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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Simultaneous move game that is not repeated
One-shot game
Rothschild index
Indefinitely repeated game
Kinked demand curve model
2. When managers are able to charge each consumer their reservation price. Examples are car and home sales
Limit pricing
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Commodity bundling
Examples of Oligopoly
3. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
Credible threat
Open Collusion
Mutual Interdependence
Brand Multiplication
4. Rival who sets its output after the leader (Stackelberg's model)
Non-price competition
Follower
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Double marginalization
5. A representation of a game that summarizes the players - the information available to them at each stage - the strategies available to them - the sequence of moves - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Market Structure
Extensive-form game
Merger
6. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Cooperation
Duopoly
Import competition
7. Actions taken by a firm to achieve a goal - such as maximizing profits
Business strategy
Simultaneous-move game
Ownership of a Key Input
Cheating
8. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
Inefficiency
Price discrimination
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
9. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
One-shot game
No cooperative equilibrium
Tit-for-tat strategy
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
10. When something can be consumed without reducing the benefits available for subsequent consumption; can be consumed without supporting rivalry between consumers
Tacit collusion
Non-rivalrous consumption
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
11. Game in which each player makes decisions without knowledge of the other player's decisions
Limit pricing
Randomized pricing
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Simultaneous-move game
12. When a manager makes a noncooperative decision
Monopolistic Competition
Implicit Collusion
Import competition
Cheating
13. When each firm has an incentive to cheat - but both are worse off if both cheat -- illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficial to do so
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14. A trigger strategy that punishes after an episode of cheating and returns to cooperation if cheating ends
Kinked demand curve model
Tit-for-tat strategy
Marginal Revenue
What is game?
15. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent easily dismissed by recipient because threat not considered believable
Barrier to entry
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Merger
Empty threat
16. Steel - autos - colas - airlines
Payoff
Cutthroat Competition
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Examples of Oligopoly
17. A measure of market power - the percentage of all sales that is accounted for by the four or eight largest firms in the market
Concentration Ratio
Empty threat
Trigger strategy
Normal-form game
18. The derivative of total revenue
Simultaneous consumption
Marginal Revenue
Merger
Stackelberg oligopoly
19. Face competition from companies that currently are not in the market but might enter
Bertrand oligopoly
Profit
Rent-seeking behavior
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
20. Maximize economic profit by producing the quantity at which MC=MR
Inefficiency
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Fair return price
Non-rivalrous consumption
21. An equilibrium in a game in which players do not cooperate but pursue their own self-interest
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Finding profit for oligopoly games
No cooperative equilibrium
Basis for Product Differentiation
22. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Bertrand oligopoly
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Price matching
Empty threat
23. A strategy or action that always provides the best outcome no matter what decisions rivals make
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Dominant strategy
Price war
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
24. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Sequential-move game
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Equilibrium
25. Ignoring the effects of their actions on each others' profits
Non-cooperative behavior
No cooperative equilibrium
Cross-subsidy pricing
Price matching
26. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Business strategy
Duopoly
Repeated game
27. Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount
Simultaneous decision games
Leader
What is game?
Dansby-Willig performance index
28. Toothpaste - shampoo - restaurants - banks
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Price matching
Cheating
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
29. Both players have dominant strategies and play them
Rent-seeking behavior
Marginal Revenue
Homogenous oligopoly
Dominant strategy equilibrium
30. A table that shows the payoffs for every possible action by each player for every possible action by the other player
Payoff matrix
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Brand Multiplication
Cooperation
31. A condition describing a set of strategies in which no player can improve their payoff by unilaterally changing their own strategy given the other player's strategy
Nash equilibrium
Sequential-move game
Cournot oligopoly
Mixed (randomized) strategy
32. Marginal cost curve above average variable cost - P* = SRMC
Sequential-move game
Dominant strategy
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
33. A table that shows the payoffs that each firm earns from every combination of strategies by the firms
Marginal Revenue
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Payoff matrix
Nash equilibrium
34. A strategy in which a firm advertises a price and a promise to match any lower prices offered by a competitor
Cross-subsidy pricing
Ownership of a Key Input
Leader
Price matching
35. An index of market concentration. Sum of squared market shares of all the firms in the industry times 10K HHI=10 - 000Σwi2
Tacit collusion
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Differentiated oligopoly
36. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Collusion
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Competitive market
37. Using advertising and other means to try to increase a firm's sales
Contestable market
Undifferentiated
Non-price competition
High Price Elasticity
38. Rules - strategies - payoffs - outcomes
What is game?
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Block pricing
39. If production of a good requires a particular input - then control of that input can be a barrier to entry
Ownership of a Key Input
Sequential-move game
Network effects
Kinked-demand curve
40. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Common knowledge
Price discrimination
Kinked demand curve model
Repeated game
41. A situation in which all decision makers know the payoff table - and they believe all other decision makers also know the payoff table
Dansby-Willig performance index
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Four-firm concentration ratio
Common knowledge
42. A game that is played over and over again forever and in which players receive payoffs during each play of the game
Simultaneous decision games
Indefinitely repeated game
Empty threat
Kinked demand curve model
43. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Repeated game
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Rothschild index
Prisoners' dilemma
44. A product's ability to satisfy a large number of consumers at the same time
Price discrimination
Cournot oligopoly
Homogenous oligopoly
Simultaneous consumption
45. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Randomized pricing
Mutual interdependence
Extensive-form game
46. The price of a product that results in the most efficient allocation of an economy's resources and that is equal to the marginal cost of the product
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Socially optimal price
Sweezy oligopoly
Concentration Ratio
47. An industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce differentiated products; (3) each firm believes rivals will respond to price reductions but will not follow price increases; and (4) barriers to entry exist
Sweezy oligopoly
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Monopolistic Competition
Equilibrium
48. The demand curve for a non-collusive oligopolist - which is based on the assumption that rivals will match a price decrease and will ignore a price increase
Import competition
Kinked-demand curve
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Cross-subsidy pricing
49. Industry in which (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) a single (leader) firm chooses an output quantity before their rivals select their outputs; (4) all other (follower)
Commodity bundling
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Dominant firm oligopoly
Stackelberg oligopoly
50. A strategy that guarantees the highest payoff given the worst possible scenario
Lerner index
Secure strategy
Basis for Product Differentiation
Inefficiency