Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy in children?
Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque and complete occlusion of the coronary artery
2-3 weeks
Blood vessels coming in from normal tissue
Endocardial fibroelastosis (rare)

2. What are the clinical features of LHF due to?
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Mitral valve prolapse
Decreased forward perfusion pulmonary congestion
Increased blood in right heart delays closure of P valve

3. What type of vegetations form in nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis?
Boot shaped heart
Sterile vegetations on mitral valve along lines of closure
Streptococcus bovis/
Jugular venous distension - painful hepatosplenomegaly w/nutmeg liver - cardica cirrhosis - dependent pitting edema

4. In which chamber of the heart are cardiac myxomas found?
Mitral mitral+aortic
Open blocked vessels
LA
Nitroglycerin

5. Tender lesions on fingers or toes.
R-->L
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Osler nodes (ouch - ouch Osler)
Harmartoma

6. With what condition are rhabdomyomas associated?
VSD
Tuberous sclerosis
S aureus
Mitral valve prolapse

7. When do troponin levels rise - peak - and return to normal?
Minimizes ischemia
Maternal diabetes
2-4 hours - 24 hours - 7-10 days
Hypertophy of RV atrophy of LV

8. What type of endocarditis is associated w/metastatic cancer and wasting conditions?
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
ACE inhibitor
Heart transplant

9. What are the causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy in adults?
Atria and RV
Papillary muscle - free wall - IV septum
1 day: coag necr 1 wk: inflammation (neutrophils and macrophages) 1 mo: scar
Amyloidosis - sarcoidosis - hemochromatosis - and Loeffler syndrome

10. Infects predamaged valves after transient bacteremia?
S viridans
Htn in upper extremities - hypotn in lower extremities - notching of ribs on CXR
AD mutation in sarcomere proteins
Aortic stenosis

11. What is Dressler syndrome? When does it occur?
Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
Autoimmune pericarditis 6-8 wks post MI
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
S viridans

12. What is the major cause of MI?
Chronic rheumatic heart disease
Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque and complete occlusion of the coronary artery
Metastasis
Mitral insufficiency

13. How does dilated cardiomyopathy cause LHF?
Stretched muscle loses contractility
Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
4-24 hours
Holosystolic machine like murmur

14. What determines the extent of shunting and cyanosis in tetralogy of fallot?
Degree of pulmonary artery stenosis
First 4 hours
Slow HR - decreasing O2 demand and risk for arrhythmia
R-->L

15. How does fibrinolysis/angioplasty tx MI?
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy
Boot shaped heart
Sterile vegetations on mitral valve along lines of closure
Open blocked vessels

16. What iis the tx for aortic regurg?
LHF - left - to - right shunt - chronic lung disease (cor pulmonale)
Isolated root dilation - valve damage (infective endocarditis) - aortic root dilation (syphilitic aneurysm or aortic dissection)
Hypercoagulable state or underlying adenocarcinoma
Valve replacement once LV dysfx develops

17. What is the most common cause of infectious endocarditis?
Right -->left
Rhabdomyoma
Streptococcus viridans
Maternal diabetes

18. What is diastolic dysfx?
Endomyocardial fibrosis w/eosinophilic infiltrate and eosinophilia
Subendocardial
Streptococcus bovis/
Inability to fill ventricles

19. When do CK- MB levels rise - peak - and return to normal?
Plump fibroblasts - collagen - blood vessels
4-6 hours - 24 hours - 72 hours
Aschoff bodies
Stable angina

20. What complications occur 4-7 days post MI?
Decrease preload -->lowers myocardial stress
Open blocked vessels
Mitral and tricuspid regurg - arrhythmia
Rupture of free wall - IV septum - or papillary muscle

21. What endocarditis is commonly found in patients with colon cancer?
Constrict peripheral arterioles - increasing TPR - release aldosterone - increasing blood volume
Streptococcus bovis/
Elevated ASO anti - DNase B titers
Tuberous sclerosis

22. What causes an early - blowing diastolic murmur?
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy
Widens it diastolic pressure decreases due to regurgitation while systolic pressure increases due to increased stroke volume
Myocarditis
Aortic regurg

23. What is the most common cause of endocarditis in IV drug users?
S aureus
Yellow pallor neutrophils
Left -->right
Ostium secundum (90%)

24. How does adult coarctation of the aorta present?
Htn in upper extremities - hypotn in lower extremities - notching of ribs on CXR
White scar fibrosis
Valve replacement once LV dysfx develops
Inability to maintain systemic pressure w/lack of O2 to vital organs

25. What is the effect of acute vs chronic rheumatic disease off the mitral valve?
Left -->right
S viridans
Regurg vs stenosis
1 day: coag necr 1 wk: inflammation (neutrophils and macrophages) 1 mo: scar

