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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiac
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What coronary artery supplies the mitral valve papillary muscles?
Htn in upper extremities - hypotn in lower extremities - notching of ribs on CXR
Stretched muscle loses contractility
RCA
Trisomy 21
2. With what condition are rhabdomyomas associated?
Bacterial endocarditis
Prinzmetal angina
Tuberous sclerosis
Increased hydrostatic pressure
3. What is a Quincke pulse?
Surgical closure small defects may close spontaneously
Kawasaki disease
Membrane damage
Pulsating nail bed
4. Crushing chest pain lasting >20 minutes that radiates to left arm or jaw - diaphoresis - and dyspnea. Sx not relieved by NG.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Dilated
Paradoxical emboli
MI
5. Foci of chronic inflammation - reactive histiocytes with slender - wavy nuclei - giant cells - and fibrinoid material.
Aschoff bodies
PGE
Colon cancer
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci
6. What gross and microscopic changes occur 1-3 days after an MI?
Squat in response to cyanotic spell
Yellow pallor neutrophils
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci
Breast and lung carcinoma - melanoma - lymphoma
7. Lower extremity cyanosis later in life - holostystolic machine like murmur.
Harmartoma
PDA
Coexisting mitral stenosis and fusion of commisures exist
Adult coarctation of the aorta
8. What is the basic principle of CHF?
Coronary artery vasospasm
Pump failure
Trisomy 21
Mitral mitral+aortic
9. Hypertension in upper extremities - hypotension in lower extremities - notching of ribs on CXR.
Split S2 on auscultation
Contraction band necrosis
Membrane damage
Adult coarctation of the aorta
10. What is the definition of ischemia?
Decrease in blood flow to an organ
Blood vessels coming in from normal tissue
Transposition of the great vessels
Right -->left
11. In what pt population does S aureus commonly cause valvular disease?
Cardiogenic shock - CHF - arrhythmia
Infectious endocarditis - arrythmias - severe mitral regurg no
Myxoid degeneration
IV drug users
12. What two things happen when a blocked vessel is opened after an MI?
Nitroglycerin
Contraction band necrosis - reperfusion injury
Loeffler syndrome
Fibrinous pericarditis
13. What type of tumor is a rhabdomyoma?
Myocarditis in acute rheumatic heart fever
Congestive heart failure
Harmartoma
Increased O2 demand during exercise but can't increase CO b/c of narrowed valve
14. How long can cardiac myocytes be deprived of oxygen before they become irreversibly injured?
Fever: due to bacteremia murmur: due to vegetations janeway lesions - osler nodes - and splinter hemorrhages: due to embolization of septic vegetations anemia of chronic disease: due to chronic inflammation
20 min
Migratory polyarthritis
>70%
15. What are the sx of right - to - left shunt?
Cyanosis - RV hypertrophy - polycythemia - clubbing
Loss of fx
Coxsackie A or B
Mitral regurg
16. How does aortic regurg affect the heart chambers?
Mitral regurg
MI
Day 1-7
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy
17. What characterizes acute rheumatic fever endocarditiis?
Small vegetations along the line of closure
Nonspecific - eg fever and elevated ESR
Annular - non pruritic rash w/erythematous borders trunks and limbs
Systemic venous congestion
18. What endocarditis is commonly found in patients with colon cancer?
Rupture of capillaries leading to intraalveolar hemorrhage - sx of LHF
Streptococcus bovis/
Type I
2-3 weeks
19. What valves are most commonly involved in chronic rheumatic heart disease?
Dilated
Rhadbomyoma - benign
20 min
Mitral mitral+aortic
20. What iis the tx for aortic regurg?
Valve replacement once LV dysfx develops
Janeway lesions
Decreased forward perfusion pulmonary congestion
PGE
21. What is the tx for VSD?
Surgical closure small defects may close spontaneously
ASD - R-->L
Prinzmetal angina - cocaine
Limits thrombosis
22. What causes a mid - systolic click followed by a regurgitation murmur?
Coxsackie A or B
Right to left
Mitral valve prolapse
Prinzmetal
23. In which pts does S viridans cause endocarditits?
Decreased CO due to diastolic dysfx - syncope w/exercise - sudden death due to vfib
Endomyocardial fibrosis w/eosinophilic infiltrate and eosinophilia
Pts w/previously damaged valves
Atria and RV
24. What % of MIs involve the LAD?
Pancarditis
45%
Plump fibroblasts - collagen - blood vessels
R-->L
25. When is a post - MI pt at highest risk for Dressler syndrome? With what microscopic change is this complication associated?
