SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiac
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What maintains patency of the PDA?
Plump fibroblasts - collagen - blood vessels
CK- MB
PGE
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
2. What is systolic dysfx?
Circumflex
Prinzmetal angina
Ventricles cannot pump
Systolic ejection click followed by crescendo - decrescendo murmur
3. What effect does transposition of the great vessels have on the ventricles?
Myxoid degeneration
Cardiac tamponade
Congested central veins
Hypertophy of RV atrophy of LV
4. What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death? What are less common causes of sudden cardiac death?
stenosis of RV outflow tract - RV hypertrophy - VSD - aorta that overrides the VSD
Chronic ischemic heart disease
Acute ischemia - mitral valve prolapse - cardiomyopathy - cocaine abuse
Circumflex
5. Early - blowing diastolic murmur - bounding pulse - pulsating nail bed - and head bobbing.
Cardiogenic shock - CHF - arrhythmia
First 4 hours
Aortic regurg
Large - destructive vegetations
6. How long after pharyngitis does acute rheumatic fever occur?
MI
2-3 weeks
Anitschow cell
Months out fibrosis
7. Jugular venous distension - painful hepatosplenomegaly w/nutmeg liver - pitting edema.
Increased arterial resistence decreases shunting - allowing more blood to reach lungs
Left -->right
RHF
Shunt - PGE to maintain PDA until surgical repair can be performed
8. What gross and microscopic changes occur 1-3 weeks after an MI?
Red border granulation tissue
S aureus
Contraction band necrosis - reperfusion injury
First 4 hours
9. What % stenosis causes stable angina?
Janeway lesions
>70%
Prinzmetal angina - cocaine
ST- segment elevation
10. What imaging test is useful for detecting lesions on valves?
PDA
stenosis of RV outflow tract - RV hypertrophy - VSD - aorta that overrides the VSD
Friction rub and chest pain
Transesophageal echo
11. Which angina(s) cause subendocardial ischemia? Transmural ischemia?
Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
Pts w/previously damaged valves
Type I
Stable and unstable prinzmetal
12. What is the most common form of cardiomyopathy?
Dilated
Subendocardial
Limits thrombosis
Prinzmetal stable and unstable
13. What type of vegetations are associated with Libman - Sacks endocarditis?
Erythematous nontender lesions on palms and soles.
Hypercoagulable state or underlying adenocarcinoma
Sterile vegetations on surface and undersurface on mitral valve
Reperfusion of irreversibly damaged cells results in Ca influx - leading to hypercontraction of myofibrils
14. What are complications of dilated cardiomyopathy?
MI
Eisenmenger syndrome
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
Mitral and tricuspid regurg - arrhythmia
15. What is the most comon cause of aortic regurg? What are the other causes?
Aortic regurg
Reperfusion injury
Isolated root dilation - valve damage (infective endocarditis) - aortic root dilation (syphilitic aneurysm or aortic dissection)
White scar fibrosis
16. What does a biopsy of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy look like?
Myocarditis
Myofiber hypertrophy with disarray
LA
Ostium secundum (90%)
17. What determines the extent of shunting and cyanosis in tetralogy of fallot?
S aureus
Squat in response to cyanotic spell
Thickening of chrodae tendinae and cusps - mitral stenosis
Degree of pulmonary artery stenosis
18. What is a common complication of cardiac metastasis?
Loss of LV fx
Congenital rubella
Reversible
Pericardial effusion due to pericardial involvement
19. What drug relieves stable angina?
Small vegetations along the line of closure
Mitral regurg
Nitroglycerin
Migratory polyarthritis
20. What is the characteristic finding on CXR in tetralogy of fallot?
Systolic ejection click followed by crescendo - decrescendo murmur
Boot shaped heart
3-8 wks
Bicuspid aortic valve
21. What bug causes acute rheumatic fever?
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci
Early - blowing diastolic murmur bounding pulse - pulsating nail bed - and head bobbing
Congestive heart failure
Chest pain <20 min brought on by exertion or emotional stress
22. What are the complications of mitral stenosis?
Backward LHF pulm htn and RHF - afib and associated mural thombis
Congestive heart failure
Surgical closure small defects may close spontaneously
Anterior wall of LV and anterior septum
23. Boot - shaped heart on x- ray?
Ventricles cannot pump
Tetralogy of fallot
Ischemia - htn - dilated cardiomyopathy - MI - restrictive cardiomyopathy
Months out fibrosis
24. Fever - murmur - Janeway lesions - Osler nodes - splinter hemorrhages - anemia of chronic disease?
PDA
Mitral stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot
Bacterial endocarditis
25. Crushing chest pain lasting >20 minutes that radiates to left arm or jaw - diaphoresis - and dyspnea. Sx not relieved by NG.
MI
When a bacterial protein resembles a protein in human tissue
1-3 days
Opening snap followed by diastolic rumble
26. What is a Quincke pulse?
Systolic ejection click followed by crescendo - decrescendo murmur
ST- segment depression
1-3 days out
Pulsating nail bed
27. Which angina is relieved by Ca channel blockers?
When a bacterial protein resembles a protein in human tissue
S aureus
Endomyocardial fibrosis w/eosinophilic infiltrate and eosinophilia
Prinzmetal
28. How does aortic regurg affect the heart chambers?
Fibrosis and dystrophic calcification
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy
Congested central veins
>70%
29. What are the sx of aortic regurg?
Early - blowing diastolic murmur bounding pulse - pulsating nail bed - and head bobbing
Hypercoagulable state or underlying adenocarcinoma
CK- MB
Regurg vs stenosis
30. What distinguishes stenosis caused by chronic rheumatic heart disease from wear and tear aortic stenosis?
Ehlers - Danlow and Marfan syndrome
Asymptomatic
Coexisting mitral stenosis and fusion of commisures exist
LAD
31. Opening snap followed by diastolic rumble.
Mitral insufficiency
Acute inflammation
Small vegetations along the line of closure
Mitral stenosis
32. What vavular defect results from acute rheumatic fever?
Mitral regurgitation due to vegetations
Subendocardial
Mitral regurg
Dark discoloration coagulative necrosis
33. What effect does mitral stenosis have on the heart chambers?
Eisenmenger syndrome
Cyanosis - RV hypertrophy - polycythemia - clubbing
Major criteria of Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever J: joint (migratory polyarthritis) O: heart (pancarditis) N: nodules (subcutaneous nodules) E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea
LA dilation
34. How does hypertension cause LHF?
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
35. What are the HACEK organisms? With what condition are they associated?
Haemophilus - Actinobacillus - Cardiobacterium - Eikenella - Kingella endocarditis w/negative blood culture
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci
4-7 days
Right to left
36. What complications occur 4-7 days post MI?
ST- segment elevation
Endocarditis of prosthetic valves
Rupture of free wall - IV septum - or papillary muscle
Surgical closure small defects may close spontaneously
37. Which congenital heart defect is associated with maternal diabetes?
Transposition of the great vessels
Streptococcus bovis/
Congestive heart failure
Aschoff bodies
38. What gross and microscopic changes occur 4-24 hours after an MI?
Fever: due to bacteremia murmur: due to vegetations janeway lesions - osler nodes - and splinter hemorrhages: due to embolization of septic vegetations anemia of chronic disease: due to chronic inflammation
Amyloidosis - sarcoidosis - hemochromatosis - and Loeffler syndrome
Jugular venous distension - painful hepatosplenomegaly w/nutmeg liver - cardica cirrhosis - dependent pitting edema
Dark discoloration coagulative necrosis
39. What is the only Jones criteria that doesn't resolve with time?
Pancarditis
Doxorubicin - cocaine
Aortic regurg
Wear and tear
40. What is an Aschoff body?
Pericarditits
Foci of chronic inflammation - reactive histiocytes with slender - wavy nuclei - giant cells - and fibrinoid material
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
RBC damaged while crossing the calcified valve causing schistocytes
41. With what other congenital heart defect is tricuspid atresia associated? What type of shunt is present?
Prinzmetal angina
ASD - R-->L
Ischemia - htn - dilated cardiomyopathy - MI - restrictive cardiomyopathy
Doxorubicin - cocaine
42. What typically causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Metastasis
White scar fibrosis
Jugular venous distension - painful hepatosplenomegaly w/nutmeg liver - cardica cirrhosis - dependent pitting edema
AD mutation in sarcomere proteins
43. What is an important complication of ASD?
1 day: coag necr 1 wk: inflammation (neutrophils and macrophages) 1 mo: scar
First 4 hours
Paradoxical emboli
2-4 hours - 24 hours - 7-10 days
44. Is scar tissue or myocardium stronger?
Myocardium
Htn in upper extremities - hypotn in lower extremities - notching of ribs on CXR
White scar fibrosis
2-3 weeks
45. How does contraction band necrosis occur?
Right to left
Haemophilus - Actinobacillus - Cardiobacterium - Eikenella - Kingella endocarditis w/negative blood culture
AD mutation in sarcomere proteins
Reperfusion of irreversibly damaged cells results in Ca influx - leading to hypercontraction of myofibrils
46. What does chronic ischemic heart disease progress to?
CHF
Loss of fx
Congested central veins
Idiopathic genetic mutation (AD) - myocarditis - alcohol - drugs - pregnancy
47. What are the sx/complications of myocarditis?
IV drug users
R-->L
Chest pain - arrhythmia - sudden death - heart failure - dilated cardiomyopathy
Congestive heart failure
48. When do neutrophils infiltrate the myocardium post MI?
1-3 days
Reperfusion of irreversibly damaged cells results in Ca influx - leading to hypercontraction of myofibrils
Paradoxical emboli
Return of O2 and inflammatory cells cause FR generation - further damaging myocytes
49. When do CK- MB levels rise - peak - and return to normal?
Coronary artery vasospasm - emboli - vasculitis
4-6 hours - 24 hours - 72 hours
Streptococcus viridans
Sudden cardiac death
50. How do you tx prinzmetal angina?
VSD
NG or Ca channel blocker
Plump fibroblasts - collagen - blood vessels
Idiopathic genetic mutation (AD) - myocarditis - alcohol - drugs - pregnancy