26. What does nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis cause?
Widens it diastolic pressure decreases due to regurgitation while systolic pressure increases due to increased stroke volume
Mitral regurg
Red border granulation tissue
Anterior wall of LV and anterior septum

27. What causes a mid - systolic click followed by a regurgitation murmur?
Ventricle
Mitral valve prolapse
Fusion of the commissures with 'fish mouth' appearence - aortic stenosis
Louder - increased systemic resistence decreases LV emptying

28. What are the complications of aortic stenosis?
Arrhythmia - CHF - angina - syncope - microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Fibrinous pericarditis
Amyloidosis - sarcoidosis - hemochromatosis - and Loeffler syndrome
Rhadbomyoma - benign

29. What causes prinzmetal angina?
Heart transplant
When a bacterial protein resembles a protein in human tissue
1 day: coag necr 1 wk: inflammation (neutrophils and macrophages) 1 mo: scar
Coronary artery vasospasm

30. With what congenital heart defect is ADULT coarctation of the aorta associated?
ACE inhibitor
Subendocardial
Dark discoloration coagulative necrosis
Bicuspid aortic valve

31. What is the JOneS mneumonic?
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
Reversible
White scar fibrosis
Major criteria of Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever J: joint (migratory polyarthritis) O: heart (pancarditis) N: nodules (subcutaneous nodules) E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea

32. Early - blowing diastolic murmur - bounding pulse - pulsating nail bed - and head bobbing.
Wear and tear
Left -->right
Months out fibrosis
Aortic regurg

33. What type of ASD is associated w/Down syndrome?
Mitral insufficiency
Ostium primum
LAD
Dilation of all four chambers of the heart

34. What causes angina and syncope in aortic stenosis?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

35. What does rupture of the IV septum cause?
Autoimmune pericarditis 6-8 wks post MI
Cyanosis - RV hypertrophy - polycythemia - clubbing
RCA
Shunt

36. What causes heart failure cells?
Myofiber hypertrophy with disarray
R-->L
Cardiogenic shock - CHF - arrhythmia
Rupture of capillaries leading to intraalveolar hemorrhage - sx of LHF

37. Swelling and pain in a large joint that resolves within days and migrates to involve another large joint.
Turner syndrome
Dense layer of elastic and fibrotic tissue in the endocardium - children
Migratory polyarthritis
Contraction band necrosis

38. Turner syndrome is associated with which congenital heart defect?
Foci of chronic inflammation - reactive histiocytes with slender - wavy nuclei - giant cells - and fibrinoid material
Infantile coarctation of the aorta
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Dressler syndrome

39. What maintains patency of the PDA?
VSD
Squat in response to cyanotic spell
PGE
Granulation tissue

40. What is the most common congenital heart defect?
Backward LHF pulm htn and RHF - afib and associated mural thombis
Right -->left
NG or Ca channel blocker
VSD

41. What is a complication of chronic rheumatic heart disease?
Infectious endocarditis
Cyanosis - RV hypertrophy - polycythemia - clubbing
Harmartoma
Dressler syndrome

42. What causes microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in aortic stenosis?
2-3 weeks
Cardiac tamponade
RBC damaged while crossing the calcified valve causing schistocytes
Sudden cardiac death

43. Sudden death in a young athlete.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
When a bacterial protein resembles a protein in human tissue
4-7 days
Endocardial fibroelastosis

44. What type of vegetations does Strep viridans cause?
Bicuspid aortic valve
Small - nondestructive vegetations (subacute endocarditis)
Chest pain - arrhythmia - sudden death - heart failure - dilated cardiomyopathy
Mitral regurg

45. Fever - murmur - Janeway lesions - Osler nodes - splinter hemorrhages - anemia of chronic disease?
Posterior wall of LV - posterior septum - papillary muscles
Contraction band necrosis - reperfusion injury
Bacterial endocarditis
Rupture of free wall - IV septum - or papillary muscle

46. Reperfusion of irreversibly damaged cells results in Ca influx - leading to hypercontraction of myofibrils.
S epidermidis
Inability to fill ventricles
Early - blowing diastolic murmur bounding pulse - pulsating nail bed - and head bobbing
Contraction band necrosis

47. Which chambers of the heart are generally spared in an MI?
Atria and RV
Pulsating nail bed
Arrhythmia - CHF - angina - syncope - microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Ventricle

48. Are most congenital heart defects spontaneous or inherited?
Spontaneous
Prinzmetal angina
MI
Aortic regurg

49. What is typically the mechanims of sudden cardiac death?
Htn in upper extremities - hypotn in lower extremities - notching of ribs on CXR
Ventricular arrhythmia
Myocarditis
Within the first day

50. What bug causes acute rheumatic fever?
Months out fibrosis
Migratory polyarthritis
Doxorubicin - cocaine
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci