SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One large firm that has a significant cost advantage over many other - smaller competing firms; -the large firm operates as a monopoly: setting price and output to maximize profit; -the small firms act as perfect competitors: taking as given the mar
Contestable market
Payoff
Sequential game
Dominant firm oligopoly
2. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent by one party that the other party views as believable-- "if you do this - we will do that"
Lerner index
Cournot equilibrium
Credible threat
Dominant strategy equilibrium
3. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Cutthroat Competition
Normal-form game
Cournot oligopoly
4. Actions taken by a firm to achieve a goal - such as maximizing profits
Joint Venture
Double marginalization
Business strategy
Normal-form game
5. If many firms can supply an input and the input is not specialized - the suppliers are unlikely to have the bargaining power to limit a firm's profits
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Undifferentiated
Collusion
Brand Multiplication
6. A condition describing a set of strategies that constitutes a Nash equilibrium and allows no player to improve their own payoff at any stage of the game by changing strategies
Differentiated oligopoly
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Dominant firm oligopoly
7. When no one firm has a monopoly - but producers nonetheless realize that they can affect market prices. Firms compete but possess market power
Dansby-Willig performance index
Open Collusion
Network effects
Imperfect competition
8. Actions taken by firms to plan for and react to competition from rival firms
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Inter-industry competition
Ownership of a Key Input
Strategic behavior
9. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Indefinitely repeated game
Double marginalization
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Cooperation
10. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Strategic behavior
Payoff
Kinked-demand curve
Strategy
11. A situation in which competing firms must make their individual decisions without knowing the decisions of their rivals
Simultaneous decision games
Credible threat
Market Structure
Unbalanced Oligopoly
12. A trigger strategy that punishes after an episode of cheating and returns to cooperation if cheating ends
Two-part pricing
Transfer pricing
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Tit-for-tat strategy
13. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
Implicit Collusion
Joint Venture
First-mover advantage
Payoff matrix
14. Keeps the price just where it is to maximize profit
Sequential-move game
Tacit collusion
Cutthroat Competition
Price discrimination
15. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Payoff matrix
Mutual interdependence
Market
16. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
Normal-form game
Tit-for-tat strategy
Vertical Merger
Sequential-move game
17. Single firm is sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes
Rothschild index
Dansby-Willig performance index
Marginal Revenue
Pure monopoly
18. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Fair return price
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Mutual interdependence
19. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Rothschild index
Limit price
Payoff matrix
Economies of scale
20. When something can be consumed without reducing the benefits available for subsequent consumption; can be consumed without supporting rivalry between consumers
Non-rivalrous consumption
Third-degree price discrimination
Leader
Ownership of a Key Input
21. The derivative of total revenue
Contestable market
Vertical Merger
Tacit collusion
Marginal Revenue
22. Steel - autos - colas - airlines
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Limit price
Barrier to entry
Examples of Oligopoly
23. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Simultaneous decision games
Transfer pricing
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Competitive market
24. The competition that domestic firms encounter from the products and services of foreign producers
Trigger strategy
Two-part pricing
Import competition
Conglomerate Merger
25. A game that is played over and over again forever and in which players receive payoffs during each play of the game
Indefinitely repeated game
Cournot oligopoly
Inefficiency
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
26. Anything that keeps new firms from entering an industry in which firms are earning economic profits (e.g. Ownership of a Key Input - Capital - Patents - Economies of scale)
Import competition
Dominant firm oligopoly
Barrier to entry
Commodity bundling
27. A situation in which neither firm has incentive to change its output given the other firm's output
Leader
Inefficiency
Product Differentiation
Cournot equilibrium
28. Single seller in an industry - Strong barriers to entry - Profit maximization - faces market demand and sets MR=MC - Unexploited gains from trade
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Monopoly (characteristics)
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Monopolistic Characteristics:
29. The price of a product that results in the most efficient allocation of an economy's resources and that is equal to the marginal cost of the product
Limit pricing
Vertical Merger
Socially optimal price
Non-cooperative equilibrium
30. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
Disappearing invisible hand
Commodity bundling
Cutthroat Competition
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
31. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Imperfect competition
Mutual interdependence
Payoff matrix
Bertrand oligopoly
32. Operates like the alleged Mafia. Region division of the market among the firms in the industry
Secure strategy
Tit-for-tat strategy
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Open Collusion
33. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Prisoners' dilemma
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Market
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
34. Identical or substitutable
Undifferentiated
Contestable market
Product Differentiation
Cournot equilibrium
35. Increases in the value of a product to each user - including existing users - as the total number of users rises
Mutual Interdependence
Imperfect competition
Limit pricing
Network effects
36. 2 firms - simplest case in an oligopoly. Profits higher if limiting their production
Duopoly
Vertical Merger
Fair return price
Transfer pricing
37. A strategy that guarantees the highest payoff given the worst possible scenario
Secure strategy
Oligopoly
Network effects
Rothschild index
38. The percentage of the total industry sales accounted for by the four largest firms in the industry. OUTPUT of 4 largest firms over TOTAL output in industry. C4=(S1+...+S4)/St or (w1+...+w4)
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Four-firm concentration ratio
Import competition
Vertical Merger
39. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Tacit collusion
Nash equilibrium
Cross-subsidy pricing
No cooperative equilibrium
40. The situation when a firm's long-run average costs fall as it increases output
Undifferentiated
Limit price
Sequential-move game
Economies of scale
41. The rules describe the setting of the game - the actions the players may take - and the consequences of those actions; -Advertising and R&D are also prisoners' dilemmas
42. A table showing - for every possible combination of decisions players can make - the outcomes or "payoffs" for each of the players in each decision combination
Payoff table
Business strategy
Cheating
First-mover advantage
43. Cooperation among firms that does not involve an explicit agreement
Socially optimal price
Payoff
Price matching
Tacit collusion
44. An equilibrium in a game in which players cooperate to increase their mutual payoff
Strategic behavior
Trigger strategy
Simultaneous consumption
Cooperative equilibrium
45. An industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce differentiated products; (3) each firm believes rivals will respond to price reductions but will not follow price increases; and (4) barriers to entry exist
Conglomerate Merger
Cutthroat Competition
Sweezy oligopoly
Randomized pricing
46. Toothpaste - shampoo - restaurants - banks
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Payoff
Extensive-form game
Repeated game
47. When the decisions of two or more firms significantly affect each others' profits
Barrier to entry
Network effects
Interdependence
Business strategy
48. If production of a good requires a particular input - then control of that input can be a barrier to entry
Block pricing
Third-degree price discrimination
Cheating
Ownership of a Key Input
49. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Price discrimination
Commodity bundling
Product differentiation
Lerner index
50. Ignoring the effects of their actions on each others' profits
Indefinitely repeated game
What is game?
Non-cooperative behavior
Monopolistic Characteristics: