Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Tx for PDA?
Metastasis
Troponin I
Kawasaki disease
Indomethacin - decreases PGE

2. What is the 1day-1wk -1mo mneumonic for MI?
Increased blood in right heart delays closure of P valve
PDA
1 day: coag necr 1 wk: inflammation (neutrophils and macrophages) 1 mo: scar
RCA

3. With what virus is PDA associated?
Sudden cardiac death
Congenital rubella
Mitral regurgitation due to vegetations
Myxoma - benign

4. What compensatory mechanism do tetralogy of fallot pts learn?
LAD
Squat in response to cyanotic spell
Boot shaped heart
Valve replacement AFTER the onset of complications

5. Ostium primum ASD is associated with what congenital disorder?
Trisomy 21
Troponin I
Coronary artery vasospasm
Valve replacement AFTER the onset of complications

6. What type of shunt does transposition of the great vessels cause?
Mitral stenosis
R-->L
Increased O2 demand during exercise but can't increase CO b/c of narrowed valve
1-3 days

7. What is a Quincke pulse?
Reperfusion injury
Infectious
Stable and unstable prinzmetal
Pulsating nail bed

8. How does MI cause LHF?
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Backward LHF pulm htn and RHF - afib and associated mural thombis
Loss of LV fx
Tricuspid

9. What is systolic dysfx?
CK- MB
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
Yellow pallor neutrophils
Ventricles cannot pump

10. How long can cardiac myocytes be deprived of oxygen before they become irreversibly injured?
20 min
Infantile coarctation of the aorta
Subendocardial
Squatting - increased systemic resistence decreases LV emptying

11. What is the most comon cause of aortic regurg? What are the other causes?
Holosystolic machine like murmur
Isolated root dilation - valve damage (infective endocarditis) - aortic root dilation (syphilitic aneurysm or aortic dissection)
Left to right shunt causes increased flow thru pulm circulation which results in hypertrophy of pulm vessels and pulm htn - increased pulm resistance results in reveral of shunt
Mid - systolic click followed by regurgitation murmur

12. What type of endocarditis is associated with SLE?
PDA
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
Coronary artery vasospasm
Doxorubicin - cocaine

13. What type of valvular vegetations does S aureus cause?
PDA
Large - destructive vegetations
Red border granulation tissue
Janeway lesions

14. When would arrhythmia occur after MI?
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
Within the first day
Slow HR - decreasing O2 demand and risk for arrhythmia
Atria and RV

15. What shunt does tetralogy of fallot produce?
LA dilation
Right -->left
Erythematous nontender lesions on palms and soles.
Coronary artery vasospasm - emboli - vasculitis

16. When do neutrophils infiltrate the myocardium post MI?
4-7 days macrophage infiltration
1-3 days
Pulsating nail bed
R-->L

17. What type of shunt results in cyanosis at birth?
MV prolapse LV dilation - infective endocarditis - acute rheumatic heart disease - papillary muscle rupture
Right to left
MI
Yellow pallor macrophages

18. What is the characteristic murmur of aortic stenosis?
PDA
Increased blood in right heart delays closure of P valve
Systolic ejection click followed by crescendo - decrescendo murmur
Mitral regurg

19. What does chronic ischemic heart disease progress to?
Heart can't fill
CHF
Minimizes ischemia
Prinzmetal

20. What congenital heart defect does indomethacin tx?
Coxsackie A or B
PDA
ASD - R-->L
Increased hydrostatic pressure

21. What effect does chronic rheumatic heart disease have the mitral valve?
Acute inflammation
Idiopathic genetic mutation (AD) - myocarditis - alcohol - drugs - pregnancy
Prinzmetal stable and unstable
Thickening of chrodae tendinae and cusps - mitral stenosis

22. What cardiac disease is associated with tuberous sclerosis?
Rupture of capillaries leading to intraalveolar hemorrhage - sx of LHF
Minimizes ischemia
Rhabdomyoma
Infantile coarctation of the aorta PDA

23. What is the basic principle of CHF?
Pump failure
Kawasaki disease
Valve replacement
Papillary muscle - free wall - IV septum

24. Poor myocardial fx due to chronic ischemic damage?
Janeway lesions
Fibrosis and dystrophic calcification
Chronic ischemic heart disease
Heart can't fill

25. When does the heart have dark discoloration post MI?
4-24 hours
Fusion of the commissures with 'fish mouth' appearence - aortic stenosis
Bacterial M protein resembles proteins in human tissue - 'molecular mimicry'
Congenital rubella

26. What causes mitral valve prolapse?
Ostium primum
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy
Myxoid degeneration
Aneurysm - mural thrombus - Dressler syndrome

27. What are the two effects of ATII?
Rhabdomyoma
Constrict peripheral arterioles - increasing TPR - release aldosterone - increasing blood volume
Concentric hypertrophy - can't oxygenate full wall - ischemic damage
R-->L

28. In which chamber of the heart are rhabdomyomas found?
Ventricle
Systolic ejection click followed by crescendo - decrescendo murmur
PDA
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy

29. What is Loeffler syndrome?
Colon cancer
PDA
Contraction band necrosis - reperfusion injury
Endomyocardial fibrosis w/eosinophilic infiltrate and eosinophilia

30. What are the sx of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Myocarditis
Squatting - expiration
Decreased CO due to diastolic dysfx - syncope w/exercise - sudden death due to vfib
Myxoid degeneration

31. How does aortic regurg affect the heart chambers?
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy
Endomyocardial fibrosis w/eosinophilic infiltrate and eosinophilia
Endocarditis of prosthetic valves
Chronic rheumatic heart disease

32. What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death? What are less common causes of sudden cardiac death?
Acute ischemia - mitral valve prolapse - cardiomyopathy - cocaine abuse
Maternal diabetes
R-->L
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

33. In transposition of the great vessels - What is required for survival? How is this achieved?
Valve replacement once LV dysfx develops
VSD
Shunt - PGE to maintain PDA until surgical repair can be performed
Slow HR - decreasing O2 demand and risk for arrhythmia

34. What bug causes acute rheumatic fever?
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci
Bicuspid aortic valve
RCA
Eisenmenger syndrome

35. What is diastolic dysfx?
Yellow pallor macrophages
Paradoxical emboli
Inability to fill ventricles
Loeffler syndrome

36. Unexpected death due to cardiac disease w/o sx or <1hr after sx arise?
Troponin I
RBC damaged while crossing the calcified valve causing schistocytes
Sudden cardiac death
Small - sterile fibrin deposits randomly arranged on closure of valve leaflets

37. What is the leading cause of death in the US?
Ischemic heart disease
Pts w/previously damaged valves
Systolic ejection click followed by crescendo - decrescendo murmur
Opening snap followed by diastolic rumble

38. At what point in development do congenital heart defects arise?
Myxoid degeneration
2-3 weeks
3-8 wks
Endomyocardial fibrosis w/eosinophilic infiltrate and eosinophilia

39. What causes the dependent pitting edema in RHF?
Infectious endocarditis
LA dilation
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Volume overload and LHF

40. What is eythema marginatum? What parts of the body does it commonly involve?
Sudden cardiac death
Annular - non pruritic rash w/erythematous borders trunks and limbs
Rhadbomyoma - benign
Pump failure

41. What congenital heart defect often is present with infantile coarctation of the aorta?
Loeffler syndrome
3-8 wks
PDA
Left -->right

42. How does restrictive cardiomyopathy cause LHF?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

43. Large vegetations on tricuspid valve?
Mitral mitral+aortic
Paradoxical emboli
S aureus
Inability to maintain systemic pressure w/lack of O2 to vital organs

44. What generally causes ischemic heart disease?
Granulation tissue
Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy
ST- segment depression

45. What are other (not atherosclerotic) causes of MI?
Reperfusion of irreversibly damaged cells results in Ca influx - leading to hypercontraction of myofibrils
Streptococcus viridans
Coronary artery vasospasm - emboli - vasculitis
Pulsating nail bed

46. How long after pharyngitis does acute rheumatic fever occur?
Increased hydrostatic pressure
2-3 weeks
Coronary artery vasospasm - emboli - vasculitis
Arthritis in a large joint (wrist - knees - ankles) that resolves within days and migrates to another large joint

47. What is the most common tumor of the heart?
Transesophageal echo
Mitral insufficiency
Metastasis
Hemosiderin laden macrophages

48. What are the HACEK organisms? With what condition are they associated?
Infectious
Haemophilus - Actinobacillus - Cardiobacterium - Eikenella - Kingella endocarditis w/negative blood culture
stenosis of RV outflow tract - RV hypertrophy - VSD - aorta that overrides the VSD
Widens it diastolic pressure decreases due to regurgitation while systolic pressure increases due to increased stroke volume

49. What gross and microscopic changes occur 1-3 days after an MI?
Reversible
Yellow pallor neutrophils
Tender lesions on fingers or toes.
45%

50. What increases the risk for chronic rheumatic heart disease?
Osler nodes (ouch - ouch Osler)
Elevated ASO anti - DNase B titers
Repeat exposure to group A beta - hemolytic strep that results in relapse of the acute phase
S aureus