Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the major cause of MI?
Open blocked vessels
Rupture of free wall - IV septum - or papillary muscle
Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque and complete occlusion of the coronary artery
Eisenmenger syndrome

2. What causes the nutmeg color in nutmeg liver?
Stable and unstable prinzmetal
Congested central veins
Jugular venous distension - painful hepatosplenomegaly w/nutmeg liver - cardica cirrhosis - dependent pitting edema
1) migratory polyarthritis 2) pancarditis 3) subcutaneous nodules 4) erythema marginatum 5) Syndenham chorea

3. What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death? What are less common causes of sudden cardiac death?
Holosystolic blowing murmur
4-6 hours - 24 hours - 72 hours
Acute ischemia - mitral valve prolapse - cardiomyopathy - cocaine abuse
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy

4. What are the cancers that most commonly metastasize to the heart?
Breast and lung carcinoma - melanoma - lymphoma
Stable angina
Decreases LV dilation by decreasing volume
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

5. With what other congenital heart defect is tricuspid atresia associated? What type of shunt is present?
ASD - R-->L
Backward LHF pulm htn and RHF - afib and associated mural thombis
Dilated
CK- MB

6. What congenital heart defect often is present with infantile coarctation of the aorta?
PDA
Squat in response to cyanotic spell
Loss of LV fx
Decreased forward perfusion pulmonary congestion

7. What disesase has Aschoff bodies?
Months out fibrosis
MI
Aortic stenosis
Myocarditis in acute rheumatic heart fever

8. What congenital heart defect is associated with fetal alcohol syndrome?
1) damaged endocardial surface develops thrombotic vegetations 2) transient bacteremia leads to trapping of bacteria in the vegetations
VSD
Transposition of the great vessels
Systolic ejection click followed by crescendo - decrescendo murmur

9. What coronary arterysupplies the lateral wall of the LV?
Contraction band necrosis
Osler nodes (ouch - ouch Osler)
Circumflex
Thickening of chrodae tendinae and cusps - mitral stenosis

10. What causes heart failure cells?
>60 years - bicuspid aortic valve
Rupture of capillaries leading to intraalveolar hemorrhage - sx of LHF
Myocarditis in acute rheumatic heart fever
Constrict peripheral arterioles - increasing TPR - release aldosterone - increasing blood volume

11. How do nitrates tx MI?
Right side - serotonin and other secretory products detoxified in the lung
Infectious
R-->L
Decrease preload -->lowers myocardial stress

12. What is the most common primary cardiac tumor in children? Is it malignant or benign?
Isolated root dilation - valve damage (infective endocarditis) - aortic root dilation (syphilitic aneurysm or aortic dissection)
Coronary artery vasospasm - emboli - vasculitis
LHF - left - to - right shunt - chronic lung disease (cor pulmonale)
Rhadbomyoma - benign

13. What is migratory polyarthritis?
Arthritis in a large joint (wrist - knees - ankles) that resolves within days and migrates to another large joint
RCA
Dilated
SLE

14. What are the forward and backward sx of LHF?
Jugular venous distension - painful hepatosplenomegaly w/nutmeg liver - cardica cirrhosis - dependent pitting edema
Backward: dyspnea - PND - orthopnea - crackles (pulmonary congestion and edema) - heart failure cells forward: fluid retention due to decreased flow to kidneys leading to activation of RAA
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
Posterior wall of LV - posterior septum - papillary muscles

15. Turner syndrome is associated with which congenital heart defect?
Mitral stenosis
Backward: dyspnea - PND - orthopnea - crackles (pulmonary congestion and edema) - heart failure cells forward: fluid retention due to decreased flow to kidneys leading to activation of RAA
Infantile coarctation of the aorta
Hemosiderin laden macrophages

16. What is the JOneS mneumonic?
Major criteria of Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever J: joint (migratory polyarthritis) O: heart (pancarditis) N: nodules (subcutaneous nodules) E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea
ST- segment depression
Ischemia - htn - dilated cardiomyopathy - MI - restrictive cardiomyopathy
Kawasaki disease

