Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Lower extremity cyanosis in infants? In adults?
Fibrinous pericarditis
First 4 hours
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Infantile coarctation of the aorta PDA

2. How does O2 tx MI?
Mitral and tricuspid regurg - arrhythmia
Minimizes ischemia
Sterile vegetations on surface and undersurface on mitral valve
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

3. What is an Anitschow cell?
Dilation of all four chambers of the heart
Sterile vegetations on surface and undersurface on mitral valve
Pts w/previously damaged valves
Reactive histiocyte with caterpillar nucleus

4. Which congenital heart defect is associated with maternal diabetes?
Widens it diastolic pressure decreases due to regurgitation while systolic pressure increases due to increased stroke volume
Transposition of the great vessels
Asymptomatic
ST- segment elevation

5. What shunt does tetralogy of fallot produce?
MI
Right -->left
Loss of fx
Breast and lung carcinoma - melanoma - lymphoma

6. What is systolic dysfx?
Mitral regurg
Right -->left
Tricuspid
Ventricles cannot pump

7. What is Dressler syndrome? When does it occur?
Autoimmune pericarditis 6-8 wks post MI
Shunt - PGE to maintain PDA until surgical repair can be performed
Systemic venous congestion
Indomethacin - decreases PGE

8. What is the most common cause of endocarditis in IV drug users?
S aureus
Small - sterile fibrin deposits randomly arranged on closure of valve leaflets
White scar fibrosis
Increased blood in right heart delays closure of P valve

9. What typically causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Adult coarctation of the aorta
AD mutation in sarcomere proteins
R-->L
Inability to maintain systemic pressure w/lack of O2 to vital organs

10. What causes the nutmeg color in nutmeg liver?
Intercostal arteries enlarged due to collateral circulation
Systolic dysfx leading to biventricular CHF
Congested central veins
ACE inhibitor

11. What is the tx for dilated cardiomyopathy?
R-->L
Heart transplant
Holosystolic machine like murmur
Inability to maintain systemic pressure w/lack of O2 to vital organs

12. What is a Quincke pulse?
Autoimmune pericarditis 6-8 wks post MI
RHF
Myocarditis
Pulsating nail bed

13. What is the murmur of mitral valve prolapse?
Subendocardial
Prinzmetal angina
L->R
Mid - systolic click followed by regurgitation murmur

14. What are the forward and backward sx of LHF?
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy
Backward: dyspnea - PND - orthopnea - crackles (pulmonary congestion and edema) - heart failure cells forward: fluid retention due to decreased flow to kidneys leading to activation of RAA
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Dilation of all four chambers of the heart

15. What is an Aschoff body?
Foci of chronic inflammation - reactive histiocytes with slender - wavy nuclei - giant cells - and fibrinoid material
Tricuspid
Hypercoagulable state or underlying adenocarcinoma
1) damaged endocardial surface develops thrombotic vegetations 2) transient bacteremia leads to trapping of bacteria in the vegetations

16. Opening snap followed by diastolic rumble.
Tuberous sclerosis
S epidermidis
Migratory polyarthritis
Mitral stenosis

17. What maintains patency of the PDA?
Reversible
Reperfusion of irreversibly damaged cells results in Ca influx - leading to hypercontraction of myofibrils
Sterile vegetations on mitral valve along lines of closure
PGE

18. What tests show prior group A beta - hemolytic strep infection?
Elevated ASO anti - DNase B titers
Boot shaped heart
Hypercoagulable state or underlying adenocarcinoma
Shunt - PGE to maintain PDA until surgical repair can be performed

19. What causes unstable angina?
Rupture of plaque with w/thrombus and incomplete occlusion of coronary artery
Infantile coarctation of the aorta
VSD
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

20. Friction rub and chest pain.
Pericarditits
Ischemia - htn - dilated cardiomyopathy - MI - restrictive cardiomyopathy
Valve replacement once LV dysfx develops
Libman - Sacks endocarditis

21. What valves are involved in rhuematic endocarditis?
Reperfusion injury
Mitral mitral+aortic
ASD - R-->L
Shunt

22. What always follows necrosis?
Sterile vegetations on mitral valve along lines of closure
Sterile vegetations on surface and undersurface on mitral valve
Friction rub and chest pain
Acute inflammation

23. Endomyocardial fibrosis w/eosinophilic infiltrate and eosinophilia.
Fibrinous pericarditis
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci
Loss of LV fx
Loeffler syndrome

24. What are the clinical features of RHF?
Jugular venous distension - painful hepatosplenomegaly w/nutmeg liver - cardica cirrhosis - dependent pitting edema
Fibrosis and dystrophic calcification
PDA
Cardiac tamponade

