Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the causes of LHF?
Squatting - expiration
Wear and tear
Hypercoagulable state or underlying adenocarcinoma
Ischemia - htn - dilated cardiomyopathy - MI - restrictive cardiomyopathy

2. How does ischemia cause LHF?
Myxoid degeneration
Day 1-7
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Loss of fx

3. Which angina(s) show ST elevation on EKG? ST depression?
Aneurysm - mural thrombus - Dressler syndrome
Intercostal arteries enlarged due to collateral circulation
Prinzmetal stable and unstable
PDA

4. What causes prinzmetal angina?
Coronary artery vasospasm
Major criteria of Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever J: joint (migratory polyarthritis) O: heart (pancarditis) N: nodules (subcutaneous nodules) E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea
Troponin I
Reversible

5. How long after pharyngitis does acute rheumatic fever occur?
RCA
2-3%
2-3 weeks
Ostium primum

6. When is a post - MI pt at highest risk for a mural thrombus? With what microscopic change is this complication associated?
Mitral regurg
Osler nodes (ouch - ouch Osler)
Months out fibrosis
Sterile vegetations on mitral valve along lines of closure

7. How does hypertension cause LHF?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

8. What effect does chronic rheumatic heart disease have the mitral valve?
Thickening of chrodae tendinae and cusps - mitral stenosis
Trisomy 21
Infantile coarctation of the aorta PDA
CK- MB

9. What causes heart failure cells?
Concentric LV hypertophy
R-->L
Rupture of capillaries leading to intraalveolar hemorrhage - sx of LHF
Amyloidosis - sarcoidosis - hemochromatosis - and Loeffler syndrome

10. Myofiber hypertrophy with disarray.
Plump fibroblasts - collagen - blood vessels
Heart transplant
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Atria and RV

11. Why are cardiac enzymes elevated after an MI?
Nitroglycerin
Decreases LV dilation by decreasing volume
Infectious
Membrane damage

12. What valves are involved in rhuematic endocarditis?
Split S2 on auscultation
Holosystolic machine like murmur
Infectious
Mitral mitral+aortic

13. What are the two effects of ATII?
Prophylactic abx during dental procedures
Constrict peripheral arterioles - increasing TPR - release aldosterone - increasing blood volume
3-8 wks
Tricuspid

14. What disesase has Aschoff bodies?
RCA
Congested central veins
Cardiac tamponade
Myocarditis in acute rheumatic heart fever

15. What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death? What are less common causes of sudden cardiac death?
Autoimmune pericarditis 6-8 wks post MI
Increased arterial resistence decreases shunting - allowing more blood to reach lungs
Aneurysm - mural thrombus - Dressler syndrome
Acute ischemia - mitral valve prolapse - cardiomyopathy - cocaine abuse

16. With what disease is Libman - Sacks endocarditis associated?
SLE
Circumflex
Small - sterile fibrin deposits randomly arranged on closure of valve leaflets
Endocarditis of prosthetic valves

17. What is the foundation of a scar?
ST- segment depression
Granulation tissue
Squatting - increased systemic resistence decreases LV emptying
Mitral regurg

18. What % of MIs involve the LAD?
RCA
PDA
45%
L->R

19. With what disease is transposition of the great vessels associated?
Endocarditis of prosthetic valves
Janeway lesions
Increased blood in right heart delays closure of P valve
Maternal diabetes

20. What effect does squatting have on the murmur of mitral valve prolapse? Why?
Fibrosis and dystrophic calcification
LAD
Squat in response to cyanotic spell
Louder - increased systemic resistence decreases LV emptying

21. What complication occurs 1-3 days post MI?
Turner syndrome
Intercostal arteries enlarged due to collateral circulation
Fibrinous pericarditis
Increased blood in right heart delays closure of P valve

22. What are the cancers that most commonly metastasize to the heart?
Streptococcus bovis/
Autoimmune pericarditis 6-8 wks post MI
Breast and lung carcinoma - melanoma - lymphoma
Red border granulation tissue

23. Tx for PDA?
Indomethacin - decreases PGE
Right side - serotonin and other secretory products detoxified in the lung
Infantile coarctation of the aorta
Minimizes ischemia

24. What is the tx for dilated cardiomyopathy?
Coronary artery vasospasm - emboli - vasculitis
Heart transplant
RCA
Widens it diastolic pressure decreases due to regurgitation while systolic pressure increases due to increased stroke volume

25. When do macrophagess infiltrate the myocardium post MI?
Tender lesions on fingers or toes.
Infectious
Limits thrombosis
4-7 days

26. What is the effect of acute vs chronic rheumatic disease off the mitral valve?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Regurg vs stenosis
Surgical closure small defects may close spontaneously
Reperfusion injury

