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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
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Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Market
Repeated game
Merger
Price war
2. When something can be consumed without reducing the benefits available for subsequent consumption; can be consumed without supporting rivalry between consumers
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Open Collusion
Payoff table
Non-rivalrous consumption
3. Both players have dominant strategies and play them
Credible threat
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Differentiated oligopoly
Dominant strategy equilibrium
4. Demand line is above ATC curve
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Lerner index
Barrier to entry
Cournot oligopoly
5. An index of market concentration. Sum of squared market shares of all the firms in the industry times 10K HHI=10 - 000Σwi2
Conglomerate Merger
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Cooperation
Empty threat
6. A table that shows the payoffs for every possible action by each player for every possible action by the other player
Cournot equilibrium
Simultaneous decision games
Payoff matrix
Cheating
7. Price of a product that enables its producer to obtain a normal profit & that is equal to the ATC of producing it
Collusion
Profit
Tacit collusion
Fair return price
8. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Barrier to entry
Extensive-form game
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
9. Steel - autos - colas - airlines
Examples of Oligopoly
Non-price competition
Socially optimal price
Sequential game
10. Actions taken by a firm to achieve a goal - such as maximizing profits
Rent-seeking behavior
Tit-for-tat strategy
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Business strategy
11. Using advertising and other means to try to increase a firm's sales
Rothschild index
Non-price competition
Basis for Product Differentiation
Mutual Interdependence
12. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Barrier to entry
Cournot oligopoly
Market
Merger
13. The price of a product that results in the most efficient allocation of an economy's resources and that is equal to the marginal cost of the product
Limit pricing
Dominant firm oligopoly
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Socially optimal price
14. Rules - strategies - payoffs - outcomes
Rothschild index
What is game?
Merger
Cutthroat Competition
15. Nash equilibrium - the result when each player in a game chooses the action that maximizes his or her payoff given the actions of other players - ignoring the effects of his or her action on the payoffs received by those players (when you confess w
Rent-seeking behavior
Third-degree price discrimination
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Prisoner's dilemma
16. A market in which: (1) all have access to the same technology; (2) consumers respond quickly to price changes; (3) existing firms cannot respond quickly to entry by lowering their prices; and (4) there are no sunk costs
Lerner index
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Contestable market
Vertical Merger
17. Marginal cost curve above average variable cost - P* = SRMC
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Socially optimal price
Product Differentiation
18. Simultaneous move game that is not repeated
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Implicit Collusion
Non-price competition
One-shot game
19. A product's ability to satisfy a large number of consumers at the same time
Oligopoly
Common knowledge
Simultaneous consumption
Ownership of a Key Input
20. 1/(1+i)n
Undifferentiated
Mutual interdependence
Monopoly (characteristics)
Present Value (PV)
21. The maximum price that a buyer is willing to pay for a good - or the minimum price that a seller will accept
Reservation Price
Imperfect competition
Secure strategy
Fair return price
22. A table that shows the payoffs that each firm earns from every combination of strategies by the firms
Lerner index
Payoff matrix
Network effects
Cournot oligopoly
23. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Sequential-move game
Cutthroat Competition
Block pricing
Inter-industry competition
24. When no one firm has a monopoly - but producers nonetheless realize that they can affect market prices. Firms compete but possess market power
Imperfect competition
Fair return price
Sweezy oligopoly
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
25. Ignoring the effects of their actions on each others' profits
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Stackelberg oligopoly
Non-cooperative behavior
Follower
26. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Import competition
Monopolistic Competition
Price Leadership
27. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Profit
Economies of scale
Brand Multiplication
Double marginalization
28. Revenue-Costs
Profit
Conglomerate Merger
Import competition
Product Differentiation
29. The demand curve for a non-collusive oligopolist - which is based on the assumption that rivals will match a price decrease and will ignore a price increase
Kinked-demand curve
Commodity bundling
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Subgame perfect equilibrium
30. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Trigger strategy
Rent-seeking behavior
Payoff matrix
Nonprime competition
31. A simpler way to operationalize first-degree price discrimination
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Price discrimination
Tacit collusion
Price matching
32. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
Competitive market
Transfer pricing
Double marginalization
Payoff matrix
33. In game theory - game where parties make their moves in turn - one party making the first move followed by the other
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Sequential game
Kinked-demand curve
Economies of scale
34. Takes Place inside the Mind of the consumer
Non-rivalrous consumption
Product Differentiation
Cooperative equilibrium
Commodity bundling
35. A situation in which competing firms must make their individual decisions without knowing the decisions of their rivals
Mutual Interdependence
Simultaneous decision games
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Patent
36. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
Commodity bundling
Concentration Ratio
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Merger
37. Industry in which (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) a single (leader) firm chooses an output quantity before their rivals select their outputs; (4) all other (follower)
Non-price competition
Kinked demand curve model
Stackelberg oligopoly
Normal-form game
38. First firm to set its output (Stackelberg's model)
Simultaneous-move game
Product differentiation
Leader
Kinked demand curve model
39. Single firm is sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes
Randomized pricing
Sequential-move game
Pure monopoly
Third-degree price discrimination
40. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Indefinitely repeated game
Price Leadership
Cross-subsidy pricing
Monopolistic Characteristics:
41. The actions by persons - firms - or unions to gain special benefits from government at taxpayer's or someone else's expense
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Tit-for-tat strategy
Rothschild index
Rent-seeking behavior
42. Intense competition in which competitors cut retail prices to gain business--oligopolistic competition
Price war
Profit
Open Collusion
Nonprime competition
43. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Inter-industry competition
Peak-load pricing
Leader
Socially optimal price
44. An attempt by a firm to convince buyers that its product is different from the products of other firms in the industry
Cooperation
Product differentiation
Block pricing
Bertrand oligopoly
45. Price Sensitive
High Price Elasticity
Cooperation
Marginal Revenue
Common knowledge
46. An establishment firm commits to setting price below the profit-maximizing level to prevent entry
Randomized pricing
Limit pricing
Undifferentiated
Cross-subsidy pricing
47. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Concentration Ratio
Two-part pricing
48. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Third-degree price discrimination
Two-part pricing
Covert Collusion
Commodity bundling
49. In game theory - benefit obtained by party that moves first in a sequential game
First-mover advantage
Concentration Ratio
Disappearing invisible hand
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
50. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Price war
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Undifferentiated
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply