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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiac
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In which chamber of the heart are cardiac myxomas found?
2-3%
LA
Thickening of chrodae tendinae and cusps - mitral stenosis
When a bacterial protein resembles a protein in human tissue
2. What cardiac disease is associated with tuberous sclerosis?
MV prolapse LV dilation - infective endocarditis - acute rheumatic heart disease - papillary muscle rupture
Gelatinous - abundant ground substance
LHF
Rhabdomyoma
3. When do neutrophils infiltrate the myocardium post MI?
Squatting - expiration
Congenital rubella
Mitral valve prolapse
1-3 days
4. Are most congenital heart defects spontaneous or inherited?
Spontaneous
2-3%
Migratory polyarthritis
2-3 weeks
5. What causes endocarditis of prosthetic valves?
R-->L
S epidermidis
Minimizes ischemia
Months out fibrosis
6. What type of ASD is associated w/Down syndrome?
Ostium primum
PDA
Autoimmune pericarditis 6-8 wks post MI
Reperfusion of irreversibly damaged cells results in Ca influx - leading to hypercontraction of myofibrils
7. Episodic chest pain unrelated to exertion due to coronary vasospasm. ST- segment elevation. Relieved by NG or Ca channel blockers.
Cyanosis - RV hypertrophy - polycythemia - clubbing
Arthritis in a large joint (wrist - knees - ankles) that resolves within days and migrates to another large joint
Prinzmetal angina
Bicuspid aortic valve
8. With what disease is infantile coarctation of the aorta associated?
Turner syndrome
Ischemic heart disease
Troponin I
Mitral mitral+aortic
9. What causes the dependent pitting edema in RHF?
Contraction band necrosis
Hypercoagulable state or underlying adenocarcinoma
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Elevated ASO anti - DNase B titers
10. What is a water - hammer pulse?
Early - blowing diastolic murmur bounding pulse - pulsating nail bed - and head bobbing
S epidermidis
Bounding pulse
Thickening of chrodae tendinae and cusps - mitral stenosis
11. In which pts does S viridans cause endocarditits?
stenosis of RV outflow tract - RV hypertrophy - VSD - aorta that overrides the VSD
Months out fibrosis
Pts w/previously damaged valves
Myxoid degeneration
12. What are the cancers that most commonly metastasize to the heart?
Atria and RV
Breast and lung carcinoma - melanoma - lymphoma
Rupture of free wall - IV septum - or papillary muscle
Shunt
13. When does the heart have dark discoloration post MI?
4-24 hours
Anterior wall of LV and anterior septum
Right -->left
Prinzmetal stable and unstable
14. What effect does transposition of the great vessels have on the ventricles?
Valve replacement once LV dysfx develops
Hypertophy of RV atrophy of LV
Major criteria of Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever J: joint (migratory polyarthritis) O: heart (pancarditis) N: nodules (subcutaneous nodules) E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea
LAD
15. What areas of the heart does the RCA supply?
4-24 hours
Posterior wall of LV - posterior septum - papillary muscles
L->R
Ostium secundum (90%)
16. Ostium primum ASD is associated with what congenital disorder?
Acute inflammation
White scar fibrosis
Cyanosis - RV hypertrophy - polycythemia - clubbing
Trisomy 21
17. How does restrictive cardiomyopathy present?
Coronary artery vasospasm - emboli - vasculitis
Bicuspid aortic valve
Congestive heart failure
Limits thrombosis
18. What type of tumor is a rhabdomyoma?
Aortic regurg
Bicuspid aortic valve
Harmartoma
White scar fibrosis
19. How does O2 tx MI?
Erythematous nontender lesions on palms and soles.
Minimizes ischemia
PDA
NG or Ca channel blocker
20. What is the most common cause of RHF? What are others?
Yellow pallor neutrophils
Gelatinous - abundant ground substance
Anitschow cell
LHF - left - to - right shunt - chronic lung disease (cor pulmonale)
21. What causes acute endocarditis?
Annular - non pruritic rash w/erythematous borders trunks and limbs
Erythematous nontender lesions on palms and soles.
Large vegetations of S aureus
Myocarditis
22. How does Eisenmeger syndrome occur?
Large vegetations of S aureus
Prinzmetal stable and unstable
Ostium primum
Left to right shunt causes increased flow thru pulm circulation which results in hypertrophy of pulm vessels and pulm htn - increased pulm resistance results in reveral of shunt
23. What % of MIs involve the LAD?
45%
Major criteria of Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever J: joint (migratory polyarthritis) O: heart (pancarditis) N: nodules (subcutaneous nodules) E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea
Large - destructive vegetations
Ventricle
24. What is the most common type of endocarditis?
Aschoff bodies
AD mutation in sarcomere proteins
Infectious
Aortic regurg
25. What disesase has Aschoff bodies?
Infectious endocarditis - arrythmias - severe mitral regurg no
Gelatinous - abundant ground substance
VSD
Myocarditis in acute rheumatic heart fever
26. What tests show prior group A beta - hemolytic strep infection?
Small - nondestructive vegetations (subacute endocarditis)
Anterior wall of LV and anterior septum
Elevated ASO anti - DNase B titers
Increased hydrostatic pressure
27. What does rupture of the IV septum cause?
Coxsackie A or B
Shunt
Sterile vegetations on mitral valve along lines of closure
Posterior wall of LV - posterior septum - papillary muscles
28. What areas of the heart does the LAD supply?
Anterior wall of LV and anterior septum
Ischemia - htn - dilated cardiomyopathy - MI - restrictive cardiomyopathy
Aspirin and/or heparin - supplemental O2 - nitrates - beta blocker - ACE inhibitor - fibrinolysis or angioplasty
Infantile coarctation of the aorta PDA
29. With what virus is PDA associated?
Ventricles cannot pump
Congenital rubella
Harmartoma
Ostium secundum (90%)
30. What does rupture of a papillary muscle cause?
Mitral insufficiency
White scar fibrosis
Valve replacement once LV dysfx develops
Red border granulation tissue
31. What are the sx of cardiac myxoma?
Bicuspid aortic valve
Degree of pulmonary artery stenosis
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Pedunculated mass in the LA that causes syncope due to obstruction of MV
32. What two things cause coronary artery vasospasm?
MV prolapse LV dilation - infective endocarditis - acute rheumatic heart disease - papillary muscle rupture
RCA
Prinzmetal angina - cocaine
Troponin I
33. Friction rub and chest pain.
Fibrosis and dystrophic calcification
Prinzmetal angina - cocaine
Pericarditits
Prinzmetal stable and unstable
34. With what developmental disorder is VSD associated?
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Infantile coarctation of the aorta PDA
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Systemic venous congestion
35. When is an MI pt at greatest risk for cardiogenic shock?
Ostium primum
First 4 hours
Atria and RV
Boot shaped heart
36. Swelling and pain in a large joint that resolves within days and migrates to involve another large joint.
Within the first day
Open blocked vessels
Asymptomatic
Migratory polyarthritis
37. With what disease is transposition of the great vessels associated?
Colon cancer
Reperfusion of irreversibly damaged cells results in Ca influx - leading to hypercontraction of myofibrils
>60 years - bicuspid aortic valve
Maternal diabetes
38. What type of vegetations does nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis) cause?
Maternal diabetes
Small - sterile fibrin deposits randomly arranged on closure of valve leaflets
Tricuspid
Chest pain <20 min brought on by exertion or emotional stress
39. What does rupture of the LV free wall cause?
Cardiac tamponade
Within the first day
Myofiber hypertrophy with disarray
Open blocked vessels
40. Chest pain the arises with exertion or emotional stress and is relieved by NG or rest. The pain lasts <20 min and radiates to the left arm or jaw. There is also diaphoresis and SOB - EKG shows ST- segment depression.
Backward: dyspnea - PND - orthopnea - crackles (pulmonary congestion and edema) - heart failure cells forward: fluid retention due to decreased flow to kidneys leading to activation of RAA
Indomethacin - decreases PGE
Stable angina
ASD - R-->L
41. What are the sx of right - to - left shunt?
Rupture of capillaries leading to intraalveolar hemorrhage - sx of LHF
1 day: coag necr 1 wk: inflammation (neutrophils and macrophages) 1 mo: scar
Cyanosis - RV hypertrophy - polycythemia - clubbing
Degree of pulmonary artery stenosis
42. How do you prevent S viridans endocarditis?
ST- segment depression
Prophylactic abx during dental procedures
Myocarditis
Circumflex
43. What are the sx of PDA at birth?
Myocarditis
Asymptomatic
Infectious endocarditis
Pedunculated mass in the LA that causes syncope due to obstruction of MV
44. What is the rate of mitral valve prolapse in the US?
2-3%
VSD
Eisenmenger syndrome
Turner syndrome
45. What is Dressler syndrome? When does it occur?
Tricuspid
Autoimmune pericarditis 6-8 wks post MI
4-24 hours
Coronary artery vasospasm
46. What imaging test is useful for detecting lesions on valves?
Ostium secundum (90%)
Months out fibrosis
Transesophageal echo
Congestive heart failure
47. What are the complications that occur months after an MI?
1) migratory polyarthritis 2) pancarditis 3) subcutaneous nodules 4) erythema marginatum 5) Syndenham chorea
Aneurysm - mural thrombus - Dressler syndrome
Metastasis
Contraction band necrosis - reperfusion injury
48. What congenital heart defect presents later in life with lower extremity cyanosis?
PDA
RHF
S viridans
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
49. Turner syndrome is associated with which congenital heart defect?
Stable angina
Prinzmetal angina - cocaine
Infantile coarctation of the aorta
1 day: coag necr 1 wk: inflammation (neutrophils and macrophages) 1 mo: scar
50. Early - blowing diastolic murmur - bounding pulse - pulsating nail bed - and head bobbing.
Elevated ASO anti - DNase B titers
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Aortic regurg
Valve replacement AFTER the onset of complications