SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiac
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What maintains patency of the PDA?
Congestive heart failure
PGE
Hypercoagulable state or underlying adenocarcinoma
Prophylactic abx during dental procedures
2. What drugs can cause dilated cardiomyopathy?
Doxorubicin - cocaine
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
Nitroglycerin
Mitral mitral+aortic
3. What gross and microscopic changes occur 1-3 weeks after an MI?
Coronary artery vasospasm - emboli - vasculitis
Early - blowing diastolic murmur bounding pulse - pulsating nail bed - and head bobbing
20 min
Red border granulation tissue
4. What are the clinical features of RHF?
Infantile coarctation of the aorta PDA
Pedunculated mass in the LA that causes syncope due to obstruction of MV
Jugular venous distension - painful hepatosplenomegaly w/nutmeg liver - cardica cirrhosis - dependent pitting edema
Streptococcus bovis/
5. What % stenosis causes stable angina?
>70%
Myxoma - benign
Cyanosis - RV hypertrophy - polycythemia - clubbing
ST- segment depression
6. Are most congenital heart defects spontaneous or inherited?
Spontaneous
Streptococcus viridans
Slow HR - decreasing O2 demand and risk for arrhythmia
Aortic regurg
7. What causes heart failure cells?
Holosystolic blowing murmur
Prophylactic abx during dental procedures
Rupture of capillaries leading to intraalveolar hemorrhage - sx of LHF
Tuberous sclerosis
8. How does restrictive cardiomyopathy present?
Congestive heart failure
Left -->right
Prinzmetal angina
Decreased forward perfusion pulmonary congestion
9. What coronary artery supplies the mitral valve papillary muscles?
R-->L
Yellow pallor macrophages
RCA
Harmartoma
10. Large vegetations on tricuspid valve?
Months out fibrosis
LA dilation
Tricuspid
S aureus
11. How does O2 tx MI?
Intercostal arteries enlarged due to collateral circulation
Minimizes ischemia
2-3 weeks
Widens it diastolic pressure decreases due to regurgitation while systolic pressure increases due to increased stroke volume
12. How does Eisenmeger syndrome occur?
Left to right shunt causes increased flow thru pulm circulation which results in hypertrophy of pulm vessels and pulm htn - increased pulm resistance results in reveral of shunt
Valve scarring that arises as a consequence of rheumatic fever
Pts w/previously damaged valves
SLE
13. What causes prinzmetal angina?
LA
AD mutation in sarcomere proteins
Coronary artery vasospasm
R-->L
14. With what endocarditis is S epidermidis associated?
Prinzmetal
Endocarditis of prosthetic valves
Acute ischemia - mitral valve prolapse - cardiomyopathy - cocaine abuse
S aureus
15. What two things happen when a blocked vessel is opened after an MI?
Opening snap followed by diastolic rumble
Infantile coarctation of the aorta
RCA
Contraction band necrosis - reperfusion injury
16. What is typically the mechanims of sudden cardiac death?
Squat in response to cyanotic spell
Ventricular arrhythmia
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci
Paradoxical emboli
17. Endomyocardial fibrosis w/eosinophilic infiltrate and eosinophilia.
Prophylactic abx during dental procedures
Friction rub and chest pain
Loeffler syndrome
Posterior wall of LV - posterior septum - papillary muscles
18. What are the two effects of ATII?
Isolated root dilation - valve damage (infective endocarditis) - aortic root dilation (syphilitic aneurysm or aortic dissection)
Nitroglycerin
Reperfusion injury
Constrict peripheral arterioles - increasing TPR - release aldosterone - increasing blood volume
19. What are the causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy in adults?
Wear and tear
Mitral regurg
Major criteria of Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever J: joint (migratory polyarthritis) O: heart (pancarditis) N: nodules (subcutaneous nodules) E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea
Amyloidosis - sarcoidosis - hemochromatosis - and Loeffler syndrome
20. What complications occur within 4 hrs post MI?
Migratory polyarthritis
Tricuspid
Cardiogenic shock - CHF - arrhythmia
Mitral and tricuspid regurg - arrhythmia
21. What is the rate of mitral valve prolapse in the US?
Red border granulation tissue
Foci of chronic inflammation - reactive histiocytes with slender - wavy nuclei - giant cells - and fibrinoid material
2-3%
Valve replacement
22. What are complications of dilated cardiomyopathy?
Anitschow cell
Small vegetations along the line of closure
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Mitral and tricuspid regurg - arrhythmia
23. What cardiac disease is associated with tuberous sclerosis?
Cardiac tamponade
Rhabdomyoma
Prinzmetal angina
Anterior wall of LV and anterior septum
24. What is the rate of congenital heart defects?
Decreased CO due to diastolic dysfx - syncope w/exercise - sudden death due to vfib
1%
ST- segment depression
Tender lesions on fingers or toes.