17. In which pts does S viridans cause endocarditits?
Pts w/previously damaged valves
S aureus
Fever: due to bacteremia murmur: due to vegetations janeway lesions - osler nodes - and splinter hemorrhages: due to embolization of septic vegetations anemia of chronic disease: due to chronic inflammation
Return of O2 and inflammatory cells cause FR generation - further damaging myocytes

18. What does Libman - Sacks endocarditis cause?
Concentric hypertrophy - can't oxygenate full wall - ischemic damage
When a bacterial protein resembles a protein in human tissue
SLE
Mitral regurg

19. What are the minor critera of the Jones criteria?
Cardiogenic shock - CHF - arrhythmia
Nonspecific - eg fever and elevated ESR
Arthritis in a large joint (wrist - knees - ankles) that resolves within days and migrates to another large joint
Return of O2 and inflammatory cells cause FR generation - further damaging myocytes

20. What causes the split S2 in ASD?
S epidermidis
Heart can't fill
Stable angina
Increased blood in right heart delays closure of P valve

21. In transposition of the great vessels - What is required for survival? How is this achieved?
Prophylactic abx during dental procedures
Transesophageal echo
Shunt - PGE to maintain PDA until surgical repair can be performed
Stable angina

22. What is the classic EKG finding of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Low voltage EKG w/diminished QRS amplitude
Small - nondestructive vegetations (subacute endocarditis)
Wear and tear
Regurg vs stenosis

23. What congenital heart defect presents later in life with lower extremity cyanosis?
PDA
Volume overload and LHF
Mitral and tricuspid regurg - arrhythmia
Constrict peripheral arterioles - increasing TPR - release aldosterone - increasing blood volume

24. Episodic chest pain unrelated to exertion due to coronary vasospasm. ST- segment elevation. Relieved by NG or Ca channel blockers.
Streptococcus viridans
Shunt - PGE to maintain PDA until surgical repair can be performed
Decreased CO due to diastolic dysfx - syncope w/exercise - sudden death due to vfib
Prinzmetal angina

25. Holosystolic blowing murmur that increases w/expiration?
Coxsackie A or B
Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
Mitral regurg
First 4 hours

26. What is the foundation of a scar?
Myocarditis in acute rheumatic heart fever
Granulation tissue
Coronary artery vasospasm - emboli - vasculitis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

27. What imaging test is useful for detecting lesions on valves?
Valve replacement once LV dysfx develops
Autoimmune pericarditis 6-8 wks post MI
Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
Transesophageal echo

28. Return of O2 and inflammatory cells cause FR generation - further damaging myocytes.
Reperfusion injury
PDA
First 4 hours
Rhadbomyoma - benign

29. What is the murmur of mitral regurg?
Holosystolic blowing murmur
Shunt - PGE to maintain PDA until surgical repair can be performed
Ventricle
Infantile coarctation of the aorta

30. When is a post - MI pt at highest risk for Dressler syndrome? With what microscopic change is this complication associated?
PDA
Fibrinous pericarditis
Coronary artery vasospasm
Months out fibrosis

31. How long after pharyngitis does acute rheumatic fever occur?
2-3 weeks
Ischemic heart disease
Aortic regurg
Red border granulation tissue

32. With what condition are rhabdomyomas associated?
Chronic ischemic heart disease
Myofiber hypertrophy with disarray
Eisenmenger syndrome
Tuberous sclerosis

33. What is molecular mimicry?
1-3 days
Left -->right
When a bacterial protein resembles a protein in human tissue
Ventricle

34. How do you tx prinzmetal angina?
Aortic stenosis
NG or Ca channel blocker
Type I
Aortic regurg

35. With what endocarditis is S epidermidis associated?
Aneurysm - mural thrombus - Dressler syndrome
Tuberous sclerosis
Endocarditis of prosthetic valves
RCA

36. How does hypertension cause LHF?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

37. Opening snap followed by diastolic rumble.
Maternal diabetes
Fibrosis and dystrophic calcification
Mitral stenosis
Ventricles cannot pump

38. What causes microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in aortic stenosis?
RBC damaged while crossing the calcified valve causing schistocytes
Colon cancer
PDA
Preductal - post aortic arch

39. What is the tx for LHF?
ACE inhibitor
Myxoma - benign
Chest pain <20 min brought on by exertion or emotional stress
Sudden cardiac death

40. How does dilated cardiomyopathy cause LHF?
Stretched muscle loses contractility
RCA
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Subendocardial

41. What increases the volume of mitral regurg murmur?
Colon cancer
Left -->right
Squatting - expiration
Isolated root dilation - valve damage (infective endocarditis) - aortic root dilation (syphilitic aneurysm or aortic dissection)

42. What are heart failure cells?
Hemosiderin laden macrophages
Stretched muscle loses contractility
Cyanosis - RV hypertrophy - polycythemia - clubbing
Ventricle

43. What are the sx of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Tricuspid
RHF
Decreased CO due to diastolic dysfx - syncope w/exercise - sudden death due to vfib
Migratory polyarthritis

44. What type of vegetations does Strep viridans cause?
Squat in response to cyanotic spell
LHF - left - to - right shunt - chronic lung disease (cor pulmonale)
Prinzmetal angina - cocaine
Small - nondestructive vegetations (subacute endocarditis)

45. What is the effect of mitral regurg on the heart?
Loeffler syndrome
VSD
Volume overload and LHF
Increased O2 demand during exercise but can't increase CO b/c of narrowed valve

46. What is the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults? Is it malignant or benign?
Systolic ejection click followed by crescendo - decrescendo murmur
Myxoma - benign
Chest pain - arrhythmia - sudden death - heart failure - dilated cardiomyopathy
Return of O2 and inflammatory cells cause FR generation - further damaging myocytes

47. What effect does chronic rheumatic heart disease have the mitral valve?
Thickening of chrodae tendinae and cusps - mitral stenosis
Stable angina
Subendocardial
Hypercoagulable state or underlying adenocarcinoma

48. What is Loeffler syndrome?
Endomyocardial fibrosis w/eosinophilic infiltrate and eosinophilia
Regurg vs stenosis
Sterile vegetations on surface and undersurface on mitral valve
Rupture of plaque with w/thrombus and incomplete occlusion of coronary artery

49. How does fibrinolysis/angioplasty tx MI?
Open blocked vessels
Aortic stenosis
stenosis of RV outflow tract - RV hypertrophy - VSD - aorta that overrides the VSD
Stretched muscle loses contractility

50. Which angina(s) show ST elevation on EKG? ST depression?
Prinzmetal stable and unstable
RBC damaged while crossing the calcified valve causing schistocytes
Mitral insufficiency
Coronary artery vasospasm - emboli - vasculitis

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Major Subjects
Tests & Exams AP CLEP DSST GRE SAT GMAT	Certifications CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/ PMP ITIL RHCE MCTS More...	IT Skills Android Programming Data Modeling Objective C Programming Basic Python Programming Adobe Illustrator More...	Business Skills Advertising Techniques Business Accounting Basics Business Strategy Human Resource Management Marketing Basics More...
Soft Skills Body Language People Skills Public Speaking Persuasion Job Hunting And Resumes More...	Vocabulary GRE Vocab SAT Vocab TOEFL Essential Vocab Basic English Words For All Global Words You Should Know Business English More...	Languages AP German Vocab AP Latin Vocab SAT Subject Test: French Italian Survival Norwegian Survival More...	Engineering Audio Engineering Computer Science Engineering Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering Structural Engineering More...
Health Sciences Basic Nursing Skills Health Science Language Fundamentals Veterinary Technology Medical Language Cardiology Clinical Surgery More...	English Grammar Fundamentals Literary And Rhetorical Vocab Elements Of Style Vocab Introduction To English Major Complete Advanced Sentences Literature Homonyms More...	Math Algebra Formulas Basic Arithmetic: Measurements Metric Conversions Geometric Properties Important Math Facts Number Sense Vocab Business Math More...	Other Major Subjects Science Economics History Law Performing-arts Cooking Logic & Reasoning Trivia

Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Let me suggest you:

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests

Major Subjects

Tests & Exams

Certifications

IT Skills

Business Skills

Soft Skills

Vocabulary

Languages

Engineering

Health Sciences

English

Math

Other Major Subjects

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests