SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An establishment firm commits to setting price below the profit-maximizing level to prevent entry
Sequential-move game
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Limit pricing
Examples of Oligopoly
2. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
Normal-form game
Payoff matrix
Joint Venture
Simultaneous consumption
3. Rules - strategies - payoffs - outcomes
What is game?
Credible threat
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
4. Ignoring the effects of their actions on each others' profits
Basis for Product Differentiation
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Non-cooperative behavior
Normal-form game
5. Takes Place inside the Mind of the consumer
Product Differentiation
Four-firm concentration ratio
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Cross-subsidy pricing
6. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Duopoly
Oligopoly
Four-firm concentration ratio
Peak-load pricing
7. A representation of a game indicating the players - their possible strategies - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Product differentiation
Inefficiency
Normal-form game
Limit pricing
8. Demand line is above ATC curve
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Nash equilibrium
Dominant firm oligopoly
Cheating
9. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent easily dismissed by recipient because threat not considered believable
Empty threat
Payoff table
Repeated game
Joint Venture
10. If production of a good requires a particular input - then control of that input can be a barrier to entry
Repeated game
Monopolistic Competition
Ownership of a Key Input
Credible threat
11. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Secure strategy
Joint Venture
12. Simultaneous move game that is not repeated
Repeated game
Business strategy
Monopoly (characteristics)
One-shot game
13. A game that is played over and over again forever and in which players receive payoffs during each play of the game
Prisoners' dilemma
Indefinitely repeated game
Normal-form game
Dominant strategy equilibrium
14. Actions taken by a firm to achieve a goal - such as maximizing profits
Cooperation
Simultaneous decision games
Strategy
Business strategy
15. The players end up worse off than they would if they were able to cooperate; -the pursuit of self-interest does not promote the social interest in these games
Prisoner's dilemma
Cooperative equilibrium
Disappearing invisible hand
Open Collusion
16. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Monopolistic Competition
What is game?
Market Structure
Collusion
17. In game theory - a decision rule that describes the actions a player will take at each decision point
Market Structure
Strategy
Market
Common knowledge
18. Cooperation among firms that does not involve an explicit agreement
Rent-seeking behavior
Disappearing invisible hand
Cooperation
Tacit collusion
19. When firms limit production and raise prices in a way that raises each others' profits - even though they have not made any formal agreement
Tacit collusion
Simultaneous consumption
Barrier to entry
Mixed (randomized) strategy
20. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
First-mover advantage
Homogenous oligopoly
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Conglomerate Merger
21. The situation when a firm's long-run average costs fall as it increases output
Present Value (PV)
Dominant firm oligopoly
Economies of scale
Non-cooperative behavior
22. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Follower
Lerner index
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Limit price
23. If buyers have enough bargaining power - they can insist on lower prices - higher-quality products - or additional services
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Strategy
Dominant strategy
Monopolistic Characteristics:
24. Pricing strategy in which identical products are packaged together in order to enhance profits by forcing customers to make an all-or-none decision to purchase
Two-part pricing
Network effects
Block pricing
Payoff table
25. An equilibrium in a game in which players do not cooperate but pursue their own self-interest
Two-part pricing
No cooperative equilibrium
Equilibrium
Nash equilibrium
26. Single seller in an industry - Strong barriers to entry - Profit maximization - faces market demand and sets MR=MC - Unexploited gains from trade
Concentration Ratio
Payoff
Fair return price
Monopoly (characteristics)
27. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Normal-form game
Cournot oligopoly
Examples of Oligopoly
Business strategy
28. A table that shows the payoffs that each firm earns from every combination of strategies by the firms
Sequential game
Sweezy oligopoly
Payoff matrix
Rent-seeking behavior
29. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
Mutual Interdependence
Transfer pricing
Implicit Collusion
Empty threat
30. The maximum price that a buyer is willing to pay for a good - or the minimum price that a seller will accept
Reservation Price
Interdependence
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Product Differentiation
31. A strategy or action that always provides the best outcome no matter what decisions rivals make
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Dominant strategy
Duopoly
Cournot equilibrium
32. The actions by persons - firms - or unions to gain special benefits from government at taxpayer's or someone else's expense
Conglomerate Merger
Indefinitely repeated game
Rent-seeking behavior
Sweezy oligopoly
33. Keeps the price just where it is to maximize profit
Dominant strategy
Merger
Cutthroat Competition
Prisoners' dilemma
34. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Reservation Price
Equilibrium
Brand Multiplication
Collusion
35. Single firm is sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes
Duopoly
Sequential game
Pure monopoly
Cournot oligopoly
36. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Ownership of a Key Input
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Simultaneous-move game
Limit price
37. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Imperfect competition
Prisoner's dilemma
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Peak-load pricing
38. Face competition from companies that currently are not in the market but might enter
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Commodity bundling
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Duopoly
39. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
Competitive market
Double marginalization
Payoff matrix
Cournot equilibrium
40. A market in which: (1) all have access to the same technology; (2) consumers respond quickly to price changes; (3) existing firms cannot respond quickly to entry by lowering their prices; and (4) there are no sunk costs
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Contestable market
Follower
Bertrand oligopoly
41. Operates like the alleged Mafia. Region division of the market among the firms in the industry
Open Collusion
Cooperative equilibrium
Nash equilibrium
Market
42. The derivative of total revenue
Joint Venture
Marginal Revenue
Payoff
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
43. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Simultaneous decision games
Present Value (PV)
Monopolistic Characteristics:
44. When a manager makes a noncooperative decision
Covert Collusion
Cheating
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
First-mover advantage
45. The percentage of the total industry sales accounted for by the four largest firms in the industry. OUTPUT of 4 largest firms over TOTAL output in industry. C4=(S1+...+S4)/St or (w1+...+w4)
Payoff matrix
Business strategy
Four-firm concentration ratio
Common knowledge
46. Identical or substitutable
Monopolistic Competition
Undifferentiated
Implicit Collusion
Import competition
47. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Commodity bundling
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Empty threat
48. Using advertising and other means to try to increase a firm's sales
Concentration Ratio
Non-price competition
Undifferentiated
Imperfect competition
49. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Equilibrium
Covert Collusion
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
50. Rival who sets its output after the leader (Stackelberg's model)
Tit-for-tat strategy
Follower
Disappearing invisible hand
High Price Elasticity