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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pricing strategy in which consumers are charged a fixed fee for the right to purchase a product - plus a per-unit charge for each unit purchased
Simultaneous-move game
Cooperative equilibrium
Two-part pricing
Payoff table
2. Occurs when a firm produces output - whatever its level - at a higher cost than is necessary to produce it
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Inter-industry competition
Inefficiency
Pure monopoly
3. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Non-rivalrous consumption
Payoff
Fair return price
Product differentiation
4. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Oligopoly
Simultaneous consumption
Payoff table
Nonprime competition
5. Demand line is above ATC curve
Rent-seeking behavior
Price war
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Kinked demand curve model
6. Game in which each player makes decisions without knowledge of the other player's decisions
Non-price competition
Product Differentiation
Four-firm concentration ratio
Simultaneous-move game
7. A situation where one firm is able to provide a service at a lower cost than could several competing firms
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Third-degree price discrimination
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Dominant strategy
8. In game theory - benefit obtained by party that moves first in a sequential game
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Merger
Payoff
First-mover advantage
9. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Simultaneous consumption
Homogenous oligopoly
10. The smallest quantity at which the average cost curve reaches its minimum
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Cheating
Merger
Monopolistic Characteristics:
11. A measure of the difference between price and marginal cost as a fraction of the product's price. L=(P-MC)/P - refactoring gives: P=MC(1/(1-L)) - which gives us the "1/(1-L)" markup factor
Brand Multiplication
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Lerner index
Cooperation
12. The rules describe the setting of the game - the actions the players may take - and the consequences of those actions; -Advertising and R&D are also prisoners' dilemmas
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13. Sets the price at the highest level that is consistent with keeping the potential entrant out. -The strategy of reducing the price to deter entry
Limit pricing
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Simultaneous consumption
Cheating
14. Single firm is sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes
Network effects
Two-part pricing
Non-price competition
Pure monopoly
15. Pricing strategy in which a firm intentionally varies its price in an attempt to "hide" price information from consumers and rivals
Randomized pricing
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Mutual interdependence
Strategy
16. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Limit pricing
Cooperation
Import competition
Cooperative equilibrium
17. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
Prisoner's dilemma
Basis for Product Differentiation
Strategic behavior
Dominant strategy equilibrium
18. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Merger
Covert Collusion
Cournot equilibrium
19. Anything that keeps new firms from entering an industry in which firms are earning economic profits (e.g. Ownership of a Key Input - Capital - Patents - Economies of scale)
Market
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Third-degree price discrimination
Barrier to entry
20. Face competition from companies that currently are not in the market but might enter
Rothschild index
Non-cooperative behavior
One-shot game
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
21. An index of market concentration. Sum of squared market shares of all the firms in the industry times 10K HHI=10 - 000Σwi2
Normal-form game
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Kinked-demand curve
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
22. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Cooperation
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Dominant firm oligopoly
Covert Collusion
23. 1/(1+i)n
Block pricing
Mutual interdependence
Present Value (PV)
Examples of Oligopoly
24. If many firms can supply an input and the input is not specialized - the suppliers are unlikely to have the bargaining power to limit a firm's profits
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Non-rivalrous consumption
Indefinitely repeated game
Transfer pricing
25. A trigger strategy that punishes after an episode of cheating and returns to cooperation if cheating ends
Leader
Vertical Merger
Limit pricing
Tit-for-tat strategy
26. The maximum price that a buyer is willing to pay for a good - or the minimum price that a seller will accept
Reservation Price
Inefficiency
Market Structure
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
27. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Payoff
Rothschild index
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Bertrand oligopoly
28. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
Present Value (PV)
Peak-load pricing
Open Collusion
Monopolistic Characteristics:
29. The actions by persons - firms - or unions to gain special benefits from government at taxpayer's or someone else's expense
Concentration Ratio
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Rent-seeking behavior
30. A strategy in which a firm advertises a price and a promise to match any lower prices offered by a competitor
Tacit collusion
Payoff matrix
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Price matching
31. Single seller in an industry - Strong barriers to entry - Profit maximization - faces market demand and sets MR=MC - Unexploited gains from trade
Monopoly (characteristics)
Price war
Product Differentiation
Cutthroat Competition
32. Intense competition in which competitors cut retail prices to gain business--oligopolistic competition
Sweezy oligopoly
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Price war
Dansby-Willig performance index
33. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Import competition
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Limit price
Kinked demand curve model
34. Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Mutual interdependence
Dansby-Willig performance index
Block pricing
35. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent by one party that the other party views as believable-- "if you do this - we will do that"
Interdependence
Simultaneous consumption
Credible threat
Randomized pricing
36. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Business strategy
Collusion
Non-cooperative behavior
Common knowledge
37. When a manager makes a noncooperative decision
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Equilibrium
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Cheating
38. Involves price-fixing
Cooperation
Product differentiation
Covert Collusion
Bertrand oligopoly
39. 2 firms - simplest case in an oligopoly. Profits higher if limiting their production
Prisoner's dilemma
Duopoly
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Limit pricing
40. When firms limit production and raise prices in a way that raises each others' profits - even though they have not made any formal agreement
Dominant strategy
Extensive-form game
Trigger strategy
Tacit collusion
41. Specific assets - Economies of scale - Excess capacity - Reputation effects
Basis for Product Differentiation
Barrier to entry
Inefficiency
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
42. The physical characteristics of the market within which firms interact
No cooperative equilibrium
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Strategy
Market Structure
43. When something can be consumed without reducing the benefits available for subsequent consumption; can be consumed without supporting rivalry between consumers
Non-rivalrous consumption
Fair return price
Rothschild index
Price war
44. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Trigger strategy
Kinked demand curve model
Non-price competition
Inter-industry competition
45. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Cournot oligopoly
Undifferentiated
Simultaneous decision games
Homogenous oligopoly
46. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent easily dismissed by recipient because threat not considered believable
Empty threat
Trigger strategy
Patent
Horizontal Merger/Integration
47. Pricing strategy in which a firm optimally sets the internal price at which an upstream division wells an input to a downstream division
Socially optimal price
Cournot oligopoly
Profit
Transfer pricing
48. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Mutual interdependence
Import competition
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Bertrand oligopoly
49. An equilibrium in a game in which players do not cooperate but pursue their own self-interest
Rent-seeking behavior
No cooperative equilibrium
Non-rivalrous consumption
Differentiated oligopoly
50. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Mutual Interdependence
Implicit Collusion
Follower