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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The price of a product that results in the most efficient allocation of an economy's resources and that is equal to the marginal cost of the product
Socially optimal price
Tit-for-tat strategy
Two-part pricing
Cheating
2. An industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce differentiated products; (3) each firm believes rivals will respond to price reductions but will not follow price increases; and (4) barriers to entry exist
Normal-form game
Sweezy oligopoly
Commodity bundling
Non-cooperative equilibrium
3. Sets the price at the highest level that is consistent with keeping the potential entrant out. -The strategy of reducing the price to deter entry
Dansby-Willig performance index
Tacit collusion
Normal-form game
Limit pricing
4. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Basis for Product Differentiation
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Limit pricing
Oligopoly
5. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Interdependence
Trigger strategy
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Differentiated oligopoly
6. Anything that keeps new firms from entering an industry in which firms are earning economic profits (e.g. Ownership of a Key Input - Capital - Patents - Economies of scale)
Bertrand oligopoly
Economies of scale
Barrier to entry
Prisoners' dilemma
7. A representation of a game that summarizes the players - the information available to them at each stage - the strategies available to them - the sequence of moves - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Extensive-form game
Product Differentiation
Open Collusion
Price discrimination
8. Identical or substitutable
Sequential-move game
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Undifferentiated
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
9. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Socially optimal price
Common knowledge
Payoff
Fair return price
10. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Price discrimination
Simultaneous decision games
11. Price Sensitive
Cooperative equilibrium
High Price Elasticity
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Four-firm concentration ratio
12. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Collusion
Nonprime competition
Payoff matrix
Prisoner's dilemma
13. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Peak-load pricing
Pure monopoly
Limit pricing
Homogenous oligopoly
14. One large firm that has a significant cost advantage over many other - smaller competing firms; -the large firm operates as a monopoly: setting price and output to maximize profit; -the small firms act as perfect competitors: taking as given the mar
Nonprime competition
Product Differentiation
Common knowledge
Dominant firm oligopoly
15. Single seller in an industry - Strong barriers to entry - Profit maximization - faces market demand and sets MR=MC - Unexploited gains from trade
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Trigger strategy
Lerner index
Monopoly (characteristics)
16. A table that shows the payoffs for every possible action by each player for every possible action by the other player
Joint Venture
Payoff matrix
Non-cooperative behavior
Brand Multiplication
17. An equilibrium in a game in which players do not cooperate but pursue their own self-interest
Brand Multiplication
Differentiated oligopoly
No cooperative equilibrium
Dominant firm oligopoly
18. An index of market concentration. Sum of squared market shares of all the firms in the industry times 10K HHI=10 - 000Σwi2
Credible threat
Oligopoly
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Product differentiation
19. Demand line is above ATC curve
Price war
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Third-degree price discrimination
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
20. The physical characteristics of the market within which firms interact
Monopoly (characteristics)
Market Structure
Payoff matrix
Non-cooperative equilibrium
21. Steel - autos - colas - airlines
Examples of Oligopoly
Product Differentiation
Product differentiation
Empty threat
22. A strategy in which a firm advertises a price and a promise to match any lower prices offered by a competitor
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Barrier to entry
Price matching
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
23. Keeps the price just where it is to maximize profit
Reservation Price
Dominant strategy equilibrium
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Cutthroat Competition
24. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent by one party that the other party views as believable-- "if you do this - we will do that"
Basis for Product Differentiation
Credible threat
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
25. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Contestable market
Interdependence
Oligopoly
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
26. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
Conglomerate Merger
First-mover advantage
Kinked-demand curve
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
27. First firm to set its output (Stackelberg's model)
Commodity bundling
Price war
Transfer pricing
Leader
28. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Follower
Third-degree price discrimination
Monopoly (characteristics)
29. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Monopolistic Competition
Tacit collusion
Collusion
Peak-load pricing
30. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Market Structure
Common knowledge
31. In game theory - benefit obtained by party that moves first in a sequential game
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
First-mover advantage
Differentiated oligopoly
Equilibrium
32. When the decisions of two or more firms significantly affect each others' profits
Block pricing
Interdependence
Business strategy
Basis for Product Differentiation
33. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Extensive-form game
Kinked-demand curve
Undifferentiated
Market
34. Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount
Common knowledge
Dansby-Willig performance index
Vertical Merger
Horizontal Merger/Integration
35. Toothpaste - shampoo - restaurants - banks
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Collusion
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
36. Simultaneous move game that is not repeated
Price discrimination
One-shot game
Interdependence
Present Value (PV)
37. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Bertrand oligopoly
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Double marginalization
Product differentiation
38. Variations on one good so that a firm can increase market sharea
Brand Multiplication
Cooperative equilibrium
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Import competition
39. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
Strategy
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Dominant strategy equilibrium
40. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Double marginalization
Duopoly
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
41. The competition that domestic firms encounter from the products and services of foreign producers
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Import competition
Implicit Collusion
Mutual Interdependence
42. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
Marginal Revenue
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Non-rivalrous consumption
Two-part pricing
43. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Product differentiation
Commodity bundling
Business strategy
Covert Collusion
44. Using advertising and other means to try to increase a firm's sales
Non-price competition
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Cooperation
Product Differentiation
45. A situation in which all decision makers know the payoff table - and they believe all other decision makers also know the payoff table
Common knowledge
No cooperative equilibrium
Cooperative equilibrium
Nonprime competition
46. A situation in which no one wants to change his or her behavior
Sequential-move game
Common knowledge
Equilibrium
Barrier to entry
47. A table that shows the payoffs that each firm earns from every combination of strategies by the firms
Implicit Collusion
Payoff matrix
Indefinitely repeated game
Horizontal Merger/Integration
48. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Product differentiation
Kinked demand curve model
49. A strategy or action that always provides the best outcome no matter what decisions rivals make
Non-price competition
Economies of scale
Dominant strategy
Payoff
50. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Bertrand oligopoly
Strategy
Mutual Interdependence