SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiac
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the most common cause of aortic stenosis?
LAD
2-3%
Wear and tear
Large - destructive vegetations
2. What are the sx of aortic regurg?
Stable and unstable prinzmetal
Valve replacement AFTER the onset of complications
Early - blowing diastolic murmur bounding pulse - pulsating nail bed - and head bobbing
Shunt
3. What are heart failure cells?
Type I
Infectious endocarditis
Hemosiderin laden macrophages
Haemophilus - Actinobacillus - Cardiobacterium - Eikenella - Kingella endocarditis w/negative blood culture
4. What % stenosis causes stable angina?
Months out fibrosis
Myocarditis
>70%
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
5. Swelling and pain in a large joint that resolves within days and migrates to involve another large joint.
Backward: dyspnea - PND - orthopnea - crackles (pulmonary congestion and edema) - heart failure cells forward: fluid retention due to decreased flow to kidneys leading to activation of RAA
Migratory polyarthritis
Fetal alcohol syndrome
LA
6. What is the most common type of ASD? What %?
Ostium secundum (90%)
Mitral mitral+aortic
LA
Troponin I
7. What makes the MV prolapse murmur louder? Why?
LA
Acute inflammation
Squatting - increased systemic resistence decreases LV emptying
Myxoid degeneration
8. Chest pain the arises with exertion or emotional stress and is relieved by NG or rest. The pain lasts <20 min and radiates to the left arm or jaw. There is also diaphoresis and SOB - EKG shows ST- segment depression.
Stable angina
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
Contraction band necrosis - reperfusion injury
Turner syndrome
9. What are the minor critera of the Jones criteria?
Turner syndrome
Nonspecific - eg fever and elevated ESR
Aschoff bodies
Jugular venous distension - painful hepatosplenomegaly w/nutmeg liver - cardica cirrhosis - dependent pitting edema
10. What is the characteristic finding on CXR in tetralogy of fallot?
Intercostal arteries enlarged due to collateral circulation
Prinzmetal
R-->L
Boot shaped heart
11. Opening snap followed by diastolic rumble.
Mitral stenosis
Cardiogenic shock - CHF - arrhythmia
Open blocked vessels
Tricuspid
12. What is the rate of mitral valve prolapse in the US?
S aureus
Dilation of all four chambers of the heart
Small - sterile fibrin deposits randomly arranged on closure of valve leaflets
2-3%
13. Which congenital heart defect is associated with congenital rubella?
L->R
PDA
Increased O2 demand during exercise but can't increase CO b/c of narrowed valve
Squat in response to cyanotic spell
14. What gross and microscopic changes occur months after an MI?
4-7 days macrophage infiltration
Myxoid degeneration
White scar fibrosis
Early - blowing diastolic murmur bounding pulse - pulsating nail bed - and head bobbing
15. What is the most common cause of death during the acute phase of rheumatic fever?
Cyanosis - RV hypertrophy - polycythemia - clubbing
1%
Myocarditis
Mitral insufficiency
16. What is the major cause of MI?
Preductal - post aortic arch
LA
MI
Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque and complete occlusion of the coronary artery
17. How does asprin/heparin tx MI?
Pulsating nail bed
Chest pain <20 min brought on by exertion or emotional stress
Limits thrombosis
Pericarditits
18. In which chamber of the heart are rhabdomyomas found?
Ventricle
Squatting - expiration
Months out fibrosis
Widens it diastolic pressure decreases due to regurgitation while systolic pressure increases due to increased stroke volume
19. What effect does aortic stenosis have on the chambers of the heart?
Concentric LV hypertophy
Left to right shunt causes increased flow thru pulm circulation which results in hypertrophy of pulm vessels and pulm htn - increased pulm resistance results in reveral of shunt