RCA
Decrease in blood flow to an organ
Months out fibrosis
Pericardial effusion due to pericardial involvement
26. When does the heart have dark discoloration post MI?
Right to left
Slow HR - decreasing O2 demand and risk for arrhythmia
1-3 days
4-24 hours
27. Vegetations on surface and undersurface of mitral valve.
Dense layer of elastic and fibrotic tissue in the endocardium - children
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
Tricuspid
PDA
28. How does contraction band necrosis occur?
Mitral insufficiency
Pancarditis
Congested central veins
Reperfusion of irreversibly damaged cells results in Ca influx - leading to hypercontraction of myofibrils
29. What is the most common congenital heart defect?
ACE inhibitor
VSD
>60 years - bicuspid aortic valve
Dilated
30. What is the effect of acute vs chronic rheumatic disease off the mitral valve?
Streptococcus viridans
Regurg vs stenosis
Loss of LV fx
Aschoff bodies
31. What is the most common valve infected by S aureus?
ST- segment depression
Prinzmetal angina - cocaine
First 4 hours
Tricuspid
32. What is an Anitschow cell?
Tuberous sclerosis
Reactive histiocyte with caterpillar nucleus
Elevated ASO anti - DNase B titers
Isolated root dilation - valve damage (infective endocarditis) - aortic root dilation (syphilitic aneurysm or aortic dissection)
33. What is systolic dysfx?
3-8 wks
Ventricles cannot pump
Right -->left
Concentric LV hypertophy
34. What imaging test is useful for detecting lesions on valves?
Shunt
Transesophageal echo
Metastasis
RCA
35. Turner syndrome is associated with which congenital heart defect?
Acute inflammation
Infantile coarctation of the aorta
Hypertophy of RV atrophy of LV
ASD - R-->L
36. What are the sx of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Coronary artery vasospasm
PDA
Mitral valve prolapse
Decreased CO due to diastolic dysfx - syncope w/exercise - sudden death due to vfib
37. Which artery is most often occluded in an MI?
Valve replacement once LV dysfx develops
Chronic ischemic heart disease
LAD
Ischemia - htn - dilated cardiomyopathy - MI - restrictive cardiomyopathy
38. When is a post - MI pt at highest risk for rupture of a LV structure? With what microscopic change is this complication associated?
Nitroglycerin
Bounding pulse
Within the first day
4-7 days macrophage infiltration
39. What is an important complication of ASD?
Osler nodes (ouch - ouch Osler)
Squatting - increased systemic resistence decreases LV emptying
S viridans
Paradoxical emboli
40. What coronary arterysupplies the lateral wall of the LV?
Coronary artery vasospasm - emboli - vasculitis
ST- segment depression
Circumflex
Yellow pallor neutrophils
41. What is the most common primary cardiac tumor in children? Is it malignant or benign?
20 min
Rhadbomyoma - benign
Ventricles cannot pump
Decreased CO due to diastolic dysfx - syncope w/exercise - sudden death due to vfib
42. How do beta blockers tx MI?
SLE
Slow HR - decreasing O2 demand and risk for arrhythmia
Granulation tissue
2-3%
43. What is the tx for dilated cardiomyopathy?
Congested central veins
Heart transplant
Wear and tear
Pancarditis
44. What congenital heart defect does indomethacin tx?
Idiopathic genetic mutation (AD) - myocarditis - alcohol - drugs - pregnancy
PDA
Decreased forward perfusion pulmonary congestion
Large vegetations of S aureus
45. What is the most common cause of death during the acute phase of rheumatic fever?
Bicuspid aortic valve
Friction rub and chest pain
IV drug users
Myocarditis
46. What are the major criteria of the Jones criteria?
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
Endocarditis of prosthetic valves
LA dilation
1) migratory polyarthritis 2) pancarditis 3) subcutaneous nodules 4) erythema marginatum 5) Syndenham chorea
47. How does transmural MI/ischemia present on EKG?
ST- segment elevation
Reactive histiocyte with caterpillar nucleus
MV prolapse LV dilation - infective endocarditis - acute rheumatic heart disease - papillary muscle rupture
Bicuspid aortic valve
48. What does nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis cause?
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Day 1-7
1-3 days out
Mitral regurg
49. What increases the volume of mitral regurg murmur?
Membrane damage
Prinzmetal angina - cocaine
Squatting - expiration
R-->L
50. What does chronic ischemic heart disease progress to?
Amyloidosis - sarcoidosis - hemochromatosis - and Loeffler syndrome
Hypercoagulable state or underlying adenocarcinoma
Infectious endocarditis - arrythmias - severe mitral regurg no
CHF