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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Covert Collusion
Payoff
Bertrand oligopoly
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
2. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
Sequential-move game
Joint Venture
Strategy
Kinked-demand curve
3. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Kinked demand curve model
Price discrimination
Payoff matrix
4. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Contestable market
Cournot oligopoly
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
5. Rival who sets its output after the leader (Stackelberg's model)
Rothschild index
Price war
Follower
Implicit Collusion
6. Maximize economic profit by producing the quantity at which MC=MR
Collusion
Common knowledge
Imperfect competition
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
7. 2 firms - simplest case in an oligopoly. Profits higher if limiting their production
Duopoly
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Lerner index
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
8. Identical or substitutable
Marginal Revenue
Kinked-demand curve
Contestable market
Undifferentiated
9. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Pure monopoly
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Bertrand oligopoly
Contestable market
10. Pricing strategy in which consumers are charged a fixed fee for the right to purchase a product - plus a per-unit charge for each unit purchased
Extensive-form game
Import competition
Two-part pricing
Interdependence
11. Pricing strategy in which identical products are packaged together in order to enhance profits by forcing customers to make an all-or-none decision to purchase
Sequential-move game
Block pricing
Cutthroat Competition
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
12. An equilibrium in a game in which players cooperate to increase their mutual payoff
Pure monopoly
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Cooperative equilibrium
13. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent easily dismissed by recipient because threat not considered believable
Empty threat
Common knowledge
Cournot equilibrium
Two-part pricing
14. A situation in which competing firms must make their individual decisions without knowing the decisions of their rivals
Monopoly (characteristics)
Lerner index
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Simultaneous decision games
15. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
Conglomerate Merger
Fair return price
Brand Multiplication
Non-cooperative equilibrium
16. Sets the price at the highest level that is consistent with keeping the potential entrant out. -The strategy of reducing the price to deter entry
Dansby-Willig performance index
Limit pricing
Examples of Oligopoly
Pure monopoly
17. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Basis for Product Differentiation
Economies of scale
Payoff
Inter-industry competition
18. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Profit
Commodity bundling
Limit pricing
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
19. An oligopoly in which the sales of the leading (top four) firms are distributed unevenly among them
Fair return price
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Unbalanced Oligopoly
No cooperative equilibrium
20. Involves price-fixing
Barrier to entry
Pure monopoly
Covert Collusion
Extensive-form game
21. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
Tit-for-tat strategy
Present Value (PV)
Cooperation
Competitive market
22. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
Market Structure
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Indefinitely repeated game
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
23. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a standardized product
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Homogenous oligopoly
Tacit collusion
24. A situation where one firm is able to provide a service at a lower cost than could several competing firms
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Brand Multiplication
Credible threat
Cross-subsidy pricing
25. The players end up worse off than they would if they were able to cooperate; -the pursuit of self-interest does not promote the social interest in these games
Prisoner's dilemma
Merger
Basis for Product Differentiation
Disappearing invisible hand
26. A game that is played over and over again forever and in which players receive payoffs during each play of the game
Third-degree price discrimination
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Indefinitely repeated game
Examples of Oligopoly
27. In game theory - a decision rule that describes the actions a player will take at each decision point
Brand Multiplication
Strategy
Payoff matrix
Merger
28. A strategy that guarantees the highest payoff given the worst possible scenario
Secure strategy
Common knowledge
Rothschild index
Nash equilibrium
29. In game theory - benefit obtained by party that moves first in a sequential game
First-mover advantage
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Tacit collusion
What is game?
30. A simpler way to operationalize first-degree price discrimination
Simultaneous-move game
Homogenous oligopoly
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Sweezy oligopoly
31. The demand curve for a non-collusive oligopolist - which is based on the assumption that rivals will match a price decrease and will ignore a price increase
Fair return price
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Kinked-demand curve
Two-part pricing
32. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Cooperative equilibrium
Payoff
Prisoners' dilemma
33. A strategy in which a firm advertises a price and a promise to match any lower prices offered by a competitor
Rent-seeking behavior
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Price matching
34. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Nonprime competition
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Limit price
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
35. If many firms can supply an input and the input is not specialized - the suppliers are unlikely to have the bargaining power to limit a firm's profits
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Socially optimal price
Limit price
36. A measure of the difference between price and marginal cost as a fraction of the product's price. L=(P-MC)/P - refactoring gives: P=MC(1/(1-L)) - which gives us the "1/(1-L)" markup factor
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Market
Lerner index
Differentiated oligopoly
37. Operates like the alleged Mafia. Region division of the market among the firms in the industry
Mutual interdependence
Open Collusion
First-mover advantage
Sweezy oligopoly
38. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Barrier to entry
Third-degree price discrimination
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Indefinitely repeated game
39. The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented
Prisoners' dilemma
Sequential-move game
Strategic behavior
Patent
40. A situation in which all decision makers know the payoff table - and they believe all other decision makers also know the payoff table
Common knowledge
Reservation Price
Payoff
Non-rivalrous consumption
41. The percentage of the total industry sales accounted for by the four largest firms in the industry. OUTPUT of 4 largest firms over TOTAL output in industry. C4=(S1+...+S4)/St or (w1+...+w4)
Four-firm concentration ratio
Sequential-move game
Randomized pricing
Differentiated oligopoly
42. A table that shows the payoffs that each firm earns from every combination of strategies by the firms
Import competition
Pure monopoly
Payoff matrix
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
43. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Concentration Ratio
Cross-subsidy pricing
Conglomerate Merger
44. Multiple firms make the same pricing decisions even though they have not explicitly consulted with each other
Cooperation
Implicit Collusion
Product differentiation
Mutual interdependence
45. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
No cooperative equilibrium
Merger
Lerner index
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
46. Occurs when a firm produces output - whatever its level - at a higher cost than is necessary to produce it
Imperfect competition
Inefficiency
Differentiated oligopoly
Cournot oligopoly
47. Nash equilibrium - the result when each player in a game chooses the action that maximizes his or her payoff given the actions of other players - ignoring the effects of his or her action on the payoffs received by those players (when you confess w
Limit pricing
Imperfect competition
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Disappearing invisible hand
48. When each firm has an incentive to cheat - but both are worse off if both cheat -- illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficial to do so
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49. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a differentiated product
Simultaneous decision games
Price discrimination
Differentiated oligopoly
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
50. Sellers can identify different types of customers and offer each a different price. Examples are special prices for students or the elderly
Sequential game
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Reservation Price