25. What heart sound manifest with an ASD?
MV prolapse LV dilation - infective endocarditis - acute rheumatic heart disease - papillary muscle rupture
PDA
Split S2 on auscultation
2-4 hours - 24 hours - 7-10 days

26. What is the most common cause of myocarditis?
Volume overload and LHF
Sterile vegetations on surface and undersurface on mitral valve
AD mutation in sarcomere proteins
Coxsackie A or B

27. Swelling and pain in a large joint that resolves within days and migrates to involve another large joint.
Migratory polyarthritis
S aureus
LAD
Large vegetations of S aureus

28. What is the characteristic finding on CXR in tetralogy of fallot?
Aortic stenosis
Slow HR - decreasing O2 demand and risk for arrhythmia
Boot shaped heart
Libman - Sacks endocarditis

29. What is the most common cause of aortic stenosis?
RCA
Anterior wall of LV and anterior septum
Wear and tear
Cardiogenic shock - CHF - arrhythmia

30. What characterizes acute rheumatic fever endocarditiis?
Rupture of plaque with w/thrombus and incomplete occlusion of coronary artery
Heart transplant
Troponin I
Small vegetations along the line of closure

31. What is the effect of acute vs chronic rheumatic disease off the mitral valve?
RCA
Regurg vs stenosis
ST- segment depression
Valve replacement AFTER the onset of complications

32. Early - blowing diastolic murmur - bounding pulse - pulsating nail bed - and head bobbing.
Small vegetations along the line of closure
Aortic regurg
Colon cancer
>60 years - bicuspid aortic valve

33. What are the Jones criteria?
Evidence of prior group A beta - hemolytic strep plus major and minor criteria
ASD - R-->L
Volume overload and LHF
Aortic regurg

34. What effect does aortic stenosis have on the chambers of the heart?
Granulation tissue
Concentric LV hypertophy
Repeat exposure to group A beta - hemolytic strep that results in relapse of the acute phase
Endomyocardial fibrosis w/eosinophilic infiltrate and eosinophilia

35. What structures are susceptible to rupture post MI?
Concentric LV hypertophy
Papillary muscle - free wall - IV septum
Large - destructive vegetations
Chest pain - arrhythmia - sudden death - heart failure - dilated cardiomyopathy

36. What type of collagen is involved in fibrosis?
Type I
Boot shaped heart
Aortic stenosis
Open blocked vessels

37. Small - sterile fibrin deposits randomly arranged on closure of valve leaflets in a pt w/metastatic colon cancer?
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
Small - sterile fibrin deposits randomly arranged on closure of valve leaflets
Tetralogy of fallot
Myocarditis

38. What creates the immune reaction in acute rhuematic fever?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

39. Infects predamaged valves after transient bacteremia?
S viridans
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Circumflex
Metastasis

40. What iis the tx for aortic regurg?
Valve replacement once LV dysfx develops
CK- MB
Surgical closure small defects may close spontaneously
Aschoff bodies

41. What type of endocarditis is associated w/metastatic cancer and wasting conditions?
Backward LHF pulm htn and RHF - afib and associated mural thombis
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Papillary muscle - free wall - IV septum

42. Episodic chest pain unrelated to exertion due to coronary vasospasm. ST- segment elevation. Relieved by NG or Ca channel blockers.
Concentric LV hypertophy
Prinzmetal angina
Right -->left
Reperfusion injury

43. When do macrophagess infiltrate the myocardium post MI?
4-7 days
Right -->left
Rhadbomyoma - benign
Endocardial fibroelastosis (rare)

44. What type of shunt does a VSD cause?
Within the first day
L->R
Adult coarctation of the aorta
Sudden cardiac death

45. How does aortic regurg affect the heart chambers?
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy
AD mutation in sarcomere proteins
LAD
Endocardial fibroelastosis

46. Boot - shaped heart on x- ray?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Tetralogy of fallot
Major criteria of Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever J: joint (migratory polyarthritis) O: heart (pancarditis) N: nodules (subcutaneous nodules) E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea
Squatting - increased systemic resistence decreases LV emptying

47. Turner syndrome is associated with which congenital heart defect?
Infantile coarctation of the aorta
Small vegetations along the line of closure
Doxorubicin - cocaine
Osler nodes (ouch - ouch Osler)

48. What causes wear and tear aortic stenosis?
Dilated
Valve replacement
Loss of fx
Fibrosis and dystrophic calcification

49. What two things cause coronary artery vasospasm?
Prinzmetal angina - cocaine
Heart can't fill
RHF
Sudden cardiac death

50. What are Osler nodes?
Pericardial effusion due to pericardial involvement
Inability to maintain systemic pressure w/lack of O2 to vital organs
Wear and tear
Tender lesions on fingers or toes.