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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When the decisions of two or more firms significantly affect each others' profits
Interdependence
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Cutthroat Competition
Prisoners' dilemma
2. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
Non-rivalrous consumption
Brand Multiplication
Vertical Merger
Competitive market
3. Sets the price at the highest level that is consistent with keeping the potential entrant out. -The strategy of reducing the price to deter entry
Pure monopoly
Cheating
Empty threat
Limit pricing
4. The physical characteristics of the market within which firms interact
Payoff matrix
Commodity bundling
Market Structure
Lerner index
5. Sellers can identify different types of customers and offer each a different price. Examples are special prices for students or the elderly
Market
Cooperative equilibrium
Rothschild index
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
6. Rival who sets its output after the leader (Stackelberg's model)
Randomized pricing
Payoff matrix
Follower
Dominant firm oligopoly
7. A measure of market power - the percentage of all sales that is accounted for by the four or eight largest firms in the market
Concentration Ratio
What is game?
Product differentiation
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
8. Both players have dominant strategies and play them
Extensive-form game
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Sequential-move game
Nonprime competition
9. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Duopoly
Sequential-move game
Tit-for-tat strategy
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
10. Specific assets - Economies of scale - Excess capacity - Reputation effects
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Credible threat
Payoff matrix
Business strategy
11. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Conglomerate Merger
One-shot game
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Cross-subsidy pricing
12. A trigger strategy that punishes after an episode of cheating and returns to cooperation if cheating ends
Joint Venture
Concentration Ratio
Extensive-form game
Tit-for-tat strategy
13. Toothpaste - shampoo - restaurants - banks
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Mutual interdependence
14. A table showing - for every possible combination of decisions players can make - the outcomes or "payoffs" for each of the players in each decision combination
Fair return price
Economies of scale
Disappearing invisible hand
Payoff table
15. Actions taken by firms to plan for and react to competition from rival firms
Strategic behavior
Product differentiation
Stackelberg oligopoly
Normal-form game
16. The percentage of the total industry sales accounted for by the four largest firms in the industry. OUTPUT of 4 largest firms over TOTAL output in industry. C4=(S1+...+S4)/St or (w1+...+w4)
Ownership of a Key Input
Secure strategy
Rothschild index
Four-firm concentration ratio
17. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Product Differentiation
Fair return price
Payoff
Repeated game
18. An industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce differentiated products; (3) each firm believes rivals will respond to price reductions but will not follow price increases; and (4) barriers to entry exist
Contestable market
Sweezy oligopoly
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Bertrand oligopoly
19. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Cooperation
Monopolistic Competition
Limit pricing
Double marginalization
20. The demand curve for a non-collusive oligopolist - which is based on the assumption that rivals will match a price decrease and will ignore a price increase
Common knowledge
Kinked-demand curve
Cross-subsidy pricing
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
21. An establishment firm commits to setting price below the profit-maximizing level to prevent entry
Limit pricing
Business strategy
Kinked-demand curve
Disappearing invisible hand
22. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Dominant strategy
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Market Structure
High Price Elasticity
23. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Basis for Product Differentiation
Randomized pricing
Trigger strategy
24. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Import competition
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Dominant strategy
Commodity bundling
25. When managers are able to charge each consumer their reservation price. Examples are car and home sales
Prisoner's dilemma
Inter-industry competition
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Leader
26. A representation of a game indicating the players - their possible strategies - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Market Structure
Normal-form game
Kinked-demand curve
Tit-for-tat strategy
27. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Contestable market
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Pure monopoly
Cooperative equilibrium
28. The price that is low enough to deter entry
One-shot game
Limit price
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Normal-form game
29. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
Conglomerate Merger
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Socially optimal price
Tacit collusion
30. Using advertising and other means to try to increase a firm's sales
Vertical Merger
Non-price competition
Monopoly (characteristics)
Inefficiency
31. Industry in which (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) a single (leader) firm chooses an output quantity before their rivals select their outputs; (4) all other (follower)
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Prisoners' dilemma
Stackelberg oligopoly
Present Value (PV)
32. Intense competition in which competitors cut retail prices to gain business--oligopolistic competition
Price war
Limit price
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Conglomerate Merger
33. An equilibrium in a game in which players do not cooperate but pursue their own self-interest
No cooperative equilibrium
Block pricing
Price discrimination
Network effects
34. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
What is game?
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Collusion
Inter-industry competition
35. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Non-rivalrous consumption
Differentiated oligopoly
Price discrimination
Peak-load pricing
36. Revenue-Costs
Nonprime competition
Differentiated oligopoly
Profit
Rothschild index
37. When no one firm has a monopoly - but producers nonetheless realize that they can affect market prices. Firms compete but possess market power
Empty threat
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Imperfect competition
Equilibrium
38. If buyers have enough bargaining power - they can insist on lower prices - higher-quality products - or additional services
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Rent-seeking behavior
Product differentiation
39. Price Sensitive
Payoff table
Bargaining Power of Buyers
High Price Elasticity
Marginal Revenue
40. A combination of two or more companies into one company
Four-firm concentration ratio
Two-part pricing
Merger
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
41. Single firm is sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes
Basis for Product Differentiation
Pure monopoly
Commodity bundling
Implicit Collusion
42. Face competition from companies that currently are not in the market but might enter
Cooperation
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Payoff
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
43. Identical or substitutable
Rothschild index
Dansby-Willig performance index
Common knowledge
Undifferentiated
44. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Cross-subsidy pricing
Block pricing
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Cournot oligopoly
45. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a standardized product
Vertical Merger
Homogenous oligopoly
Nonprime competition
Monopolistic Characteristics:
46. When something can be consumed without reducing the benefits available for subsequent consumption; can be consumed without supporting rivalry between consumers
Non-rivalrous consumption
Extensive-form game
Payoff matrix
Product Differentiation
47. Pricing strategy in which a firm optimally sets the internal price at which an upstream division wells an input to a downstream division
Transfer pricing
Socially optimal price
Double marginalization
Homogenous oligopoly
48. Demand line is above ATC curve
Implicit Collusion
Reservation Price
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Limit pricing
49. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
Payoff
Basis for Product Differentiation
Trigger strategy
Undifferentiated
50. Game in which each player makes decisions without knowledge of the other player's decisions
Kinked-demand curve
Inefficiency
Simultaneous-move game
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply