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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A merger of firms in unrelated industries. Example: If Purina Dow Chow merged with Pampers Diaper Company
Undifferentiated
Conglomerate Merger
Secure strategy
Limit pricing
2. An industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce differentiated products; (3) each firm believes rivals will respond to price reductions but will not follow price increases; and (4) barriers to entry exist
Rothschild index
Differentiated oligopoly
Sweezy oligopoly
Common knowledge
3. Many buyers and sellers - product homogeneity - low cost and accurate information - free entry and exit - best regarded as a benchmark
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Conglomerate Merger
Imperfect competition
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
4. A condition describing a set of strategies in which no player can improve their payoff by unilaterally changing their own strategy given the other player's strategy
Simultaneous consumption
Profit
Nash equilibrium
Horizontal Merger/Integration
5. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Bertrand oligopoly
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Credible threat
Trigger strategy
6. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
Sequential-move game
Fair return price
Competitive market
Simultaneous consumption
7. An oligopoly in which the sales of the leading (top four) firms are distributed unevenly among them
Indefinitely repeated game
Block pricing
Non-rivalrous consumption
Unbalanced Oligopoly
8. When managers are able to charge each consumer their reservation price. Examples are car and home sales
Empty threat
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Dominant firm oligopoly
Brand Multiplication
9. The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them
Implicit Collusion
Equilibrium
Dominant firm oligopoly
Mutual Interdependence
10. The derivative of total revenue
Bertrand oligopoly
Marginal Revenue
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Commodity bundling
11. The reward received by a player in a game - such as the profit earned by an oligopolist
Payoff
Limit pricing
Peak-load pricing
Subgame perfect equilibrium
12. A firm whose price decisions are tacitly accepted and followed by others in the industry
Network effects
Barrier to entry
Price Leadership
Price war
13. A merger between two firms in the same industry. Example: 2004 K-Mart merged with Sears
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Pure monopoly
Tit-for-tat strategy
Commodity bundling
14. Demand line is above ATC curve
Collusion
Fair return price
Two-part pricing
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
15. In game theory - benefit obtained by party that moves first in a sequential game
Simultaneous decision games
Four-firm concentration ratio
Dominant strategy
First-mover advantage
16. Pricing strategy in which a firm optimally sets the internal price at which an upstream division wells an input to a downstream division
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Secure strategy
Product Differentiation
Transfer pricing
17. The demand curve for a non-collusive oligopolist - which is based on the assumption that rivals will match a price decrease and will ignore a price increase
Prisoners' dilemma
Contestable market
Kinked-demand curve
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
18. A simpler way to operationalize first-degree price discrimination
Reservation Price
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Interdependence
Brand Multiplication
19. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Monopolistic Competition
Equilibrium
Payoff
Tacit collusion
20. Produce differentiated products. Make a profit or take a lost in the short run - in the long run the firm will break even. (MOST number of firms.)
Concentration Ratio
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Simultaneous-move game
21. Involves price-fixing
Minimum efficient scale (full capacity)
Covert Collusion
Cheating
Natural Monopoly (local phone or electric company)
22. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Oligopoly
Nonprime competition
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
23. A situation in which neither firm has incentive to change its output given the other firm's output
Cournot equilibrium
Repeated game
Business strategy
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
24. An equilibrium in a game in which players cooperate to increase their mutual payoff
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Cooperative equilibrium
Payoff matrix
Strategy
25. A measure of the difference between price and marginal cost as a fraction of the product's price. L=(P-MC)/P - refactoring gives: P=MC(1/(1-L)) - which gives us the "1/(1-L)" markup factor
Trigger strategy
Perfect Competition Short Run Supply
Block pricing
Lerner index
26. Variations on one good so that a firm can increase market sharea
Brand Multiplication
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Cutthroat Competition
Secure strategy
27. The practice of bundling several different products together and selling them at a single "bundle" price
Competitive market
Commodity bundling
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Trigger strategy
28. In game theory - a statement of harmful intent easily dismissed by recipient because threat not considered believable
Prisoners' dilemma
Empty threat
Cooperation
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
29. The price that is low enough to deter entry
Four-firm concentration ratio
Disappearing invisible hand
Prisoner's dilemma
Limit price
30. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Price matching
Market Structure
Market
Double marginalization
31. Each firm believes that if it raises its price - its competitors will not follow - but if it lowers its price all of its competitors will follow; -a model in which firms in an oligopoly match price cuts by other firms - but do not match price hike
Barrier to entry
Price discrimination
Kinked demand curve model
Third-degree price discrimination
32. The players end up worse off than they would if they were able to cooperate; -the pursuit of self-interest does not promote the social interest in these games
Perfect Competitor Making a Profit
Oligopoly
Disappearing invisible hand
Cross-subsidy pricing
33. Single seller in an industry - Strong barriers to entry - Profit maximization - faces market demand and sets MR=MC - Unexploited gains from trade
Tacit collusion
Monopoly (characteristics)
Joint Venture
Business strategy
34. Keeps the price just where it is to maximize profit
Business strategy
No cooperative equilibrium
Cutthroat Competition
Common knowledge
35. Occurs when a firm produces output - whatever its level - at a higher cost than is necessary to produce it
Commodity bundling
Limit pricing
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Inefficiency
36. The competition that domestic firms encounter from the products and services of foreign producers
Interdependence
Import competition
Sequential game
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
37. Different units of a product are sold at different prices. Examples are buying in bulk - or - commodity-bundling
Market Structure
Inter-industry competition
Cooperation
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
38. A merger between firms who have a buyer/supplier relationship. Example: BF Goodrich merging with rubber plantations
Vertical Merger
Simultaneous consumption
Imperfect competition
Cheating
39. A table that shows the payoffs that each firm earns from every combination of strategies by the firms
Dansby-Willig performance index
Prisoners' dilemma
Payoff matrix
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
40. Single firm is sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes
Kinked-demand curve
Pure monopoly
Contestable market
Present Value (PV)
41. Actions taken by a firm to achieve a goal - such as maximizing profits
Monopoly (characteristics)
Business strategy
Lerner index
Horizontal Merger/Integration
42. Industry in which (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) a single (leader) firm chooses an output quantity before their rivals select their outputs; (4) all other (follower)
Socially optimal price
Stackelberg oligopoly
Examples of Oligopoly
Profit
43. Face competition from companies that currently are not in the market but might enter
Common knowledge
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
Cooperative equilibrium
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
44. A situation in which competing firms must make their individual decisions without knowing the decisions of their rivals
Price Leadership
Simultaneous decision games
Payoff
Block pricing
45. A table that shows the payoffs for every possible action by each player for every possible action by the other player
Nash equilibrium
Kinked demand curve model
Mutual interdependence
Payoff matrix
46. The practice of charging different prices to consumers for the same good or service
Product Differentiation
Brand Multiplication
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Price discrimination
47. Long-run marginal cost curve above long-run average cost
Perfect Competition Long Run Supply
Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Non-cooperative behavior
48. A game that is played over and over again forever and in which players receive payoffs during each play of the game
Mutual Interdependence
Conglomerate Merger
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
Indefinitely repeated game
49. Industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce either differentiated or homogenous products; (3) each form believes rivals will hold their output constant if it changes its output; and (4) barriers to entry exist. Fi
Repeated game
Cournot oligopoly
Simultaneous consumption
What is game?
50. An attempt by a firm to convince buyers that its product is different from the products of other firms in the industry
Horizontal Merger/Integration
Contestable market
Kinked demand curve model
Product differentiation