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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The actions by persons - firms - or unions to gain special benefits from government at taxpayer's or someone else's expense
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Price war
Rent-seeking behavior
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
2. Price of a product that enables its producer to obtain a normal profit & that is equal to the ATC of producing it
Non-cooperative behavior
Cooperative equilibrium
Fair return price
Differentiated oligopoly
3. When firms limit production and raise prices in a way that raises each others' profits - even though they have not made any formal agreement
Repeated game
Basis for Product Differentiation
Non-price competition
Tacit collusion
4. The physical characteristics of the market within which firms interact
Marginal Revenue
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Market Structure
Extensive-form game
5. Face competition from companies that currently are not in the market but might enter
Dominant strategy equilibrium
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Kinked demand curve model
Dominant firm oligopoly
6. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Barrier to entry
Leader
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Network effects
7. Involves price-fixing
Market Structure
Covert Collusion
Price matching
Marginal Revenue
8. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Open Collusion
Cooperation
Subgame perfect equilibrium
9. Variations on one good so that a firm can increase market sharea
Brand Multiplication
Sweezy oligopoly
Leader
Price war
10. Ignoring the effects of their actions on each others' profits
Non-cooperative behavior
Indefinitely repeated game
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Unbalanced Oligopoly
11. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Normal-form game
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Payoff
Kinked demand curve model
12. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Repeated game
Kinked demand curve model
Network effects
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
13. An equilibrium in a game in which players cooperate to increase their mutual payoff
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Cooperative equilibrium
Contestable market
Price war
14. Price Sensitive
Cross-subsidy pricing
Joint Venture
High Price Elasticity
Inefficiency
15. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Payoff
Product Differentiation
Lerner index
Non-price competition
16. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Oligopoly
Third-degree price discrimination
Secure strategy
Price matching
17. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Market
Trigger strategy
Socially optimal price
Fair return price
18. A situation in which no one wants to change his or her behavior
Equilibrium
Patent
Disappearing invisible hand
Price matching
19. Industry in which (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) a single (leader) firm chooses an output quantity before their rivals select their outputs; (4) all other (follower)
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Stackelberg oligopoly
One-shot game
Basis for Product Differentiation
20. Specific assets - Economies of scale - Excess capacity - Reputation effects
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Strategic behavior
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
21. A table showing - for every possible combination of decisions players can make - the outcomes or "payoffs" for each of the players in each decision combination
Product differentiation
Price war
Inter-industry competition
Payoff table
22. 1/(1+i)n
Present Value (PV)
Collusion
Patent
Payoff matrix
23. A table that shows the payoffs that each firm earns from every combination of strategies by the firms
Monopolistic Competition
Secure strategy
Payoff matrix
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
24. An attempt by a firm to convince buyers that its product is different from the products of other firms in the industry
Product differentiation
Limit pricing
Cutthroat Competition
Price war
25. Steel - autos - colas - airlines
Examples of Oligopoly
Leader
Marginal Revenue
Market Structure
26. In game theory - game where parties make their moves in turn - one party making the first move followed by the other
Limit price
Conglomerate Merger
Sequential game
Homogenous oligopoly
27. Demand line is above ATC curve
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Market Structure
Pure monopoly
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
28. First firm to set its output (Stackelberg's model)
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Empty threat
Leader
29. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Marginal Revenue
Peak-load pricing
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
30. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Dansby-Willig performance index
Peak-load pricing
Market
31. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Bertrand oligopoly
Mutual interdependence
Stackelberg oligopoly
32. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
Price discrimination
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Network effects
33. The competition that domestic firms encounter from the products and services of foreign producers
What is game?
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Import competition
Imperfect competition
34. A product's ability to satisfy a large number of consumers at the same time
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Cross-subsidy pricing
Cheating
Simultaneous consumption
35. Single firm is sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes
Payoff matrix
Pure monopoly
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
First-mover advantage
36. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
Basis for Product Differentiation
Mutual Interdependence
Price matching
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
37. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
Cooperative equilibrium
Joint Venture
Mutual Interdependence
Randomized pricing
38. Using advertising and other means to try to increase a firm's sales
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Patent
Non-price competition
Dominant strategy
39. A strategy in which a firm advertises a price and a promise to match any lower prices offered by a competitor
Cournot equilibrium
Price matching
Lerner index
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
40. A situation in which neither firm has incentive to change its output given the other firm's output
Marginal Revenue
Cournot equilibrium
Simultaneous-move game
Reservation Price
41. Revenue-Costs
Present Value (PV)
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Third-degree price discrimination
Profit
42. When a manager makes a noncooperative decision
Collusion
Cheating
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Double marginalization
43. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Cooperative equilibrium
Credible threat
Commodity bundling
44. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Basis for Product Differentiation
Concentration Ratio
Price discrimination
45. Nash equilibrium - the result when each player in a game chooses the action that maximizes his or her payoff given the actions of other players - ignoring the effects of his or her action on the payoffs received by those players (when you confess w
Prisoners' dilemma
Oligopoly
Non-cooperative equilibrium
High Price Elasticity
46. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
Lerner index
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Monopolistic Characteristics:
What is game?
47. A condition describing a set of strategies in which no player can improve their payoff by unilaterally changing their own strategy given the other player's strategy
Import competition
Nash equilibrium
Marginal Revenue
Stackelberg oligopoly
48. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a differentiated product
Joint Venture
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Differentiated oligopoly
Bargaining Power of Buyers
49. When something can be consumed without reducing the benefits available for subsequent consumption; can be consumed without supporting rivalry between consumers
Price discrimination
Import competition
Non-rivalrous consumption
Repeated game
50. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Product Differentiation
Price matching
Bertrand oligopoly
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing