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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A market in which: (1) all have access to the same technology; (2) consumers respond quickly to price changes; (3) existing firms cannot respond quickly to entry by lowering their prices; and (4) there are no sunk costs
Contestable market
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Payoff matrix
Marginal Revenue
2. Sellers can identify different types of customers and offer each a different price. Examples are special prices for students or the elderly
Conglomerate Merger
Four-firm concentration ratio
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Simultaneous decision games
3. When something can be consumed without reducing the benefits available for subsequent consumption; can be consumed without supporting rivalry between consumers
Non-rivalrous consumption
Kinked demand curve model
Disappearing invisible hand
Equilibrium
4. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
What is game?
Horizontal Merger/Integration
5. The physical characteristics of the market within which firms interact
Cournot equilibrium
Open Collusion
Market Structure
Leader
6. A combination of two or more companies into one company
Merger
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Kinked demand curve model
Concentration Ratio
7. The derivative of total revenue
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Marginal Revenue
Payoff matrix
8. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent easily dismissed by recipient because threat not considered believable
Dominant firm oligopoly
Cournot equilibrium
Empty threat
Finding profit for oligopoly games
9. The maximum price that a buyer is willing to pay for a good - or the minimum price that a seller will accept
Reservation Price
No cooperative equilibrium
Tit-for-tat strategy
Price discrimination
10. The demand curve for a non-collusive oligopolist - which is based on the assumption that rivals will match a price decrease and will ignore a price increase
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Nash equilibrium
No cooperative equilibrium
Kinked-demand curve
11. The competition that domestic firms encounter from the products and services of foreign producers
High Price Elasticity
Import competition
Follower
Cooperative equilibrium
12. When no one firm has a monopoly - but producers nonetheless realize that they can affect market prices. Firms compete but possess market power
Simultaneous decision games
Equilibrium
Dominant strategy
Imperfect competition
13. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Prisoner's dilemma
Simultaneous-move game
Marginal Revenue
Payoff
14. An equilibrium in a game in which players cooperate to increase their mutual payoff
Strategic behavior
Sweezy oligopoly
Cooperative equilibrium
Cross-subsidy pricing
15. A situation in which neither firm has incentive to change its output given the other firm's output
Import competition
Cournot equilibrium
Oligopoly
Equilibrium
16. Rules - strategies - payoffs - outcomes
What is game?
Tit-for-tat strategy
Payoff matrix
Horizontal Merger/Integration
17. Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount
Dansby-Willig performance index
Interdependence
Brand Multiplication
Mutual Interdependence
18. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Vertical Merger
High Price Elasticity
Cheating
Peak-load pricing
19. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Cooperative equilibrium
Sequential-move game
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Inefficiency
20. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Trigger strategy
What is game?
Fair return price
Covert Collusion
21. If many firms can supply an input and the input is not specialized - the suppliers are unlikely to have the bargaining power to limit a firm's profits
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Strategic behavior
Pure monopoly
Normal-form game
22. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Non-rivalrous consumption
Repeated game
Leader
23. In game theory - benefit obtained by party that moves first in a sequential game
Nash equilibrium
Secure strategy
Double marginalization
First-mover advantage
24. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Cheating
Cournot oligopoly
Open Collusion
25. A firm whose price decisions are tacitly accepted and followed by others in the industry
Simultaneous consumption
Price Leadership
Equilibrium
Monopoly (characteristics)
26. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Joint Venture
Credible threat
27. Increases in the value of a product to each user - including existing users - as the total number of users rises
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Simultaneous-move game
Cutthroat Competition
Network effects
28. A representation of a game indicating the players - their possible strategies - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Normal-form game
No cooperative equilibrium
Payoff matrix
Two-part pricing
29. If buyers have enough bargaining power - they can insist on lower prices - higher-quality products - or additional services
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Dansby-Willig performance index
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
30. A measure of the difference between price and marginal cost as a fraction of the product's price. L=(P-MC)/P - refactoring gives: P=MC(1/(1-L)) - which gives us the "1/(1-L)" markup factor
Rent-seeking behavior
Reservation Price
Joint Venture
Lerner index
31. The price of a product that results in the most efficient allocation of an economy's resources and that is equal to the marginal cost of the product
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Socially optimal price
Dominant strategy
Network effects
32. A product's ability to satisfy a large number of consumers at the same time
Simultaneous consumption
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Subgame perfect equilibrium
33. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a differentiated product
Differentiated oligopoly
Transfer pricing
Competitive market
Cooperative equilibrium
34. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
Conglomerate Merger
Sequential-move game
Brand Multiplication
Cournot equilibrium
35. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Cooperation
Fair return price
Monopolistic Characteristics:
36. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Nonprime competition
Commodity bundling
Kinked-demand curve
37. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Market
Price war
Secure strategy
Block pricing
38. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Nonprime competition
Oligopoly
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Barrier to entry
39. Single seller in an industry - Strong barriers to entry - Profit maximization - faces market demand and sets MR=MC - Unexploited gains from trade
Dominant firm oligopoly
Pure monopoly
Four-firm concentration ratio
Monopoly (characteristics)
40. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
Two-part pricing
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
41. Multiple firms make the same pricing decisions even though they have not explicitly consulted with each other
Price Leadership
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Implicit Collusion
What is game?
42. Produce identical products
First-mover advantage
Price war
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
43. A situation where one firm is able to provide a service at a lower cost than could several competing firms
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Implicit Collusion
Extensive-form game
44. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Joint Venture
Contestable market
Vertical Merger
45. Ignoring the effects of their actions on each others' profits
Simultaneous consumption
Non-cooperative behavior
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Cournot oligopoly
46. The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Block pricing
Patent
Stackelberg oligopoly
47. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Prisoner's dilemma
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Cross-subsidy pricing
Imperfect competition
48. Cooperation among firms that does not involve an explicit agreement
Follower
Business strategy
Tacit collusion
Basis for Product Differentiation
49. Actions taken by firms to plan for and react to competition from rival firms
Strategic behavior
Double marginalization
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Inter-industry competition
50. A trigger strategy that punishes after an episode of cheating and returns to cooperation if cheating ends
Prisoner's dilemma
Sequential-move game
Tit-for-tat strategy
Equilibrium