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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
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Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a standardized product
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Product Differentiation
Homogenous oligopoly
2. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Simultaneous consumption
Strategic behavior
Market
One-shot game
3. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Joint Venture
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Monopolistic Competition
4. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
Cournot oligopoly
Price discrimination
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Bertrand oligopoly
5. A market in which: (1) all have access to the same technology; (2) consumers respond quickly to price changes; (3) existing firms cannot respond quickly to entry by lowering their prices; and (4) there are no sunk costs
Cutthroat Competition
High Price Elasticity
Contestable market
Unbalanced Oligopoly
6. The rules describe the setting of the game - the actions the players may take - and the consequences of those actions; -Advertising and R&D are also prisoners' dilemmas
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7. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Rent-seeking behavior
Kinked demand curve model
Market
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
8. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
Cournot equilibrium
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Business strategy
Bertrand oligopoly
9. Keeps the price just where it is to maximize profit
Third-degree price discrimination
Strategic behavior
One-shot game
Cutthroat Competition
10. A representation of a game indicating the players - their possible strategies - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Normal-form game
Secure strategy
Joint Venture
11. Nash equilibrium - the result when each player in a game chooses the action that maximizes his or her payoff given the actions of other players - ignoring the effects of his or her action on the payoffs received by those players (when you confess w
First-mover advantage
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Payoff matrix
12. Specific assets - Economies of scale - Excess capacity - Reputation effects
Interdependence
No cooperative equilibrium
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Horizontal Merger/Integration
13. Involves price-fixing
Barrier to entry
Fair return price
Monopoly (characteristics)
Covert Collusion
14. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Oligopoly
Repeated game
Cooperative equilibrium
Sweezy oligopoly
15. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
Market Structure
Extensive-form game
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Collusion
16. A measure of the difference between price and marginal cost as a fraction of the product's price. L=(P-MC)/P - refactoring gives: P=MC(1/(1-L)) - which gives us the "1/(1-L)" markup factor
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Lerner index
Extensive-form game
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
17. Toothpaste - shampoo - restaurants - banks
Reservation Price
Inefficiency
Mutual Interdependence
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
18. A measure of the sensitivity to price of a product group as a whole relative to the sensitivity of the quantity demanded of a single firm to a change in its price. R=Et/Ef
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Rothschild index
Prisoner's dilemma
Rent-seeking behavior
19. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Market Structure
Profit
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Payoff matrix
20. A situation where one firm is able to provide a service at a lower cost than could several competing firms
Mutual interdependence
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Strategic behavior
Payoff matrix
21. Intense competition in which competitors cut retail prices to gain business--oligopolistic competition
Price matching
One-shot game
Price war
Unbalanced Oligopoly
22. A situation in which all decision makers know the payoff table - and they believe all other decision makers also know the payoff table
Transfer pricing
Price Leadership
Common knowledge
Strategy
23. Sets the price at the highest level that is consistent with keeping the potential entrant out. -The strategy of reducing the price to deter entry
First-mover advantage
Limit pricing
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
24. When firms limit production and raise prices in a way that raises each others' profits - even though they have not made any formal agreement
Interdependence
Cutthroat Competition
Rent-seeking behavior
Tacit collusion
25. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Collusion
Limit pricing
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Leader
26. An oligopoly in which the sales of the leading (top four) firms are distributed unevenly among them
Normal-form game
Follower
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Prisoner's dilemma
27. A table that shows the payoffs for every possible action by each player for every possible action by the other player
Double marginalization
Joint Venture
Sequential-move game
Payoff matrix
28. Face competition from companies that currently are not in the market but might enter
Price discrimination
Collusion
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
29. Rival who sets its output after the leader (Stackelberg's model)
Follower
Basis for Product Differentiation
Price Leadership
Strategy
30. Maximize economic profit by producing the quantity at which MC=MR
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Third-degree price discrimination
Simultaneous-move game
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
31. Pricing strategy in which a firm intentionally varies its price in an attempt to "hide" price information from consumers and rivals
Randomized pricing
Cooperation
Price discrimination
Secure strategy
32. When the decisions of two or more firms significantly affect each others' profits
Imperfect competition
Repeated game
Interdependence
Rent-seeking behavior
33. First firm to set its output (Stackelberg's model)
Cross-subsidy pricing
Oligopoly
Leader
Monopolistic Characteristics:
34. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Mutual Interdependence
Market Structure
Monopolistic Characteristics:
35. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
Basis for Product Differentiation
No cooperative equilibrium
Cheating
Fair return price
36. Demand line is above ATC curve
Profit
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Limit pricing
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
37. Ignoring the effects of their actions on each others' profits
Bertrand oligopoly
Basis for Product Differentiation
Randomized pricing
Non-cooperative behavior
38. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Homogenous oligopoly
Monopolistic Competition
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Inter-industry competition
39. A strategy that guarantees the highest payoff given the worst possible scenario
Secure strategy
Pure monopoly
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Price war
40. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
Socially optimal price
Tit-for-tat strategy
Vertical Merger
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
41. Multiple firms make the same pricing decisions even though they have not explicitly consulted with each other
Implicit Collusion
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Sweezy oligopoly
Sequential game
42. A measure of market power - the percentage of all sales that is accounted for by the four or eight largest firms in the market
Import competition
Strategic behavior
Tacit collusion
Concentration Ratio
43. A condition describing a set of strategies that constitutes a Nash equilibrium and allows no player to improve their own payoff at any stage of the game by changing strategies
Four-firm concentration ratio
Business strategy
Product Differentiation
Subgame perfect equilibrium
44. Takes Place inside the Mind of the consumer
Product Differentiation
Economies of scale
First-mover advantage
Price matching
45. A game that is played over and over again forever and in which players receive payoffs during each play of the game
Price discrimination
Normal-form game
Joint Venture
Indefinitely repeated game
46. Pricing strategy in which consumers are charged a fixed fee for the right to purchase a product - plus a per-unit charge for each unit purchased
Two-part pricing
Product Differentiation
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Subgame perfect equilibrium
47. When managers are able to charge each consumer their reservation price. Examples are car and home sales
Price discrimination
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Normal-form game
48. In game theory - a decision rule that describes the actions a player will take at each decision point
Follower
Cross-subsidy pricing
Price discrimination
Strategy
49. Both players have dominant strategies and play them
Network effects
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Basis for Product Differentiation
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
50. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Monopolistic Competition
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Kinked-demand curve