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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
No cooperative equilibrium
Present Value (PV)
Four-firm concentration ratio
Competitive market
2. The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented
Repeated game
Patent
Non-rivalrous consumption
Price discrimination
3. The maximum price that a buyer is willing to pay for a good - or the minimum price that a seller will accept
Reservation Price
Competitive market
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Payoff
4. A combination of two or more companies into one company
Interdependence
Competitive market
Merger
Pure monopoly
5. When the decisions of two or more firms significantly affect each others' profits
Interdependence
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Randomized pricing
6. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Economies of scale
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
7. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Mutual interdependence
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Limit price
8. When firms limit production and raise prices in a way that raises each others' profits - even though they have not made any formal agreement
Strategy
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Tacit collusion
Strategic behavior
9. The price of a product that results in the most efficient allocation of an economy's resources and that is equal to the marginal cost of the product
Peak-load pricing
Socially optimal price
Profit
Extensive-form game
10. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Non-price competition
Homogenous oligopoly
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Repeated game
11. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
What is game?
Joint Venture
Cross-subsidy pricing
Commodity bundling
12. A situation where one firm is able to provide a service at a lower cost than could several competing firms
Kinked demand curve model
Open Collusion
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Fair return price
13. A strategy or action that always provides the best outcome no matter what decisions rivals make
Simultaneous-move game
Dominant strategy
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Imperfect competition
14. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Price discrimination
Follower
Mutual interdependence
15. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Marginal Revenue
Price war
Cournot oligopoly
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
16. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
Rent-seeking behavior
Mutual Interdependence
Four-firm concentration ratio
Peak-load pricing
17. Steel - autos - colas - airlines
Examples of Oligopoly
Tacit collusion
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Pure monopoly
18. Both players have dominant strategies and play them
Lerner index
Two-part pricing
Import competition
Dominant strategy equilibrium
19. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
Present Value (PV)
Imperfect competition
Leader
Monopolistic Characteristics:
20. Takes Place inside the Mind of the consumer
Socially optimal price
Tacit collusion
Cooperative equilibrium
Product Differentiation
21. When no one firm has a monopoly - but producers nonetheless realize that they can affect market prices. Firms compete but possess market power
No cooperative equilibrium
Cross-subsidy pricing
Basis for Product Differentiation
Imperfect competition
22. A table that shows the payoffs for every possible action by each player for every possible action by the other player
Rent-seeking behavior
Cross-subsidy pricing
Payoff matrix
Simultaneous consumption
23. An index of market concentration. Sum of squared market shares of all the firms in the industry times 10K HHI=10 - 000Σwi2
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Fair return price
Implicit Collusion
24. Pricing strategy in which identical products are packaged together in order to enhance profits by forcing customers to make an all-or-none decision to purchase
Block pricing
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
First-mover advantage
Lerner index
25. Price of a product that enables its producer to obtain a normal profit & that is equal to the ATC of producing it
Undifferentiated
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Tacit collusion
Fair return price
26. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Prisoners' dilemma
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Randomized pricing
27. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Randomized pricing
Inefficiency
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
28. A situation in which no one wants to change his or her behavior
Ownership of a Key Input
Cournot equilibrium
Equilibrium
Concentration Ratio
29. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
Strategy
Two-part pricing
Homogenous oligopoly
Basis for Product Differentiation
30. The demand curve for a non-collusive oligopolist - which is based on the assumption that rivals will match a price decrease and will ignore a price increase
Block pricing
Kinked-demand curve
Economies of scale
Monopolistic Characteristics:
31. Anything that keeps new firms from entering an industry in which firms are earning economic profits (e.g. Ownership of a Key Input - Capital - Patents - Economies of scale)
Randomized pricing
Non-price competition
Equilibrium
Barrier to entry
32. Keeps the price just where it is to maximize profit
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Cutthroat Competition
First-mover advantage
Competitive market
33. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Commodity bundling
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Dominant strategy
Cross-subsidy pricing
34. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Cooperative equilibrium
Simultaneous-move game
Payoff
Mutual interdependence
35. A product's ability to satisfy a large number of consumers at the same time
Simultaneous consumption
Examples of Oligopoly
Interdependence
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
36. Actions taken by firms to plan for and react to competition from rival firms
Randomized pricing
Limit pricing
Strategic behavior
Price Leadership
37. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Equilibrium
Disappearing invisible hand
Double marginalization
Limit price
38. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Patent
Third-degree price discrimination
Socially optimal price
Double marginalization
39. Game in which each player makes decisions without knowledge of the other player's decisions
Simultaneous-move game
Limit pricing
Cooperation
Dominant strategy
40. A situation in which neither firm has incentive to change its output given the other firm's output
Limit pricing
Network effects
Cournot equilibrium
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
41. The smallest quantity at which the average cost curve reaches its minimum
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Empty threat
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Unbalanced Oligopoly
42. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent by one party that the other party views as believable-- "if you do this - we will do that"
Bertrand oligopoly
Credible threat
Import competition
Payoff matrix
43. If buyers have enough bargaining power - they can insist on lower prices - higher-quality products - or additional services
Import competition
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Common knowledge
Four-firm concentration ratio
44. In game theory - benefit obtained by party that moves first in a sequential game
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Business strategy
First-mover advantage
Patent
45. Rival who sets its output after the leader (Stackelberg's model)
Prisoners' dilemma
Prisoner's dilemma
Interdependence
Follower
46. A condition describing a set of strategies that constitutes a Nash equilibrium and allows no player to improve their own payoff at any stage of the game by changing strategies
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Nonprime competition
Imperfect competition
Non-price competition
47. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Sequential game
Non-rivalrous consumption
Sweezy oligopoly
48. A simpler way to operationalize first-degree price discrimination
Nash equilibrium
Business strategy
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Patent
49. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Four-firm concentration ratio
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Bertrand oligopoly
Stackelberg oligopoly
50. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Leader
Trigger strategy
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Payoff table