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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A pricing strategy in which profits gained from the sale of one product are used to subsidize sales of a related product
Bertrand oligopoly
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Cross-subsidy pricing
Profit
2. The situation when a firm's long-run average costs fall as it increases output
Economies of scale
Open Collusion
Nonprime competition
Strategy
3. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Prisoner's dilemma
Socially optimal price
Payoff table
Double marginalization
4. Sellers can identify different types of customers and offer each a different price. Examples are special prices for students or the elderly
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Nonprime competition
Tacit collusion
Normal-form game
5. A representation of a game that summarizes the players - the information available to them at each stage - the strategies available to them - the sequence of moves - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Non-cooperative behavior
Stackelberg oligopoly
Extensive-form game
Repeated game
6. A table that shows the payoffs for every possible action by each player for every possible action by the other player
Double marginalization
Payoff matrix
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Payoff
7. Multiple firms make the same pricing decisions even though they have not explicitly consulted with each other
Dominant firm oligopoly
Reservation Price
Secure strategy
Implicit Collusion
8. Cooperation among firms that does not involve an explicit agreement
Tacit collusion
Covert Collusion
Randomized pricing
Oligopoly
9. An index of market concentration. Sum of squared market shares of all the firms in the industry times 10K HHI=10 - 000Σwi2
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Disappearing invisible hand
Nash equilibrium
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
10. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
Stackelberg oligopoly
Nash equilibrium
Transfer pricing
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
11. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Block pricing
Kinked demand curve model
12. A measure of market power - the percentage of all sales that is accounted for by the four or eight largest firms in the market
Concentration Ratio
Product Differentiation
Conglomerate Merger
Monopolistic Competition
13. Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount
Dansby-Willig performance index
Commodity bundling
Examples of Oligopoly
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
14. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
Cooperation
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Covert Collusion
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
15. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Trigger strategy
Dansby-Willig performance index
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Homogenous oligopoly
16. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Non-price competition
Peak-load pricing
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
17. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Dansby-Willig performance index
Dominant firm oligopoly
Mixed (randomized) strategy
18. Face competition from companies that currently are not in the market but might enter
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Equilibrium
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Patent
19. Revenue-Costs
Sequential-move game
Profit
Common knowledge
Collusion
20. Marginal cost curve above average variable cost - P* = SRMC
Marginal Revenue
Lerner index
Joint Venture
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
21. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Implicit Collusion
Joint Venture
Mutual interdependence
Simultaneous decision games
22. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
Brand Multiplication
Joint Venture
Price discrimination
Rent-seeking behavior
23. A strategy that guarantees the highest payoff given the worst possible scenario
First-mover advantage
Block pricing
Secure strategy
Price matching
24. Actions taken by a firm to achieve a goal - such as maximizing profits
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Nash equilibrium
Homogenous oligopoly
Business strategy
25. One large firm that has a significant cost advantage over many other - smaller competing firms; -the large firm operates as a monopoly: setting price and output to maximize profit; -the small firms act as perfect competitors: taking as given the mar
Cooperative equilibrium
Dominant firm oligopoly
Non-rivalrous consumption
Socially optimal price
26. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a standardized product
Homogenous oligopoly
Kinked-demand curve
Trigger strategy
Stackelberg oligopoly
27. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Profit
Open Collusion
Payoff
28. A representation of a game indicating the players - their possible strategies - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
No cooperative equilibrium
Bertrand oligopoly
Barrier to entry
Normal-form game
29. Competition based on factors that are not related to price - such as product quality - service and financing - business location - and reputation
Nonprime competition
Price discrimination
Marginal Revenue
Undifferentiated
30. A situation in which no one wants to change his or her behavior
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Equilibrium
Cournot equilibrium
31. Keeps the price just where it is to maximize profit
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Cutthroat Competition
Secure strategy
Ownership of a Key Input
32. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Cutthroat Competition
Monopolistic Competition
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
33. When the decisions of two or more firms significantly affect each others' profits
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Sweezy oligopoly
Non-rivalrous consumption
Interdependence
34. Maximize economic profit by producing the quantity at which MC=MR
Dominant firm oligopoly
What is game?
Basis for Product Differentiation
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
35. In game theory - benefit obtained by party that moves first in a sequential game
Mutual Interdependence
First-mover advantage
Normal-form game
Patent
36. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Imperfect competition
Collusion
Horizontal Merger/Integration
37. A product's ability to satisfy a large number of consumers at the same time
Repeated game
Simultaneous consumption
Competitive market
Duopoly
38. The price of a product that results in the most efficient allocation of an economy's resources and that is equal to the marginal cost of the product
Fair return price
Socially optimal price
Conglomerate Merger
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
39. Demand line is above ATC curve
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
No cooperative equilibrium
Patent
40. Rival who sets its output after the leader (Stackelberg's model)
Follower
Implicit Collusion
Simultaneous decision games
Non-price competition
41. Specific assets - Economies of scale - Excess capacity - Reputation effects
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Payoff table
Strategy
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
42. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Product Differentiation
Third-degree price discrimination
Dansby-Willig performance index
43. Variations on one good so that a firm can increase market sharea
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Strategy
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Brand Multiplication
44. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Contestable market
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Price Leadership
Oligopoly
45. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Nash equilibrium
Limit price
Business strategy
Concentration Ratio
46. A situation where one firm is able to provide a service at a lower cost than could several competing firms
Implicit Collusion
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Kinked-demand curve
Non-cooperative equilibrium
47. A trigger strategy that punishes after an episode of cheating and returns to cooperation if cheating ends
Mutual interdependence
Dominant firm oligopoly
Limit pricing
Tit-for-tat strategy
48. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Market
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Inefficiency
Monopolistic Competition
49. If buyers have enough bargaining power - they can insist on lower prices - higher-quality products - or additional services
Price war
What is game?
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Normal-form game
50. Identical or substitutable
Undifferentiated
Two-part pricing
Empty threat
Bargaining Power of Buyers