Acute ischemia - mitral valve prolapse - cardiomyopathy - cocaine abuse
Decrease in blood flow to an organ
20. What endocarditis is commonly found in patients with colon cancer?
Mid - systolic click followed by regurgitation murmur
Streptococcus bovis/
Concentric hypertrophy - can't oxygenate full wall - ischemic damage
Pericardial effusion due to pericardial involvement
21. How does transmural MI/ischemia present on EKG?
Osler nodes (ouch - ouch Osler)
Pedunculated mass in the LA that causes syncope due to obstruction of MV
ST- segment elevation
Heart can't fill
22. How does restrictive cardiomyopathy cause LHF?
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
23. What are the HACEK organisms? With what condition are they associated?
4-6 hours - 24 hours - 72 hours
Haemophilus - Actinobacillus - Cardiobacterium - Eikenella - Kingella endocarditis w/negative blood culture
Rupture of free wall - IV septum - or papillary muscle
Volume overload and LHF
24. What effect does dilated cardiomyopathy have on the heart?
Systolic dysfx leading to biventricular CHF
Mitral insufficiency
MI
Granulation tissue
25. What conditions can cause nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis?
Systolic ejection click followed by crescendo - decrescendo murmur
Eisenmenger syndrome
Congested central veins
Hypercoagulable state or underlying adenocarcinoma
26. What are the clinical features of RHF?
Jugular venous distension - painful hepatosplenomegaly w/nutmeg liver - cardica cirrhosis - dependent pitting edema
Valve replacement
Reperfusion injury
Stretched muscle loses contractility
27. What complications occur within 4 hrs post MI?
Systolic ejection click followed by crescendo - decrescendo murmur
Cardiogenic shock - CHF - arrhythmia
Hypercoagulable state or underlying adenocarcinoma
Granulation tissue
28. What congenital heart defect does indomethacin tx?
Ventricle
PDA
Harmartoma
Mitral valve prolapse
29. What bug causes acute rheumatic fever?
Fever: due to bacteremia murmur: due to vegetations janeway lesions - osler nodes - and splinter hemorrhages: due to embolization of septic vegetations anemia of chronic disease: due to chronic inflammation
Shunt
Harmartoma
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci
30. What congenital heart defect presents later in life with lower extremity cyanosis?
Dressler syndrome
Troponin I
Gelatinous - abundant ground substance
PDA
31. What is the leading cause of death in the US?
Ischemic heart disease
Prinzmetal stable and unstable
Nitroglycerin
Repeat exposure to group A beta - hemolytic strep that results in relapse of the acute phase
32. How does subendocardial MI/ischemia present on EKG?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque and complete occlusion of the coronary artery
ST- segment depression
Concentric hypertrophy - can't oxygenate full wall - ischemic damage
33. What increases the risk for chronic rheumatic heart disease?
Repeat exposure to group A beta - hemolytic strep that results in relapse of the acute phase
Pulsating nail bed
Degree of pulmonary artery stenosis
First 4 hours
34. What drug relieves stable angina?
1-3 days
Prinzmetal stable and unstable
Aspirin and/or heparin - supplemental O2 - nitrates - beta blocker - ACE inhibitor - fibrinolysis or angioplasty
Nitroglycerin
35. Friction rub and chest pain.
Intercostal arteries enlarged due to collateral circulation
PDA
Pericarditits
Major criteria of Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever J: joint (migratory polyarthritis) O: heart (pancarditis) N: nodules (subcutaneous nodules) E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea
36. What is the basic principle of CHF?
Mitral valve prolapse
Pump failure
White scar fibrosis
LHF
37. Reactive histiocyte with slender - wavy 'caterpillar' nucleus.
Tender lesions on fingers or toes.
Bicuspid aortic valve
Anitschow cell
Endocarditis of prosthetic valves
38. What is Loeffler syndrome?
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy
Endomyocardial fibrosis w/eosinophilic infiltrate and eosinophilia
Mitral and tricuspid regurg - arrhythmia
Contraction band necrosis
39. Which angina(s) show ST elevation on EKG? ST depression?
Pericardial effusion due to pericardial involvement
Prinzmetal stable and unstable
SLE
ACE inhibitor
40. What effect does aortic regurg have on the pulse pressure? Why?
Sudden cardiac death
Squatting - increased systemic resistence decreases LV emptying
Degree of pulmonary artery stenosis
Widens it diastolic pressure decreases due to regurgitation while systolic pressure increases due to increased stroke volume
