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Test your basic knowledge |
Business Competition
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pricing strategy in which a firm optimally sets the internal price at which an upstream division wells an input to a downstream division
Economies of scale
Non-rivalrous consumption
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Transfer pricing
2. One large firm that has a significant cost advantage over many other - smaller competing firms; -the large firm operates as a monopoly: setting price and output to maximize profit; -the small firms act as perfect competitors: taking as given the mar
Simultaneous consumption
Sequential game
Sequential-move game
Dominant firm oligopoly
3. Nash equilibrium - the result when each player in a game chooses the action that maximizes his or her payoff given the actions of other players - ignoring the effects of his or her action on the payoffs received by those players (when you confess w
Price matching
Non-cooperative equilibrium
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Duopoly
4. A representation of a game that summarizes the players - the information available to them at each stage - the strategies available to them - the sequence of moves - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Trigger strategy
Extensive-form game
Examples of Oligopoly
Lerner index
5. A table showing - for every possible combination of decisions players can make - the outcomes or "payoffs" for each of the players in each decision combination
Price discrimination
Payoff table
Competitive market
Double marginalization
6. A condition describing a set of strategies that constitutes a Nash equilibrium and allows no player to improve their own payoff at any stage of the game by changing strategies
Tacit collusion
Payoff matrix
Primary Sources of Monopolistic Power
Subgame perfect equilibrium
7. A representation of a game indicating the players - their possible strategies - and the payoffs resulting from alternative strategies
Repeated game
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
Normal-form game
Follower
8. A game that is played over and over again forever and in which players receive payoffs during each play of the game
Indefinitely repeated game
Rent-seeking behavior
Simultaneous decision games
Limit pricing
9. Pricing strategy in which identical products are packaged together in order to enhance profits by forcing customers to make an all-or-none decision to purchase
Cheating
Block pricing
Extensive-form game
Cross-subsidy pricing
10. If many firms can supply an input and the input is not specialized - the suppliers are unlikely to have the bargaining power to limit a firm's profits
Tit-for-tat strategy
Import competition
Ownership of a Key Input
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
11. When the decisions of two or more firms significantly affect each others' profits
Interdependence
Non-rivalrous consumption
Payoff matrix
Present Value (PV)
12. A strategy that guarantees the highest payoff given the worst possible scenario
Price discrimination
Limit price
Cooperative equilibrium
Secure strategy
13. An attempt by a firm to convince buyers that its product is different from the products of other firms in the industry
Profit
No cooperative equilibrium
Product differentiation
Collusion
14. Intense competition in which competitors cut retail prices to gain business--oligopolistic competition
Rent-seeking behavior
Price war
Mixed (randomized) strategy
Inefficiency
15. Single firm is sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes
Cournot oligopoly
Pure monopoly
Four-firm concentration ratio
Cooperative equilibrium
16. If production of a good requires a particular input - then control of that input can be a barrier to entry
What is game?
Limit pricing
Prisoners' dilemma
Ownership of a Key Input
17. When something can be consumed without reducing the benefits available for subsequent consumption; can be consumed without supporting rivalry between consumers
High Price Elasticity
Inefficiency
Non-rivalrous consumption
Rothschild index
18. Sellers can identify different types of customers and offer each a different price. Examples are special prices for students or the elderly
Nash equilibrium
Lerner index
Price war
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
19. Anything that keeps new firms from entering an industry in which firms are earning economic profits (e.g. Ownership of a Key Input - Capital - Patents - Economies of scale)
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Pure monopoly
Barrier to entry
Bargaining Power of Buyers
20. Price Sensitive
High Price Elasticity
Simultaneous-move game
Perfect Competition (characteristics)
Business strategy
21. Rules - strategies - payoffs - outcomes
Commodity bundling
Payoff
What is game?
