P=MC(1/(1-L)) - which gives us the "1/(1-L)" markup factor
Prisoners' dilemma
Nonprime competition
First-mover advantage
Lerner index
39. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Trigger strategy
Tit-for-tat strategy
Payoff matrix
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
40. When each firm has an incentive to cheat - but both are worse off if both cheat -- illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficial to do so
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41. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Product Differentiation
Cooperation
Implicit Collusion
Imperfect competition
42. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Interdependence
Limit pricing
Basis for Product Differentiation
Mixed (randomized) strategy
43. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a differentiated product
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Follower
Differentiated oligopoly
Repeated game
44. Sets the price at the highest level that is consistent with keeping the potential entrant out. -The strategy of reducing the price to deter entry
Limit pricing
Tit-for-tat strategy
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Cournot oligopoly
45. Demand line is above ATC curve
Nash equilibrium
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Disappearing invisible hand
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
46. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Bertrand oligopoly
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Sequential-move game
Peak-load pricing
47. A trigger strategy that punishes after an episode of cheating and returns to cooperation if cheating ends
Two-part pricing
Market
Basis for Product Differentiation
Tit-for-tat strategy
48. A condition describing a set of strategies that constitutes a Nash equilibrium and allows no player to improve their own payoff at any stage of the game by changing strategies
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Limit price
Patent
High Price Elasticity
49. When managers are able to charge each consumer their reservation price. Examples are car and home sales
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Strategic behavior
Dominant strategy
50. In game theory - benefit obtained by party that moves first in a sequential game
Cheating
First-mover advantage
Prisoners' dilemma
Business strategy