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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When firms limit production and raise prices in a way that raises each others' profits - even though they have not made any formal agreement
Tacit collusion
Repeated game
High Price Elasticity
Simultaneous decision games
2. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
Business strategy
High Price Elasticity
Cournot equilibrium
Price discrimination
3. Intense competition in which competitors cut retail prices to gain business--oligopolistic competition
Concentration Ratio
Price war
Extensive-form game
Payoff matrix
4. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Trigger strategy
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Conglomerate Merger
Double marginalization
5. The maximum price that a buyer is willing to pay for a good - or the minimum price that a seller will accept
Double marginalization
Collusion
Reservation Price
Limit pricing
6. A strategy or action that always provides the best outcome no matter what decisions rivals make
Dominant strategy
High Price Elasticity
Two-part pricing
Fair return price
7. A trigger strategy that punishes after an episode of cheating and returns to cooperation if cheating ends
Tit-for-tat strategy
Dansby-Willig performance index
Import competition
Monopolistic Competition
8. Takes Place inside the Mind of the consumer
Price matching
Lerner index
Equilibrium
Product Differentiation
9. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Payoff matrix
Monopolistic Competition
Extensive-form game
Nonprime competition
10. Using advertising and other means to try to increase a firm's sales
Non-price competition
Rent-seeking behavior
Non-rivalrous consumption
Dominant strategy
11. An equilibrium in a game in which players do not cooperate but pursue their own self-interest
Price Leadership
Homogenous oligopoly
No cooperative equilibrium
Cooperation
12. Simultaneous move game that is not repeated
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Common knowledge
One-shot game
Finding profit for oligopoly games
13. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Equilibrium
Merger
Peak-load pricing
Examples of Oligopoly
14. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Tacit collusion
Market
Kinked demand curve model
Sequential-move game
15. The situation when a firm's long-run average costs fall as it increases output
Economies of scale
One-shot game
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Nash equilibrium
16. The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented
Patent
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Payoff table
Network effects
17. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Limit price
Barrier to entry
One-shot game
Equilibrium
18. An index of market concentration. Sum of squared market shares of all the firms in the industry times 10K HHI=10 - 000Σwi2
Cooperative equilibrium
Imperfect competition
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Undifferentiated
19. Marginal cost curve above average variable cost - P* = SRMC
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Repeated game
Extensive-form game
20. Rival who sets its output after the leader (Stackelberg's model)
Limit pricing
Dominant firm oligopoly
Follower
Payoff matrix
21. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
Joint Venture
Commodity bundling
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Dominant strategy equilibrium
22. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
Mutual Interdependence
Duopoly
Price Leadership
Leader
23. Cooperation among firms that does not involve an explicit agreement
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Market Structure
Lerner index
Tacit collusion
24. Produce identical products
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Prisoner's dilemma
Monopolistic Competition
Interdependence
25. Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount
Price war
Sequential game
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Dansby-Willig performance index
26. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Oligopoly
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Empty threat
Dansby-Willig performance index
27. A situation in which all decision makers know the payoff table - and they believe all other decision makers also know the payoff table
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Common knowledge
Interdependence
Cournot equilibrium
28. A table showing - for every possible combination of decisions players can make - the outcomes or "payoffs" for each of the players in each decision combination
Collusion
Limit pricing
Product differentiation
Payoff table
29. A game that is played over and over again forever and in which players receive payoffs during each play of the game
Price discrimination
Indefinitely repeated game
Dominant strategy
Bargaining Power of Buyers
30. A table that shows the payoffs for every possible action by each player for every possible action by the other player
Payoff matrix
Interdependence
Simultaneous decision games
Profit
31. The demand curve for a non-collusive oligopolist - which is based on the assumption that rivals will match a price decrease and will ignore a price increase
Kinked-demand curve
Mutual Interdependence
Cooperative equilibrium
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
32. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
One-shot game
Peak-load pricing
Trigger strategy
Concentration Ratio
33. A representation of a game that summarizes the players - the information available to them at each stage - the strategies available to them - the sequence of moves - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Extensive-form game
Covert Collusion
Trigger strategy
Fair return price
34. 2 firms - simplest case in an oligopoly. Profits higher if limiting their production
Strategy
Simultaneous decision games
Duopoly
Finding profit for oligopoly games
35. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
Transfer pricing
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Brand Multiplication
Vertical Merger
36. First firm to set its output (Stackelberg's model)
Pure monopoly
Leader
Inefficiency
Limit pricing
37. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a differentiated product
Economies of scale
Differentiated oligopoly
Implicit Collusion
Double marginalization
38. A representation of a game indicating the players - their possible strategies - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Payoff
Non-cooperative behavior
Leader
Normal-form game
39. Actions taken by a firm to achieve a goal - such as maximizing profits
Profit
Sweezy oligopoly
Business strategy
Non-rivalrous consumption
40. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
Payoff table
Basis for Product Differentiation
Strategic behavior
Non-rivalrous consumption
41. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Contestable market
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Bertrand oligopoly
Nash equilibrium
42. A strategy that guarantees the highest payoff given the worst possible scenario
Non-rivalrous consumption
Secure strategy
Trigger strategy
Sequential game
43. When a manager makes a noncooperative decision
Cheating
Product differentiation
Mutual interdependence
Competitive market
44. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Present Value (PV)
Monopolistic Characteristics:
45. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Third-degree price discrimination
Joint Venture
Open Collusion
Commodity bundling
46. A firm whose price decisions are tacitly accepted and followed by others in the industry
Price Leadership
Collusion
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Four-firm concentration ratio
47. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent by one party that the other party views as believable-- "if you do this - we will do that"
Non-price competition
Credible threat
Kinked-demand curve
Indefinitely repeated game
48. A condition describing a set of strategies in which no player can improve their payoff by unilaterally changing their own strategy given the other player's strategy
Reservation Price
Transfer pricing
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Nash equilibrium
49. Competition based on factors that are not related to price - such as product quality - service and financing - business location - and reputation
Nonprime competition
Pure monopoly
Cheating
High Price Elasticity
50. A situation where one firm is able to provide a service at a lower cost than could several competing firms
Product differentiation
Merger
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Finding profit for oligopoly games