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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Payoff
Repeated game
Secure strategy
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
2. A market in which: (1) all have access to the same technology; (2) consumers respond quickly to price changes; (3) existing firms cannot respond quickly to entry by lowering their prices; and (4) there are no sunk costs
Inter-industry competition
Contestable market
Monopoly (characteristics)
Cooperative equilibrium
3. A strategy or action that always provides the best outcome no matter what decisions rivals make
Patent
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Strategy
Dominant strategy
4. Using advertising and other means to try to increase a firm's sales
Concentration Ratio
Non-price competition
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Market
5. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a standardized product
Open Collusion
Empty threat
Homogenous oligopoly
Implicit Collusion
6. An establishment firm commits to setting price below the profit-maximizing level to prevent entry
Undifferentiated
Limit pricing
Mutual Interdependence
Disappearing invisible hand
7. When a manager makes a noncooperative decision
Vertical Merger
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Cheating
8. Rules - strategies - payoffs - outcomes
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
What is game?
Cournot oligopoly
Non-cooperative behavior
9. When something can be consumed without reducing the benefits available for subsequent consumption; can be consumed without supporting rivalry between consumers
Joint Venture
Non-rivalrous consumption
Price Leadership
Cooperative equilibrium
10. Toothpaste - shampoo - restaurants - banks
Product differentiation
Commodity bundling
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
11. 2 firms - simplest case in an oligopoly. Profits higher if limiting their production
Simultaneous decision games
Duopoly
Product differentiation
Lerner index
12. A condition describing a set of strategies in which no player can improve their payoff by unilaterally changing their own strategy given the other player's strategy
Present Value (PV)
Nash equilibrium
Monopolistic Competition
Price Leadership
13. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Homogenous oligopoly
Oligopoly
Indefinitely repeated game
Product differentiation
14. A measure of the difference between price and marginal cost as a fraction of the product's price. L=(P-MC)/P - refactoring gives: P=MC(1/(1-L)) - which gives us the "1/(1-L)" markup factor
Simultaneous-move game
Third-degree price discrimination
Lerner index
Payoff matrix
15. Pricing strategy in which identical products are packaged together in order to enhance profits by forcing customers to make an all-or-none decision to purchase
One-shot game
Price Leadership
Conglomerate Merger
Block pricing
16. Pricing strategy in which a firm optimally sets the internal price at which an upstream division wells an input to a downstream division
Fair return price
Nonprime competition
Transfer pricing
Rothschild index
17. In game theory - game where parties make their moves in turn - one party making the first move followed by the other
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Network effects
Sequential game
Cooperation
18. A strategy in which a firm advertises a price and a promise to match any lower prices offered by a competitor
Price matching
Product differentiation
Differentiated oligopoly
Conglomerate Merger
19. Keeps the price just where it is to maximize profit
Pure monopoly
Commodity bundling
Kinked-demand curve
Cutthroat Competition
20. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
Basis for Product Differentiation
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
21. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Mutual interdependence
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Open Collusion
Bertrand oligopoly
22. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Credible threat
One-shot game
Equilibrium
Collusion
23. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Trigger strategy
Payoff matrix
Examples of Oligopoly
Finding profit for oligopoly games
24. Both players have dominant strategies and play them
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Prisoner's dilemma
Four-firm concentration ratio
Dominant strategy equilibrium
25. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
Stackelberg oligopoly
Price discrimination
Network effects
Two-part pricing
26. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Sequential-move game
Business strategy
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
27. Revenue-Costs
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Profit
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Imperfect competition
28. Operates like the alleged Mafia. Region division of the market among the firms in the industry
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Product Differentiation
Open Collusion
Market
29. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent by one party that the other party views as believable-- "if you do this - we will do that"
Indefinitely repeated game
Credible threat
Rent-seeking behavior
Lerner index
30. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
First-mover advantage
Tit-for-tat strategy
Inter-industry competition
Mutual interdependence
31. First firm to set its output (Stackelberg's model)
Leader
Dominant firm oligopoly
Randomized pricing
Horizontal Merger/Integration
32. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
Vertical Merger
Price matching
Cooperative equilibrium
Monopolistic Characteristics:
33. The situation when a firm's long-run average costs fall as it increases output
Payoff matrix
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Economies of scale
Leader
34. The smallest quantity at which the average cost curve reaches its minimum
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Simultaneous-move game
Two-part pricing
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
35. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Peak-load pricing
Kinked demand curve model
36. An industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce differentiated products; (3) each firm believes rivals will respond to price reductions but will not follow price increases; and (4) barriers to entry exist
Nonprime competition
Sequential game
Sweezy oligopoly
Limit price
37. Competition based on factors that are not related to price - such as product quality - service and financing - business location - and reputation
Empty threat
Nonprime competition
Inefficiency
Prisoner's dilemma
38. A situation in which competing firms must make their individual decisions without knowing the decisions of their rivals
Cournot oligopoly
Ownership of a Key Input
Undifferentiated
Simultaneous decision games
39. The maximum price that a buyer is willing to pay for a good - or the minimum price that a seller will accept
Patent
Two-part pricing
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Reservation Price
40. Produce identical products
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Mutual Interdependence
Sweezy oligopoly
Price Leadership
41. Marginal cost curve above average variable cost - P* = SRMC
Product differentiation
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Cournot oligopoly
Prisoners' dilemma
42. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Nash equilibrium
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Monopolistic Competition
Cournot oligopoly
43. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Interdependence
Socially optimal price
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Cooperation
44. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
Mutual Interdependence
Rent-seeking behavior
Price Leadership
Concentration Ratio
45. Takes Place inside the Mind of the consumer
Product Differentiation
Price war
Payoff matrix
Dominant strategy equilibrium
46. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Kinked demand curve model
Normal-form game
Conglomerate Merger
Leader
47. Pricing strategy in which a firm intentionally varies its price in an attempt to "hide" price information from consumers and rivals
Fair return price
Follower
Equilibrium
Randomized pricing
48. A firm whose price decisions are tacitly accepted and followed by others in the industry
Simultaneous decision games
Business strategy
Price Leadership
Common knowledge
49. Nash equilibrium - the result when each player in a game chooses the action that maximizes his or her payoff given the actions of other players - ignoring the effects of his or her action on the payoffs received by those players (when you confess w
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Sequential game
Dominant strategy
Cournot equilibrium
50. A table that shows the payoffs for every possible action by each player for every possible action by the other player
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Payoff matrix
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Price war