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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rules - strategies - payoffs - outcomes
Pure monopoly
What is game?
Unbalanced Oligopoly
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
2. Rival who sets its output after the leader (Stackelberg's model)
Follower
Third-degree price discrimination
Examples of Oligopoly
Disappearing invisible hand
3. Maximize economic profit by producing the quantity at which MC=MR
Third-degree price discrimination
Non-cooperative behavior
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
4. The derivative of total revenue
One-shot game
Marginal Revenue
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Examples of Oligopoly
5. In game theory - a game that is played again sometime after the previous game ends
Repeated game
Indefinitely repeated game
Ownership of a Key Input
Socially optimal price
6. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Interdependence
Sequential-move game
Sequential game
Examples of Oligopoly
7. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Lerner index
One-shot game
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Monopolistic Competition
8. Cooperation among firms that does not involve an explicit agreement
Strategic behavior
Tacit collusion
Non-rivalrous consumption
Vertical Merger
9. Price Sensitive
Inefficiency
Two-part pricing
Dominant firm oligopoly
High Price Elasticity
10. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
Conglomerate Merger
Prisoners' dilemma
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
11. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Market Structure
Duopoly
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Trigger strategy
12. First firm to set its output (Stackelberg's model)
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Economies of scale
Present Value (PV)
Leader
13. Identical or substitutable
Undifferentiated
Contestable market
Duopoly
Non-rivalrous consumption
14. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Economies of scale
Nash equilibrium
Third-degree price discrimination
Block pricing
15. A market in which: (1) all have access to the same technology; (2) consumers respond quickly to price changes; (3) existing firms cannot respond quickly to entry by lowering their prices; and (4) there are no sunk costs
Contestable market
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Indefinitely repeated game
Mixed (randomized) strategy
16. A condition describing a set of strategies that constitutes a Nash equilibrium and allows no player to improve their own payoff at any stage of the game by changing strategies
Bertrand oligopoly
Pure monopoly
Empty threat
Subgame perfect equilibrium
17. A trigger strategy that punishes after an episode of cheating and returns to cooperation if cheating ends
Simultaneous decision games
Inefficiency
Tit-for-tat strategy
Price matching
18. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a standardized product
Interdependence
One-shot game
Homogenous oligopoly
Double marginalization
19. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
Randomized pricing
Joint Venture
Block pricing
Sweezy oligopoly
20. A table that shows the payoffs that each firm earns from every combination of strategies by the firms
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Simultaneous-move game
Payoff matrix
Prisoner's dilemma
21. Price of a product that enables its producer to obtain a normal profit & that is equal to the ATC of producing it
Fair return price
Joint Venture
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Oligopoly
22. Pricing strategy in which a firm optimally sets the internal price at which an upstream division wells an input to a downstream division
Merger
Transfer pricing
Implicit Collusion
Duopoly
23. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Monopolistic Competition
Price war
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
24. A representation of a game that summarizes the players - the information available to them at each stage - the strategies available to them - the sequence of moves - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Payoff table
Extensive-form game
Cutthroat Competition
Cooperation
25. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Sequential game
Contestable market
Oligopoly
Competitive market
26. The situation when a firm's long-run average costs fall as it increases output
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Strategy
Economies of scale
Non-rivalrous consumption
27. Industry in which (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) a single (leader) firm chooses an output quantity before their rivals select their outputs; (4) all other (follower)
Mutual interdependence
Stackelberg oligopoly
Oligopoly
Price matching
28. Pricing strategy in which identical products are packaged together in order to enhance profits by forcing customers to make an all-or-none decision to purchase
Cooperation
Block pricing
Double marginalization
Concentration Ratio
29. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Pure monopoly
Socially optimal price
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Subgame perfect equilibrium
30. When firms make decisions that make every firm better off than in a noncooperative Nash equilibrium
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Repeated game
Cooperation
Payoff matrix
31. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
Competitive market
High Price Elasticity
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Limit pricing
32. Pricing strategy in which a firm intentionally varies its price in an attempt to "hide" price information from consumers and rivals
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Cross-subsidy pricing
Normal-form game
Randomized pricing
33. If many firms can supply an input and the input is not specialized - the suppliers are unlikely to have the bargaining power to limit a firm's profits
Ownership of a Key Input
Basis for Product Differentiation
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Reservation Price
34. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Cross-subsidy pricing
Kinked demand curve model
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Prisoner's dilemma
35. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Examples of Oligopoly
Perfect Competitor Characteristics
Present Value (PV)
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
36. An industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce differentiated products; (3) each firm believes rivals will respond to price reductions but will not follow price increases; and (4) barriers to entry exist
Product differentiation
Cheating
Sweezy oligopoly
Price war
37. The maximum price that a buyer is willing to pay for a good - or the minimum price that a seller will accept
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Reservation Price
Nash equilibrium
Non-cooperative equilibrium
38. If production of a good requires a particular input - then control of that input can be a barrier to entry
Collusion
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Ownership of a Key Input
Differentiated oligopoly
39. An oligopoly in which the sales of the leading (top four) firms are distributed unevenly among them
Price Leadership
Contestable market
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Implicit Collusion
40. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent easily dismissed by recipient because threat not considered believable
Empty threat
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Contestable market
Interdependence
41. Face competition from companies that currently are not in the market but might enter
Strategic behavior
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Dansby-Willig performance index
Sequential-move game
42. A firm whose price decisions are tacitly accepted and followed by others in the industry
Non-price competition
Lerner index
Simultaneous decision games
Price Leadership
43. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Dominant strategy
Prisoners' dilemma
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
44. Anything that keeps new firms from entering an industry in which firms are earning economic profits (e.g. Ownership of a Key Input - Capital - Patents - Economies of scale)
Barrier to entry
Ownership of a Key Input
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Marginal Revenue
45. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Disappearing invisible hand
Payoff
Cournot oligopoly
Simultaneous-move game
46. A combination of two or more companies into one company
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Payoff
Merger
Cutthroat Competition
47. A measure of the sensitivity to price of a product group as a whole relative to the sensitivity of the quantity demanded of a single firm to a change in its price. R=Et/Ef
Four-firm concentration ratio
Strategic behavior
Basis for Product Differentiation
Rothschild index
48. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Monopoly (characteristics)
Brand Multiplication
Horizontal Merger/Integration
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
49. Involves price-fixing
Network effects
Examples of Oligopoly
Covert Collusion
Prisoners' dilemma
50. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Concentration Ratio
Mutual interdependence
Conglomerate Merger
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing