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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiac
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What heart sound manifest with an ASD?
Split S2 on auscultation
Congestive heart failure
Yellow pallor macrophages
Prinzmetal stable and unstable
2. At What age does wear and tear aortic stenosis present? What congenital disease hastens the onset?
>60 years - bicuspid aortic valve
Bacterial endocarditis
Gelatinous - abundant ground substance
Left -->right
3. What generally causes ischemic heart disease?
Contraction band necrosis
Posterior wall of LV - posterior septum - papillary muscles
Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
Surgical closure small defects may close spontaneously
4. Which coronary artery supplies the posterior wall of the LV and posterior septum?
Decreases LV dilation by decreasing volume
RCA
4-7 days
1-3 days out
5. What is chronic rheumatic heart disease?
Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque and complete occlusion of the coronary artery
Paradoxical emboli
Valve scarring that arises as a consequence of rheumatic fever
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
6. What is typically the mechanims of sudden cardiac death?
Intercostal arteries enlarged due to collateral circulation
Months out fibrosis
Ventricular arrhythmia
Arrhythmia - CHF - angina - syncope - microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
7. When does the heart have dark discoloration post MI?
4-24 hours
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Tetralogy of fallot
Prinzmetal angina
8. Hypertension in upper extremities - hypotension in lower extremities - notching of ribs on CXR.
Fibrinous pericarditis
Transesophageal echo
ST- segment depression
Adult coarctation of the aorta
9. What is migratory polyarthritis?
LAD
Fusion of the commissures with 'fish mouth' appearence - aortic stenosis
Arthritis in a large joint (wrist - knees - ankles) that resolves within days and migrates to another large joint
Gelatinous - abundant ground substance
10. L- to - R shunt switching to R- to - L shunt.
45%
PDA
RBC damaged while crossing the calcified valve causing schistocytes
Eisenmenger syndrome
11. What gross and microscopic changes occur 4-24 hours after an MI?
Kawasaki disease
Dark discoloration coagulative necrosis
Transposition of the great vessels
Prinzmetal stable and unstable
12. What are the complications of mitral valve prolapse? Are they common?
Tricuspid
S aureus
Infectious endocarditis - arrythmias - severe mitral regurg no
Small - nondestructive vegetations (subacute endocarditis)
13. Why would cardiac enzymes continue to increase after the initial MI?
Reperfusion injury
>60 years - bicuspid aortic valve
Constrict peripheral arterioles - increasing TPR - release aldosterone - increasing blood volume
Concentric hypertrophy - can't oxygenate full wall - ischemic damage
14. What complications occur within 4 hrs post MI?
Reperfusion of irreversibly damaged cells results in Ca influx - leading to hypercontraction of myofibrils
Cardiogenic shock - CHF - arrhythmia
Prophylactic abx during dental procedures
Nitroglycerin
15. What are the causes of LHF?
PDA
Squat in response to cyanotic spell
LHF
Ischemia - htn - dilated cardiomyopathy - MI - restrictive cardiomyopathy
16. What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?
Chronic rheumatic heart disease
2-4 hours - 24 hours - 7-10 days
Bacterial endocarditis
Congenital rubella
17. Early - blowing diastolic murmur - bounding pulse - pulsating nail bed - and head bobbing.
LA dilation
Aortic regurg
Reperfusion injury
Asymptomatic
18. With what disease is transposition of the great vessels associated?
Evidence of prior group A beta - hemolytic strep plus major and minor criteria
Maternal diabetes
Ischemic heart disease
R-->L
19. What type of endocarditis is associated with SLE?
Chronic rheumatic heart disease
Reperfusion of irreversibly damaged cells results in Ca influx - leading to hypercontraction of myofibrils
PDA
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
20. With what developmental disorder is VSD associated?
Loss of LV fx
LHF
Fetal alcohol syndrome
LAD
21. What are the laboratory findings of bacterial endocarditis?
Arthritis in a large joint (wrist - knees - ankles) that resolves within days and migrates to another large joint
Positive blood cultures anemia of chronic disease
Inability to fill ventricles
Endocarditis of prosthetic valves
22. What is the 1day-1wk -1mo mneumonic for MI?
1 day: coag necr 1 wk: inflammation (neutrophils and macrophages) 1 mo: scar
RCA
Endocardial fibroelastosis
IV drug users
23. What type of shunt dose PDA cause?
Left -->right
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy
Eisenmenger syndrome
Elevated ASO anti - DNase B titers
24. What cardiac disease is associated with tuberous sclerosis?
Low voltage EKG w/diminished QRS amplitude
Heart transplant
Rhabdomyoma
Kawasaki disease
25. Episodic chest pain unrelated to exertion due to coronary vasospasm. ST- segment elevation. Relieved by NG or Ca channel blockers.
Stable angina
Prinzmetal angina
MV prolapse LV dilation - infective endocarditis - acute rheumatic heart disease - papillary muscle rupture
Nonspecific - eg fever and elevated ESR
26. What type of vegetations are associated with Libman - Sacks endocarditis?
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci
Ostium primum
Sterile vegetations on surface and undersurface on mitral valve
Posterior wall of LV - posterior septum - papillary muscles
27. What tests show prior group A beta - hemolytic strep infection?
Ostium secundum (90%)
Type I
Holosystolic blowing murmur
Elevated ASO anti - DNase B titers
28. What effect does aortic stenosis have on the chambers of the heart?
Tetralogy of fallot
Concentric LV hypertophy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Inability to maintain systemic pressure w/lack of O2 to vital organs
29. When do troponin levels rise - peak - and return to normal?
2-4 hours - 24 hours - 7-10 days
Stable angina
Dilated
Elevated ASO anti - DNase B titers
30. What is an Anitschow cell?
4-24 hours
Amyloidosis - sarcoidosis - hemochromatosis - and Loeffler syndrome
Coronary artery vasospasm - emboli - vasculitis
Reactive histiocyte with caterpillar nucleus
31. Which artery is most often occluded in an MI?
RCA
>70%
LA
LAD
32. When would arrhythmia occur after MI?
Sterile vegetations on surface and undersurface on mitral valve
Within the first day
Aschoff bodies
ASD - R-->L
33. What is the most common cause of aortic stenosis?
Coxsackie A or B
Wear and tear
Regurg vs stenosis
Mitral regurgitation due to vegetations
34. What congenital heart defect often is present with infantile coarctation of the aorta?
PDA
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
Rhabdomyoma
20 min
35. What is the definition of ischemia?
S epidermidis
Congestive heart failure
Prinzmetal angina
Decrease in blood flow to an organ
36. How does Eisenmeger syndrome occur?
Fibrinous pericarditis
Left to right shunt causes increased flow thru pulm circulation which results in hypertrophy of pulm vessels and pulm htn - increased pulm resistance results in reveral of shunt
Day 1-7
Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
37. What does granulation tissue contain?
Jugular venous distension - painful hepatosplenomegaly w/nutmeg liver - cardica cirrhosis - dependent pitting edema
Plump fibroblasts - collagen - blood vessels
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci
PDA
38. What areas of the heart does the RCA supply?
Loss of fx
Amyloidosis - sarcoidosis - hemochromatosis - and Loeffler syndrome
Posterior wall of LV - posterior septum - papillary muscles
Valve replacement once LV dysfx develops
39. What shunt does tetralogy of fallot produce?
Return of O2 and inflammatory cells cause FR generation - further damaging myocytes
Right -->left
Posterior wall of LV - posterior septum - papillary muscles
Coxsackie A or B
40. With what disease is Libman - Sacks endocarditis associated?
Foci of chronic inflammation - reactive histiocytes with slender - wavy nuclei - giant cells - and fibrinoid material
Cardiac tamponade
Small vegetations along the line of closure
SLE
41. When is a post - MI pt at highest risk for rupture of a LV structure? With what microscopic change is this complication associated?
Aspirin and/or heparin - supplemental O2 - nitrates - beta blocker - ACE inhibitor - fibrinolysis or angioplasty
Osler nodes (ouch - ouch Osler)
4-7 days macrophage infiltration
Metastasis
42. What is the JOneS mneumonic?
S aureus
First 4 hours
Major criteria of Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever J: joint (migratory polyarthritis) O: heart (pancarditis) N: nodules (subcutaneous nodules) E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea
R-->L
43. What type of vegetations does nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis) cause?
RCA
Small - sterile fibrin deposits randomly arranged on closure of valve leaflets
Mitral regurg
Mitral regurg
44. When is a post - MI pt at highest risk for Dressler syndrome? With what microscopic change is this complication associated?
Prophylactic abx during dental procedures
Months out fibrosis
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Mitral stenosis
45. What is the foundation of a scar?
Infantile coarctation of the aorta
Volume overload and LHF
When a bacterial protein resembles a protein in human tissue
Granulation tissue
46. What effect does dilated cardiomyopathy have on the heart?
Wear and tear
CK- MB
Yellow pallor neutrophils
Systolic dysfx leading to biventricular CHF
47. What is the most common congenital heart defect?
Idiopathic genetic mutation (AD) - myocarditis - alcohol - drugs - pregnancy
Eisenmenger syndrome
VSD
Type I
48. What does chronic ischemic heart disease progress to?
Mitral regurg
CHF
PGE
Stretched muscle loses contractility
49. Erythematous nontender lesions on palms and soles.
>70%
Aneurysm - mural thrombus - Dressler syndrome
Valve replacement once LV dysfx develops
Janeway lesions
50. Which coronary artery supplies the anterior wall and anterior septum?
Aspirin and/or heparin - supplemental O2 - nitrates - beta blocker - ACE inhibitor - fibrinolysis or angioplasty
Aortic stenosis
LAD
Decreased forward perfusion pulmonary congestion