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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Produce identical products
Two-part pricing
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
2. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
Payoff table
Basis for Product Differentiation
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Follower
3. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Empty threat
One-shot game
4. When each firm has an incentive to cheat - but both are worse off if both cheat -- illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficial to do so
5. 1/(1+i)n
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Disappearing invisible hand
Interdependence
Present Value (PV)
6. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Two-part pricing
Payoff
Monopoly (characteristics)
Bertrand oligopoly
7. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Third-degree price discrimination
Price matching
Market
Price discrimination
8. The price of a product that results in the most efficient allocation of an economy's resources and that is equal to the marginal cost of the product
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
One-shot game
Socially optimal price
Product differentiation
9. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
Empty threat
Economies of scale
Third-degree price discrimination
Conglomerate Merger
10. The rules describe the setting of the game - the actions the players may take - and the consequences of those actions; -Advertising and R&D are also prisoners' dilemmas
11. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Dominant firm oligopoly
Block pricing
Kinked demand curve model
One-shot game
12. Using advertising and other means to try to increase a firm's sales
Non-price competition
Common knowledge
Limit price
Sequential-move game
13. The demand curve for a non-collusive oligopolist - which is based on the assumption that rivals will match a price decrease and will ignore a price increase
Tacit collusion
Kinked-demand curve
Patent
First-mover advantage
14. When a manager makes a noncooperative decision
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Cheating
Fair return price
Limit pricing
15. When the decisions of two or more firms significantly affect each others' profits
Interdependence
Pure monopoly
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Limit price
16. The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented
Sequential-move game
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Patent
Empty threat
17. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
First-mover advantage
Collusion
Sequential-move game
18. The smallest quantity at which the average cost curve reaches its minimum
Indefinitely repeated game
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Brand Multiplication
Block pricing
19. An index of market concentration. Sum of squared market shares of all the firms in the industry times 10K HHI=10 - 000Σwi2
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Monopolistic Competition
Duopoly
Non-cooperative equilibrium
20. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Brand Multiplication
Ownership of a Key Input
Trigger strategy
Payoff
21. The situation when a firm's long-run average costs fall as it increases output
Economies of scale
Merger
Follower
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
22. A strategy in which a firm advertises a price and a promise to match any lower prices offered by a competitor
Covert Collusion
Two-part pricing
Price matching
Peak-load pricing
23. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Equilibrium
Price discrimination
Nonprime competition
Finding profit for oligopoly games
24. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Interdependence
Dansby-Willig performance index
Cooperation
25. A situation where one firm is able to provide a service at a lower cost than could several competing firms
Profit
Inter-industry competition
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Duopoly
26. First firm to set its output (Stackelberg's model)
Open Collusion
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Leader
Cooperation
27. Cooperation among firms that does not involve an explicit agreement
Rothschild index
Price Leadership
Tacit collusion
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
28. The players end up worse off than they would if they were able to cooperate; -the pursuit of self-interest does not promote the social interest in these games
Disappearing invisible hand
Economies of scale
Cournot oligopoly
Cheating
29. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Simultaneous-move game
Indefinitely repeated game
Inter-industry competition
30. An attempt by a firm to convince buyers that its product is different from the products of other firms in the industry
Product differentiation
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Price matching
Socially optimal price
31. If buyers have enough bargaining power - they can insist on lower prices - higher-quality products - or additional services
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Payoff
32. Demand line is above ATC curve
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Simultaneous-move game
Price war
Disappearing invisible hand
33. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Nash equilibrium
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Cournot oligopoly
34. When firms limit production and raise prices in a way that raises each others' profits - even though they have not made any formal agreement
Cross-subsidy pricing
Concentration Ratio
Mutual interdependence
Tacit collusion
35. A product's ability to satisfy a large number of consumers at the same time
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Contestable market
Simultaneous consumption
36. An industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce differentiated products; (3) each firm believes rivals will respond to price reductions but will not follow price increases; and (4) barriers to entry exist
Cournot equilibrium
Tacit collusion
Sweezy oligopoly
Stackelberg oligopoly
37. Rules - strategies - payoffs - outcomes
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Simultaneous decision games
Payoff matrix
What is game?
38. A strategy that guarantees the highest payoff given the worst possible scenario
Undifferentiated
Secure strategy
Limit pricing
Equilibrium
39. A strategy or action that always provides the best outcome no matter what decisions rivals make
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Dominant strategy
Product Differentiation
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
40. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Open Collusion
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Commodity bundling
Secure strategy
41. When managers are able to charge each consumer their reservation price. Examples are car and home sales
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Price war
Price Leadership
Inefficiency
42. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Sequential-move game
Disappearing invisible hand
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Dominant strategy
43. Game in which each player makes decisions without knowledge of the other player's decisions
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Simultaneous-move game
Open Collusion
Non-rivalrous consumption
44. A measure of the sensitivity to price of a product group as a whole relative to the sensitivity of the quantity demanded of a single firm to a change in its price. R=Et/Ef
Open Collusion
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Examples of Oligopoly
Rothschild index
45. Pricing strategy in which a firm intentionally varies its price in an attempt to "hide" price information from consumers and rivals
Cooperative equilibrium
Randomized pricing
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Product differentiation
46. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Prisoner's dilemma
Marginal Revenue
Oligopoly
Horizontal Merger/Integration
47. Both players have dominant strategies and play them
Differentiated oligopoly
Empty threat
Cutthroat Competition
Dominant strategy equilibrium
48. Marginal cost curve above average variable cost - P* = SRMC
Dominant firm oligopoly
Repeated game
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Undifferentiated
49. Rival who sets its output after the leader (Stackelberg's model)
Nonprime competition
Fair return price
Oligopoly
Follower
50. A table that shows the payoffs for every possible action by each player for every possible action by the other player
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Extensive-form game
Economies of scale
Payoff matrix