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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Market
Kinked-demand curve
Rothschild index
Present Value (PV)
2. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Nash equilibrium
Monopolistic Competition
Equilibrium
Cournot oligopoly
3. An establishment firm commits to setting price below the profit-maximizing level to prevent entry
Undifferentiated
One-shot game
Limit pricing
Brand Multiplication
4. Pricing strategy in which identical products are packaged together in order to enhance profits by forcing customers to make an all-or-none decision to purchase
Payoff matrix
Simultaneous-move game
Joint Venture
Block pricing
5. A situation where one firm is able to provide a service at a lower cost than could several competing firms
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Common knowledge
Disappearing invisible hand
Duopoly
6. Actions taken by firms to plan for and react to competition from rival firms
One-shot game
Strategic behavior
Merger
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
7. An oligopoly in which the sales of the leading (top four) firms are distributed unevenly among them
Payoff
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Brand Multiplication
Unbalanced Oligopoly
8. Price Sensitive
Prisoners' dilemma
Dominant strategy equilibrium
High Price Elasticity
Non-cooperative behavior
9. Toothpaste - shampoo - restaurants - banks
Tacit collusion
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Payoff
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
10. Sellers can identify different types of customers and offer each a different price. Examples are special prices for students or the elderly
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Imperfect competition
Homogenous oligopoly
Horizontal Merger/Integration
11. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Contestable market
Limit pricing
Trigger strategy
Market Structure
12. Demand line is above ATC curve
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Contestable market
Sweezy oligopoly
13. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Homogenous oligopoly
Block pricing
Implicit Collusion
Cooperation
14. The situation when a firm's long-run average costs fall as it increases output
Economies of scale
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Imperfect competition
15. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
Price discrimination
Duopoly
Payoff table
Transfer pricing
16. Keeps the price just where it is to maximize profit
Patent
Homogenous oligopoly
Cutthroat Competition
Strategic behavior
17. The actions by persons - firms - or unions to gain special benefits from government at taxpayer's or someone else's expense
Product differentiation
Sequential game
Rent-seeking behavior
Monopolistic Characteristics:
18. A combination of two or more companies into one company
Merger
Monopolistic Competition
Joint Venture
Reservation Price
19. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Equilibrium
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Product differentiation
Monopolistic Competition
20. A table that shows the payoffs that each firm earns from every combination of strategies by the firms
Simultaneous consumption
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Payoff matrix
21. An equilibrium in a game in which players do not cooperate but pursue their own self-interest
Cournot equilibrium
No cooperative equilibrium
Disappearing invisible hand
Stackelberg oligopoly
22. A measure of the difference between price and marginal cost as a fraction of the product's price. L=(P-MC)/P - refactoring gives: P=MC(1/(1-L)) - which gives us the "1/(1-L)" markup factor
Cheating
Lerner index
Block pricing
Non-rivalrous consumption
23. Specific assets - Economies of scale - Excess capacity - Reputation effects
Mutual interdependence
Indefinitely repeated game
Oligopoly
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
24. A situation in which neither firm has incentive to change its output given the other firm's output
Cutthroat Competition
Third-degree price discrimination
Cournot equilibrium
Rent-seeking behavior
25. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a differentiated product
Differentiated oligopoly
High Price Elasticity
Trigger strategy
Tacit collusion
26. Takes Place inside the Mind of the consumer
Import competition
Product Differentiation
Kinked demand curve model
One-shot game
27. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Double marginalization
Reservation Price
Mutual interdependence
Subgame perfect equilibrium
28. In game theory - a decision rule that describes the actions a player will take at each decision point
Sweezy oligopoly
Strategy
Concentration Ratio
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
29. Anything that keeps new firms from entering an industry in which firms are earning economic profits (e.g. Ownership of a Key Input - Capital - Patents - Economies of scale)
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Tacit collusion
Payoff matrix
Barrier to entry
30. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
No cooperative equilibrium
Sequential-move game
Empty threat
Price war
31. Price of a product that enables its producer to obtain a normal profit & that is equal to the ATC of producing it
Conglomerate Merger
Fair return price
Cournot oligopoly
Common knowledge
32. A simpler way to operationalize first-degree price discrimination
Leader
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
First-mover advantage
33. Intense competition in which competitors cut retail prices to gain business--oligopolistic competition
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Leader
Concentration Ratio
Price war
34. The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented
Joint Venture
Kinked demand curve model
Business strategy
Patent
35. The demand curve for a non-collusive oligopolist - which is based on the assumption that rivals will match a price decrease and will ignore a price increase
Collusion
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Limit pricing
Kinked-demand curve
36. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Commodity bundling
Market Structure
Mutual interdependence
Price Leadership
37. A representation of a game that summarizes the players - the information available to them at each stage - the strategies available to them - the sequence of moves - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Oligopoly
Bertrand oligopoly
Extensive-form game
Reservation Price
38. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Socially optimal price
Payoff matrix
Undifferentiated
39. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Undifferentiated
Bertrand oligopoly
Joint Venture
Cooperative equilibrium
40. 1/(1+i)n
Equilibrium
What is game?
Present Value (PV)
Covert Collusion
41. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Joint Venture
Collusion
Limit pricing
Oligopoly
42. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Tacit collusion
Payoff matrix
Kinked demand curve model
Payoff table
43. An equilibrium in a game in which players cooperate to increase their mutual payoff
Cooperative equilibrium
Dominant strategy
First-mover advantage
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
44. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
Price Leadership
Mutual Interdependence
Conglomerate Merger
Product Differentiation
45. Marginal cost curve above average variable cost - P* = SRMC
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Simultaneous-move game
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Barrier to entry
46. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
First-mover advantage
Socially optimal price
Mutual Interdependence
Inter-industry competition
47. If buyers have enough bargaining power - they can insist on lower prices - higher-quality products - or additional services
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Secure strategy
Product Differentiation
Non-price competition
48. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Mutual interdependence
Payoff matrix
Subgame perfect equilibrium
49. One large firm that has a significant cost advantage over many other - smaller competing firms; -the large firm operates as a monopoly: setting price and output to maximize profit; -the small firms act as perfect competitors: taking as given the mar
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Dominant firm oligopoly
Market Structure
Simultaneous decision games
50. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Imperfect competition
Monopolistic Characteristics: