Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Dense layer of elastic and fibrotic tissue in the endocardium.
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Erythematous nontender lesions on palms and soles.
Migratory polyarthritis
LHF

2. What is the most common primary cardiac tumor in children? Is it malignant or benign?
Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
Rhadbomyoma - benign
Surgical closure small defects may close spontaneously
Right -->left

3. What effect does squatting have on the murmur of mitral valve prolapse? Why?
Rupture of capillaries leading to intraalveolar hemorrhage - sx of LHF
Louder - increased systemic resistence decreases LV emptying
4-7 days
Small - nondestructive vegetations (subacute endocarditis)

4. What is the most common cause of myocarditis?
Minimizes ischemia
Inability to maintain systemic pressure w/lack of O2 to vital organs
Rhabdomyoma
Coxsackie A or B

5. How does subendocardial MI/ischemia present on EKG?
Coronary artery vasospasm
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
ST- segment depression
>70%

6. How do nitrates tx MI?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Circumflex
3-8 wks
Decrease preload -->lowers myocardial stress

7. What are the sx of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Decreased CO due to diastolic dysfx - syncope w/exercise - sudden death due to vfib
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci
Loss of LV fx
Nonspecific - eg fever and elevated ESR

8. What congenital heart defect often is present with infantile coarctation of the aorta?
PDA
Contraction band necrosis
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
Gelatinous - abundant ground substance

9. What % of MIs involve the LAD?
45%
Yellow pallor macrophages
Ehlers - Danlow and Marfan syndrome
Subendocardial

10. What is the most common cause of infectious endocarditis?
Streptococcus viridans
Reperfusion injury
1) damaged endocardial surface develops thrombotic vegetations 2) transient bacteremia leads to trapping of bacteria in the vegetations
Within the first day

11. Low voltage EKG w/diminished QRS amplitude.
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Dressler syndrome
Cardiac tamponade
Valve replacement AFTER the onset of complications

12. What is typically the mechanims of sudden cardiac death?
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Ventricular arrhythmia
Prinzmetal angina - cocaine
Dark discoloration coagulative necrosis

13. What does rupture of the IV septum cause?
Decreased forward perfusion pulmonary congestion
Shunt
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
Decreases LV dilation by decreasing volume

14. What causes unstable angina?
Coronary artery vasospasm - emboli - vasculitis
Rupture of plaque with w/thrombus and incomplete occlusion of coronary artery
Mitral mitral+aortic
1-3 days out

15. Chest pain the arises with exertion or emotional stress and is relieved by NG or rest. The pain lasts <20 min and radiates to the left arm or jaw. There is also diaphoresis and SOB - EKG shows ST- segment depression.
Stable angina
Stretched muscle loses contractility
Congestive heart failure
Chronic rheumatic heart disease

16. Infects predamaged valves after transient bacteremia?
Right to left
S viridans
PDA
stenosis of RV outflow tract - RV hypertrophy - VSD - aorta that overrides the VSD

17. What is the most common type of ASD? What %?
Intercostal arteries enlarged due to collateral circulation
Ostium secundum (90%)
Reperfusion of irreversibly damaged cells results in Ca influx - leading to hypercontraction of myofibrils
Prinzmetal angina

18. When is an MI patent at highest risk for fibrionous pericarditis?
Isolated root dilation - valve damage (infective endocarditis) - aortic root dilation (syphilitic aneurysm or aortic dissection)
Myxoid degeneration
1 day: coag necr 1 wk: inflammation (neutrophils and macrophages) 1 mo: scar
1-3 days out

19. What is the gold standard blood marker for MI?
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy
Major criteria of Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever J: joint (migratory polyarthritis) O: heart (pancarditis) N: nodules (subcutaneous nodules) E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea
Streptococcus bovis/
Troponin I

20. What causes microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in aortic stenosis?
Sudden cardiac death
Opening snap followed by diastolic rumble
RBC damaged while crossing the calcified valve causing schistocytes
Within the first day

