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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Competition based on factors that are not related to price - such as product quality - service and financing - business location - and reputation
Double marginalization
Nonprime competition
Follower
No cooperative equilibrium
2. Pricing strategy in which a firm optimally sets the internal price at which an upstream division wells an input to a downstream division
Prisoner's dilemma
Third-degree price discrimination
Transfer pricing
Horizontal Merger/Integration
3. A measure of the sensitivity to price of a product group as a whole relative to the sensitivity of the quantity demanded of a single firm to a change in its price. R=Et/Ef
Rothschild index
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
One-shot game
Profit
4. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Equilibrium
Reservation Price
Third-degree price discrimination
Non-price competition
5. Demand line is above ATC curve
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
High Price Elasticity
Cross-subsidy pricing
Dominant firm oligopoly
6. Identical or substitutable
Undifferentiated
Vertical Merger
Common knowledge
Mutual interdependence
7. Nash equilibrium - the result when each player in a game chooses the action that maximizes his or her payoff given the actions of other players - ignoring the effects of his or her action on the payoffs received by those players (when you confess w
Nonprime competition
Kinked demand curve model
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Price discrimination
8. Marginal cost curve above average variable cost - P* = SRMC
Follower
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Prisoner's dilemma
Economies of scale
9. Both players have dominant strategies and play them
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Fair return price
Block pricing
Interdependence
10. Physical differences - Convenience - Ambience - Reputations - Appeals to vanity - Unconscious fears and desires - Snob appeal - Customized products
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Stackelberg oligopoly
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Basis for Product Differentiation
11. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Sequential-move game
Transfer pricing
Cheating
Payoff
12. Multiple firms make the same pricing decisions even though they have not explicitly consulted with each other
Differentiated oligopoly
Implicit Collusion
Cooperative equilibrium
Mutual Interdependence
13. One large firm that has a significant cost advantage over many other - smaller competing firms; -the large firm operates as a monopoly: setting price and output to maximize profit; -the small firms act as perfect competitors: taking as given the mar
Covert Collusion
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Inter-industry competition
Dominant firm oligopoly
14. The price of a product that results in the most efficient allocation of an economy's resources and that is equal to the marginal cost of the product
Nonprime competition
Cross-subsidy pricing
Sweezy oligopoly
Socially optimal price
15. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Repeated game
Cutthroat Competition
Leader
Secure strategy
16. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Mutual Interdependence
Inter-industry competition
Payoff table
Dominant strategy
17. Specific assets - Economies of scale - Excess capacity - Reputation effects
Economies of scale
Oligopoly
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
High Price Elasticity
18. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Peak-load pricing
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Disappearing invisible hand
Simultaneous decision games
19. Single seller in an industry - Strong barriers to entry - Profit maximization - faces market demand and sets MR=MC - Unexploited gains from trade
What is game?
Covert Collusion
Four-firm concentration ratio
Monopoly (characteristics)
20. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Price Leadership
Trigger strategy
21. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Market
Secure strategy
Payoff matrix
No cooperative equilibrium
22. An attempt by a firm to convince buyers that its product is different from the products of other firms in the industry
Strategic behavior
Payoff matrix
Product differentiation
Credible threat
23. Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Dansby-Willig performance index
Inefficiency
Collusion
24. Face competition from companies that currently are not in the market but might enter
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Merger
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
25. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Kinked-demand curve
Limit price
Payoff table
High Price Elasticity
26. An establishment firm commits to setting price below the profit-maximizing level to prevent entry
Two-part pricing
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Concentration Ratio
Limit pricing
27. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Cournot equilibrium
Payoff matrix
Oligopoly
Homogenous oligopoly
28. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
First-mover advantage
Price Leadership
Randomized pricing
Commodity bundling
29. Pricing strategy in which identical products are packaged together in order to enhance profits by forcing customers to make an all-or-none decision to purchase
Joint Venture
Block pricing
Barrier to entry
Simultaneous-move game
30. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Tacit collusion
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
31. Variations on one good so that a firm can increase market sharea
Payoff table
Brand Multiplication
High Price Elasticity
Mutual Interdependence
32. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
Dansby-Willig performance index
Strategy
Competitive market
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
33. The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented
Patent
Economies of scale
Peak-load pricing
Brand Multiplication
34. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Sweezy oligopoly
Monopoly (characteristics)
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Dominant firm oligopoly
35. A simpler way to operationalize first-degree price discrimination
Secure strategy
Two-part pricing
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Implicit Collusion
36. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
No cooperative equilibrium
Non-rivalrous consumption
Price discrimination
Simultaneous-move game
37. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a differentiated product
Non-cooperative equilibrium
Competitive market
Differentiated oligopoly
Payoff
38. 1/(1+i)n
Imperfect competition
Present Value (PV)
Four-firm concentration ratio
Normal-form game
39. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Non-price competition
Bertrand oligopoly
Price war
Kinked-demand curve
40. 2 firms - simplest case in an oligopoly. Profits higher if limiting their production
Mutual interdependence
Third-degree price discrimination
Duopoly
Kinked demand curve model
41. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Cournot oligopoly
Pure monopoly
Monopolistic Competition
Brand Multiplication
42. Occurs when a firm produces output - whatever its level - at a higher cost than is necessary to produce it
Open Collusion
Price war
Inefficiency
Payoff matrix
43. A market in which: (1) all have access to the same technology; (2) consumers respond quickly to price changes; (3) existing firms cannot respond quickly to entry by lowering their prices; and (4) there are no sunk costs
Implicit Collusion
Contestable market
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Merger
44. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Network effects
Cournot oligopoly
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
45. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Homogenous oligopoly
Transfer pricing
Economies of scale
Cooperation
46. If production of a good requires a particular input - then control of that input can be a barrier to entry
Payoff
Sweezy oligopoly
Marginal Revenue
Ownership of a Key Input
47. If buyers have enough bargaining power - they can insist on lower prices - higher-quality products - or additional services
Strategic behavior
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Market
48. Rules - strategies - payoffs - outcomes
What is game?
Nonprime competition
Simultaneous decision games
Horizontal Merger/Integration
49. A representation of a game indicating the players - their possible strategies - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Dominant strategy
Normal-form game
Price war
Monopolistic Competition
50. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent easily dismissed by recipient because threat not considered believable
Prisoners' dilemma
Non-price competition
Payoff table
Empty threat