Two-part pricing
22. Operates like the alleged Mafia. Region division of the market among the firms in the industry
Open Collusion
Imperfect competition
Dominant strategy equilibrium
Monopolistic Characteristics:
23. An equilibrium in a game in which players cooperate to increase their mutual payoff
Cooperative equilibrium
Strategic behavior
Economies of scale
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
24. An establishment firm commits to setting price below the profit-maximizing level to prevent entry
Limit pricing
Product differentiation
Non-cooperative behavior
Interdependence
25. Multiple firms produce similar products - Firms face downward sloping demand curves - Profit maximization occurs where MC=MR - With free entry and exit - firms compete away economic profits
Cooperation
No cooperative equilibrium
Equilibrium
Monopolistic Competition
26. The exclusive right to a product for a period of 20 years from the date the product is invented
Cutthroat Competition
Patent
Collusion
Product differentiation
27. A situation in which a change in price strategy by one firm affects sales and profits of another
Prisoners' dilemma
Mutual interdependence
Non-rivalrous consumption
Trigger strategy
28. Keeps the price just where it is to maximize profit
Non-cooperative behavior
First-mover advantage
Payoff table
Cutthroat Competition
29. In game theory - benefit obtained by party that moves first in a sequential game
Block pricing
Monopolistic Characteristics:
Non-rivalrous consumption
First-mover advantage
30. Takes Place inside the Mind of the consumer
Payoff
Mutual Interdependence
Basis for Product Differentiation
Product Differentiation
31. An oligopoly in which the firms produce a standardized product
Two-part pricing
Homogenous oligopoly
Monopolistic Competition
Differentiated oligopoly
32. Involves price-fixing
Pure monopoly
Two-part Tariff Method of Pricing
Two-part pricing
Covert Collusion
33. A strategy that is contingent on the past play of a game and ion which some particular past action "triggers" a different action by a player
Trigger strategy
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Market
Sequential game
34. Each seller can sell all he wants to sell at the going price - Buyers and sellers are price takers - The goods offered by the different sellers are largely the same - The actions of any single buyer or seller will have a negligible impact on the m
Competitive market
Payoff matrix
Marginal Revenue
Non-price competition
35. Price of a product that enables its producer to obtain a normal profit & that is equal to the ATC of producing it
Simultaneous-move game
Monopoly (characteristics)
Fair return price
The Threat from Potential Entrants Firms
36. A business arrangement in which two or more firms undertake a specific economic activity together. Once the activity is over - the firms go their own way
Price war
Socially optimal price
Cournot oligopoly
Joint Venture
37. An industry where (1) there are few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce differentiated products; (3) each firm believes rivals will respond to price reductions but will not follow price increases; and (4) barriers to entry exist
Differentiated oligopoly
Sweezy oligopoly
Secure strategy
Maximizing profit in Oligopoly games
38. Rival who sets its output after the leader (Stackelberg's model)
Product Differentiation
Follower
No cooperative equilibrium
Imperfect competition
39. When managers are able to charge each consumer their reservation price. Examples are car and home sales
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Present Value (PV)
First-Degree Price Discrimination (Perfect)
Peak-load pricing
40. Cooperation among firms that does not involve an explicit agreement
Tacit collusion
Perfect Competition Barriers to Entry
Examples of Monopolistic Competition
Monopolistic Competition
41. Where a firm can charge different groups of consumers different prices for the same product. Example: student or senior discounts
Simultaneous decision games
Third-degree price discrimination
Profit
Cooperation
42. A strategy whereby a player randomizes over two or more available actions in order to keep rivals from being able to predict his action
Sequential game
Tacit collusion
Mixed (randomized) strategy
First-mover advantage
43. The physical characteristics of the market within which firms interact
Limit pricing
Price Leadership
Market Structure
Tacit collusion
44. The competition for sales between the products of one industry and the products of another industry
Unbalanced Oligopoly
One-shot game
Stackelberg oligopoly
Inter-industry competition
45. The price of a product that results in the most efficient allocation of an economy's resources and that is equal to the marginal cost of the product
Socially optimal price
Marginal Revenue
Rothschild index
Sweezy oligopoly
46. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge in attempts to limit competition
Present Value (PV)
Marginal Revenue
Collusion
Secure strategy
47. Industry in which (1) few firms serving many customers; (2) firms produce identical products t constant marginal cost; (3) firms compete in price and react optimally to competitor's prices; (4) consumers have perfect information and here are no trans
Bertrand oligopoly
Nonprime competition
Product differentiation
Disappearing invisible hand
48. Pricing strategy in which higher prices are charged during peak hours than during off-peak hours
Monopoly (characteristics)
Peak-load pricing
Common knowledge
Third-degree price discrimination
49. A firm whose price decisions are tacitly accepted and followed by others in the industry
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Cooperative equilibrium
Import competition
Price Leadership
50. All firms and individuals willing and able to buy or sell a particular product
Market
Price matching
Cooperative equilibrium
Network effects