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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Covert Collusion
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Oligopoly
Transfer pricing
2. Sellers can identify different types of customers and offer each a different price. Examples are special prices for students or the elderly
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Price discrimination
Rothschild index
Network effects
3. Single seller in an industry - Strong barriers to entry - Profit maximization - faces market demand and sets MR=MC - Unexploited gains from trade
Monopoly (characteristics)
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Patent
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
4. Actions taken by firms to plan for and react to competition from rival firms
Kinked-demand curve
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Strategic behavior
Inefficiency
5. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Dominant firm oligopoly
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
6. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Merger
Inter-industry competition
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Unbalanced Oligopoly
7. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Product Differentiation
One-shot game
Monopolistic Competition
Randomized pricing
8. Identical or substitutable
Undifferentiated
Cutthroat Competition
Inter-industry competition
Product differentiation
9. A measure of market power - the percentage of all sales that is accounted for by the four or eight largest firms in the market
Non-cooperative behavior
Dominant firm oligopoly
Limit pricing
Concentration Ratio
10. Increases in the value of a product to each user - including existing users - as the total number of users rises
Market Structure
Tacit collusion
Rothschild index
Network effects
11. Single firm is sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes
Follower
Rothschild index
Transfer pricing
Pure monopoly
12. The derivative of total revenue
Dansby-Willig performance index
Implicit Collusion
Four-firm concentration ratio
Marginal Revenue
13. The situation when a firm's long-run average costs fall as it increases output
Prisoners' dilemma
Vertical Merger
Economies of scale
Pure monopoly
14. An equilibrium in a game in which players cooperate to increase their mutual payoff
Payoff
Cooperative equilibrium
Limit price
Market
15. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Monopolistic Competition
Competitive market
Tacit collusion
16. Involves price-fixing
Empty threat
Covert Collusion
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Interdependence
17. Using advertising and other means to try to increase a firm's sales
Sweezy oligopoly
Non-price competition
Market
Monopolistic Characteristics:
18. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Sequential-move game
Dominant firm oligopoly
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
19. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
One-shot game
Inefficiency
Cooperation
Prisoner's dilemma
20. A situation in which neither firm has incentive to change its output given the other firm's output
Cutthroat Competition
Brand Multiplication
Cournot equilibrium
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
21. A trigger strategy that punishes after an episode of cheating and returns to cooperation if cheating ends
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Transfer pricing
Tit-for-tat strategy
22. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
Vertical Merger
Commodity bundling
Credible threat
Tit-for-tat strategy
23. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Cooperative equilibrium
Payoff
Non-price competition
Simultaneous consumption
24. A situation in which all decision makers know the payoff table - and they believe all other decision makers also know the payoff table
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Tacit collusion
Collusion
Common knowledge
25. Occurs when a firm produces output - whatever its level - at a higher cost than is necessary to produce it
Brand Multiplication
Inefficiency
Limit pricing
Market Structure
26. The smallest quantity at which the average cost curve reaches its minimum
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Sequential-move game
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
27. A strategy or action that always provides the best outcome no matter what decisions rivals make
Limit pricing
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Tacit collusion
Dominant strategy
28. Ignoring the effects of their actions on each others' profits
Limit pricing
Non-cooperative behavior
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Randomized pricing
29. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Disappearing invisible hand
Commodity bundling
Differentiated oligopoly
Rothschild index
30. In game theory - game where parties make their moves in turn - one party making the first move followed by the other
Equilibrium
Cross-subsidy pricing
No cooperative equilibrium
Sequential game
31. Face competition from companies that currently are not in the market but might enter
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Secure strategy
Kinked-demand curve
Inter-industry competition
32. Maximize economic profit by producing the quantity at which MC=MR
Inter-industry competition
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Non-rivalrous consumption
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
33. Pricing strategy in which a firm intentionally varies its price in an attempt to "hide" price information from consumers and rivals
Socially optimal price
Credible threat
Randomized pricing
Marginal Revenue
34. The demand curve for a non-collusive oligopolist - which is based on the assumption that rivals will match a price decrease and will ignore a price increase
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Kinked-demand curve
Prisoners' dilemma
35. When firms limit production and raise prices in a way that raises each others' profits - even though they have not made any formal agreement
Kinked demand curve model
Payoff table
Tacit collusion
Cross-subsidy pricing
36. The maximum price that a buyer is willing to pay for a good - or the minimum price that a seller will accept
Reservation Price
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Profit
Pure monopoly
37. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Payoff matrix
Price matching
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Price war
38. Steel - autos - colas - airlines
Extensive-form game
Two-part pricing
No cooperative equilibrium
Examples of Oligopoly
39. If production of a good requires a particular input - then control of that input can be a barrier to entry
Dominant firm oligopoly
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Ownership of a Key Input
Non-rivalrous consumption
40. First firm to set its output (Stackelberg's model)
Cooperation
Business strategy
No cooperative equilibrium
Leader
41. Takes Place inside the Mind of the consumer
Merger
Market
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Product Differentiation
42. Competition based on factors that are not related to price - such as product quality - service and financing - business location - and reputation
Network effects
Tacit collusion
Mutual Interdependence
Nonprime competition
43. A simpler way to operationalize first-degree price discrimination
What is game?
Tacit collusion
Import competition
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
44. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Market Structure
One-shot game
Dansby-Willig performance index
Limit price
45. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Duopoly
Oligopoly
Collusion
Open Collusion
46. Pricing strategy in which identical products are packaged together in order to enhance profits by forcing customers to make an all-or-none decision to purchase
Block pricing
Repeated game
Examples of Oligopoly
Rothschild index
47. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
Tit-for-tat strategy
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Two-part pricing
Brand Multiplication
48. A strategy that guarantees the highest payoff given the worst possible scenario
Sweezy oligopoly
One-shot game
Payoff table
Secure strategy
49. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Tacit collusion
Fair return price
Credible threat
Cournot oligopoly
50. Cooperation among firms that does not involve an explicit agreement
Mutual interdependence
Tacit collusion
Product differentiation
Block pricing