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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
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Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a differentiated product
Differentiated oligopoly
Nash equilibrium
Kinked demand curve model
Socially optimal price
2. An establishment firm commits to setting price below the profit-maximizing level to prevent entry
Vertical Merger
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Limit pricing
Lerner index
3. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Mutual interdependence
Third-degree price discrimination
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Monopolistic Characteristics:
4. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Homogenous oligopoly
Collusion
Bertrand oligopoly
Dominant firm oligopoly
5. Set marginal cost for the cartel equal to marginal revenue for the cartel; -cartel's marginal cost curve is the horizontal sum of the MC curves of the two firms; -Marginal revenue curve is like that of a monopoly
Duopoly
Nash equilibrium
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Interdependence
6. When something can be consumed without reducing the benefits available for subsequent consumption; can be consumed without supporting rivalry between consumers
Non-rivalrous consumption
Network effects
Leader
Sequential-move game
7. Pricing strategy in which consumers are charged a fixed fee for the right to purchase a product - plus a per-unit charge for each unit purchased
Collusion
Block pricing
Two-part pricing
Inter-industry competition
8. (1) Economies of Scale; (2) Economies of Scope; (3) Cost Complementarity; and (4)Patents & Other Legal Barriers
Undifferentiated
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Credible threat
Price discrimination
9. When each firm has an incentive to cheat - but both are worse off if both cheat -- illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficial to do so
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10. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
Conglomerate Merger
Randomized pricing
Examples of Oligopoly
Payoff table
11. The percentage of the total industry sales accounted for by the four largest firms in the industry. OUTPUT of 4 largest firms over TOTAL output in industry. C4=(S1+...+S4)/St or (w1+...+w4)
Four-firm concentration ratio
Oligopoly
Randomized pricing
Present Value (PV)
12. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Monopolistic Competition
Mutual Interdependence
Simultaneous decision games
Prisoners' dilemma
13. Game in which one player makes a move after observing the other player's move
Sequential-move game
Bertrand oligopoly
Payoff
Cooperation
14. A simpler way to operationalize first-degree price discrimination
Network effects
Normal-form game
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
First-mover advantage
15. A few firms produce most market output - Products may or may not be differentiated - Effective entry barriers protect firm profitability - Firm interdependence requires strategic thinking
Socially optimal price
Competitive market
Tacit collusion
Oligopoly
16. Game in which each player makes decisions without knowledge of the other player's decisions
Kinked demand curve model
Follower
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Simultaneous-move game
17. A table that shows the payoffs for every possible action by each player for every possible action by the other player
Payoff matrix
Reservation Price
Dansby-Willig performance index
Normal-form game
18. Sellers can identify different types of customers and offer each a different price. Examples are special prices for students or the elderly
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Simultaneous decision games
Marginal Revenue
Economies of scale
19. A measure of market power - the percentage of all sales that is accounted for by the four or eight largest firms in the market
Concentration Ratio
Simultaneous decision games
Limit pricing
Reservation Price
20. Operates like the alleged Mafia. Region division of the market among the firms in the industry
Price matching
Monopoly (characteristics)
Open Collusion
Differentiated oligopoly
21. A situation in which no one wants to change his or her behavior
Non-price competition
Equilibrium
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Covert Collusion
22. A strategy that guarantees the highest payoff given the worst possible scenario
Reservation Price
Non-price competition
Secure strategy
Contestable market
23. Both players have dominant strategies and play them
Two-part pricing
Non-cooperative behavior
Credible threat
Dominant strategy equilibrium
24. If production of a good requires a particular input - then control of that input can be a barrier to entry
Bertrand oligopoly
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Ownership of a Key Input
Cournot equilibrium
25. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Non-cooperative behavior
Price matching
Limit pricing
26. The players end up worse off than they would if they were able to cooperate; -the pursuit of self-interest does not promote the social interest in these games
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Common knowledge
Disappearing invisible hand
Payoff
27. The smallest quantity at which the average cost curve reaches its minimum
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Non-rivalrous consumption
Product Differentiation
28. When a manager makes a noncooperative decision
Fair return price
Cheating
Economies of scale
Cournot oligopoly
29. Rival who sets its output after the leader (Stackelberg's model)
Follower
Normal-form game
Differentiated oligopoly
Fair return price
30. Maximize economic profit by producing the quantity at which MC=MR
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Mutual interdependence
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Limit pricing
31. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Price discrimination
Disappearing invisible hand
Competitive market
32. When an upstream divisions leverages "monopoly like" power to charge higher marginal cost to a downstream division - resulting in failure of the firm to optimize profits based on the wrong quantity decision at the firms level
Double marginalization
Sequential game
Dominant firm oligopoly
Normal-form game
33. A condition describing a set of strategies that constitutes a Nash equilibrium and allows no player to improve their own payoff at any stage of the game by changing strategies
Fair return price
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Nonprime competition
Economies of scale
34. Pricing strategy in which identical products are packaged together in order to enhance profits by forcing customers to make an all-or-none decision to purchase
Unbalanced Oligopoly
Pure monopoly
Block pricing
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
35. Using advertising and other means to try to increase a firm's sales
Merger
Non-price competition
Payoff
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
36. Price Sensitive
Transfer pricing
Non-cooperative behavior
Patent
High Price Elasticity
37. In game theory - benefit obtained by party that moves first in a sequential game
Limit pricing
Non-cooperative equilibrium
First-mover advantage
Concentration Ratio
38. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Strategic behavior
First-mover advantage
Import competition
Cournot oligopoly
39. Variations on one good so that a firm can increase market sharea
Brand Multiplication
Implicit Collusion
First-mover advantage
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
40. A situation in which all decision makers know the payoff table - and they believe all other decision makers also know the payoff table
Non-cooperative behavior
Common knowledge
Product Differentiation
Competitive market
41. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Limit price
Finding profit for oligopoly games
Cooperation
Prisoner's dilemma
42. Single firm is sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes
Patent
Cutthroat Competition
Pure monopoly
Cooperative equilibrium
43. A situation in which competing firms must make their individual decisions without knowing the decisions of their rivals
Mutual interdependence
High Price Elasticity
No cooperative equilibrium
Simultaneous decision games
44. If many firms can supply an input and the input is not specialized - the suppliers are unlikely to have the bargaining power to limit a firm's profits
Product differentiation
Dominant strategy
Common knowledge
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
45. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
Empty threat
Collusion
Strategy
Monopolistic Characteristics:
46. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Common knowledge
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Limit pricing
Kinked demand curve model
47. The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented
Patent
Randomized pricing
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Market
48. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Tit-for-tat strategy
Vertical Merger
Market
Sequential game
49. Identical or substitutable
Undifferentiated
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Trigger strategy
Third-degree price discrimination
50. An oligopoly in which the sales of the leading (top four) firms are distributed unevenly among them
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Tit-for-tat strategy
Block pricing
Unbalanced Oligopoly