27. What is Loeffler syndrome?
Nitroglycerin
Endomyocardial fibrosis w/eosinophilic infiltrate and eosinophilia
Mitral mitral+aortic
Cyanosis - RV hypertrophy - polycythemia - clubbing

28. What is the basic principle of CHF?
Pump failure
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Stable and unstable prinzmetal
Streptococcus viridans

29. What causes the split S2 in ASD?
Increased blood in right heart delays closure of P valve
LA dilation
RBC damaged while crossing the calcified valve causing schistocytes
LHF - left - to - right shunt - chronic lung disease (cor pulmonale)

30. What typically causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Infectious
Streptococcus viridans
Small vegetations along the line of closure
AD mutation in sarcomere proteins

31. What characterizes acute rheumatic fever endocarditiis?
Small vegetations along the line of closure
1-3 days out
Holosystolic blowing murmur
VSD

32. Lower extremity cyanosis in infants? In adults?
Infantile coarctation of the aorta PDA
Mitral regurgitation due to vegetations
ACE inhibitor
Myxoma - benign

33. What are the clinical features of LHF due to?
Decreased forward perfusion pulmonary congestion
Cyanosis - RV hypertrophy - polycythemia - clubbing
Decreases LV dilation by decreasing volume
Reversible

34. What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?
Chronic rheumatic heart disease
Right side - serotonin and other secretory products detoxified in the lung
Cardiac tamponade
Dense layer of elastic and fibrotic tissue in the endocardium - children

35. What type of vegetations form in nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis?
Heart can't fill
Sterile vegetations on mitral valve along lines of closure
Paradoxical emboli
ACE inhibitor

36. What gross and microscopic changes occur 1-3 days after an MI?
Amyloidosis - sarcoidosis - hemochromatosis - and Loeffler syndrome
Mitral regurgitation due to vegetations
Yellow pallor neutrophils
Maternal diabetes

37. What effect does chronic rheumatic heart disease have on the aortic valve?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

38. What increases the volume of mitral regurg murmur?
Surgical closure small defects may close spontaneously
Ventricles cannot pump
Squatting - expiration
Papillary muscle - free wall - IV septum

39. What is cardiogenic shock?
Inability to maintain systemic pressure w/lack of O2 to vital organs
S aureus
Backward LHF pulm htn and RHF - afib and associated mural thombis
Major criteria of Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever J: joint (migratory polyarthritis) O: heart (pancarditis) N: nodules (subcutaneous nodules) E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea

40. What genetic conditions predispose a pt to mitral valve prolapse?
Ehlers - Danlow and Marfan syndrome
LAD
Breast and lung carcinoma - melanoma - lymphoma
LA

41. How does restrictive cardiomyopathy present?
Prinzmetal angina - cocaine
PDA
Congestive heart failure
Coronary artery vasospasm - emboli - vasculitis

42. With what endocarditis is S epidermidis associated?
Endocarditis of prosthetic valves
Breast and lung carcinoma - melanoma - lymphoma
ASD - R-->L
Mitral mitral+aortic

43. What type of endocarditis is associated with SLE?
Pts w/previously damaged valves
LHF
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
Decrease in blood flow to an organ

44. Tender lesions on fingers or toes.
Heart transplant
Streptococcus bovis/
Osler nodes (ouch - ouch Osler)
Yellow pallor macrophages

45. What are the sx of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
2-4 hours - 24 hours - 7-10 days
Decreased CO due to diastolic dysfx - syncope w/exercise - sudden death due to vfib
Bicuspid aortic valve
Streptococcus bovis/

46. What is the cause of the red border around granulation tissue?
Cyanosis - RV hypertrophy - polycythemia - clubbing
LAD
Decreases LV dilation by decreasing volume
Blood vessels coming in from normal tissue

47. What type of vegetations does Strep viridans cause?
MV prolapse LV dilation - infective endocarditis - acute rheumatic heart disease - papillary muscle rupture
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Small - nondestructive vegetations (subacute endocarditis)
Pericarditits

48. Turner syndrome is associated with which congenital heart defect?
Pulsating nail bed
Jugular venous distension - painful hepatosplenomegaly w/nutmeg liver - cardica cirrhosis - dependent pitting edema
Atria and RV
Infantile coarctation of the aorta

49. Holosystolic blowing murmur that increases w/expiration?
Erythematous nontender lesions on palms and soles.
Mitral regurg
stenosis of RV outflow tract - RV hypertrophy - VSD - aorta that overrides the VSD
45%

50. What is the major cause of MI?
Pts w/previously damaged valves
Prinzmetal
Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque and complete occlusion of the coronary artery
Prinzmetal stable and unstable