21. Friction rub and chest pain.
Valve replacement AFTER the onset of complications
White scar fibrosis
Pericarditits
ST- segment elevation

22. What % stenosis causes stable angina?
LAD
Coxsackie A or B
Small - nondestructive vegetations (subacute endocarditis)
>70%

23. What is the definition of ischemia?
Pancarditis
Myocarditis
Decrease in blood flow to an organ
Valve replacement AFTER the onset of complications

24. What causes the split S2 in ASD?
Doxorubicin - cocaine
Prophylactic abx during dental procedures
Increased blood in right heart delays closure of P valve
CK- MB

25. What genetic conditions predispose a pt to mitral valve prolapse?
Small - nondestructive vegetations (subacute endocarditis)
Ehlers - Danlow and Marfan syndrome
Anitschow cell
Myocarditis

26. How does aortic regurg affect the heart chambers?
1 day: coag necr 1 wk: inflammation (neutrophils and macrophages) 1 mo: scar
Endocardial fibroelastosis (rare)
Mitral regurg
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy

27. What effect does mitral stenosis have on the heart chambers?
Adult coarctation of the aorta
Systolic ejection click followed by crescendo - decrescendo murmur
Endocarditis of prosthetic valves
LA dilation

28. Are most congenital heart defects spontaneous or inherited?
Spontaneous
RCA
RCA
Mitral regurg

29. What generally causes ischemic heart disease?
Eisenmenger syndrome
Day 1-7
Early - blowing diastolic murmur bounding pulse - pulsating nail bed - and head bobbing
Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries

30. What makes the MV prolapse murmur louder? Why?
Myocarditis in acute rheumatic heart fever
Blood vessels coming in from normal tissue
Squatting - increased systemic resistence decreases LV emptying
Pts w/previously damaged valves

31. What complications occur 4-7 days post MI?
1) damaged endocardial surface develops thrombotic vegetations 2) transient bacteremia leads to trapping of bacteria in the vegetations
4-7 days
Systolic dysfx leading to biventricular CHF
Rupture of free wall - IV septum - or papillary muscle

32. What is the major cause of MI?
RBC damaged while crossing the calcified valve causing schistocytes
Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque and complete occlusion of the coronary artery
PGE
Libman - Sacks endocarditis

33. What is the 1day-1wk -1mo mneumonic for MI?
1 day: coag necr 1 wk: inflammation (neutrophils and macrophages) 1 mo: scar
Stable angina
stenosis of RV outflow tract - RV hypertrophy - VSD - aorta that overrides the VSD
1-3 days

34. What is dilated cardiomyopathy?
2-3%
Dilation of all four chambers of the heart
Idiopathic genetic mutation (AD) - myocarditis - alcohol - drugs - pregnancy
Valve scarring that arises as a consequence of rheumatic fever

35. In what pt population does S aureus commonly cause valvular disease?
Foci of chronic inflammation - reactive histiocytes with slender - wavy nuclei - giant cells - and fibrinoid material
Minimizes ischemia
IV drug users
4-7 days macrophage infiltration

36. What are the tx for MI?
Pericarditits
Aspirin and/or heparin - supplemental O2 - nitrates - beta blocker - ACE inhibitor - fibrinolysis or angioplasty
PGE
ST- segment depression

37. Which artery is most often occluded in an MI?
Degree of pulmonary artery stenosis
Ventricle
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
LAD

38. Reperfusion of irreversibly damaged cells results in Ca influx - leading to hypercontraction of myofibrils.
Contraction band necrosis
Granulation tissue
Rupture of free wall - IV septum - or papillary muscle
PDA

39. What is the gross and microscopic appearance of cardiac myxomas?
Gelatinous - abundant ground substance
When a bacterial protein resembles a protein in human tissue
Congestive heart failure
Increased O2 demand during exercise but can't increase CO b/c of narrowed valve

