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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Game in which each player makes decisions without knowledge of the other player's decisions
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Disappearing invisible hand
Non-cooperative behavior
Simultaneous-move game
2. When each firm has an incentive to cheat - but both are worse off if both cheat -- illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficial to do so
3. Keeps the price just where it is to maximize profit
Transfer pricing
Follower
Vertical Merger
Cutthroat Competition
4. In game theory - game where parties make their moves in turn - one party making the first move followed by the other
Sequential game
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Cross-subsidy pricing
Product Differentiation
5. First firm to set its output (Stackelberg's model)
Economies of scale
Leader
Price matching
Nash equilibrium
6. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
Mutual Interdependence
Cooperative equilibrium
Third-degree price discrimination
Leader
7. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Cooperation
Tit-for-tat strategy
Dominant strategy
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
8. A condition describing a set of strategies in which no player can improve their payoff by unilaterally changing their own strategy given the other player's strategy
Peak-load pricing
Patent
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Nash equilibrium
9. Multiple firms make the same pricing decisions even though they have not explicitly consulted with each other
Open Collusion
Vertical Merger
Price discrimination
Implicit Collusion
10. Rules - strategies - payoffs - outcomes
Tacit collusion
What is game?
Collusion
Subgame perfect equilibrium
11. Sets the price at the highest level that is consistent with keeping the potential entrant out. -The strategy of reducing the price to deter entry
Product differentiation
Limit pricing
Covert Collusion
Undifferentiated
12. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent by one party that the other party views as believable-- "if you do this - we will do that"
Payoff
One-shot game
Credible threat
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
13. In game theory - benefit obtained by party that moves first in a sequential game
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Third-degree price discrimination
First-mover advantage
Network effects
14. Face competition from companies that currently are not in the market but might enter
Cutthroat Competition
Price Leadership
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Simultaneous-move game
15. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Inter-industry competition
Block pricing
Ownership of a Key Input
Dominant firm oligopoly
16. Anything that keeps new firms from entering an industry in which firms are earning economic profits (e.g. Ownership of a Key Input - Capital - Patents - Economies of scale)
Contestable market
Bertrand oligopoly
Extensive-form game
Barrier to entry
17. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
Mutual interdependence
First-mover advantage
Secure strategy
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
18. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Mutual interdependence
Profit
19. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Commodity bundling
Strategy
Interdependence
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
20. When something can be consumed without reducing the benefits available for subsequent consumption; can be consumed without supporting rivalry between consumers
Prisoners' dilemma
Strategy
Secure strategy
Non-rivalrous consumption
21. Pricing strategy in which a firm optimally sets the internal price at which an upstream division wells an input to a downstream division
Transfer pricing
Differentiated oligopoly
Price discrimination
Normal-form game
22. An industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce differentiated products; (3) each firm believes rivals will respond to price reductions but will not follow price increases; and (4) barriers to entry exist
Open Collusion
Non-rivalrous consumption
Sweezy oligopoly
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
23. Marginal cost curve above average variable cost - P* = SRMC
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Sequential game
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
24. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Limit price
Sequential-move game
Dominant strategy
25. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Covert Collusion
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Payoff
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
26. Takes Place inside the Mind of the consumer
Business strategy
Lerner index
Product Differentiation
Payoff
27. When the decisions of two or more firms significantly affect each others' profits
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Normal-form game
Disappearing invisible hand
Interdependence
28. Price of a product that enables its producer to obtain a normal profit & that is equal to the ATC of producing it
Fair return price
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Ownership of a Key Input
Dominant firm oligopoly
29. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Trigger strategy
Cutthroat Competition
Follower
Common knowledge
30. A situation where one firm is able to provide a service at a lower cost than could several competing firms
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Repeated game
Strategy
Dansby-Willig performance index
31. The situation when a firm's long-run average costs fall as it increases output
Business strategy
Joint Venture
Simultaneous decision games
Economies of scale
32. The derivative of total revenue
Two-part pricing
Marginal Revenue
Import competition
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
33. A representation of a game indicating the players - their possible strategies - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Vertical Merger
Normal-form game
Prisoners' dilemma
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
34. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Payoff matrix
Simultaneous-move game
Third-degree price discrimination
Randomized pricing
35. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
Payoff
Vertical Merger
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Nash equilibrium
36. If many firms can supply an input and the input is not specialized - the suppliers are unlikely to have the bargaining power to limit a firm's profits
Nonprime competition
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Normal-form game
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
37. Maximize economic profit by producing the quantity at which MC=MR
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Examples of Oligopoly
Repeated game
38. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Non-rivalrous consumption
Patent
Oligopoly
Finding profit for oligopoly games
39. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Oligopoly
Price Leadership
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Marginal Revenue
40. Intense competition in which competitors cut retail prices to gain business--oligopolistic competition
Price discrimination
Present Value (PV)
Price war
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
41. An oligopoly in which the sales of the leading (top four) firms are distributed unevenly among them
Rothschild index
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Sequential game
Cooperation
42. Actions taken by firms to plan for and react to competition from rival firms
One-shot game
Strategic behavior
Interdependence
Dominant firm oligopoly
43. If production of a good requires a particular input - then control of that input can be a barrier to entry
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Dominant strategy
Ownership of a Key Input
Joint Venture
44. Industry in which (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) a single (leader) firm chooses an output quantity before their rivals select their outputs; (4) all other (follower)
Duopoly
Stackelberg oligopoly
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
45. Cooperation among firms that does not involve an explicit agreement
Strategy
Market
Import competition
Tacit collusion
46. Revenue-Costs
High Price Elasticity
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Profit
Two-part pricing
47. A game that is played over and over again forever and in which players receive payoffs during each play of the game
Product Differentiation
Commodity bundling
Indefinitely repeated game
Block pricing
48. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Cross-subsidy pricing
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
No cooperative equilibrium
Two-part pricing
49. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Fair return price
Cross-subsidy pricing
Nonprime competition
Mixed (randomized) strategy
50. Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount
Mutual Interdependence
Dansby-Willig performance index
Kinked demand curve model
Randomized pricing