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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Using advertising and other means to try to increase a firm's sales
Non-price competition
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
High Price Elasticity
Nash equilibrium
2. A market in which: (1) all have access to the same technology; (2) consumers respond quickly to price changes; (3) existing firms cannot respond quickly to entry by lowering their prices; and (4) there are no sunk costs
Inefficiency
Contestable market
Non-cooperative behavior
Simultaneous decision games
3. Marginal cost curve above average variable cost - P* = SRMC
Normal-form game
Sweezy oligopoly
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
First-mover advantage
4. When firms limit production and raise prices in a way that raises each others' profits - even though they have not made any formal agreement
Tacit collusion
Limit pricing
Simultaneous-move game
Price Leadership
5. A representation of a game that summarizes the players - the information available to them at each stage - the strategies available to them - the sequence of moves - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Extensive-form game
Simultaneous consumption
Credible threat
Tacit collusion
6. A situation in which no one wants to change his or her behavior
Cournot oligopoly
Equilibrium
Marginal Revenue
Extensive-form game
7. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
Open Collusion
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Examples of Oligopoly
Vertical Merger
8. Anything that keeps new firms from entering an industry in which firms are earning economic profits (e.g. Ownership of a Key Input - Capital - Patents - Economies of scale)
Indefinitely repeated game
Limit pricing
Barrier to entry
Non-cooperative behavior
9. An equilibrium in a game in which players do not cooperate but pursue their own self-interest
Collusion
No cooperative equilibrium
Mutual interdependence
Market Structure
10. Multiple firms make the same pricing decisions even though they have not explicitly consulted with each other
Lerner index
Implicit Collusion
Pure monopoly
Interdependence
11. A measure of the difference between price and marginal cost as a fraction of the product's price. L=(P-MC)/P - refactoring gives: P=MC(1/(1-L)) - which gives us the "1/(1-L)" markup factor
Disappearing invisible hand
Merger
Differentiated oligopoly
Lerner index
12. Single firm is sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Socially optimal price
Pure monopoly
13. A representation of a game indicating the players - their possible strategies - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Normal-form game
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
14. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Ownership of a Key Input
Dominant firm oligopoly
Sequential-move game
Payoff
15. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
Cooperation
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Cheating
Price discrimination
16. The players end up worse off than they would if they were able to cooperate; -the pursuit of self-interest does not promote the social interest in these games
Kinked-demand curve
Disappearing invisible hand
Payoff table
Sweezy oligopoly
17. Maximize economic profit by producing the quantity at which MC=MR
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Sweezy oligopoly
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
18. Revenue-Costs
Simultaneous consumption
Profit
Non-price competition
Inter-industry competition
19. When no one firm has a monopoly - but producers nonetheless realize that they can affect market prices. Firms compete but possess market power
Cross-subsidy pricing
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Simultaneous consumption
Imperfect competition
20. Actions taken by a firm to achieve a goal - such as maximizing profits
Business strategy
Cournot oligopoly
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Two-part pricing
21. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Cooperation
Third-degree price discrimination
Payoff table
High Price Elasticity
22. The smallest quantity at which the average cost curve reaches its minimum
Common knowledge
Merger
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Basis for Product Differentiation
23. Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount
Simultaneous decision games
Randomized pricing
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Dansby-Willig performance index
24. Price Sensitive
Indefinitely repeated game
Randomized pricing
Cutthroat Competition
High Price Elasticity
25. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Payoff
Rent-seeking behavior
Fair return price
One-shot game
26. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
Vertical Merger
Mutual Interdependence
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
27. The rules describe the setting of the game - the actions the players may take - and the consequences of those actions; -Advertising and R&D are also prisoners' dilemmas
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28. The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented
Patent
Limit pricing
Homogenous oligopoly
Cutthroat Competition
29. A table showing - for every possible combination of decisions players can make - the outcomes or "payoffs" for each of the players in each decision combination
Nonprime competition
Merger
Payoff table
Disappearing invisible hand
30. Pricing strategy in which identical products are packaged together in order to enhance profits by forcing customers to make an all-or-none decision to purchase
Common knowledge
Block pricing
Product differentiation
What is game?
31. A situation where one firm is able to provide a service at a lower cost than could several competing firms
First-mover advantage
Homogenous oligopoly
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
32. An attempt by a firm to convince buyers that its product is different from the products of other firms in the industry
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Two-part pricing
Economies of scale
Product differentiation
33. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Collusion
Bertrand oligopoly
Market
Price matching
34. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Rent-seeking behavior
One-shot game
Cooperation
35. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
Mutual Interdependence
Non-rivalrous consumption
Monopoly (characteristics)
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
36. Industry in which (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) a single (leader) firm chooses an output quantity before their rivals select their outputs; (4) all other (follower)
Stackelberg oligopoly
Marginal Revenue
Nash equilibrium
Cournot oligopoly
37. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Bertrand oligopoly
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Tacit collusion
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
38. A table that shows the payoffs that each firm earns from every combination of strategies by the firms
Extensive-form game
Examples of Oligopoly
Payoff matrix
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
39. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Profit
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Cournot oligopoly
Lerner index
40. Operates like the alleged Mafia. Region division of the market among the firms in the industry
Business strategy
Transfer pricing
Product Differentiation
Open Collusion
41. Occurs when a firm produces output - whatever its level - at a higher cost than is necessary to produce it
Implicit Collusion
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Inefficiency
42. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Inter-industry competition
Common knowledge
Differentiated oligopoly
Simultaneous consumption
43. Rival who sets its output after the leader (Stackelberg's model)
Imperfect competition
Network effects
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Follower
44. An establishment firm commits to setting price below the profit-maximizing level to prevent entry
Differentiated oligopoly
Cooperation
Randomized pricing
Limit pricing
45. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Simultaneous decision games
Double marginalization
Block pricing
Socially optimal price
46. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Equilibrium
Mutual interdependence
Peak-load pricing
Third-degree price discrimination
47. A situation in which competing firms must make their individual decisions without knowing the decisions of their rivals
Inefficiency
Credible threat
Simultaneous decision games
Repeated game
48. Pricing strategy in which a firm optimally sets the internal price at which an upstream division wells an input to a downstream division
Transfer pricing
Kinked-demand curve
Non-cooperative behavior
Common knowledge
49. A condition describing a set of strategies that constitutes a Nash equilibrium and allows no player to improve their own payoff at any stage of the game by changing strategies
Oligopoly
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Subgame perfect equilibrium
50. When the decisions of two or more firms significantly affect each others' profits
Lerner index
Interdependence
Strategic behavior
Monopolistic Competition