25. What increases the risk for chronic rheumatic heart disease?
Repeat exposure to group A beta - hemolytic strep that results in relapse of the acute phase
Major criteria of Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever J: joint (migratory polyarthritis) O: heart (pancarditis) N: nodules (subcutaneous nodules) E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea
Friction rub and chest pain
Pulsating nail bed
26. Turner syndrome is associated with which congenital heart defect?
Decrease in blood flow to an organ
Infantile coarctation of the aorta
Breast and lung carcinoma - melanoma - lymphoma
Dilated
27. What is the most common cause of death during the acute phase of rheumatic fever?
Congestive heart failure
Myocarditis
Tender lesions on fingers or toes.
Decrease preload -->lowers myocardial stress
28. With what other congenital heart defect is tricuspid atresia associated? What type of shunt is present?
>70%
ASD - R-->L
Backward LHF pulm htn and RHF - afib and associated mural thombis
R-->L
29. What are the sx of PDA at birth?
Paradoxical emboli
Mitral insufficiency
Asymptomatic
Indomethacin - decreases PGE
30. What is migratory polyarthritis?
Major criteria of Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever J: joint (migratory polyarthritis) O: heart (pancarditis) N: nodules (subcutaneous nodules) E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea
Arthritis in a large joint (wrist - knees - ankles) that resolves within days and migrates to another large joint
Myocarditis
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
31. Is injury due angina reversible or irreversible?
Reversible
Coronary artery vasospasm
Dilation of all four chambers of the heart
Low voltage EKG w/diminished QRS amplitude
32. Chest pain the arises with exertion or emotional stress and is relieved by NG or rest. The pain lasts <20 min and radiates to the left arm or jaw. There is also diaphoresis and SOB - EKG shows ST- segment depression.
Mitral regurg
Stable angina
Systolic dysfx leading to biventricular CHF
PGE
33. How does aortic regurg affect the heart chambers?
Shunt - PGE to maintain PDA until surgical repair can be performed
Concentric hypertrophy - can't oxygenate full wall - ischemic damage
Prinzmetal angina
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy
34. What effect does chronic rheumatic heart disease have on the aortic valve?
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
35. What type of ischemia does stable angina cause?
1 day: coag necr 1 wk: inflammation (neutrophils and macrophages) 1 mo: scar
Subendocardial
Sudden cardiac death
Idiopathic genetic mutation (AD) - myocarditis - alcohol - drugs - pregnancy
36. What determines the extent of shunting and cyanosis in tetralogy of fallot?
1-3 days out
Coexisting mitral stenosis and fusion of commisures exist
L->R
Degree of pulmonary artery stenosis
37. Poor myocardial fx due to chronic ischemic damage?
Pulsating nail bed
Chronic ischemic heart disease
Prinzmetal
Fibrosis and dystrophic calcification
38. When is an MI pt at greatest risk for cardiogenic shock?
Backward LHF pulm htn and RHF - afib and associated mural thombis
Concentric hypertrophy - can't oxygenate full wall - ischemic damage
First 4 hours
Major criteria of Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever J: joint (migratory polyarthritis) O: heart (pancarditis) N: nodules (subcutaneous nodules) E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea
39. What is the most common cause of aortic stenosis?
RCA
PDA
Loss of fx
Wear and tear
40. What endocarditis is commonly found in patients with colon cancer?
Myocarditis
Right side - serotonin and other secretory products detoxified in the lung
ST- segment elevation
Streptococcus bovis/
41. How do beta blockers tx MI?
Ventricles cannot pump
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
Slow HR - decreasing O2 demand and risk for arrhythmia
Intercostal arteries enlarged due to collateral circulation
42. What shunt does tetralogy of fallot produce?
S epidermidis
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
Trisomy 21
Right -->left
43. What is Loeffler syndrome?
S epidermidis
Endomyocardial fibrosis w/eosinophilic infiltrate and eosinophilia
PDA
Friction rub and chest pain
44. What type of endocarditis is associated w/metastatic cancer and wasting conditions?
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
Endocarditis of prosthetic valves
Mitral mitral+aortic
Granulation tissue
45. What are the clinical features of RHF due to?
Systemic venous congestion
Infectious
Shunt
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
46. What is the most common cause of infectious endocarditis?
LHF - left - to - right shunt - chronic lung disease (cor pulmonale)
Streptococcus viridans
Haemophilus - Actinobacillus - Cardiobacterium - Eikenella - Kingella endocarditis w/negative blood culture
Low voltage EKG w/diminished QRS amplitude
47. With what congenital heart defect is ADULT coarctation of the aorta associated?
Ischemic heart disease
Transesophageal echo
Bicuspid aortic valve
RCA
48. What causes endocarditis of prosthetic valves?
Congestive heart failure
Sterile vegetations on mitral valve along lines of closure
S epidermidis
Widens it diastolic pressure decreases due to regurgitation while systolic pressure increases due to increased stroke volume
49. What is the definition of ischemia?
Ischemia - htn - dilated cardiomyopathy - MI - restrictive cardiomyopathy
PDA
Decrease in blood flow to an organ
Reversible
50. Episodic chest pain unrelated to exertion due to coronary vasospasm. ST- segment elevation. Relieved by NG or Ca channel blockers.
Reperfusion of irreversibly damaged cells results in Ca influx - leading to hypercontraction of myofibrils
Prinzmetal angina
Asymptomatic
RCA