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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Monopolistic Competition
Open Collusion
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
2. An equilibrium in a game in which players do not cooperate but pursue their own self-interest
No cooperative equilibrium
High Price Elasticity
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Monopoly (characteristics)
3. An index of market concentration. Sum of squared market shares of all the firms in the industry times 10K HHI=10 - 000Σwi2
Merger
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Mutual interdependence
Imperfect competition
4. Game in which each player makes decisions without knowledge of the other player's decisions
Product differentiation
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Monopolistic Competition
Simultaneous-move game
5. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Four-firm concentration ratio
Price matching
Market
Rent-seeking behavior
6. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Sequential game
Mutual interdependence
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Double marginalization
7. The percentage of the total industry sales accounted for by the four largest firms in the industry. OUTPUT of 4 largest firms over TOTAL output in industry. C4=(S1+...+S4)/St or (w1+...+w4)
Secure strategy
Four-firm concentration ratio
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Repeated game
8. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Market
Repeated game
9. A table showing - for every possible combination of decisions players can make - the outcomes or "payoffs" for each of the players in each decision combination
Cournot oligopoly
Product Differentiation
Payoff table
Inefficiency
10. A trigger strategy that punishes after an episode of cheating and returns to cooperation if cheating ends
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Tit-for-tat strategy
Present Value (PV)
Conglomerate Merger
11. Actions taken by a firm to achieve a goal - such as maximizing profits
Business strategy
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Homogenous oligopoly
Open Collusion
12. Keeps the price just where it is to maximize profit
Leader
Pure monopoly
Cutthroat Competition
Sweezy oligopoly
13. If many firms can supply an input and the input is not specialized - the suppliers are unlikely to have the bargaining power to limit a firm's profits
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Block pricing
14. Single seller in an industry - Strong barriers to entry - Profit maximization - faces market demand and sets MR=MC - Unexploited gains from trade
Follower
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Trigger strategy
Monopoly (characteristics)
15. An industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce differentiated products; (3) each firm believes rivals will respond to price reductions but will not follow price increases; and (4) barriers to entry exist
Sequential-move game
Sweezy oligopoly
Limit price
Strategy
16. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Extensive-form game
Limit pricing
Pure monopoly
Inter-industry competition
17. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Stackelberg oligopoly
Mutual interdependence
Peak-load pricing
Fair return price
18. An oligopoly in which the sales of the leading (top four) firms are distributed unevenly among them
No cooperative equilibrium
Simultaneous decision games
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Third-degree price discrimination
19. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Oligopoly
Secure strategy
Sweezy oligopoly
Finding profit for oligopoly games
20. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Reservation Price
Barrier to entry
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Cooperation
21. The physical characteristics of the market within which firms interact
Mutual interdependence
Disappearing invisible hand
Fair return price
Market Structure
22. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Undifferentiated
Prisoners' dilemma
Economies of scale
Trigger strategy
23. An establishment firm commits to setting price below the profit-maximizing level to prevent entry
Cutthroat Competition
Limit pricing
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Cooperation
24. 2 firms - simplest case in an oligopoly. Profits higher if limiting their production
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Price matching
Vertical Merger
Duopoly
25. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
No cooperative equilibrium
Barrier to entry
Payoff
Price discrimination
26. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
Tacit collusion
Conglomerate Merger
Sequential-move game
Cournot oligopoly
27. A representation of a game that summarizes the players - the information available to them at each stage - the strategies available to them - the sequence of moves - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Rothschild index
Extensive-form game
Nonprime competition
Undifferentiated
28. A product's ability to satisfy a large number of consumers at the same time
Common knowledge
Barrier to entry
Simultaneous consumption
Strategic behavior
29. A combination of two or more companies into one company
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Empty threat
Merger
Network effects
30. In game theory - game where parties make their moves in turn - one party making the first move followed by the other
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Extensive-form game
Sequential game
Follower
31. Pricing strategy in which a firm optimally sets the internal price at which an upstream division wells an input to a downstream division
Cutthroat Competition
Payoff
Transfer pricing
Inefficiency
32. 1/(1+i)n
Kinked-demand curve
Present Value (PV)
Contestable market
Third-degree price discrimination
33. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a differentiated product
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Empty threat
Differentiated oligopoly
34. The maximum price that a buyer is willing to pay for a good - or the minimum price that a seller will accept
Product Differentiation
Reservation Price
Import competition
One-shot game
35. Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount
Normal-form game
Payoff table
Limit pricing
Dansby-Willig performance index
36. Variations on one good so that a firm can increase market sharea
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Bertrand oligopoly
Rothschild index
Brand Multiplication
37. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
Repeated game
Vertical Merger
Barrier to entry
Double marginalization
38. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
Price matching
Joint Venture
Block pricing
Repeated game
39. A measure of the sensitivity to price of a product group as a whole relative to the sensitivity of the quantity demanded of a single firm to a change in its price. R=Et/Ef
Equilibrium
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Rothschild index
Stackelberg oligopoly
40. When firms limit production and raise prices in a way that raises each others' profits - even though they have not made any formal agreement
Tacit collusion
Collusion
Double marginalization
Dominant strategy
41. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Kinked demand curve model
Monopoly (characteristics)
Socially optimal price
Tacit collusion
42. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Commodity bundling
Secure strategy
Rent-seeking behavior
Open Collusion
43. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
Payoff
Extensive-form game
Basis for Product Differentiation
Stackelberg oligopoly
44. A firm whose price decisions are tacitly accepted and followed by others in the industry
Four-firm concentration ratio
Price Leadership
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Empty threat
45. Occurs when a firm produces output - whatever its level - at a higher cost than is necessary to produce it
Inefficiency
Credible threat
Merger
Implicit Collusion
46. When each firm has an incentive to cheat - but both are worse off if both cheat -- illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficial to do so
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47. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Economies of scale
Sequential-move game
Bargaining Power of Buyers
High Price Elasticity
48. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Tit-for-tat strategy
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Imperfect competition
Joint Venture
49. The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Mixed (randomized) strategy
First-mover advantage
Patent
50. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Price discrimination
Cross-subsidy pricing
Sweezy oligopoly
Tit-for-tat strategy