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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiac
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does Libman - Sacks endocarditis cause?
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Cardiac tamponade
2-4 hours - 24 hours - 7-10 days
Mitral regurg
2. What vavular defect results from acute rheumatic fever?
Type I
Breast and lung carcinoma - melanoma - lymphoma
Mitral insufficiency
Mitral regurgitation due to vegetations
3. What type of ASD is associated w/Down syndrome?
Volume overload and LHF
Chronic rheumatic heart disease
Ostium primum
4-7 days macrophage infiltration
4. With what congenital heart defect is ADULT coarctation of the aorta associated?
Haemophilus - Actinobacillus - Cardiobacterium - Eikenella - Kingella endocarditis w/negative blood culture
Bicuspid aortic valve
PDA
Limits thrombosis
5. Holosystolic blowing murmur that increases w/expiration?
Mitral regurg
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci
Slow HR - decreasing O2 demand and risk for arrhythmia
Chest pain <20 min brought on by exertion or emotional stress
6. What are the complications of mitral valve prolapse? Are they common?
Infectious endocarditis - arrythmias - severe mitral regurg no
Ischemia - htn - dilated cardiomyopathy - MI - restrictive cardiomyopathy
Inability to fill ventricles
Cardiogenic shock - CHF - arrhythmia
7. What type of endocarditis is associated with SLE?
Opening snap followed by diastolic rumble
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
Left -->right
2-4 hours - 24 hours - 7-10 days
8. What type of vegetations does Strep viridans cause?
R-->L
Increased arterial resistence decreases shunting - allowing more blood to reach lungs
Small - nondestructive vegetations (subacute endocarditis)
ACE inhibitor
9. What increases the volume of mitral regurg murmur?
Aspirin and/or heparin - supplemental O2 - nitrates - beta blocker - ACE inhibitor - fibrinolysis or angioplasty
Fusion of the commissures with 'fish mouth' appearence - aortic stenosis
PDA
Squatting - expiration
10. How do ACE inhibitors tx MI?
Myocarditis
Idiopathic genetic mutation (AD) - myocarditis - alcohol - drugs - pregnancy
Streptococcus bovis/
Decreases LV dilation by decreasing volume
11. What drugs can cause dilated cardiomyopathy?
Doxorubicin - cocaine
Bounding pulse
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Large - destructive vegetations
12. What is the tx for LHF?
ACE inhibitor
ST- segment depression
Colon cancer
>70%
13. In which pts does S viridans cause endocarditits?
RBC damaged while crossing the calcified valve causing schistocytes
Pts w/previously damaged valves
Foci of chronic inflammation - reactive histiocytes with slender - wavy nuclei - giant cells - and fibrinoid material
Mitral stenosis
14. What is the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults? Is it malignant or benign?
Mitral regurgitation due to vegetations
2-3%
L->R
Myxoma - benign
15. What typically causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
AD mutation in sarcomere proteins
Large vegetations of S aureus
Autoimmune pericarditis 6-8 wks post MI
Aspirin and/or heparin - supplemental O2 - nitrates - beta blocker - ACE inhibitor - fibrinolysis or angioplasty
16. What is the most common cause of death during the acute phase of rheumatic fever?
Osler nodes (ouch - ouch Osler)
SLE
Cyanosis - RV hypertrophy - polycythemia - clubbing
Myocarditis
17. What is the major cause of MI?
Within the first day
Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque and complete occlusion of the coronary artery
When a bacterial protein resembles a protein in human tissue
Metastasis
18. What type of tumor is a rhabdomyoma?
Mitral regurg
Infantile coarctation of the aorta
Backward LHF pulm htn and RHF - afib and associated mural thombis
Harmartoma
19. With what condition are rhabdomyomas associated?
Prinzmetal angina - cocaine
Tuberous sclerosis
MI
Kawasaki disease
20. Turner syndrome is associated with which congenital heart defect?
Pump failure
Aneurysm - mural thrombus - Dressler syndrome
Infantile coarctation of the aorta
1%
21. In which chamber of the heart are cardiac myxomas found?
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci
Decrease in blood flow to an organ
Rupture of capillaries leading to intraalveolar hemorrhage - sx of LHF
LA
22. What tests show prior group A beta - hemolytic strep infection?
Elevated ASO anti - DNase B titers
Rhadbomyoma - benign
Contraction band necrosis
Stretched muscle loses contractility
23. How does fibrinolysis/angioplasty tx MI?
Mitral regurg
Right -->left
Open blocked vessels
Slow HR - decreasing O2 demand and risk for arrhythmia
24. How does aortic regurg affect the heart chambers?
Coexisting mitral stenosis and fusion of commisures exist
Colon cancer
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy
Subendocardial
25. What is chronic rheumatic heart disease?
SLE
Myocardium
Louder - increased systemic resistence decreases LV emptying
Valve scarring that arises as a consequence of rheumatic fever
26. What is cardiogenic shock?
Aneurysm - mural thrombus - Dressler syndrome
S epidermidis
Months out fibrosis
Inability to maintain systemic pressure w/lack of O2 to vital organs
27. Opening snap followed by diastolic rumble.
Ehlers - Danlow and Marfan syndrome
Mitral stenosis
Pericarditits
Reperfusion of irreversibly damaged cells results in Ca influx - leading to hypercontraction of myofibrils
28. When do macrophagess infiltrate the myocardium post MI?
Stretched muscle loses contractility
4-7 days
LAD
Right to left
29. What causes heart failure cells?
Congenital rubella
Rupture of capillaries leading to intraalveolar hemorrhage - sx of LHF
Stable angina
Preductal - post aortic arch
30. What two things cause coronary artery vasospasm?
20 min
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Prinzmetal angina - cocaine
Decreased forward perfusion pulmonary congestion
31. What type of endocarditis is associated w/metastatic cancer and wasting conditions?
Aortic regurg
Infectious endocarditis
Right to left
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
32. What is the etiology of S viridans endocarditis?
1) damaged endocardial surface develops thrombotic vegetations 2) transient bacteremia leads to trapping of bacteria in the vegetations
Myxoid degeneration
Loeffler syndrome
Holosystolic blowing murmur
33. At what point in development do congenital heart defects arise?
LHF - left - to - right shunt - chronic lung disease (cor pulmonale)
Chronic ischemic heart disease
Mitral regurg
3-8 wks
34. When is an MI patent at highest risk for fibrionous pericarditis?
Group A beta - hemolytic streptococci
1-3 days out
Infectious endocarditis - arrythmias - severe mitral regurg no
Bicuspid aortic valve
35. What are the forward and backward sx of LHF?
Colon cancer
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
Concentric LV hypertophy
Backward: dyspnea - PND - orthopnea - crackles (pulmonary congestion and edema) - heart failure cells forward: fluid retention due to decreased flow to kidneys leading to activation of RAA
36. How do you tx prinzmetal angina?
Surgical closure small defects may close spontaneously
NG or Ca channel blocker
S aureus
Kawasaki disease
37. Early - blowing diastolic murmur - bounding pulse - pulsating nail bed - and head bobbing.
Pancarditis
S aureus
Decreased CO due to diastolic dysfx - syncope w/exercise - sudden death due to vfib
Aortic regurg
38. What are the sx of PDA at birth?
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis)
IV drug users
Cyanosis - RV hypertrophy - polycythemia - clubbing
Asymptomatic
39. What is Dressler syndrome? When does it occur?
Backward LHF pulm htn and RHF - afib and associated mural thombis
Asymptomatic
Autoimmune pericarditis 6-8 wks post MI
S aureus
40. What is the effect of acute vs chronic rheumatic disease off the mitral valve?
Reperfusion injury
stenosis of RV outflow tract - RV hypertrophy - VSD - aorta that overrides the VSD
Regurg vs stenosis
Foci of chronic inflammation - reactive histiocytes with slender - wavy nuclei - giant cells - and fibrinoid material
41. What congenital heart defect presents later in life with lower extremity cyanosis?
Sudden cardiac death
PDA
Bounding pulse
Coxsackie A or B
42. What gross and microscopic changes occur months after an MI?
Volume overload and LHF
Boot shaped heart
White scar fibrosis
R-->L
43. What causes mitral valve prolapse?
Papillary muscle - free wall - IV septum
Mitral regurg
Myxoid degeneration
Heart can't fill
44. What is a Quincke pulse?
Papillary muscle - free wall - IV septum
Fusion of the commissures with 'fish mouth' appearence - aortic stenosis
Pulsating nail bed
Contraction band necrosis - reperfusion injury
45. What type of shunt does transposition of the great vessels cause?
S viridans
Cardiogenic shock - CHF - arrhythmia
R-->L
Left -->right
46. What coronary artery supplies the mitral valve papillary muscles?
Arthritis in a large joint (wrist - knees - ankles) that resolves within days and migrates to another large joint
Boot shaped heart
4-7 days macrophage infiltration
RCA
47. When is a post - MI pt at highest risk for rupture of a LV structure? With what microscopic change is this complication associated?
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Reperfusion injury
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
4-7 days macrophage infiltration
48. Ostium primum ASD is associated with what congenital disorder?
Trisomy 21
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Large vegetations of S aureus
Sudden cardiac death
49. What are the minor critera of the Jones criteria?
Squat in response to cyanotic spell
Nonspecific - eg fever and elevated ESR
Autoimmune pericarditis 6-8 wks post MI
LHF - left - to - right shunt - chronic lung disease (cor pulmonale)
50. How does ischemia cause LHF?
Loss of fx
Decrease in blood flow to an organ
Mitral mitral+aortic
Coexisting mitral stenosis and fusion of commisures exist