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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Concentration Ratio
Third-degree price discrimination
Peak-load pricing
Oligopoly
2. A table that shows the payoffs that each firm earns from every combination of strategies by the firms
Payoff matrix
Market Structure
Covert Collusion
Merger
3. Identical or substitutable
Nash equilibrium
Import competition
Undifferentiated
Cournot equilibrium
4. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
Leader
Mutual interdependence
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Duopoly
5. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Extensive-form game
Nonprime competition
Payoff
Marginal Revenue
6. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Credible threat
Joint Venture
Inter-industry competition
Cooperation
7. Intense competition in which competitors cut retail prices to gain business--oligopolistic competition
Payoff matrix
Brand Multiplication
Price war
Bertrand oligopoly
8. Variations on one good so that a firm can increase market sharea
Covert Collusion
Brand Multiplication
Imperfect competition
Simultaneous-move game
9. Competition based on factors that are not related to price - such as product quality - service and financing - business location - and reputation
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Collusion
Nonprime competition
Payoff table
10. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Block pricing
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Dansby-Willig performance index
Cross-subsidy pricing
11. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Third-degree price discrimination
Limit pricing
Bertrand oligopoly
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
12. In game theory - game where parties make their moves in turn - one party making the first move followed by the other
Double marginalization
Network effects
Tacit collusion
Sequential game
13. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Product Differentiation
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Double marginalization
Indefinitely repeated game
14. Multiple firms make the same pricing decisions even though they have not explicitly consulted with each other
Price war
Implicit Collusion
Conglomerate Merger
Finding profit for oligopoly games
15. Pricing strategy in which consumers are charged a fixed fee for the right to purchase a product - plus a per-unit charge for each unit purchased
Payoff matrix
Two-part pricing
Normal-form game
Market
16. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Indefinitely repeated game
Non-price competition
Payoff table
Bertrand oligopoly
17. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Dansby-Willig performance index
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Payoff
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
18. Maximize economic profit by producing the quantity at which MC=MR
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Differentiated oligopoly
19. In game theory - benefit obtained by party that moves first in a sequential game
Credible threat
Non-cooperative behavior
First-mover advantage
Monopolistic Competition
20. A trigger strategy that punishes after an episode of cheating and returns to cooperation if cheating ends
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Tit-for-tat strategy
Oligopoly
Cournot equilibrium
21. Nash equilibrium - the result when each player in a game chooses the action that maximizes his or her payoff given the actions of other players - ignoring the effects of his or her action on the payoffs received by those players (when you confess w
Dominant firm oligopoly
Transfer pricing
Payoff table
Non-cooperative equilibrium
22. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Extensive-form game
Market
Non-price competition
Price Leadership
23. The demand curve for a non-collusive oligopolist - which is based on the assumption that rivals will match a price decrease and will ignore a price increase
Differentiated oligopoly
Kinked-demand curve
Non-price competition
Market
24. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Simultaneous decision games
Stackelberg oligopoly
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
25. If buyers have enough bargaining power - they can insist on lower prices - higher-quality products - or additional services
Monopoly (characteristics)
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Dominant firm oligopoly
26. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Bertrand oligopoly
Kinked demand curve model
Trigger strategy
27. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Cournot oligopoly
Oligopoly
Interdependence
Payoff matrix
28. Ignoring the effects of their actions on each others' profits
Cournot oligopoly
Kinked-demand curve
Implicit Collusion
Non-cooperative behavior
29. Using advertising and other means to try to increase a firm's sales
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Present Value (PV)
Concentration Ratio
Non-price competition
30. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Two-part pricing
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Imperfect competition
31. The situation when a firm's long-run average costs fall as it increases output
Economies of scale
Patent
Tacit collusion
Tacit collusion
32. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
Payoff matrix
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Randomized pricing
Concentration Ratio
33. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Strategic behavior
Block pricing
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Mixed (randomized) strategy
34. Actions taken by firms to plan for and react to competition from rival firms
Inter-industry competition
Strategic behavior
Vertical Merger
Two-part pricing
35. An equilibrium in a game in which players do not cooperate but pursue their own self-interest
Double marginalization
No cooperative equilibrium
Tacit collusion
Bertrand oligopoly
36. In game theory - a decision rule that describes the actions a player will take at each decision point
Strategy
Duopoly
Simultaneous decision games
Strategic behavior
37. Single seller in an industry - Strong barriers to entry - Profit maximization - faces market demand and sets MR=MC - Unexploited gains from trade
Monopoly (characteristics)
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Imperfect competition
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
38. A measure of the difference between price and marginal cost as a fraction of the product's price. L=(P-MC)/P - refactoring gives: P=MC(1/(1-L)) - which gives us the "1/(1-L)" markup factor
Ownership of a Key Input
Sequential-move game
Lerner index
Extensive-form game
39. Sellers can identify different types of customers and offer each a different price. Examples are special prices for students or the elderly
Present Value (PV)
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Payoff matrix
40. Price Sensitive
Cooperative equilibrium
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Basis for Product Differentiation
High Price Elasticity
41. The percentage of the total industry sales accounted for by the four largest firms in the industry. OUTPUT of 4 largest firms over TOTAL output in industry. C4=(S1+...+S4)/St or (w1+...+w4)
Double marginalization
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Four-firm concentration ratio
42. Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount
Joint Venture
Dansby-Willig performance index
Simultaneous decision games
Market
43. A strategy in which a firm advertises a price and a promise to match any lower prices offered by a competitor
Two-part pricing
Sequential game
Collusion
Price matching
44. Keeps the price just where it is to maximize profit
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Cutthroat Competition
High Price Elasticity
Cheating
45. Involves price-fixing
Covert Collusion
Implicit Collusion
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Vertical Merger
46. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
Joint Venture
Basis for Product Differentiation
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Socially optimal price
47. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Sequential-move game
Price Leadership
Non-rivalrous consumption
Cooperation
48. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
Transfer pricing
Vertical Merger
Conglomerate Merger
Prisoners' dilemma
49. The price of a product that results in the most efficient allocation of an economy's resources and that is equal to the marginal cost of the product
Socially optimal price
Product Differentiation
Inefficiency
Barrier to entry
50. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Collusion
Cutthroat Competition
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Product Differentiation