41. What is the most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy? What are other causes?
Idiopathic genetic mutation (AD) - myocarditis - alcohol - drugs - pregnancy
Endocarditis of prosthetic valves
Contraction band necrosis
White scar fibrosis
42. Which vasculitis can cause MI?
Kawasaki disease
4-7 days macrophage infiltration
Right -->left
PDA
43. What effect does squatting have on the murmur of mitral valve prolapse? Why?
1-3 days
Louder - increased systemic resistence decreases LV emptying
Small - nondestructive vegetations (subacute endocarditis)
Chronic ischemic heart disease
44. Hypertension in upper extremities - hypotension in lower extremities - notching of ribs on CXR.
Heart transplant
Adult coarctation of the aorta
Return of O2 and inflammatory cells cause FR generation - further damaging myocytes
Major criteria of Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever J: joint (migratory polyarthritis) O: heart (pancarditis) N: nodules (subcutaneous nodules) E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea
45. What is the characteristic murmurr of mitral stenosis?
Metastasis
4-6 hours - 24 hours - 72 hours
Pericardial effusion due to pericardial involvement
Opening snap followed by diastolic rumble
46. What is the etiology of S viridans endocarditis?
Loeffler syndrome
Constrict peripheral arterioles - increasing TPR - release aldosterone - increasing blood volume
ST- segment depression
1) damaged endocardial surface develops thrombotic vegetations 2) transient bacteremia leads to trapping of bacteria in the vegetations
47. What are the two effects of ATII?
Anterior wall of LV and anterior septum
Decreased CO due to diastolic dysfx - syncope w/exercise - sudden death due to vfib
Constrict peripheral arterioles - increasing TPR - release aldosterone - increasing blood volume
Pericarditits
48. What is the gross and microscopic appearance of cardiac myxomas?
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
Squatting - expiration
Gelatinous - abundant ground substance
Regurg vs stenosis
49. What type of vegetations does nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis) cause?
Small - sterile fibrin deposits randomly arranged on closure of valve leaflets
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Endomyocardial fibrosis w/eosinophilic infiltrate and eosinophilia
Return of O2 and inflammatory cells cause FR generation - further damaging myocytes
50. What are the clinical features of endocarditis? What causes each feature?
Widens it diastolic pressure decreases due to regurgitation while systolic pressure increases due to increased stroke volume
20 min
Fever: due to bacteremia murmur: due to vegetations janeway lesions - osler nodes - and splinter hemorrhages: due to embolization of septic vegetations anemia of chronic disease: due to chronic inflammation
Opening snap followed by diastolic rumble
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
Let me suggest you:
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests
Major Subjects
Tests & Exams
AP
CLEP
DSST
GRE
SAT
GMAT
Certifications
CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/
PMP
ITIL
RHCE
MCTS
More...
IT Skills
Android Programming
Data Modeling
Objective C Programming
Basic Python Programming
Adobe Illustrator
More...
Business Skills
Advertising Techniques
Business Accounting Basics
Business Strategy
Human Resource Management
Marketing Basics
More...
Soft Skills
Body Language
People Skills
Public Speaking
Persuasion
Job Hunting And Resumes
More...
Vocabulary
GRE Vocab
SAT Vocab
TOEFL Essential Vocab
Basic English Words For All
Global Words You Should Know
Business English
More...
Languages
AP German Vocab
AP Latin Vocab
SAT Subject Test: French
Italian Survival
Norwegian Survival
More...
Engineering
Audio Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Structural Engineering
More...
Health Sciences
Basic Nursing Skills
Health Science Language Fundamentals
Veterinary Technology Medical Language
Cardiology
Clinical Surgery
More...
English
Grammar Fundamentals
Literary And Rhetorical Vocab
Elements Of Style Vocab
Introduction To English Major
Complete Advanced Sentences
Literature
Homonyms
More...
Math
Algebra Formulas
Basic Arithmetic: Measurements
Metric Conversions
Geometric Properties
Important Math Facts
Number Sense Vocab
Business Math
More...
Other Major Subjects
Science
Economics
History
Law
Performing-arts
Cooking
Logic & Reasoning
Trivia
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests