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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The rules describe the setting of the game - the actions the players may take - and the consequences of those actions; -Advertising and R&D are also prisoners' dilemmas
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2. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Strategy
Transfer pricing
Cross-subsidy pricing
Simultaneous decision games
3. Multiple firms make the same pricing decisions even though they have not explicitly consulted with each other
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Implicit Collusion
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
4. The percentage of the total industry sales accounted for by the four largest firms in the industry. OUTPUT of 4 largest firms over TOTAL output in industry. C4=(S1+...+S4)/St or (w1+...+w4)
Four-firm concentration ratio
Nash equilibrium
Profit
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
5. Sellers can identify different types of customers and offer each a different price. Examples are special prices for students or the elderly
Ownership of a Key Input
Homogenous oligopoly
Conglomerate Merger
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
6. First firm to set its output (Stackelberg's model)
Rent-seeking behavior
Leader
Joint Venture
Conglomerate Merger
7. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Common knowledge
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Non-cooperative behavior
Joint Venture
8. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Mutual Interdependence
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Limit pricing
Barrier to entry
9. If buyers have enough bargaining power - they can insist on lower prices - higher-quality products - or additional services
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Imperfect competition
Rothschild index
Differentiated oligopoly
10. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Cournot oligopoly
Tacit collusion
Non-rivalrous consumption
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
11. Both players have dominant strategies and play them
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Randomized pricing
Duopoly
Limit price
12. A representation of a game indicating the players - their possible strategies - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Normal-form game
Common knowledge
Price Leadership
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
13. The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented
Product differentiation
Payoff matrix
Prisoners' dilemma
Patent
14. Pricing strategy in which consumers are charged a fixed fee for the right to purchase a product - plus a per-unit charge for each unit purchased
Cooperation
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Two-part pricing
15. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Oligopoly
Limit price
High Price Elasticity
Present Value (PV)
16. Specific assets - Economies of scale - Excess capacity - Reputation effects
Reservation Price
Duopoly
Third-degree price discrimination
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
17. A strategy that guarantees the highest payoff given the worst possible scenario
Equilibrium
Nonprime competition
Secure strategy
Transfer pricing
18. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Limit price
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Basis for Product Differentiation
19. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Leader
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Imperfect competition
Finding profit for oligopoly games
20. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent by one party that the other party views as believable-- "if you do this - we will do that"
Kinked demand curve model
Credible threat
Double marginalization
Block pricing
21. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Trigger strategy
High Price Elasticity
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Mutual interdependence
22. A table that shows the payoffs for every possible action by each player for every possible action by the other player
Tit-for-tat strategy
Payoff matrix
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Payoff table
23. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Rothschild index
Normal-form game
Bertrand oligopoly
24. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Trigger strategy
Dansby-Willig performance index
Commodity bundling
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
25. A situation in which competing firms must make their individual decisions without knowing the decisions of their rivals
Equilibrium
Simultaneous decision games
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Dominant strategy
26. When managers are able to charge each consumer their reservation price. Examples are car and home sales
Mutual interdependence
Rent-seeking behavior
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Dansby-Willig performance index
27. When a manager makes a noncooperative decision
Patent
Payoff
Cournot equilibrium
Cheating
28. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
Network effects
Third-degree price discrimination
Basis for Product Differentiation
Prisoner's dilemma
29. Pricing strategy in which identical products are packaged together in order to enhance profits by forcing customers to make an all-or-none decision to purchase
Subgame perfect equilibrium
No cooperative equilibrium
Tacit collusion
Block pricing
30. A strategy or action that always provides the best outcome no matter what decisions rivals make
Mutual interdependence
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Dominant strategy
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
31. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Stackelberg oligopoly
Cooperation
Prisoners' dilemma
Double marginalization
32. Demand line is above ATC curve
Duopoly
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Present Value (PV)
Cross-subsidy pricing
33. An attempt by a firm to convince buyers that its product is different from the products of other firms in the industry
Limit price
Product differentiation
Sequential game
Block pricing
34. A table that shows the payoffs that each firm earns from every combination of strategies by the firms
Price war
Cooperative equilibrium
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Payoff matrix
35. Steel - autos - colas - airlines
Equilibrium
Cross-subsidy pricing
Examples of Oligopoly
Kinked-demand curve
36. Rival who sets its output after the leader (Stackelberg's model)
Cournot oligopoly
Payoff table
Network effects
Follower
37. Simultaneous move game that is not repeated
Tacit collusion
One-shot game
Extensive-form game
Implicit Collusion
38. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
Payoff matrix
Business strategy
Joint Venture
Network effects
39. 1/(1+i)n
Vertical Merger
Product differentiation
Present Value (PV)
Pure monopoly
40. The derivative of total revenue
Payoff matrix
Simultaneous-move game
Mutual Interdependence
Marginal Revenue
41. Toothpaste - shampoo - restaurants - banks
Imperfect competition
Limit pricing
Socially optimal price
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
42. Produce identical products
Ownership of a Key Input
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Payoff matrix
Conglomerate Merger
43. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Kinked demand curve model
Randomized pricing
Common knowledge
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
44. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Market
Cheating
Product differentiation
Horizontal Merger/Integration
45. An equilibrium in a game in which players do not cooperate but pursue their own self-interest
Dominant strategy equilibrium
No cooperative equilibrium
Equilibrium
Inter-industry competition
46. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
Differentiated oligopoly
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Block pricing
Tacit collusion
47. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Dansby-Willig performance index
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Market
48. The players end up worse off than they would if they were able to cooperate; -the pursuit of self-interest does not promote the social interest in these games
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Disappearing invisible hand
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Homogenous oligopoly
49. A representation of a game that summarizes the players - the information available to them at each stage - the strategies available to them - the sequence of moves - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Four-firm concentration ratio
Pure monopoly
Extensive-form game
Lerner index
50. If production of a good requires a particular input - then control of that input can be a barrier to entry
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Transfer pricing
Normal-form game
Ownership of a Key Input