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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A measure of market power - the percentage of all sales that is accounted for by the four or eight largest firms in the market
Present Value (PV)
Concentration Ratio
Lerner index
Collusion
2. Using advertising and other means to try to increase a firm's sales
Non-price competition
Vertical Merger
Payoff matrix
What is game?
3. A strategy or action that always provides the best outcome no matter what decisions rivals make
Cross-subsidy pricing
Dominant strategy
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Monopolistic Competition
4. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Kinked demand curve model
Repeated game
Implicit Collusion
Homogenous oligopoly
5. In game theory - game where parties make their moves in turn - one party making the first move followed by the other
Commodity bundling
Sequential game
Price matching
Follower
6. The price of a product that results in the most efficient allocation of an economy's resources and that is equal to the marginal cost of the product
Sequential game
Socially optimal price
Transfer pricing
Pure monopoly
7. Rules - strategies - payoffs - outcomes
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Cournot oligopoly
What is game?
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
8. When firms limit production and raise prices in a way that raises each others' profits - even though they have not made any formal agreement
Payoff table
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Tacit collusion
Homogenous oligopoly
9. A situation in which neither firm has incentive to change its output given the other firm's output
Secure strategy
Product Differentiation
Cournot equilibrium
Block pricing
10. Single seller in an industry - Strong barriers to entry - Profit maximization - faces market demand and sets MR=MC - Unexploited gains from trade
Trigger strategy
Nash equilibrium
Tit-for-tat strategy
Monopoly (characteristics)
11. When each firm has an incentive to cheat - but both are worse off if both cheat -- illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficial to do so
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12. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Competitive market
Payoff table
Collusion
Price matching
13. A combination of two or more companies into one company
Price war
Merger
Payoff table
Cross-subsidy pricing
14. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Competitive market
Product differentiation
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Business strategy
15. A trigger strategy that punishes after an episode of cheating and returns to cooperation if cheating ends
Nonprime competition
Tit-for-tat strategy
Cournot equilibrium
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
16. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Economies of scale
Secure strategy
Payoff table
17. 2 firms - simplest case in an oligopoly. Profits higher if limiting their production
Duopoly
Present Value (PV)
Cournot oligopoly
Sweezy oligopoly
18. If many firms can supply an input and the input is not specialized - the suppliers are unlikely to have the bargaining power to limit a firm's profits
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Limit pricing
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Normal-form game
19. Occurs when a firm produces output - whatever its level - at a higher cost than is necessary to produce it
Price discrimination
Inefficiency
Secure strategy
Non-price competition
20. The players end up worse off than they would if they were able to cooperate; -the pursuit of self-interest does not promote the social interest in these games
Transfer pricing
Disappearing invisible hand
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Trigger strategy
21. A situation in which all decision makers know the payoff table - and they believe all other decision makers also know the payoff table
Limit pricing
High Price Elasticity
Common knowledge
Cooperation
22. Nash equilibrium - the result when each player in a game chooses the action that maximizes his or her payoff given the actions of other players - ignoring the effects of his or her action on the payoffs received by those players (when you confess w
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Strategy
Monopolistic Characteristics:
23. Price Sensitive
High Price Elasticity
Socially optimal price
Market
Normal-form game
24. Sellers can identify different types of customers and offer each a different price. Examples are special prices for students or the elderly
Cheating
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
25. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Market
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Leader
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
26. The situation when a firm's long-run average costs fall as it increases output
Sweezy oligopoly
Economies of scale
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Non-price competition
27. Maximize economic profit by producing the quantity at which MC=MR
Simultaneous decision games
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Dansby-Willig performance index
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
28. Anything that keeps new firms from entering an industry in which firms are earning economic profits (e.g. Ownership of a Key Input - Capital - Patents - Economies of scale)
Barrier to entry
Market Structure
Present Value (PV)
Payoff matrix
29. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Payoff
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Economies of scale
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
30. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Barrier to entry
Bertrand oligopoly
Covert Collusion
Oligopoly
31. When a manager makes a noncooperative decision
Peak-load pricing
Cheating
Subgame perfect equilibrium
High Price Elasticity
32. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Leader
Present Value (PV)
33. A situation in which no one wants to change his or her behavior
Monopoly (characteristics)
Equilibrium
Credible threat
Indefinitely repeated game
34. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent by one party that the other party views as believable-- "if you do this - we will do that"
Non-rivalrous consumption
Credible threat
Covert Collusion
Merger
35. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Pure monopoly
Barrier to entry
Third-degree price discrimination
Dominant strategy
36. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Vertical Merger
Cooperation
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Repeated game
37. Identical or substitutable
Undifferentiated
Non-rivalrous consumption
Monopoly (characteristics)
Patent
38. 1/(1+i)n
Peak-load pricing
Present Value (PV)
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Strategic behavior
39. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Rent-seeking behavior
Peak-load pricing
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Extensive-form game
40. The maximum price that a buyer is willing to pay for a good - or the minimum price that a seller will accept
Reservation Price
Tit-for-tat strategy
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Non-cooperative equilibrium
41. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Non-cooperative behavior
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Marginal Revenue
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
42. The rules describe the setting of the game - the actions the players may take - and the consequences of those actions; -Advertising and R&D are also prisoners' dilemmas
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43. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Cross-subsidy pricing
Rent-seeking behavior
Mixed (randomized) strategy
44. Sets the price at the highest level that is consistent with keeping the potential entrant out. -The strategy of reducing the price to deter entry
Vertical Merger
Pure monopoly
Oligopoly
Limit pricing
45. Intense competition in which competitors cut retail prices to gain business--oligopolistic competition
Price war
Contestable market
Implicit Collusion
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
46. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Price discrimination
One-shot game
Mutual interdependence
47. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
Vertical Merger
Market Structure
Cournot oligopoly
Two-part pricing
48. A condition describing a set of strategies in which no player can improve their payoff by unilaterally changing their own strategy given the other player's strategy
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Economies of scale
Nash equilibrium
Cutthroat Competition
49. Competition based on factors that are not related to price - such as product quality - service and financing - business location - and reputation
Secure strategy
Interdependence
Cournot equilibrium
Nonprime competition
50. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Empty threat
Mutual interdependence
Dansby-Willig performance index
Limit price