40. What are the laboratory findings of bacterial endocarditis?
1%
Positive blood cultures anemia of chronic disease
Infectious
PDA

41. What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death? What are less common causes of sudden cardiac death?
Decrease in blood flow to an organ
Acute ischemia - mitral valve prolapse - cardiomyopathy - cocaine abuse
Ventricles cannot pump
VSD

42. What are Janeway lesions?
Large - destructive vegetations
Arrhythmia - CHF - angina - syncope - microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Left to right shunt causes increased flow thru pulm circulation which results in hypertrophy of pulm vessels and pulm htn - increased pulm resistance results in reveral of shunt
Erythematous nontender lesions on palms and soles.

43. What disesase has Aschoff bodies?
Myocarditis in acute rheumatic heart fever
Chest pain - arrhythmia - sudden death - heart failure - dilated cardiomyopathy
Increased O2 demand during exercise but can't increase CO b/c of narrowed valve
Backward LHF pulm htn and RHF - afib and associated mural thombis

44. What is the most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy? What are other causes?
Heart transplant
Backward: dyspnea - PND - orthopnea - crackles (pulmonary congestion and edema) - heart failure cells forward: fluid retention due to decreased flow to kidneys leading to activation of RAA
Holosystolic machine like murmur
Idiopathic genetic mutation (AD) - myocarditis - alcohol - drugs - pregnancy

45. When is a post - MI pt at highest risk for a mural thrombus? With what microscopic change is this complication associated?
Rupture of capillaries leading to intraalveolar hemorrhage - sx of LHF
Cardiogenic shock - CHF - arrhythmia
2-4 hours - 24 hours - 7-10 days
Months out fibrosis

46. What conditions can cause nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis?
Posterior wall of LV - posterior septum - papillary muscles
Myocarditis
Hypercoagulable state or underlying adenocarcinoma
Mitral insufficiency

47. With what disease is Libman - Sacks endocarditis associated?
Bacterial M protein resembles proteins in human tissue - 'molecular mimicry'
SLE
RHF
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci

48. What causes angina and syncope in aortic stenosis?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

49. What congenital heart defect does indomethacin tx?
Ostium secundum (90%)
Circumflex
Osler nodes (ouch - ouch Osler)
PDA

50. How does restrictive cardiomyopathy cause LHF?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Major Subjects
Tests & Exams AP CLEP DSST GRE SAT GMAT	Certifications CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/ PMP ITIL RHCE MCTS More...	IT Skills Android Programming Data Modeling Objective C Programming Basic Python Programming Adobe Illustrator More...	Business Skills Advertising Techniques Business Accounting Basics Business Strategy Human Resource Management Marketing Basics More...
Soft Skills Body Language People Skills Public Speaking Persuasion Job Hunting And Resumes More...	Vocabulary GRE Vocab SAT Vocab TOEFL Essential Vocab Basic English Words For All Global Words You Should Know Business English More...	Languages AP German Vocab AP Latin Vocab SAT Subject Test: French Italian Survival Norwegian Survival More...	Engineering Audio Engineering Computer Science Engineering Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering Structural Engineering More...
Health Sciences Basic Nursing Skills Health Science Language Fundamentals Veterinary Technology Medical Language Cardiology Clinical Surgery More...	English Grammar Fundamentals Literary And Rhetorical Vocab Elements Of Style Vocab Introduction To English Major Complete Advanced Sentences Literature Homonyms More...	Math Algebra Formulas Basic Arithmetic: Measurements Metric Conversions Geometric Properties Important Math Facts Number Sense Vocab Business Math More...	Other Major Subjects Science Economics History Law Performing-arts Cooking Logic & Reasoning Trivia

Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Let me suggest you:

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests

Major Subjects

Tests & Exams

Certifications

IT Skills

Business Skills

Soft Skills

Vocabulary

Languages

Engineering

Health Sciences

English

Math

Other Major Subjects

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests